Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enseignement supérieur – États-Unis'
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Goastellec, Gaële. "Égalité et mérite à l'université : une comparaison États-Unis, Indonésie, France." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20967.
Full textHigher education is structured around a tension between two fundamental principles of all democracies : equality and merit. By opening access to higher education, the process of massification is transforming the means to resolve this tension. How can one reconcile the necessity of a meritocratic system in societies that only have very few places at their head, with worldwide demands of equality that encourage universities to produce more justice ? How can one move from the reproduction of society to its production ? To these shared question, the American, Indonesian and French systems each answer in their own way, according to the perception their respective societies have of themselves, but also according to students' capability to become actors of their own system, to make their claims heard, and to transform their study environments. By comparing these three systems, this research shows how the admission moment of the highschool students in higher education crystallizes the whole of these tensions. The means of selection put forward how each society perceives and produces legitimate identities, the distribution system of students within the university, and how their encounter allows students' integration in a study environment which can also be a life environment. The diversity of these local contexts does not prevent a shared tendancy : the university's increasing autonomy that puts forward as necessary the diversity of their respective roles by recruiting identified student populations. Whichever the higher education system studied, a process of convergence is at work, that not only concerns the system's way of functioning, but also, and most importantly, that claims to recognize individual identities
Fardet, Nicole. "Les universités américaines : de la genèse à la planification des campus." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081084.
Full textThis research takes a pluridisciplinary approach to the main aspects that characterize campus planning in the united states. Although french campuses were widely inspired by american universities during the 60's, they are merely a paltry transposition of the concept in a different societal context. As the american model was considered by the principal advisor to the ministry of national education in the context of the construction of new french universities in the near future ("universites 2000" program), understanding the partial failure of french campuses becomes of paramount importance. Perhaps one of the fundamental characteristics of the institutional nature of american universities lies in a strong decentralization that is the source of a diversity of educational structures. However, an historical and cultural analysis of american research universities in terms of functional and relational (link to urban environment) aspects enables the identification of four different types of institutions. The second chapter is dedicated to campus planning organizational issues that define politics and strategies related to spatial development of university sites. Site selection processes, main campus planning principles, campus planning processes and organization are explained. The university of california at berkeley provides us with a relevant illustration of the topic
Lazar, Mehdi. "L' université : vers un renouveau de l'oekoumènisme." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010620.
Full textDavenport, Lila. "Le programme AVID (advancement via individual determination) et l'accès au système universitaire américain des minorités sous-représentées dans le supérieur (étude centrée sur l'école Mar Vista High School en Californie du sud)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040156.
Full textMasseys-Bertonèche, Carole. "Le rôle de la philanthropie dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution des grandes universités américaines : étude historique et empirique des limites de la dichotomie public/privé." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30046.
Full textPhilanthropy is a concept that is no longer used in France, but, in the United States, it provides a wide network of support for the non-profit sector. Indeed, it is envisioned as a viable private alternative to the public sector. Ever since colonial times, the Americans have relied upon non-profit organizations for public-oriented missions that, in most European countries, are the responsibility of the State. This delegation of power from the State to the private sector first took place in higher education with the creation, in 1636, of the country's first charitable corporation, Harvard University. This thesis focuses on how philanthropy and the higher education system in the United States interact. It does this by means of a historical study and an empirical analysis based on a sample of fourteen major private higher education institutions. The conclusions of this research indicate that philanthropy has allowed a small number of private universities to rule over the world of basic research and also to educate the elite. In addition, the governing bodies of major private universities and foundations have used philanthropy as a tool to influence governmental policy and the workings of the higher education system as a whole. As a result, in the United States, the public-private dichotomy has become blurred and cannot therefore be regarded as very pertinent
Thermes, Julie. "L'affirmative action en question : les étudiants noirs à Harvard, Yale et Princeton (1960-1992)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010557.
