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J. Gupta, Pooja, Minal J. Trivedi, and Harsha P. Soni. "Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 As Promising Plant Growth Promoting Bacterium, Isolated From The Kadi Vegetable Market Waste, Gujarat." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 3 (2022): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3030.
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Chemical fertilizer use in agricultural areas causes a variety of issues, including pollution, health risks, disruption of natural ecological nutrient cycles, and the loss of biological communities. In this case, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and other supplements are replaced by plant growth promoting bacteria for sustainable agriculture. The present research work focus on the isolation of the plant growth promoting bacteria from the Kadi vegetable market waste. Derived from morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis the strain was identified as Enterobacter cloacae PNE2. The antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that the isolate was sensitive to all 22 antibiotics tested. The isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 has multiple growth-promoting activities like N2 fixation, phosphate, solubilization, potassium solubilization, phytohormone (Indole-3-acetic acid) production, EPS production, biopolymer degradation, and also possesses good seed germination ability. Quantitative analysis of nitrite production revealed the isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 produced 0.15±0.01 µg/ml nitrite. The Phosphate Solubilization Index (PSI) of the isolate was recorded 3.58±0.08 and the isolate released 278.34±0.56 μg/ml phosphate in Pikovskaya’s broth. The isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 solubilized 32.66 mg/l potassium. The isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 possesses IAA (48.49±0.05µg/ml) in presence of tryptophan and EPS (19.1±0.2 g/l) production ability. The isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 was also found to degrade Cellulose, Pectin, and Xylan. Furthermore, the isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 enhances seedling growth of Trigonella foenum graceum (fenugreek). Thus, the isolate Enterobacter cloacae PNE2 has significant plant growth promoting characteristics and can be applied in a bio-fertilizer formulation for sustainable agriculture.
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Bhadra, Bhaskar, Ashis Kumar Nanda, and Ranadhir Chakraborty. "Enterobacter nickelidurans sp. nov., a novel nickel tolerant enterobacteria isolated from Torsa river water of India." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 5, no. 1 (2011): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2011.v05i01.003.
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A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nickel-resistant bacterium, designated as strain NiVas 114', was isolated from waters of Torsa River in Hasimara, West Bengal, India. The strain NiVasl 14 possessing inducible nickel resistance can tolerate maximally 10mM nickel chloride. Southern blot assays of genomic DNA of NiVas 114 using probe(s) generated from known nickel resistance determinants (cnr/ ncc/ nrel nerí nir). under conditions of low stringency, produced no detectable signal except for cnrA gene of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 (formerly Alcaligenes eutropha CH34) in which weak hybridization signal occurred. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain NiVas 114 was identified as a member of y Proteobacteria, and the nearest phylogenetic relatives are Enterobacter hormaechei (98.6-98.5%) and Enterobacter cloacae (97.5-98.2 %). In the phylogenetic trees constructed with nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene, hsp60 gene and rpoB gene, strain NiVas 114" clustered with the subspecies of Enterobacter hormaechei. The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 60 -63% with Enterobacter hormaechei subsp hormaechei, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwalti Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae and Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissobvens. The isolate NiVas 114 differed from the nearest phylogenetic relatives in terms of number of phenotypic characteristics. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the isolate was 59.5 +0.4 mol %. The predominant cellular faty acids of the isolate are C160, Summed feature 3 (comprises C16wTel 15 io 201) and C 18 w7ei hydroxy fatty acids are found in minor quantities. Thus, on the basis of biochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was recognized as a novel species of Enterobacter. for which the name Enterobacter nickellidurans sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain NiVas 114' (= LMG 23000 = CcUGSO594"= JCM13045").
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R.Rada, Khayati S., Ait said L., and Zahlane K. "OUTBREAK OF ESBL-PRODUCING ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE IN NEONATAL UNITS: ABOUT 7 CASES." International Journal of Advanced Research and Review 7, no. 3 (2022): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6400528.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Enterobacter cloacae species is responsible for nosocomial outbreaks in vulnerable patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The environment can constitute the reservoir and source of infection in NICUs. The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of an outbreak of ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae in the neonatology unit of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>We reported seven cases of ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae infections in neonates hospitalized in a neonatal unit over a period of two weeks, diagnosed by microbiological study of the different cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as by the study of the germ's sensitivity to antibiotics <strong>Results: </strong>The presence of ESBL was retained in front of an antibiogram showing a resistance to all the betalactamins except carbapenems, as well as a synergy between the disks of C3G, C4G and clavulanic acid, the resistance to the betalactamins was associated with that of the tested fluoroquinolones in particular Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin and to the aminoglycosides except amikacin as well as the resistance to the co-trimoxazole. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The emergence of multi-resistant bacteria with a high epidemic risk in our hospital implies, Hence the interest in developing rapid and efficient means of identification in order to limit their spread.
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Cao, Peng, Chenxu Li, Kefei Tan, et al. "Characterization, Phylogenetic Analyses, and Pathogenicity of Enterobacter cloacae on Rice Seedlings in Heilongjiang Province, China." Plant Disease 104, no. 6 (2020): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-19-2557-re.
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Rice is used as a staple food in different areas of world, especially in China. In recent years, rice seedlings have been affected seriously by symptoms resembling bacterial palea browning (BPB) in Heilongjiang Province. To isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the disease, 40 bacterial strains were isolated from diseased rice seedlings collected from the four major accumulative-temperature zones of rice fields cultivated in Heilongjiang Province, and these were identified as 13 species based on morphological characteristics and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. Inoculation of all the isolates on healthy rice seedlings showed that the nine Enterobacter cloacae isolates were the pathogens causing typical symptoms of BPB, including yellowing to pale browning, stunting, withering, drying, and death. Moreover, the nine E. cloacae isolates could also cause symptoms of bacterial disease on the seedlings of soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic and biochemical characteristics indicated that these nine pathogenic isolates were E. cloacae. In addition, analysis of the sequences of four housekeeping genes (rpoB, gyrB, infB, and atpD) from the selected strain SD4L also assigned the strain to E. cloacae. Therefore, E. cloacae is the pathogen causing disease of rice seedlings in Heilongjiang Province, which we propose to classify as a form of BPB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify E. cloacae as a causal agent of BPB in rice.
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Fardami, Aminu Yusuf, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Maryam Lami Riskuwa-Shehu, Ibrahim Lawal, and Haruna Yahaya Ismail. "Isolation and Screening of Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.664.
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Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms that have different applications in solving many environmental problems. This study was carried out to screen biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil of Kano Metropolis, Kano State- Nigeria. Soil samples were collected and processed. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were enumerated, isolated and characterized using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Blood haemolysis, oil drop collapse and oil displacement tests were employed for the screening of the bacterial isolates for the potential to produce biosurfactant. The viable aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the samples ranges from 1.0 to 8.4×106 cfu/g. Eight bacterial genera were biochemically identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter alvei, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. Bacillus subtilis had the highest frequency of occurrence of 5(27%) while Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter alvei have the least occurrences of 1(6%) each. The eight identified bacterial isolates were all positive for the haemolysis test, drop collapse and oil displacement test.
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Zaid, A. M., J. M. Bonasera, and S. V. Beer. "First Report of Enterobacter Bulb Decay of Onions Caused by Enterobacter cloacae in New York." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (2011): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0375.
