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Journal articles on the topic 'Enterobacter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Stock, I., and B. Wiedemann. "Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter gergoviae and Enterobacter sakazakii strains." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 8, no. 9 (2002): 564–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00413.x.

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2

AL-KHAROUSI, ZAHRA S., NEJIB GUIZANI, ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI та ISMAIL M. AL-BULUSHI. "Antibiotic Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and Characterization of their AmpC β-Lactamases". Journal of Food Protection 82, № 11 (2019): 1857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-089.

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ABSTRACT Enterobacteria may gain antibiotic resistance and be potent pathogens wherever they are present, including in fresh fruits and vegetables. This study tested the antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated from 13 types of local and imported fresh fruits and vegetables (n = 105), using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of AmpC β-lactamases were determined in cefoxitin-resistant isolates. Ten percent of the enterobacteria tested (n = 88) were pansusceptible, 74% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 16% were multidrug resistant. Enterobacteria isolates showed the highest antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (66%), cephalothin (57%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (33%), cefoxitin (31%), tetracycline (9%), nalidixic acid (7%), trimethoprim (6%), and kanamycin (5%). Three isolates showed intermediate resistance to the clinically important antibiotic imipenem. Escherichia coli isolated from lettuce exhibited multidrug resistance against five antibiotics. Fifteen isolates were confirmed to have AmpC β-lactamase, using the inhibitor-based test and the antagonism test; the latter test confirmed that the enzyme was an inducible type. Four types of ampC β-lactamase genes (CIT, EBC, FOX, and MOX) were detected in eight isolates: four Enterobacter cloacae isolates and one isolate each of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Enterobacter ludwigii. It was concluded that fresh fruits and vegetables might play a role as a source or vehicle for transferring antibiotic-resistant bacteria that might spread to other countries through exportation. The clinically significant AmpC β-lactamase was rarely documented in the literature on bacteria isolated from fruits and vegetables, and to our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of an inducible type in such commodities.

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3

Anne DAVIN-RÉGLI. "ENTEROBACTER." ACTUALITES PERMANENTES EN MICROBIOLOGIE CLINIQUE 19, no. 01 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/apmc.19.01.1528.

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Le genre Enterobacter comprend 20 espèces (tableau I).Enterobacter cloacae (espèce type du genre Enterobacter) et E.aerogenes sont les espèces les plus fréquemment isolées en cliniqueen France. Les études phylogénétiques ont permis de déclassertrois espèces, Enterobacter intermedius reclassé dans le genreKluyvera, Enterobacter dissolvens reclassé en tant que sous-espèced’Enterobacter cloacae et E. sakazakii dans le genre Cronobacteren 2007 (Iversen et al., 2007). Huit nouvelles espèces ont étédécrites sur la base de l’analyse du 16SrRNA ou du gène rpoB etsont issues d’extraits végétaux, de la rhizosphère des plantes oudu sol : Enterobacter ludwigii, E. radicintans, E. arachnidis, E.helveticus, E. mori, E. pulveris, E. soli et E. turicensis. Six des20 espèces d’Enterobacter, font partie du complexe Enterobactercloacae du fait de leur proximité phénotypique et génotypique.Précédemment, l’étude du complexe « Erwinia herbicola –Enterobacter agglomerans » a montré que le groupe était constituéen fait de nombreuses espèces dont certaines innominées (Beji etal., 1998). Mais une partie des espèces appartenant auparavant àce groupe ont été reclassées dans le genre Pantoea (Gavini et al.,1989). On exclut aussi du genre Enterobacter les espèces « vraies »d’Erwinia qui sont incapables de se développer à 35-37°C

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4

Ristuccia, Patricia A., and Burke A. Cunha. "Enterobacter." Infection Control 6, no. 3 (1985): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062810.

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The genus Enterobacter belongs to the tribe Klebsielleae found in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Members of this genus had previously been referred to as Aerobacter. The clinical importance of this genus as a separate entity was not fully appreciated until the 1960s. Until that time, the differentiation of Enterobacter from Klebsiella was not routinely performed, which resulted in many infections reported as being caused by the Klebsiella-Aerobacter group. Added confusion occurred at this time with the taxonomy change of Aerobacter to Enterobacter.