Full textThis thesis is a historical analysis of student affirmative action programs in the United States. The investigation focuses on the policy implemented for black students in three of the most selective universities of the East Coast (Harvard, Yale and Princeton). The purpose of the study is to explore the origins of affirmative action on these campuses and its development from 1960 to 1992. It is based on university archives including statistical data (students' sat scores and admission rates by ethnic origin). The major findings are : affirmative action was adopted informally in 1963. Three factors leading to its adoption were identified : (1) Harvard, Yale and Princeton's racial segregation heritage ; (2) Kennedy's racial policy and the impact of the civil rights movement ; (3) the fact that the three campuses already gave preferential treatment to certain candidates in order to diversify the student body. After being institutionalized at the end of the 1960s, affirmative action went through two phases. The 1970s can be considered as a golden age : black candidates are recruited in inner-city schools ; they are given strong preference ; black enrolment increases significantly; administrators provide financial support for the creation of afro-american cultural centers ; afro-american studies programs emphasizing black students militancy develop. Outside the campus, these efforts are supported by federal government, supreme court and private foundations. On campus, administrators, faculty, students and alumni do not oppose them. The 1980s correspond with affirmative action decline : middle class black students are now recruited ; they are admitted with higher sat scores ; black participation decreases ; administrators encourage racial integration and do not support cultural centers as they used to ; afro-american studies fade. Finally, if affirmative action is still tolerated on campus, federal financial support decreases and criticisms raise from the new right
Brisset-Sillion, Cécile. "Entre Etat et marché : les régulations du système universitaire de l'Etat de New York." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0021.
Full textArellano, Soto German. "A videoconferencing tandem exchange involving adult learners of english and spanish as foreign languages : an interactionist perspective." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32271.
Full textThe present study analyzed videoconferencing tandem language learning exchanges between university students of English as a foreign language (EFL) and Spanish as a foreign language (SFL). Based on an interactionist perspective (Ellis et al., 2001a; Loewen, 2005; Long, 1980; Varonis & Gass, 1985), it sought to explore: 1. participants noticing of the gap in their interlanguage (i.e., production of focus-on-form episodes/FFEs) during the negotiation of meaning in the context of tandem language learning tasks for EFL and SFL, 2. the effect of incidental noticing on subsequent language learning, 3. the characteristics of FFEs that best predict L2 learning in a videoconferencing context, and 4. the support used by participants to enhance language learning opportunities during the exchanges. Five intermediate level Spanish-speaking EFL students from a Mexican university were paired up with five intermediate level Englishspeaking SFL students from an American university. Seven free conversation type tasks on topics of interest to the participants were the basis for the videoconferencing tandem sessions. Data collected over a ten-week period were gathered from three main sources: videoconferencing session transcripts (570 pages), immediate and delayed posttests, and a background questionnaire. Drawing on Loewen‘s (2005) framework for the analysis of FFEs, the transcripts revealed that students generated a substantive number of FFEs in both the EFL and SFL parts of the tandem exchange (915 in total). Results from the immediate and delayed posttests indicated that participants recalled over half of the targeted FFE linguistic items on immediate and delayed posttests. Although fewer items were recalled on the delayed posttests, this difference was not significant. Results from the FFE linguistic items targeted for the posttests were combined in order to carry out a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis. In contrast to previous studies (Loewen, 2005; Shekary & Tahririan, 2006), where successful uptake was a valid predictor for L2 learning, the analysis of the present study revealed that the only significant predictor for L2 learning was deferred timing. Analysis of the support (Chapelle, 2001) used by participants to enhance L2 language learning opportunities during videoconferencing revealed three major types: chat, pictures, and use of the whiteboard. More generally, the present study supports the claim that tandem language learning through videoconferencing is a useful activity for promoting L2 learning/acquisition. Implications for teaching and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Bouchet, Sala Agnès. "Transmission et transformation identitaire, l'ambivalence du programme d'enseignement général à l'Université de Stanford (1920-1998)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030170.
Full textCore requirements generally involve interdisciplinary study in humanities and sciences. Their aim is to provide a shared cultural heritage and intellectual experience for all undergraduate students at a particular institution. Therefore they inherently contribute to the building of a common identity. We studuy the cultural contents of four successive general education courses at Stanford University from 1920 to 1998, and give an insight on American identity in relation to its context of production. Our findings reveal a double process through which certain features of the American identity are preserved and others transformed, insuring social continuity as well as social change. Though this duality implies tensions, it is also a proof of American dynamism and adaptability to the needs of the society of a time. .