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During the summer of 2010, onions (Allium cepa L.) of several cultivars growing in muck-land soils in Orange, Genesee, Orleans, and Oswego counties of New York exhibited leaf dieback and bulb decay consistent with disease symptoms caused by Enterobacter cloacae as described previously (1,3,4). Isolations of bacteria from symptomatic tissues and muck soil were made using onion extract medium (OEM), which contains extracts of autoclaved onions, salts, and inhibitors of fungi and gram-positive bacteria. Some presumptive strains of E. cloacae were isolated; 5 from symptomatic onions growing in Genesee County, 2 from muck-land soil, and 27 from bulbs stored for ~2.5 months in a farm storage facility in Oswego County. Tentative identification was based on colony morphology (convex, cream-color colonies, 2 to 3 mm in diameter following incubation at 28°C for 1 day on OEM), which was similar to the morphology of reference strains of E. cloacae ATCC 23355, ATCC 13047, and strain 310 (gift of H. F. Schwartz, which was derived from reference 4; personal communication). Strains were gram-negative rods, negative for oxidase and indole, positive for nitrate reductase and catalase; produced acid from glucose aerobically and anaerobically. Also, all strains produced PCR products from the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA region of the predicted sizes using primers T5A and T3B designed for identification of E. cloacae (2). The growth of eight of the isolated strains and strains ATTC 23355 and 310 were evaluated on several carbon sources with RapiD 20E test strips (bio Mérieux, Inc, Durham, NC). All strains were positive for β-d-galactosidase, ornithine decarboxylase, utilization of citrate and malonate, and production of acetoin. Hydrolysis of esculin by β-glucosidase differed among the eight. All strains were negative for lysine decarboxylase, urease, para-phenylalanine deaminase, indole, and oxidase. All produced acid from arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, cellobiose, melibiose, saccharose, trehalose, raffinose, and glucose; no strains produced acid from adonitol. These characteristics are consistent with published data for E. cloacae. Surface-disinfested onion bulbs and sets were inoculated with 50 to 100 μl of bacterial suspensions containing ~108 CFU/ml, injected with hypodermic needles and syringes, and incubated at 37°C for 2 weeks. Bisected onions revealed dry brown discoloration in each of the four bulbs and sets that had been inoculated with each presumptive strain. Symptoms were indistinguishable from those apparent in onions inoculated with the authentic strains mentioned. Strains recovered on OEM were identified as E. cloacae based on the stated biochemical properties and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene amplified by PCR as above. The sequence of the amplicon from the isolated strains was identical to that of reference strains ATCC 23355 and 310. Amplicon sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of New York strains Ecl3, Ecl6, and Ecl7 were deposited in GenBank as JF832951, JF832952, and JF832953, respectively. The strains were accessioned as ATCC BAA-2271, ATCC BAA-2272, and ATCC BAA-2273, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of E. cloacae causing Enterobacter bulb decay of onion in New York. References: (1) A. L. Bishop and R. M. Davis. Plant Dis. 74:692, 1990. (2) M. M. Clementino et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:3865, 2004. (3) B. K. Schroeder and L. J. du Toit. Plant Dis. 93:323, 2009. (4) H. F. Schwartz and K. Otto. Plant Dis. 84:808, 2000.
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Siniagina, Maria N., Alexander V. Laikov, Maria I. Markelova, et al. "Competitive ability of <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease and healthy volunteers: physiological, biochemical and genetic characteristics." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 99, no. 6 (2023): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-192.
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Introduction. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammation of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract with an increased proportion of Escherichia coli. However, the role of E. coli in disease remains unclear.
 This study aims to evaluate the competitive abilities of E. coli strains from CD patients and healthy volunteers, and to identify the biochemical and genetic determinants underlying these features.
 Materials and methods. The antagonistic activity was assessed by co-cultivation of 11 clinical E. coli strains inhibiting the growth of the K-12, with Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella enterica. To elucidate the mechanism of antagonistic activity, the evaluation of biochemical properties and a comparative genomic analysis were used.
 Results and discussion. Genes of bacteriocin production systems were identified in genomes of 11 strains from CD patients and healthy volunteers active against the E. coli K-12 strain. Three strains from healthy individuals demonstrated activity against several Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. The strains biochemical properties were typical of representatives of E. coli. Strains 1_34_12, active against E. cloacae, and 1_45_11, inhibiting all tested enterobacteria, are phylogenetically related to the laboratory strain K-12. Strain 1_39_1, active against K. pneumonia and S. enterica, is phylogenetically close to the Nissle1917, contains the genes for colibactin biosynthesis and a variant of the fimH gene that increases the adhesive ability of bacteria.
 Conclusion. The identified E. coli strains are able to displace Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and can be used to study the bacteria-bacteria and host-bacteria interactions, to understand their role in gut homeostasis and intestinal inflammation.
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Onawola, O. O., I. S. Akande, W. O. Okunowo, and A. A. Osuntoki. "Isolation and identification of phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species from Nigerian soils." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 36, no. 2 (2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v36i2.13.
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The bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics is restricted by the presence of phytate. Exogenous supply of phytase produced by bacteria and other microbes can enhance the bioavailability of these nutrients and reduce phosphorus pollution. The objective of the study was to isolate bacteria with phytase-producing potentials from soil; which may be employed for the bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics in Nigeria. Top soil samples were collected from two dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria and bacteria were isolated and screened for potentials to produce phytase. The isolates with phytase potential were primarily identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics and then confirmed using the 16S rRNA sequencing, after which their expressed phytases were quantified. A total of six isolates belonging to three species were identified as phytase producers. Sequence data analyses revealed these to be Bacillus subtilis (2), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (3) and Enterobacter cloacae (1) with accession numbers MH879827 and MH879832; MH879828, MH879830 and MH879831; and MH879829 respectively. Phenotypic phytase activity was highest in E. cloacae ODS 29 (9.69 ± 0.04 U/ml) and least in B. subtilis ODS 10 (8.83 ± 0.02 U/ml). In conclusion, phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species were isolated and characterized from Nigerian soils. These bacteria species could be used in biotechnological applications.
 Keywords: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Monogastrics, Phylogenetic analysis, Phytase
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Alio, Almou Abdoulaye, Alio Sanda Abdel-Kader, Hamidou Seybou Djalifa, et al. "Taxonomic and Biochemical Analysis of Enterobacteria Isolates Isolated from Some Vegetables and Irrigation Water in Niamey, Niger." Asian Journal of Biology 21, no. 7 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2025/v21i7524.
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Enterobacteriaceae is one of the most important bacterial families in human pathology. This family includes numerous species, most of which are normal hosts in the digestive tract of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to characterize the taxonomy and diversity of enterobacteria contaminating vegetables in Niamey. A total of 124 vegetable samples and 29 irrigation water samples were collected and analyzed. Enterobacteria were enumerated in accordance with ISO 21528-1 and the biochemical characteristics were determined. The results showed a high abundance of enterobacteria in vegetables, around 5.58 Log10 CFU/g (onion). Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in market samples than in field samples. Secondly, several species of enterobacteria were isolated, with sixty (60) isolates identified, divided between eighteen (18) species belonging to the enterobacteria family, including twenty (20) isolates of Salmonella, ten (10) isolates of Escherichia coli and seven (7) isolates of Serratia. Lettuce samples were more contaminated with Salmonella spp. (15.22%) and tomato with Enterobacter cloacae (4.35%). A certain biochemical similarity was observed between the different enterobacteria species identified. Whatever the type of vegetable considered, the enterobacteria loads obtained, it should be exceed the microbiological criteria for vegetables. As a result, the sanitary quality of these vegetables is low. It is therefore essential to make producers and retailers aware of the need to strictly adhere to good hygiene practices in order to produce healthy vegetables. To characterize the risk associated with consumption of this vegetable, it would be important to determine the profile and antibiotic resistance genes of these Enterobacteriaceae species.
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Adel Qasim, Doaa. "Isolation and identification of some types of histamine-producing bacteria from shrimp in local markets." Sumer 1 8, CSS 1 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.47.
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Different genera and species of bacteria were isolated from shrimp, which were brought from the Al-Faw area in the Basra governorate, and these isolates were diagnosed after purification through studying their phenotypic characteristics and conducting API confirmation, biochemical tests, motility examination and staining with gram stain, in addition to using different types of diagnostic tools bacteria. Twenty-five bacterial isolates of genera and species of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed from shrimp. Morganella morganii sub. Morganii,, Klebsiella pneumonia sub. Pneumonia, Proteus marina, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter tailored, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas sobria. The results of the detection of histamine-producing bacteria, which were detected by using broth media such as Histamine decarboxylase broth (HDB), Trypticase Soy brothhistidine (TSBH) and solid media such as Histamine decarboxylase agar (HDA) showed that all bacteria were producing histamine in different proportions except Aeromonas sobria and Hafnia alvei were non-histamine-producing. Keywords: histamine, shrimp, bacterial contamination
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Verma, Sweta, Ranganathan Ramani, Ramesh Chandra, and Hemant Kumar. "CULTURABLE ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA FROM THE INDIAN LAC INSECT, KERRIA LACCA (KERR)." Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59465/ijfr.2024.11.1.33-45.
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The Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) is a commercially important phytosuccivorous and sessile scale insect. Lac insects are cultured on suitable host plants in India and some Southeast Asian countries to produce lac. The lac insect harbours a number of endosymbionts. Isolation of culturable microbial endosymbionts and their identification through 16S rRNA has revealed sex and host-related differences of microbial species. Bacillus boroniphilus, Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus sp. were found only in the lac insects reared on the plant host Cajanus cajan, whereas Bacillus firmus, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Bacillus horneckiae and Bacillus velezensis were recorded only from Flemingia macrophylla. B. firmus and L. xylanilyticus were female-specific and B. horneckiae and B. velezensis were male-specific with Flemingia macrophylla as host; E. cloacae was female-specific and Bacillus boroniphilus and Staphylococcus sp. were male specific with C. cajan. Biochemical characteristics of the isolates, their genetic relationship with their taxonomic kin and their probable role, based on the information available about these endosymbionts in other hosts, have been studied.
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Hossain, M. Iqbal, and M. Nural Anwar. "Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Tannery Effluents." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 1 (2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i1.28430.