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5

Tursunboy qizi, Fozilova Sarvinoz, Ozodbekova Sitara Alisher qizi, Adilov Abdujabbor Abdukayumovich, and Bekchanova Mahfuza Rustamovna. "STUDY OF ANTIBODIES TO OPPORTUNISTIC ENTEROBACTERIA IN THE BLOOD OF ADULTS." European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, no. 8 (2024): 355–58. https://doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i8.890.

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Background: Opportunistic enterobacteria (OE), including various Gram-negative bacteria, are known to cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Specific Background: Despite their clinical relevance, there is limited data on the prevalence of antibodies against these bacteria in the general adult population. Knowledge Gap: The extent to which antibodies to opportunistic enterobacteria are present in serum samples from healthy adults has not been thoroughly investigated. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence and frequency of antibodies to seven types of Gram-negative opportunistic enterobacteria in adult serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The analysis revealed a significant prevalence of antibodies against the bacteria E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the subjects. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the widespread presence of antibodies to OE in a healthy adult population, highlighting previously underexplored immunological responses. Implications: These findings could enhance diagnostic approaches and inform treatment strategies for infections caused by opportunistic enterobacteria, potentially leading to improved management of such infections in clinical settings.

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6

Tunkel, Allan R., Michael J. Fisch, Andrew Schlein, and W. Michael Scheld. "Enterobacter Endocarditis." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 24, no. 2 (1992): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365549209052618.

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7

KARNAD, ANAND, SALVADOR ALVAREZ, and STEVEN L. BERK. "Enterobacter Pneumonia." Southern Medical Journal 80, no. 5 (1987): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198705000-00013.

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8

Pathengay, Avinash, Hemant S. Trehan, Annie Mathai, et al. "ENTEROBACTER ENDOPHTHALMITIS." Retina 32, no. 3 (2012): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0b013e3182205982.

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9

Bouza, Emilio. "Enterobacter Bacteremia." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 6 (1985): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360060080011.

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10

Bhadra, Bhaskar, Ashis Kumar Nanda, and Ranadhir Chakraborty. "Enterobacter nickelidurans sp. nov., a novel nickel tolerant enterobacteria isolated from Torsa river water of India." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 5, no. 1 (2011): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2011.v05i01.003.

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A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nickel-resistant bacterium, designated as strain NiVas 114', was isolated from waters of Torsa River in Hasimara, West Bengal, India. The strain NiVasl 14 possessing inducible nickel resistance can tolerate maximally 10mM nickel chloride. Southern blot assays of genomic DNA of NiVas 114 using probe(s) generated from known nickel resistance determinants (cnr/ ncc/ nrel nerí nir). under conditions of low stringency, produced no detectable signal except for cnrA gene of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 (formerly Alcaligenes eutropha CH34) in which weak hybridization signal occurred. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain NiVas 114 was identified as a member of y Proteobacteria, and the nearest phylogenetic relatives are Enterobacter hormaechei (98.6-98.5%) and Enterobacter cloacae (97.5-98.2 %). In the phylogenetic trees constructed with nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene, hsp60 gene and rpoB gene, strain NiVas 114" clustered with the subspecies of Enterobacter hormaechei. The strain showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 60 -63% with Enterobacter hormaechei subsp hormaechei, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwalti Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae and Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissobvens. The isolate NiVas 114 differed from the nearest phylogenetic relatives in terms of number of phenotypic characteristics. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the isolate was 59.5 +0.4 mol %. The predominant cellular faty acids of the isolate are C160, Summed feature 3 (comprises C16wTel 15 io 201) and C 18 w7ei hydroxy fatty acids are found in minor quantities. Thus, on the basis of biochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, DNA-DNA relatedness and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was recognized as a novel species of Enterobacter. for which the name Enterobacter nickellidurans sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain NiVas 114' (= LMG 23000 = CcUGSO594"= JCM13045").

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11

Amaretti, Alberto, Lucia Righini, Francesco Candeliere, et al. "Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors, Phenotyping, and Genotyping of Non-Escherichia coli Enterobacterales from the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Subjects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (2020): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051847.