Lauby, Fanny. "Immigrants Facing Immigration Policy : state Laws Regulating Eligibility for In-State Tuition and Belonging among Latino Immigrant Youth in the United States." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030055.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on new paths of immigrant incorporation and on the political mobilization of undocumented youths in the New York-New Jersey area. The goal of this investigation is to assess whether contrasting state laws that either open or restrict eligibility for in-state tuition are associated with different levels of belonging and different styles of organizing among immigrant youths. This research draws from theories on political incorporation and a resource mobilization model of collective action. It also builds on theories of policy design highlighting the role of policy images in immigration reform. The contrasting cases of state-level policy in New York and New Jersey provide for an investigation into an important level of government that has largely been missing from the debate on comprehensive immigration reform. The dissertation relies on an innovative mixed-methods approach, collecting both quantitative data from a survey and qualitative data from sixty in-depth interviews. Results indicate that undocumented youths tend to become mobilized in states which provide more restrictive contexts of reception, and where the coalition of support is still being recruited. However, state laws affecting access to college do shape the availability of political and civic resources for immigrant youths. This dissertation highlights the importance of place in immigrants’ paths of incorporation into the United States, as well as the role of policy narratives in fostering or deterring political engagement. The results will help policymakers better understand the contexts of reception which public policies create for young immigrants
Loucif, Sabine. "Sociologie de la réception et analyse du rôle de l'institution littéraire : étude contrastive de l'usage des "classiques" de la littérature française dans les universités américaines." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030056.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the reception of French literature in American universities from the undergraduate level to the PhD. The first part of this work deals with the battle of the books that took place in the mid-eighties about the contents of western civilization courses at the bachelor level. In those courses, where French literature is taught in American translation, one can identify two conflicting versions of the canon: a liberal canon influenced by Lincoln’s conception of the American dream, and a radical canon based on the ideology of the sixties and seventies. The second part of the dissertation focuses on teaching practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels and the third part on research projects conducted by American academics. The results of my inquiries show that the canon of teaching is traditional whereas the canon of research includes women and francophone writers in addition to the "classics". The approach adopted is both sociological and cross-cultural: sociological because literature is considered a social practice, and cross-cultural because American practices of French literature are compared to their French counterparts in order to identify the differences between the two cultures. Characteristics of the works labelled as canonical are considered as well as the history of the French literary field and the structure of the American academic world
Méténier, Anne. "Une étude du black american english : son lexique et sa tradition orale, origines et évolution depuis le XVIIe siècle jusqu'au XXe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20038.
Full textThis research is an approach to black american lexicon (words and oral tradition) of the continental united states of america. The purpose of this study is to show that, as the grammar, syntax or phonology of black english, its lexicon is elaborate enough to be the subject of a specific study. The first chapter shows the origins and the evolution of afro american lexicon and oral tradition until the end of the nineteenth century. This study is made through several contemporary linguistic perspectives. A first part sets the linguistic theories issued between 19001950 ; the second part is a theoritical and descriptive study of the origins (british and african) and the evolution of this lexicon until the end of the nineteenth century, seen through the creolist viewpoint of the second half of the twentieth century. An approach of the pidgin and creole stages of black english is made, as well as west african and bantou dialects, so as to point out the african element found in black english. The study of decreolization of black english (end of the nineteenth century) represents the transition between the two chapters. The second chapter displays a part of the contemporary black lexicon and oral tradition. It shows that decreolization has been partly successful for a large part of african linguistics remains in contemporary blanck english
Deschênes, Pradet Maude. "La corbeille d'Alice (roman) Suivi de: Les éléphants à l'Université. Comment la création littéraire est entrée à l'Université et a modifié le paysage littéraire nord-américain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28298/28298.pdf.