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The aim and objective of the study was to isolate and characterize heavy metal tolerant microorganisms from tannery effluents. Six effluent samples were collected aseptically and their physical and chemical parameters were determined. A total of 40 bacterial colonies were isolated from these effluent samples. Among them, six bacterial isolates were characterized provisionally as Alcaligenes aquamarinus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas alcaligens and Pseudomonas mendocina based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The survibality and tolerance to heavy metals (Cr and Cu) of these isolates were examined. All the isolates were found to grow at high concentration of CuSO4 (95ppm/ml) and varying degrees of chromium (K2Cr2O7). The highest tolerance was shown by Alcaligenes aquamarinus. These heavy metal tolerant organisms could be potential agents for bioremediation of heavy metals polluted environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 23-26
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Zolfaghari, Roghayeh, Payam Fayyaz, Forough Dalvand, and Rasool Rezaei. "The first report of Quercus brantii dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Zagros forests, Iran." Folia Forestalia Polonica 66, no. 4 (2024): 394–402. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0030.
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Abstract In recent years, the decline of Brant’s oak, the main and most important tree of Zagros, is widespread. Considering the importance of oak trees, this study aims to identify the causal agent of the oak decline. Eight bacterial strains were isolated from infected tissues of oak trees, and these eight isolates have been identified by phenotypic characteristics. Three of eight isolates induced typical hypersensitive reactions on tobacco leaves, suggesting that they were pathogenic. Also, they were characterized as circular, gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase negative, and catalase positive. The phenotypic and biochemical tests suggested that they belonged to the genus Entrobacter spp. One isolate (isolate Q1) exhibited amplification by PCR and was selected for the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of this isolate showed ≥ 93% similarity to the Enterobacter cloacae complex. While a combination of biochemical and physiological characteristics in combination with DNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate Q1 is Lelliottia nimipressuralis. Pathogenicity test and Koch’s postulates on the healthy seedlings and observing the symptoms confirmed that the isolate Q1 was the causal agent of the wetwood disease on Quercus brantii. This is the first report of oak dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Iran.
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Aabed, Kawther, Nadine Moubayed, Abrar Motlak, et al. "A Comparison of Human Gut Microbiota and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli Isolates in Saudi Adults Undergoing Bariatric Surgery." BioMedica 36, no. 2 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24911/biomedica/5-124.
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<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Human gut harbors a diverse community of more than 100 trillion microbial cells that play an important role in human metabolism, physiology, immune function, and nutrition. Similarly, disruptions to the composition of this population can be linked with gastrointestinal conditions,such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the microbial community characteristics among obese, normal-weight and post-gastric bariatric surgerypatients.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifteen healthy adults, who were classified into (1) normal-weight (n=5) (2) obese (n=5) according to their Body mass index (BMI) and (3) post-bariatric surgery (n=5) groups. Gut microbiota from fecal samples were profiled by the streak plate method and theconstituent populationswere identified by biochemical analysis (Vitek2). Finally, specific bacterial strains were identified via molecular techniques, such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, the antimicrobial sensitivity of E. coli strains isolated from healthy adults was evaluated to determine the pathogenic strains.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The findings revealed that gut microbiota diversity increased following bariatric surgery, whereby84.6% of increased bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria, especially Escherichia coli (member of Gammaproteobacteria). The main bacterial groups in individuals that underwent bariatric surgery were Gemella morbillorum, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia odorifera, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus gallinarum, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The main bacterial groups in the normal-weight group were Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Proteus<br />mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Finally, in obese individuals, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus gallinarum and Escherichia coli were the main bacterial groups.Conclusion: These results indicate that inducing changes in the gut microbiota may be a relevant therapeutic approach for obesity and other metabolic defects.</p>
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Safirzadeh, Saeed, Mostafa Chorom, and Naeimeh Enayatizamir. "Effect of phosphate solubilising bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) on phosphorus uptake efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)." Soil Research 57, no. 4 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18128.
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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in sustainable production of sugarcane. Due to low labile P in soil under sugarcane cultivation, evaluation of the efficiency of P uptake and the application of phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) play important roles in management of P fertiliser. To investigate the effect of using PSB on P uptake in sugarcane (variety CP57–614), a pot experiment was conducted with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The treatments were a combination of three P rates (0 (P0), 50 and 100% (~40 mg kg−1) as triple superphosphate, and two PSB strains (Enterobacter cloacae R13 (R13) and R33 (R33)) which were applied independently and simultaneously. Morphological characteristics of sugarcane and some biochemical parameters were evaluated in the rhizosphere at three harvesting times: 60, 95 and 140 days after planting (DAP). Whereas in low available P (P0), bacterial strain R33 improved P uptake along with sugarcane ageing, P uptake was diminished in non-inoculated treatment over time. Activity of PSBs in the rhizosphere (especially strain R33) prevented the sharp fall of P influx after 95 DAP in low available P condition. Indeed, activity of R33 in the rhizosphere decreased the dependence of P uptake on root development via improving P uptake. Therefore, influx was the main mechanism of P uptake in sugarcane. Sugarcane inoculated by PSBs acquired 76 and 81% of total P uptake from non-Olsen-P fraction in P0R13 and P0R33 respectively at 95 DAP. However, this amount was lower (70.4%) in P0R0. Furthermore, strain R33 improved P uptake efficiency in sugarcane by changing root morphology (e.g. specific root length and root length) and reducing soil limitations (e.g. enhancement of P compound solubility and P influx).
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Ohkusu, Kiyofumi. "Cost-Effective and Rapid Presumptive Identification of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Routine Urine, Pus, and Stool Cultures: Evaluation of the Use of CHROMagar Orientation Medium in Conjunction with Simple Biochemical Tests." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4586-4592.2000.
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The algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on CHROMagar Orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (IND), lysine decarboxylase (LDC), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, IND positive (IND+), Escherichia coli; metallic blue, IND+, LDC+, and ODC negative (ODC−), Klebsiella oxytoca; IND+, LDC−, and ODC+,Citrobacter diversus; IND+ or IND−, LDC−, and ODC−,Citrobacter freundii; IND−, LDC+, and ODC+, Enterobacter aerogenes; IND−, LDC−, and ODC+,Enterobacter cloacae; IND−, LDC+, and ODC−, Klebsiella pneumoniae; diffuse brown and IND+, Morganella morganii; IND−, Proteus mirabilis; aqua blue,Serratia marcescens; bluish green and IND+,Proteus vulgaris; transparent yellow-green, serology positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; clear and serology positive, Salmonella sp.; other colors and reactions, the organism was identified by the full identification methods. The accuracy and cost-effectiveness of this new system were prospectively evaluated. During an 8-month period, a total of 345 specimens yielded one or more gram-negative bacilli. A total of 472 gram-negative bacillus isolates were detected on CHROMagar Orientation medium. For 466 of the isolates (98.7%), no discrepancies in the results were obtained on the basis of the identification algorithm. The cost of identification of gram-negative bacilli during this period was reduced by about 70%. The results of this trial for the differentiation of the most commonly encountered gram-negative pathogens in clinical specimens with the new algorithm were favourable in that it permitted reliable detection and presumptive identification. In addition, this rapid identification system not only significantly reduced costs but it also improved the daily work flow within the clinical microbiology laboratory.
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Lateef, E. O., T. T. Banjo, T. C. Dunkwu, H. O. Okodogbe, and O. M. Olabode. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Pond Catfish in Ketu Adie-Owe, Ado-Odo Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE 05, no. 01 (2025): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14678438.
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The increasing number of fish ponds in Nigeria is driven by the demand for fish and fishery products. Catfish, specifically <em>Clarias gariepinus</em>, is popular for cultivation due to its economic significance. However, bacterial infections pose a threat to the health of catfish in these ponds, resulting in the need for antibiotic usage. This study is aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pond catfish. This study involved isolating bacteria from the catfish skin and intestine, analyzing their biochemical characteristics, and conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Fungi present in the catfish samples were also identified. The Gram-negative isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, revealing the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. The findings contribute to the understanding of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture and highlight the need for appropriate management strategies. The bacterial load in different catfish samples was examined through total plate counts and dilution effects. The results revealed variations in colony counts and CFU/ml values among the samples, with the highest bacterial load observed in the skin of large catfish. The bacterial load observed in the skin of catfish ranged from 4.7 X 10<sup>3 </sup>CFU/ml to 9.8 X 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml, while the bacterial load observed in the intestine of catfish ranged from 3.1 X 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml to 5.4 X 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml. Biochemical testing identified specific organisms, including <em>Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter brakii, Citrobacter freundii,</em> and <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em>. Varying resistance patterns emphasize the need for careful antibiotic use and infection control in catfish aquaculture. Therefore, continuous monitoring and preventive measures are recommended.