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Non-Escherichia coli Enterobacterales (NECE) can colonize the human gut and may present virulence determinants and phenotypes that represent severe heath concerns. Most information is available for virulent NECE strains, isolated from patients with an ongoing infection, while the commensal NECE population of healthy subjects is understudied. In this study, 32 NECE strains were isolated from the feces of 20 healthy adults. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry attributed the isolates to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter kobei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Cronobacter sp., and Hafnia alvei, Morganella morganii, and Serratia liquefaciens. Multiplex PCR revealed that K. pneumoniae harbored virulence genes for adhesins (mrkD, ycfM, and kpn) and enterobactin (entB) and, in one case, also for yersiniabactin (ybtS, irp1, irp2, and fyuA). Virulence genes were less numerous in the other NECE species. Biofilm formation was spread across all the species, while curli and cellulose were mainly produced by Citrobacter and Enterobacter. Among the most common antibiotics, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the sole against which resistance was observed, only Klebsiella strains being susceptible. The NECE inhabiting the intestine of healthy subjects have traits that may pose a health threat, taking into account the possibility of horizontal gene transfer.

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12

Séraphin, Wognin Affou, Ouattara Mohamed Baguy, Traoré Gnamien Sylvain, Assi Clair Brice, and Koffi Rose Nevry. "Prevalence of Pathogenic Enterobacteria in Market Garden Produce Grown in the Peri-Urban Area of Abidjan, Ivory Coast." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 11, no. 10 (2023): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.004.

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This study, which is a contribution to national health surveillance of pathogens, was conducted to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in the market garden environment of Abidjan. To this end, samples of lettuce, irrigation water, manure and soil were taken from three (03) major market gardening sites in Abidjan. Microbiological analyses of these samples were carried out. The enterobacteria obtained after isolation were identified. The results revealed ten (10) bacterial genera belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, including 15 bacterial species in the samples of lettuce, irrigation water, manure and soil analysed. These included Salmonella enterica with serotypes (Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Arizonae, Salmonella Choleraesus), Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcesens, Serratia phymutica, Afnia alvei, Citrobacter freuidii Citrobacter diversus, Providencia alcalifasciens, Proteus vulgaris and Yersinia spp. The presence of these pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae indicates a potential risk associated with the consumption of lettuce produced in Abidjan. The Ivorian authorities should take preventive measures, such as educating market gardeners about the harmful effects of contaminated water used to irrigate vegetables, and the use of animal droppings as fertiliser to fertilise the soil, to avoid the future proliferation of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery among the population of Abidjan.

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13

Séraphin, WOGNIN Affou, TOULE Aubin Cyrille, TRAORÉ Sylvain Gnamien, ZADI Zohonon Marie Colombe, and KOFFI-NEVRY Rose. "Characterization of the blaCTX-M gene in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteria Isolated from Wastewater of the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Port-Bouët, Côte d'Ivoire." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 12, no. 10 (2024): 366–72. https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2024.v12i10.006.

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The objective of this study was to characterize the blaCTX-M gene in enterobacteria in wastewater from the Port-Bouët municipal slaughterhouse. For this purpose, 72 wastewater samples were collected. Bacteriological counts were carried out on VRBG medium supplemented with 2 mg/L ceftazidime. Germs were isolated and identified on UTI agar. Sensitivity tests were carried out with beta-lactam antibiotics (AMC, CAZ and IPM), fluoroquinolones (NA and CIP) and aminoglycosides (GM and AN). Enumerations showed high loads of resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ranging from 5.2 to 5.9 Log UFC/100mL. A total of 60 resistant strains of enterobacteria were isolated, including Escherichia coli (60%), Proteus vulgaris (21.67%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.33%), Enterobacter spp (6.67%) and Proteus mirabilis (3.33%). Sensitivity tests revealed 100% resistance in enterobacteria species to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and ceftazidime. Proteus vulgaris species showed high resistance to nalidixic acid (69.2%) and amikacin (46.1%). A search for the blaCTX-M resistance gene revealed that 46.1%, 55.6% and 50% of E. coli, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter spp species respectively carried this gene in their genomic DNA. The presence of resistant enterobacteria containing the blaCTX-M resistance gene isolated from wastewater at the Port-Bouët municipal slaughterhouse represents a threat to public health.