Full textPark, Ji-Yun. "L'utilisation des séries judiciaires télévisuelles pour l'enseignement de l'anglais juridique : études des séries américaines et anglaises comme supports pédagogiques." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/188279652#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full text< Using courtroom dramas in teaching legal English: studies of American and British series as pedagogical materials > is the result of a research project on the exploitability of British and American television procedurals as tools for teaching English legal language and culture to law students, especially with a view to comparing these two countries belonging to the same legal tradition and highlighting national cultural differences. The theoretical basis for this analysis resides in the field of legal cultures and legal series as well as the pedagogical approach of the "Silent Way" in order to show how these programmes create an environment that encourages students to acquire knowledge of common law culture and legal English in an autonomous and economic way. A brief description of an experience using such shows in the context of a university course and a survey conducted with a number of legal English teachers in France, confirmed a significant interest with regarding the use of series and films as teaching aids. The data found in the English and American series of the corpus studied here, is analysed through an empirical comparative approach which reveals similarities and differences with respect to such aspects as the legal professions and courtroom ritual in these two common law countries
De, souffron Pierre. "L'enseignement supérieur américain face aux enjeux de la mondialisation : l'exemple des écoles d'ingénieurs américaines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA021.
Full textThe thesis aims to highlight the means implemented by the higher education system in America to maintain a dominant position in terms of research and innovation. It reports on strategies for recruiting and training U.S. universities mainly internationally oriented in terms of excellence. Assuming that the higher education structure in the form of a competitive market at a time of economic globalization, the thesis shows, through the prism of engineering schools and their students at Graduate redistribution multipolar market of higher education according to international tenders offered in particular by emerging powers (BRICS) modeled on the Anglo-Saxon model. The thesis shows how well these students are new actors-resources "nomadic" keepers of the economic development of nations by their ability to innovate. It therefore underlines the nesting of a regional plan for the different actors involved in economic development in this demonstration as taking the work of the sociology of organizations Crozier and Friedberg that the new institutionalism defended by P. Hall and R.Taylor. For all thesis emphasizes the stranglehold of the individual student in the choice of training after which a rational (Weber) will opt for the more interesting training according to the criteria that will be clean. This thesis sheds light on the importance of these students through technological innovation they bring to the American nation offering a decisive strategic advantage in the international balance of power. Similarly, it demonstrates the irreversibility of the system of American higher education and engineering schools to strengthen its international recruitment in a globalized context
Delacourt, Sandra. "L'artiste, l'universitaire et l'historien aux Etats-Unis (1938-1968) : l'exemple de Donald Judd." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis explores the conditions in which the figure of the ‘academic artist’ emerged in the USA following World War II. The intellectual and political climate for radical change in the American visual arts educational paradigm is evidenced as are its repercussions on the profound renewal of agencies involved in art history production. Importance is given to reform in higher education and the instrumental role the academic artist played in redefining academic research between the 1930s and the 1960s. Such figures were far from being merely aspirational in political terms as is apparent in their range of trajectories, their practices and goals which did not necessarily coincide. Many artists, whose names were associated with academia, contributed – some conventionally, others less predictably – to new ways of producing knowledge. Yet recognizing such individual contributions posed many more problems than the more generic celebration of the new American art personified by “educated” artists. My dissertation therefore views these issues from an epistemological standpoint, weighing what paradoxically was an academic deficit against contemporary practices in history and art history. The latter is examined through the specific case of Donald Judd and his determined stance against European philosophical idealism via the “realistic” practice of art history
Camredon, Van Berten Christine. "L'enseignement du français dans les universités américaines : Étude des représentations, des attentes et des besoins des étudiants." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030094.
Full textSome American students, in Washington in particular, have decided to stop studying French or have abandoned plans to specialize in French because they think that the courses offered do not correspond to their expectations. The primary goal of this research is to offer strategies to teach French in the most motivating possible way given the context of the Washington, DC-based universities that form the basis of this research. With this goal in mind, this research examines the dominant characteristics of students’representations, expectations, and needs in order to most accurately define the main objectives which are to be taken into consideration when developing new course offerings. This research also highlights that the teaching and learning of a foreign language is dependent on its social and temporal context, and that this interdependence helps determine the content of the curriculum offered to the students. French is, above all, a language of culture and, secondly, an international language. Students expect a wide variety of course offerings that relate to their interests and their intended career paths [eg, international politics or diplomacy]. When developing French programs, subject matter and communicative competency should be the priority considerations. However, students are not exclusively interested in language courses related to their primary area[s] of study. The majority of students are also interested in literature, but in literature that is alive and communicative. Students’ complex desires can be explained by the multipolar structure of their representations of the French language