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Agbo, Bassey E., Francisca Adie, Atoyebi B. Abdulraheem, Daniel O. Etim, and Grace O. Daniel. "Evaluation of the Potability of Water Sources in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 29 (December 15, 2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/abmic2021-v2-p9.
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Studies on the bacteriological and physico-chemical characteristics of different water sources in Yakurr, Cross River State, Nigeria was carried out using American Public Health Association standard procedures for physico-chemical analyses of water and standard biochemical and microbiological protocol for the analysis of water for faecal and total coliform enumeration. Average temperature, pH, turbidity and conductivity of the samples ranged from 26.90+0.02°C-27.88+0.02°C; 5.00+0.02-6.38+0.03; 3.05+0.01NTU-30.41+0.01NTU and 29.01+0.01μs/cm-72.76+0.01μs/cm respectively. BOD5, TDS and iron concentration ranged from 6.00+0.02mg/l-10.69+0.01mg/l; 18.24+0.01mg/l-43.63+0.03mg/l and 0.32+0.01mg/l-1.51+0.01mg/l respectively. Total coliform count of the sample from Kesekpang-Ekori had the highest value of 78.00+3.61cfu/100ml, followed by Sokol-Ugep and Mgbeke-Mkpani samples with values of 62.00+3.00cfu/100ml and 38.33+2.52cfu/100ml respectively. The sample from Nkinforna had the least coliform count of 10.00+2.00cfu/100ml. Sample from Ekori River had the highest THBC value of 2.13+0.31x106cfu/ml, Kesekpang-Ekori and Sokol-Ugep samples had 1.10+0.17x106cfu/ml and 1.03+0.06x106cfu/ml respectively. Mgbeke-Mkpani sample had the least valve of 7.00+1.00x105cfu/ml. A total of nine bacterial species were isolated, they were Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia maecesen, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Micrococcus leteus. The study had revealed a high level of poor quality sources of water in Yakurr and makes need for urgent health intervention by relevant body. Keywords: Potability, water quality, bacteriological quality, physico-chemical characteristics and total coliform count
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Ryandini, Dini, Hendro Pramono, and Sukanto Sukanto. "Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces SAE4034 Isolated from Segara Anakan Mangrove Rhizosphere against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12896.
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Actinomycetes SAE4034 isolates was isolated from Rhizophora apiculata rhizosphere mud showed some antibacterial properties. The antibacterial ability of this isolate has not been tested on antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, there was no research has been reported regarding actinomycetes from Segara Anakan mangrove area resulting compounds inhibit the growth of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to investigate its capability against antibiotics resistant bacteria or multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). The research aimed to know the ability of actinomycetes SAE4034 in inhibit MDR bacteria and to identify the species profiles. The research methods included isolate characterization involving morphology, physiology/enzymatic and molecular properties. MDR bacterial inhibition assay, antibacterial compound extraction and antibacterial compound test using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observation of morphological and biochemical properties, DNA isolation, amplification and analysis of 16SrRNA sequence, and phylogeny tree analysis. The methods of this study included MDR anti-bacterial assay and antibacterial compound test. Subsequent step was isolate characterization including observation of morphological and physiological / enzymatic properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp., but no inhibition to Enterobacter cloacae. The bioactive compound showed 4 spots with Rf values of 0.36; 0.45; 0.54; and 0.6. Based on morphology, physiology / enzymatic and 16S rRNA gene sequences characteristics, actinomycetes SAE4034 isolate is Streptomyces sp. This research showed new Streptomyces strain that serves as a source of MDR antibacterial compounds and useful in development of antibiotic for combating infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria
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Rhodes, A. N., J. W. Urbance, H. Youga, et al. "Identification of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Intestinal Contents Associated with 12,000-Year-Old Mastodon Remains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (1998): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.651-658.1998.
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ABSTRACT Mastodon (Mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. Two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in Ohio and Michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. Macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material radiocarbon dated to approximately 11,500 years before the present and thought to be incompletely digested food remains from this extinct mammal. We attempted to cultivate and identify bacteria from the intestinal contents, bone-associated sediments, and sediments not in proximity to the remains using a variety of general and selective media. In all, 295 isolates were cultivated, and 38 individual taxa were identified by fatty acid-methyl ester (FAME) profiles and biochemical characteristics (API-20E). The taxonomic positions of selected enteric and obligately anaerobic bacteria were confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Results indicate that the intestinal and bone-associated samples contained the greatest diversity of bacterial taxa and that members of the family Enterobacteriaceae represented 41% of all isolates and were predominant in the intestinal masses and sediments in proximity to the skeleton but were uncommon in the background sediments. Enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly identified isolate, and partial rDNA sequencing revealed thatRahnella aquatilis was the correct identity of strains suggested by FAME profiles to be Yersinia enterocolitica. No Bacteroides spp. or expected intestinal anaerobes were recovered. The only obligate anaerobes recovered were clostridia, and these were not recovered from the small intestinal masses. Microbiological evidence from this study supports other, macrobotanical data indicating the intestinal origin of these masses. Whether these organisms are direct descendants of the original intestinal microbiota, however, cannot be established.
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Borodina, Ekaterina, Lyudmila Asyakina, Larisa Proskuryakova, Maria Osintseva, Irina Milentyeva, and Aleksandr Prosekov. "The potential of using plant-growth-stimulating bacteria in phytoremediation of coal dumps." BIO Web of Conferences 82 (2024): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248206011.
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The process of phytoremediation holds great promise for repairing soils damaged by coal mining. Due to the extreme conditions typical of coal dumps, plants face undesirable consequences, which inevitably entail a decrease in the effectiveness of soil restoration. Research in the area of enhancing plant survival has demonstrated that the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms can be effective. These microorganisms must exhibit resistance to heavy metals in order to sustain their viability in polluted soils. The objective of this investigation was to identify growth-stimulating microorganisms that exhibit resistance to heavy metals and to examine their impact on plants under laboratory conditions. The investigation yielded the identification of 11 isolates from technogenic soils in the Kuzbass region. One of the strains demonstrated a low resistance to copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, thus excluding it from further investigation. The remaining 10 strains were examined for their growth-stimulating properties, including gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, cytokinin, and antioxidant activity. Based on the results of biological compatibility testing, two consortium variants were formed from the five most promising isolates. The utilization of these consortiums for the treatment of coal mine waste soils resulted in a higher survival rate of the grass mixture under laboratory conditions. Consortium № 1, which had isolates 1, 4, and 6 in a ratio of 1:1:1 at a concentration of 1:50, was the most effective. The microorganisms that were included in this consortium were identified based on their cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics as Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter geminorum, and Lelliottia amnigena. The strains obtained in this study have the potential to restore vegetation and soil fertility in coal mine waste areas. Further research will be conducted to investigate the impact of these strains on the accumulation of heavy metals. The consortium and the biopreparation developed on its basis will be examined under field conditions.
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Alzahrani, Othman M., Fakhur Uddin, Samy F. Mahmoud, Amal S. Alswat, Muhammad Sohail, and Mona Youssef. "Resistance to Some New Drugs and Prevalence of ESBL- and MBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Uropathogens Isolated from Diabetic Patients." Life 12, no. 12 (2022): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12122125.
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Diabetes is a leading non-communicable disease and a risk factor for relapsing infections. The current study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant (CR) uropathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae in diabetic patients. The data of 910 bacterial isolates was collected from diagnostic laboratories during January 2018 to December 2018. The bacterial isolates were identified using traditional methods including colonial characteristics, biochemical tests, and API (20E). Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic characterization of ESBL, MBLs, and KPC was determined by utilizing CLSI recommended methods. The phenotypically positive isolates were further analyzed for resistance-encoding genes by manual PCR and Check-MDR CT103XL microarray. Susceptibility to colistin and cefiderocol was tested in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The data revealed that most of the patients were suffering from type 2 diabetes for a duration of more than a year and with uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently encountered pathogens, followed by Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis. More than 50% of the isolates showed resistance to 22 antibiotics, with the highest resistance (>80%) against tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefazolin. The uropathogens showed less resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics, including amikacin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin. In the phenotypic assays, 495 (54.3%) isolates were found to be ESBL producers, while ESBL-TEM and -PER were the most prevalent ESBL types. The resistance to carbapenems was slightly less (250; 27.5%) than ESBL producers, yet more common amongst E. coli isolates. MBL production was a common feature in carbapenem-resistant isolates (71.2%); genotypic characterization also validated this trend. The isolates were found to be sensitive against the new drugs, cefiderocol and eravacycline. with 7–28% resistance, except for P. mirabilis which had 100% resistance against eravacycline. This study concludes that a few types of ESBL and carbapenemases are common in the uropathogens isolated from the diabetic patients, and antibiotic stewardship programs need to be revisited, particularly to cure UTIs in diabetic patients.
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Bennett, William, Katrin Mende, Wesley R. Campbell, et al. "Enterobacter cloacae infection characteristics and outcomes in battlefield trauma patients." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290735.