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14

Romanishina, T. A., A. R. Lakhman, O. Ye Galatiuk, V. L. Behas, and M. V. Zastulka. "Study of disinfectant activity against bee pathogenic enterobacteria in vitro." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (2024): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas7-1.07.

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Dysbiosis is a pathological condition caused by violating the normal coexistence of bacterial organisms in one or more body systems. This disease arises due to the action of many ethological factors, the mechanisms of which arise from each other. Klebsiellosis of bee colonies is a relatively new disease of Apis mellifera, caused by pathogenic enterobacteria, which leads to the mass death of bees with signs of acute dyspepsia, particularly in the spring and autumn periods. To prevent klebsiellosis in bees, it is necessary to carry out veterinary and sanitary measures in apiaries every year, including disinfection. Modern beekeeping encourages the search for new antibacterial drugs to ensure the production technology of safe and high-quality beekeeping products suitable for sale. Preliminary laboratory assessment (in vitro) of the effectiveness of disinfectants against specific pathogens of specific diseases of bees will ensure an increase in the effectiveness of such agents in apiaries, which is economically effective for practical beekeeping. The purpose of the research was to determine the activity of different concentrations of the disinfectant (0.25 %, 0.5 %, 1.25 %, 2.5 %) with an active substance of an organic nature with covalent weakly polar bonds against pure cultures of pathogenic enterobacteria of bees of the species Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes in vitro. The modified Kirby-Baur method on Mueller-Hinton agar was used for research. A bactericidal effect against a pure culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae species was registered after 24 hours with lysis zone diameters at 8.6 ± 0.27 mm (0.25 % concentration) – 15.0 ± 0.35 mm (2.5 % concentration). On the 3rd day of research, a bacteriostatic effect was registered with the largest diameter of the zone of growth retardation (24.4 ± 0.27 mm) at 2.5 % disinfectant concentration. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects were recorded on the culture of enterobacteria of bees of the species Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes for 24 hours of cultivation with zones of lysis – 6.8 ± 0.42 mm (0.25 %) – 11.8 ± 0.22 mm (2.5 %) and inhibition of bacterial growth at the level of – 21.8 ± 0.42 mm (0.25 %) – 25.8 ± 0.42 mm (2.5 %). At the same time, there was no significant difference between the zones of Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes growth retardation in concentrations of 0.5 % – 2.5 % on the 3rd day of research. The studied disinfectant has bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on pure cultures of bee enterobacteria of the species Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella (Enterobacter) aerogenes in laboratory conditions, which is promising for further study of the drug.

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Sutton, Granger G., Lauren M. Brinkac, Thomas H. Clarke, and Derrick E. Fouts. "Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes." F1000Research 7 (May 1, 2018): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14566.1.

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Background: The predominant species in clinical Enterobacter isolates is E. hormaechei. Many articles, clinicians, and GenBank submissions misname these strains as E. cloacae. The lack of sequenced type strains or named species/subspecies for some clades in the E. cloacae complex complicate the issue. Methods: The genomes of the type strains for Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae, E. hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii, and E. xiangfangensis, and two strains from Hoffmann clusters III and IV of the E. cloacae complex were sequenced. These genomes, the E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei type strain, and other available Enterobacter type strains were analysed in conjunction with all extant Enterobacter genomes in NCBI’s RefSeq using Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Results: There were five recognizable subspecies of E. hormaechei: E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., and the three previously known subspecies. One of the strains sequenced from the E. cloacae complex was not a novel E. hormaechei subspecies but rather a member of a clade of a novel species: E. roggenkampii sp. nov.. E. muelleri was determined to be a later heterotypic synonym of E. asburiae which should take precedence. Conclusion: The phylogeny of the Enterobacter genus, particularly the cloacae complex, was re-evaluated based on the type strain genome sequences and all other available Enterobacter genomes in RefSeq.

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Sutton, Granger G., Lauren M. Brinkac, Thomas H. Clarke, and Derrick E. Fouts. "Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes." F1000Research 7 (June 29, 2018): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14566.2.