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Enterobacter cloacae is a Gram-negative rod with multidrug-resistant potential due to chromosomally-induced AmpC β-lactamase. We evaluated characteristics, antibiotic utilization, and outcomes associated with battlefield-related E. cloacae infections (2009–2014). Single initial and serial E. cloacae isolates (≥24 hours from initial isolate from any site) associated with a clinical infection were examined. Susceptibility profiles of initial isolates in the serial isolation group were contrasted against last isolate recovered. Characteristics of 112 patients with E. cloacae infections (63 [56%] with single initial isolation; 49 [44%] with serial isolation) were compared to 509 patients with bacterial infections not attributed to E. cloacae. E. cloacae patients sustained more blast trauma (78%) compared to non-E. cloacae infections patients (75%; p<0.001); however, injury severity scores were comparable (median of 34.5 and 33, respectively; p = 0.334). Patients with E. cloacae infections had greater shock indices (median 1.07 vs 0.92; p = 0.005) and required more initial blood products (15 vs. 14 units; p = 0.032) compared to patients with non-E. cloacae infections. Although E. cloacae patients had less intensive care unit admissions (80% vs. 90% with non-E. cloacae infection patients; p = 0.007), they did have more operating room visits (5 vs. 4; p = 0.001), longer duration of antibiotic therapy (43.5 vs. 34 days; p<0.001), and lengthier hospitalizations (57 vs. 44 days; p<0.001). Patients with serial E. cloacae had isolation of infecting isolates sooner than patients with single initial E. cloacae (median of 5 vs. 8 days post-injury; p = 0.046); however, outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. Statistically significant resistance to individual antibiotics did not develop between initial and last isolates in the serial isolation group. Despite current combat care and surgical prophylaxis guidelines recommending upfront provision of AmpC-inducing antibiotics, clinical outcomes did not differ nor did significant antibiotic resistance develop in patients who experienced serial isolation of E. cloacae versus single initial isolation.
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Pontes, Daniela Santos, Cláudia Iracema Lima-Bittencourt, Marcela Santiago Pacheco Azevedo, Edmar Chartone-Souza, and Andréa Maria Amaral Nascimento. "Phenotypic and genetic analysis of Enterobacter spp. from a Brazilian oligotrophic freshwater lake." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 8 (2007): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-060.
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We characterized a population of Enterobacter spp. of the Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated from an oligotrophic lake; most isolates were identified as E. cloacae. Fingerprinting polymerase chain reaction (PCR), along with morphological, biochemical, physiological, and plasmid profiles analyses, including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, were performed on 22 environmental isolates. Misidentification occurred when using the API 20E identification system. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences confirmed the close relatedness between species of the E. cloacae complex. The tDNA PCR allowed the differentiation and identification of the E. cloacae isolates. Evaluation of genetic diversity by 16S rDNA sequence, tDNA, internal transcribed spacers, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic concensus profiles revealed nearly identical isolates, although they exhibited different physiological and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Among the Enterobacter isolates, 96% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; multiple resistance was also found at a high frequency (86%). The antimicrobials against which resistance was found most frequently were β-lactams, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Plasmids were found in 21 of the 22 Enterobacter isolates. This confirms the conception that antibiotic resistance can occur in oligotrophic freshwater lake bacteria, which has important implications for public health.
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Sui, Yewei, Hongsheng Lu, Zhenhua Hu, and Cuijing Zhang. "Adsorption and Reduction of Heavy Metal Cr (VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD and Its Kinetics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2393, no. 1 (2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2393/1/012001.
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Abstract Chromium contamination is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants. Degradation of highly toxic Cr(VI) by microbial remediation technology can open up a new way for environmentally friendly and efficient chromium pollution control. The adsorption and reduction kinetics of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD were studied by the adsorption and reduction experiments of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD. The mechanism of adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae SKD was revealed, and the characteristics of adsorption and reduction were determined. The results showed that the R2 value of the Langmuir model of chromium adsorption by Enterobacter cloacae SKD was 0.989, which was higher than the R2 value of the Freundlich model of 0.656, and the adsorption isotherm model was more consistent with the Langmuir model. Enterobacter cloacae SKD conformed to the second-order adsorption kinetic model, which indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Enterobacter cloacae was mainly chemical adsorption. The reduction kinetics of Cr(VI) is more in line with the second-order kinetic model. Through the study of the heavy metal chromium adsorption reduction mechanism, the theoretical basis was provided for the practical application of the late heavy metal chromium pollution organism restoration.
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Inas S. Mohammed, Sussain S. Hussain, and Rajwa H. Essa. "Molecular study of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from leukemia patients." Biomedicine 42, no. 3 (2022): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i3.1580.
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Introduction and Aim: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S rRNA and virulence genes associated with Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) has been used as a rapid method for the identification of the pathogen Enterobacter cloacae in leukemia patients. Rapid diagnosis of this pathogen becomes necessary for starting a proper treatment in these patients. In the current study, we aimed to isolate Enterobacter cloacae from leukemia patients and study the TSSS genes associated with these isolates using molecular methods. Materials and Methods: E. cloacae isolates identified using biochemical tests was molecular confirmed by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genomic DNA extracted was also subjected to the Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) associated virulence genes escV and ascV using specific primers. Results: 30 (23.07%) out of the 130 blood samples tested in this study were identified as E. cloaca by biochemical tests. Further confirmation using molecular methods showed only 11 of these isolates to be 16S rRNA positive. Few of these isolates were positive for the TTSS associated ASCV gene of the samples positive for presence of the ascV gene. All strains were negative for the escV gene. Conclusion: PCR is the best technique in comparison with other conventional methods for the diagnosis of E. cloacae in leukemia patients because of its safety, high sensitivity, specificity, and speed.
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Bouige, A., C. Fourcade, A. Bicart-See, et al. "Characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae prosthetic joint infections." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 49, no. 7 (2019): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2018.12.002.
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Zhu, Bo, Miao-Miao Lou, Guan-Lin Xie, et al. "Enterobacter mori sp. nov., associated with bacterial wilt on Morus alba L." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 11 (2011): 2769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.028613-0.
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Two isolates of mulberry-pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased mulberry roots were investigated in a polyphasic taxonomic study. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis combined with rpoB gene sequence analysis allocated strains R18-2T and R3-3 to the genus Enterobacter, with Enterobacter asburiae, E. amnigenus, E. cancerogenus, E. cloacae subsp. cloacae, E. cloacae subsp. dissolvens and E. nimipressuralis as their closest relatives. Cells of the isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods, 0.3–1.0 µm wide and 0.8–2.0 µm long, with peritrichous flagella, showing a DNA G+C content of 55.1±0.5 mol%. Calculation of a similarity index based on phenotypic features and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis suggested that these isolates are members of E. cancerogenus or E. asburiae or a closely related species. Biochemical data revealed that the isolates could be differentiated from their nearest neighbours by the presence of lysine decarboxylase activity and their ability to utilize d-arabitol. DNA–DNA relatedness also distinguished the two isolates from phylogenetically closely related Enterobacter strains. Based on these data, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Enterobacter, named Enterobacter mori sp. nov. The type strain is R18-2T ( = CGMCC 1.10322T = LMG 25706T).
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Hoffmann, Harald, and Andreas Roggenkamp. "Population Genetics of the Nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 9 (2003): 5306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.9.5306-5318.2003.
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ABSTRACT The genetic heterogeneity of the nomenspecies Enterobacter cloacae is well known. Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter dissolvens, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter kobei, and Enterobacter nimipressuralis are closely related to it and are subsumed in the so-called E. cloacae complex. DNA-DNA hybridization studies performed previously identified at least five DNA-relatedness groups of this complex. In order to analyze the genetic structure and the phylogenetic relationships between the clusters of the nomenspecies E. cloacae, 206 strains collected from 22 hospitals, a veterinarian, and an agricultural center in 11 countries plus all 13 type strains of the genus and reference strain CDC 1347-71R were examined with a combination of sequence and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses of the three housekeeping genes hsp60, rpoB, and hemB as well as ampC, the gene of a class C β-lactamase. Based on the neighbor-joining tree of the hsp60 sequences, 12 genetic clusters (I to XII) and an unstable sequence crowd (xiii) were identified. The robustness of the genetic clusters was confirmed by analyses of rpoB and hemB sequences and ampC PCR-RFLPs. Sequence crowd xiii split into two groups after rpoB analysis. Only three strains formed a cluster with the type strain of E. cloacae, indicating that the minority of isolates identified as E. cloacae truly belong to the species; 13% of strains grouped with other type strains of the genus, suggesting that the phenotypes of these species seem to be more heterogeneous than so far believed. Three clusters represented 70% of strains, but none of them included a type or reference strain. The genetic clustering presented in this study might serve as a framework for future studies dealing with taxonomic, evolutionary, epidemiological, or pathogenetic characteristics of bacteria belonging to the E. cloacae complex.
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Esraa, Sufyan Nohad, and Hamid Hassan Muthanna. "Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter cloacae from Anbar hospitals." Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 7, Special Issue (2023): 701–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10367341.
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This study aimed for isolation and Identification of the <i>E. cloacae</i> from clinical sources. The results showed that fifteen isolates out of 150 samples were all <i>E.cloacae</i> identified by morphological, microscopic, and biochemical tests and confirmed by Vitek II system. These results showed a correlation between OMPs (OmpA, OmpX, OmpF, Ompc) and antibiotic resistance in ECC clinical isolates. The OmpX gene was present in each isolate, while 12 isolates were positive for the OmpA gene, and ten isolates were positive for the OmpF, and OmpC genes. The isolates were β- lactam; cephalosporin resistance exhibited resistance to Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, meropenem, Amoxicillin/clavulanic, Ertapenem, and Imipenem tested antibiotics accordingly could be categorized as MDR, These findings suggested the possible establishment of multi-drug resistance <i>Enterobacter</i> bacteria in clinical settings.
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Nishijima, K. A., A. M. Alvarez, P. R. Hepperly, et al. "Association of Enterobacter cloacae with Rhizome Rot of Edible Ginger in Hawaii." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (2004): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1318.
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Edible ginger is a popular spice crop that is grown in Hawaii primarily for the fresh market, and as such, rhizome quality is of paramount importance. In our studies, a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium was consistently isolated from decayed as well as symptomless ginger rhizomes. The bacterium was identified as Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical assays and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rot symptoms, which usually occurred in the central cylinder of the rhizome, were characterized by yellowish-brown to brown discolored tissue and firm to spongy texture. In inoculation experiments, ginger strains of E. cloacae produced basal stem and root rot, with foliar chlorosis and necrosis in tissue-cultured ginger plantlets, and discolored and spongy tissue in mature ginger rhizome slices and whole segments. In other hosts, ginger strains of E. cloacae caused internal yellowing of ripe papaya fruit and internal rot of onion bulbs. All strains that caused symptoms in inoculated plants were reisolated and identified as E. cloacae. Our studies suggest that E. cloacae can exist as an endophyte of ginger rhizomes, and under conditions that are favorable for bacterial growth, or host susceptibility, including maturity of tissues, rhizome rot may occur. Rhizome quality may be impacted by the presence of E. cloacae under conditions such as high temperature, high relative humidity, and low oxygen atmosphere that may affect the development of decay, and such conditions should be avoided during post-harvest handling and storage. The association of E. cloacae with a rhizome rot of ginger is a new finding.
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Khajuria, Atul, Ashok Kumar Praharaj, Mahadevan Kumar, and Naveen Grover. "Carbapenem Resistance among Enterobacter Species in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India." Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2014 (August 10, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/972646.
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Objective. To detect genes encoding carbapenem resistance among Enterobacter species in a tertiary care hospital in central India. Methods. Bacterial identification of Enterobacter spp. isolates from various clinical specimens in patients admitted to intensive care units was performed by routine conventional microbial culture and biochemical tests using standard recommended techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. PCR amplification and automated sequencing was carried out. Transfer of resistance genes was determined by conjugation. Results. A total of 70/130 (53.84%) isolates of Enterobacter spp. were found to exhibit reduced susceptibility to imipenem (diameter of zones of inhibition ≤13 mm) by disc diffusion method. Among 70 isolates tested, 48 (68.57%) isolates showed MIC values for imipenem and meropenem ranging from 32 to 64 mg/L as per CLSI breakpoints. All of these 70 isolates were found susceptible to colistin in vitro as per MIC breakpoints (<0.5 mg/L). PCR carried out on these 48 MBL (IP/IPI) E-test positive isolates (12 Enterobacter aerogenes, 31 Enterobacter cloacae, and 05 Enterobacter cloacae complex) was validated by sequencing for beta-lactam resistance genes and result was interpreted accordingly. Conclusion. The study showed MBL production as an important mechanism in carbapenem resistance in Enterobacter spp. and interspecies transfer of these genes through plasmids suggesting early detection by molecular methods.
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Mbula, Jummai, Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami, Philip Anthony Vantsawa, et al. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Enterobacter cloacae from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections in Biu, North Eastern Nigeria, Borno State." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 23, no. 5 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i5721.
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) represent a significant, widespread, and expensive public health issue owing to their high frequency and the associated health challenges on pregnant women. This study aimed to isolate, molecularly identify Enterobacter cloacae strains from pregnant women with Urinary tract infections in some General Hospitals in Biu, Borno State. A total of 250 vaginal swabs from pregnant women who attended Antenatal Care Unit whose age ranges from 15 to 45 years were recruited using a well-designed questionnaire by random sampling technique. Gram-staining, culture, and wet microscopy were employed to check the presence of bacterial pathogens in the samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to further validate the results. The degree of relatedness of the organism was determined using NCBI software. The result revealed that 167 representing 66.8% of the total samples studied showed significant bacterial growth. The ascending order of the percentage of the bacterial agents isolated include: Enterobacter cloacae 47 (28.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 36 (21.6%), Escherichia coli 23 (13.8%), Proteus mirabillis 19 (11.4%), Staphylococcus epidermis 15 (9.0%), Staphylococcus aureus14 (8.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (7.8%). The result of the demographic factors showed that 17 (36.2%) of pregnant women infected within the age of 15–20 years had Enterobacter cloacae. Illiterate pregnant women were 19 (40.4%), unemployed pregnant women were 29 (61.7%), those in their third trimester (27-40 weeks) were 24 (51.1%), women who had 7 and above pregnancies 25 (53.2%), symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women within the age of 15–20 years 19 (40.4%), and rural dwellers 33 (70.2%). This study also demonstrated culture technique as the best biochemical method for isolation of bacterial agents compared to wet mount and microscopic Gram-staining isolation method. It can be concluded that there is a 66.8% prevalence of Enterobacter cloacae in Biu LGA of Borno State.
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Souhila, Benmaghnia, Boukhannoufa Asma, Meddah Boumediene, and Tir-Touil Aicha. "Antimicrobial activity of dried fig (Ficus carica L.) extracts from the region of Mascara (Western Algeria) on Enterobacter cloacae identified by MALDI-TOF/MS." European Journal of Biological Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 234–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4641370.
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<em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> is currently known as a urinary tract infection agent, especially in hospitals recognized by its resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin’s, which makes it a target for different works in order to find natural and definitive means of fight and treatment. Their limited biochemical reactivity and their different morphotypes is a real obstacle to their identification by conventional phenotypic means. 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing is highly successful for bacterial identification. However, in recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time in flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a very valid technique for the identification and diagnosis of microorganisms. Our study aims to identify three bacteria belonging to the <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> species isolated from various environments by the MALDI-TOF/MS method and then to study their antimicrobial activity against some extracts of dried figs of <em>Ficus carica</em> fruits grown in the mascara region (western Algeria). The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) shows a significant inhibition of the activity of <em>E. cloacae</em> by the methanolic extract of El-Keurt variety at 2.34 mg/ml of extract. This study seems to give good guidance for the use of dried figs against <em>Enterobacter</em> infections.
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Then, R. L., R. L. Charnas, H. P. Kocher, M. Manneberg, U. Rothlisberger, and J. Stocker. "Biochemical Characterization of Type A and Type B -Lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae." Clinical Infectious Diseases 10, no. 4 (1988): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/10.4.714.
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Hafiz, Taghreed A., Alaa Albloshi, Ohoud S. Alhumaidan, et al. "The Epidemiological Pattern, Resistance Characteristics and Clinical Outcome of Enterobacter cloacae: Recent Updates and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 11, no. 3 (2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030312.
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Objectives: E. cloacae is an opportunistic organism that causes serious infections, particularly in immuno-compromised and hospitalized patients, along with the emergence of resistance traits. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the epidemiological pattern and resistance traits of E. cloacae infections as well as those of other bacteria. The study aims to assess the epidemiological patterns, resistance characteristics and clinical outcomes of E. cloacae in Saudi Arabia and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh provided the data between January 2019 and December 2021 for the retrospective study of 638 isolates of E. cloacae. The clinical outcome of an E. cloacae infection was also determined by collecting and statistically analyzing the clinical records of 153 ICU patients. Results: The total percentage of resistant E. cloacae isolates decreased from 48.36% in 2019 to 38% in 2020 and 37.6% in 2021. The overall mortality rate among ICU patients was 40.5%, with an adult age group having a substantial relative risk value of 1.37. Conclusion: E. cloacae is a prevalent nosocomial infection in which adult age is a significant risk factor for mortality. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of comparing E. cloacae resistance trends before and throughout the pandemic period in order to better understand the bacteria’s behaviour.
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Mukuna, Winnie, Abdullah Ibn Mafiz, Bharat Pokharel, Aniume Tobenna, and Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge. "Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Milk Alternatives." Foods 10, no. 12 (2021): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123070.
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The consumption of non-dairy milk is on the rise due to health benefits. Although there is increasing inclination towards milk alternatives (MA), there is limited data on antibiotic resistant bacteria in these substitutes. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from MA. A total of 138 extracts from almonds (n = 63), cashew nuts (n = 36), and soybeans (n = 39) were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae. The identification of the bacteria was based on biochemical and PCR methods. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Overall, 31% (43 of 138) of extracts were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Ten bacterial species were identified, of which Enterobacter cloacae (42.7%) and Enterobacter cancerogenus (35.4%) were the most predominant species (p < 0.05). Antibiotic resistance was exhibited to vancomycin (88.3%), novobiocin (83.8%), erythromycin (81.1%), which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in tetracycline (59.5%), cefpodoxime (30.6%), and nalidixic acid (6.3%). There was no resistance displayed to kanamycin and imipenem. ERY-NOV-VAN-TET and ERY-NOV-CEP-VAN-TET were the most common resistant patterns displayed by Enterobacter cloacae. The findings of this study suggest that MAs, though considered healthy, may be a reservoir of multidrug resistant opportunist pathogens.
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Afsharian, Mandana, Somayeh Asadi, Camellia Danesh, et al. "The Abundance of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Enterobacter cloacae Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Kermanshah, Iran." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2024 (April 8, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8849097.
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Background. Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is one of the most common Enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been considered recently. This study evaluated the abundance of PMQR genes in strains of E. cloacae obtained from clinical samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, after collecting 113 isolates of E. cloacae, their identity was confirmed using specific biochemical tests. After determining their drug resistance patterns using disc diffusion, the phenotypic frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates was measured by the double-disk synergy test (DDST) method. The isolates were examined for the presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results. The antibiotic resistance rate of E. cloacae isolates varied from 9.7% to 60.2%; among them, 78% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest quinolone resistance was observed in ESBL-producing strains of E. cloacae. The frequency of positive isolates for PMQR and ESBL was 79.6% and 57.5%, respectively. The genes aac(6′)-ib-cr (70.8%) and qnrB (38.1%) had the highest frequency among other genes. The number of isolates simultaneously carrying 2 and 3 genes was 64 and 5 isolates, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate a high degree of quinolone resistance among ESBL-producing E. cloacae strains. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between the PMQR gene and ESBL-positive isolates. Therefore, special attention should be paid to molecular epidemiological studies on antibiotic resistance to quinolones and beta-lactamases in these strains.
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N’Tcha, Christine, Haziz Sina, Dyana Ndiade Bourobou, et al. "Resistance and Biofilm Production Profile of Potential Isolated from Kpètè-Kpètè Used to Produce Traditional Fermented Beer." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (2023): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081939.
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This study aimed to characterize the pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from the starter of two traditional beers produced and consumed in Benin. After standard microbial identification, species were identified by specific biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, and API 20 E. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested according to the French Society of Microbiology Antibiogram Committee. The crystal violet microplate technique evaluated the biofilm production and conventional PCR was used to identify genes encoding virulence and macrolide resistance. According to our data, the traditional starter known as kpètè-kpètè that is used to produce beer is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci species. Thus, 28.43% of the isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and 10.93% coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). Six species such as Klebsiella terrigena (1.38%), Enterobacter aerogens (4.14%), Providencia rettgeri (5.51%), Chryseomonas luteola (6.89%), Serratia rubidae (15.16%), and Enterobacter cloacae (27.56%) were identified among Enterobacteriaceae. Those bacterial strains are multi-resistant to conventional antibiotics. The hight capability of produced biofilms was recorded with Enterobacter aerogens, Klebsiella terrigena (100%), Providencia rettgeri (75%), and Staphylococcus spp (60%). Enterobacter cloacae (4%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5.55%) harbor the macrolide resistance gene. For other strains, these genes were not detected. Foods contaminated with bacteria resistant to antibiotics and carrying a virulence gene could constitute a potential public health problem. There is a need to increase awareness campaigns on hygiene rules in preparing and selling these traditional beers.
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Mushtaq, Shazad, Rosy Reynolds, Michael C. Gilmore, et al. "Inherent colistin resistance in genogroups of the Enterobacter cloacae complex: epidemiological, genetic and biochemical analysis from the BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programme." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 9 (2020): 2452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa201.
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Abstract Background Polymyxins have re-entered use against problem Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance rates are uncertain, with estimates confounded by selective testing. Methods The BSAC Resistance Surveillance Programme has routinely tested colistin since 2010; we reviewed data up to 2017 for relevant Enterobacterales (n = 10 914). Unexpectedly frequent resistance was seen among the Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates (n = 1749); for these, we investigated relationships to species, genome, carbon source utilization and LPS structure. Results Annual colistin resistance rates among E. cloacae complex isolates were 4.4%–20%, with a rising trend among bloodstream organisms; in contrast, annual rates for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. (including K. aerogenes) generally remained &lt;2%. WGS split the E. cloacae complex isolates into seven genogroup clusters, designated A–G. Among isolates assigned to genogroups A–D, 47/50 sequenced were colistin resistant, and many of those belonging to genogroups A–C identified as E. asburiae. Isolates belonging to genogroups E–G consistently identified as E. cloacae and were rarely (only 3/45 representatives sequenced) colistin resistant. Genogroups F and G, the predominant colistin-susceptible clusters, were metabolically distinct from other clusters, notably regarding utilization or not of l-fucose, formic acid, d-serine, adonitol, myo-inositol, l-lyxose and polysorbates. LPS from resistant organisms grown without colistin pressure lacked substitutions with 4-amino-arabinose or ethanolamine but was more structurally complex, with more molecular species present. Conclusions Colistin resistance is frequent in the E. cloacae complex and increasing among bloodstream isolates. It is associated with: (i) particular genomic and metabolic clusters; (ii) identification as E. asburiae; and (iii) with more complex LPS architectures.
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Anita Tudu, Ghazala Shaheen, Vinay Oraon, and Latika Sharan. "Isolation, characterization and identification of root nodule bacteria from Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 1 (2024): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0780.
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The present study was conducted to characterize the native plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) from the nodules of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. The seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum was grown in two different soils i.e., sterile and non-sterile soil and four bacterial isolates were isolated. The bacterial isolates were characterised on the basis of morphological and different biochemical analysis. Phylogenetic identification was done on the basis of 16S rRNA analysis. Four isolates obtained belongs to Bacillus velezensis and Enterobacter cloacae.
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Tri, Yahya Budiarso, Amarantini Charis, Restiani Ratih, et al. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae Isolates from Ready-to-eat Foods Using API 20E." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 5, Sep & Oct 2021 (2021): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5734017.
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<em>Ready-to-eat foods have become a global concern because they are a source of income for low and middle-income people. Also, they constitute the main food for students and lower to middle-level workers. However, a lack of knowledge about good food processing practices results in microbial contamination that interferes with human health. Enterobacter cloacae is one of the most common bacterial contaminants found in ready-to-eat foods in many countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify E. cloacae using the API 20E kit on ready-to-eat foods in Yogyakarta city and its surroundings. Subsequently, 115 samples of 10 types of food were collected from various locations for isolation and identification of the contaminant. The results showed that 7 foods were found to be contaminated, with processed egg products having the highest contamination level at 40%. This was followed by various snacks and packaged dairy products at 30% each, then skewered meatballs, and other processed food products, at 20% and 10%, respectively. Meanwhile, dumplings, potato products, and assorted iced drinks were not contaminated by the bacteria</em>
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Suman, Sonal, and Tanuja. "Isolation and Characterization of a Bacterial Strain Enterobacter cloacae (Accession No. KX438060.1) Capable of Degrading DDTs Under Aerobic Conditions and Its Use in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil." Microbiology Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863612110242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786361211024289.
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DDT is one of the most persistent pesticides among all the different types of organo-chlorine pesticides used. Among all the degradation methods, bacterial degradation of DDT is most effective. The present study was conducted to isolate different bacteria present in waste samples which have the ability to degrade DDT present in the soil in the minimum possible period of time and to observe the effect of different physical and chemical properties of the soil samples. Many pesticide degrading bacteria were isolated and identified through cultural, biochemical tests and further identified by 16S RNA sequencing method. The most potent strain DDT 1 growth in mineral salt medium supplemented with DDT as the only source of carbon (5-100 PPM) and was monitored at an optical density of 600 nm. The growth parameters at different physio-chemical conditions were further optimized. The result showed that Enterobacter cloacae had maximum growth in 15 days. FTIR analysis of the residual DDT after 15 days incubation showed that Enterobacter cloacae was able to degrade pesticide into its further metabolites of DDD, DDE, DDNU and other components can be used for biodegradation of DDT present in contaminated soil and water ecosystems.
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Abed, Bassam Ali, and Hussein Ali Khyoon. "Study the effect aqueous and alcoholic extracts of green tea on some bacterial isolates from infections of urinary tracts." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2011): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i14046.
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Collected 100 samples from patients infected with generation of urinary tract infection acute and chronic, isolated 85 bacterial isolates them, and diagnosed to the following types using biochemical tests and test the API, has been diagnosed by the E.coli (20%), K.pneumoniae (15%), and the genus Enterobacter cloacae (10%), and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), while the isolates were positive for the dye Cram One was Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis by (8%). Isolates tested for sensitivity (10) an antibiotic, bacterial isolates have shown a difference in the rates of resistance to these antibiotics. Bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of the most frequency in urinary tract infections and their resistance to the impact of antibiotics that are: (E. coli and K.pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae and Ps.aeruginosa and, Staph.aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). The selection effect of water and alcoholic extracts of green tea leaves in the growth of the isolates at concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100) mg / ml. The results showed that alcoholic extract of the plant cold green tea is more efficient than the other extracts influencing on the growth of pathogenic bacteria by used (The Agar – Well Diffusion Method).
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Abed, Bassam Ali, and Hussein Ali Khyoon. "Study the effect aqueous and alcoholic extracts of green tea on some bacterial isolates from infections of urinary tracts." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2011): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i14046.
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Collected 100 samples from patients infected with generation of urinary tract infection acute and chronic, isolated 85 bacterial isolates them, and diagnosed to the following types using biochemical tests and test the API, has been diagnosed by the E.coli (20%), K.pneumoniae (15%), and the genus Enterobacter cloacae (10%), and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), while the isolates were positive for the dye Cram One was Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis by (8%). Isolates tested for sensitivity (10) an antibiotic, bacterial isolates have shown a difference in the rates of resistance to these antibiotics. Bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of the most frequency in urinary tract infections and their resistance to the impact of antibiotics that are: (E. coli and K.pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae and Ps.aeruginosa and, Staph.aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis). The selection effect of water and alcoholic extracts of green tea leaves in the growth of the isolates at concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100) mg / ml. The results showed that alcoholic extract of the plant cold green tea is more efficient than the other extracts influencing on the growth of pathogenic bacteria by used (The Agar – Well Diffusion Method).
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Ali, Baber, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, et al. "PGPR-Mediated Salt Tolerance in Maize by Modulating Plant Physiology, Antioxidant Defense, Compatible Solutes Accumulation and Bio-Surfactant Producing Genes." Plants 11, no. 3 (2022): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030345.
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Salinity stress is a barrier to crop production, quality yield, and sustainable agriculture. The current study investigated the plant growth promotion, biochemical and molecular characterization of bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae PM23 under salinity stress (i.e., 0, 300, 600, and 900 mM). E. cloacae PM23 showed tolerance of up to 3 M NaCl when subjected to salinity stress. Antibiotic-resistant Iturin C (ItuC) and bio-surfactant-producing genes (sfp and srfAA) were amplified in E. cloacae PM23, indicating its multi-stress resistance potential under biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX and SOD) helped to mitigate salinity stress and improved plant growth. Inoculation of E. cloacae PM23 enhanced plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments under salinity stress. Bacterial strain E. cloacae PM23 showed distinctive salinity tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, ACC deaminase, and exopolysaccharides production under salinity stress. To alleviate salinity stress, E. cloacae PM23 inoculation enhanced radical scavenging capacity, relative water content, soluble sugars, proteins, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in maize compared to uninoculated (control) plants. Moreover, elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectants (Free amino acids, glycine betaine, and proline) were noticed in E. cloacae PM23 inoculated plants compared to control plants. The inoculation of E. cloacae PM23 significantly reduced oxidative stress markers under salinity stress. These findings suggest that multi-stress tolerant E. cloacae PM23 could enhance plant growth by mitigating salt stress and provide a baseline and ecofriendly approach to address salinity stress for sustainable agriculture.
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Guo, Long-Jie, Bin Zhao, Qiang An, and Meng Tian. "Characteristics of a Novel Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae Strain HNR." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 178, no. 5 (2015): 947–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1920-8.
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Bennett, William N., Joseph Yabes, Katrin Mende, Miriam Beckius, Azizur Rahman, and David Tribble. "788. Enterobacter cloacae Infection Characteristics and Outcomes in Military Personnel who Sustained Trauma in Iraq and Afghanistan." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S490—S491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.985.
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Abstract Background Enterobacter cloacae is a Gram-negative rod with chromosomally-induced Amp-C β-lactamase with multidrug-resistant potential. Joint Trauma System guidelines for treating combat wounds include prophylaxis with cefazolin and ertapenem, potent inducers of Amp-C. We evaluated clinical characteristics, antibiotic utilization, and outcomes associated with battlefield-related E. cloacae infections. Methods All initial solitary (those with single isolates) and serial E. cloacae isolates (≥24 hours from initial isolate from any site) were collected from the Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (6/2009-12/2014). Inclusion required E. cloacae isolation from a clinical infection. Amp-C-inducing β-lactams were classified based on induction potential and lability to the Amp-C β-lactamase as Amp-C induction levels. Results Of 653 E. cloacae isolates, 253 met inclusion criteria – 64 patients had only initial isolates, 54 patients had serial isolates. Patients were largely male (99%), median age 23 years (IQR 21-27), with injury severity score of 34 (IQR 24-45). Initial isolates were wound (70%), respiratory (22%), blood (7%), urine (1%), and other (1%). Patients commonly had blast injuries (89%), required ICU admission (95%), and had a median hospital stay of 57 days (IQR 39-82). Patients with serial isolates showed a trend towards earlier clinical infection (5 vs 8 days, P = 0.07). They were also less likely to receive carbapenems prior to E. cloacae isolation compared to those with only initial isolates (4% vs 38%) and more likely to receive 1st generation cephalosporins (79% vs 58%, P = 0.01). The serial isolate group received more days of 1st generation cephalosporins (median 6 days vs 2.5 days, P = 0.01). Cumulative antimicrobial therapy trended towards significance and was greater with the serial isolates (median 100 days vs 74 days, P = 0.08). There was no difference in number of surgical interventions between those with and without serial isolates (P = 0.54). Overall, 6 patients died. Conclusion E. cloacae infections after battlefield trauma were frequently encountered and associated with exposure to 1st generation cephalosporins. Serial infections did not correlate to worse patient outcomes but displayed a trend towards an overall greater duration of antibiotic use. Disclosures William N. Bennett, V, MD, Abbvie (Shareholder)Amgen (Shareholder)Nabriva (Shareholder)
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Shafeeq, Sulman, Xiaoda Wang, Heinrich Lünsdorf, Annelie Brauner, and Ute Römling. "Draft Genome Sequence of the Urinary Catheter Isolate Enterobacter ludwigii CEB04 with High Biofilm Forming Capacity." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040522.
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Enterobacter ludwigii is a fermentative Gram-negative environmental species and accidental human pathogen that belongs to the Enterobacter cloacae complex with the general characteristics of the genus Enterobacter. The clinical isolate E. ludwigii CEB04 was derived from a urinary tract catheter of an individual not suffering from catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The draft genome sequence of the high biofilm forming E. ludwigii CEB04 was determined by PacBio sequencing. The chromosome of E. ludwigii CEB04 is comprised of one contig of 4,892,375 bps containing 4596 predicted protein-coding genes and 120 noncoding RNAs. E. ludwigii CEB04 harbors several antimicrobial resistance markers and has an extended cyclic-di-GMP signaling network compared to Escherichia coli K-12.
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Fujie, Koichi, Tomohiko Tsuchida, Kohei Urano, and Hisao Ohtake. "DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOREACTOR SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHROMATE WASTEWATER USING ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE HO1." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (1994): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0110.
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A novel bioreactor system was developed for tbe simultaneous treatment of toxic and mutagenic hexavalent chromium (chromate) and high strengtb organic pollutants by introducing chromate-resistant and chromatereducing bacteria Enterobacter cloacae strain HO1. Growth and chromate reducing characteristics of E. cloacae HO1 were extensively investigated to setup the bioreactor system and to clarify the optimal operating conditions of it. To enrich active E. cloacae HO1 in the bioreactor, the aerated cultivation with oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) control was successfully applied. Chromate and organic substrates in the artificial wastewater and in the metal plating wastewater were satisfactorily removed in the bioreactor. The reduced chromate was removed by precipitation as chromium hydoxide from the wastewater. The rate of chromate reduction was as high as 500 mg-chromate/g-microbes as particulate organic carbon and 10-60 gchromate/m3.h in the bioreactor.