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Background: The predominant species in clinical Enterobacter isolates is E. hormaechei. Many articles, clinicians, and GenBank submissions misname these strains as E. cloacae. The lack of sequenced type strains or named species/subspecies for some clades in the E. cloacae complex complicate the issue. Methods: The genomes of the type strains for Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae, E. hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii, and E. xiangfangensis, and two strains from Hoffmann clusters III and IV of the E. cloacae complex were sequenced. These genomes, the E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei type strain, and other available Enterobacter type strains were analysed in conjunction with all extant Enterobacter genomes in NCBI’s RefSeq using Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Results: There were five recognizable subspecies of E. hormaechei: E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., and the three previously known subspecies. One of the strains sequenced from the E. cloacae complex was not a novel E. hormaechei subspecies but rather a member of a clade of a novel species: E. roggenkampii sp. nov.. E. muelleri was determined to be a later heterotypic synonym of E. asburiae which should take precedence. Conclusion: The phylogeny of the Enterobacter genus, particularly the cloacae complex, was re-evaluated based on the type strain genome sequences and all other available Enterobacter genomes in RefSeq.

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Hoffmann, Harald, Sibylle Stindl, Wolfgang Ludwig, et al. "Reassignment of Enterobacter dissolvens to Enterobacter cloacae as E. cloacae subspecies dissolvens comb. nov. and emended description of Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter kobei." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 28, no. 3 (2005): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.010.

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Sachman-Ruíz, Bernardo, Arnoldo Wong-Villarreal, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, et al. "Nematicidal, Acaricidal and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Enterobacter Endophytic Strains and Identification of Genes Associated with These Biological Activities in the Genomes." Plants 11, no. 22 (2022): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223136.

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In the present study, the nematicidal and acaricidal activity of three Enterobacter endophytic strains isolated from Mimosa pudica nodules was evaluated. The percentages of mortality of Enterobacter NOD4 against Panagrellus redivivus was 81.2%, and against Nacobbus aberrans 70.1%, Enterobacter NOD8 72.4% and 62.5%, and Enterobacter NOD10 64.8% and 58.7%, respectively. While against the Tyrophagus putrescentiae mite, the mortality percentages were 68.2% due to Enterobacter NOD4, 64.3% due to Enterobacter NOD8 and 77.8% due to Enterobacter NOD10. On the other hand, the ability of the three Enterobacter strains to produce indole acetic acid and phosphate solubilization, characteristics related to plant growth-promoting bacteria, was detected. Bioinformatic analysis of the genomes showed the presence of genes related to IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Phylogenetic analyzes of the recA gene, phylogenomics, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) allowed us to identify the strain Enterobacter NOD8 related to E. mori and Enterobacter NOD10 as E. asburiae, while Enterobacter NOD4 was identified as a possible new species of this species. The plant growth-promoting, acaricidal and nematicidal activity of the three Enterobacter strains makes them a potential agent to include in biocontrol alternatives and as growth-promoting bacteria in crops of agricultural interest.

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Luzzaro, Francesco, Jean-Denis Docquier, Céline Colinon та ін. "Emergence in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae Clinical Isolates of the VIM-4 Metallo-β-Lactamase Encoded by a Conjugative Plasmid". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, № 2 (2004): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.648-650.2004.

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ABSTRACT Resistance to carbapenems is an emerging problem among gram-negative hospital pathogens. A transferable plasmid encoding the VIM-4 metallo-β-lactamase was detected in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae obtained from a single patient under carbapenem therapy. Thus, enterobacteria appear to increasingly contribute to the spread of VIM-type enzymes.

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Petrić, Jasenka, Brigita Hengl, Ivančica Kovaček, Ksenija Markov, Đurđica Ačkar, and Dražen Knežević. "Identification of bacteria species among Enterobacteriaceae found in confectionery cakes." Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam 18, no. 3-4 (2023): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31895/hcptbn.18.3-4.2.

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The goal of this research was to identify which Enterobacteriaceae species are present in cakes from confectionery establishments and whether these are species that can be considered pathogenic for humans and what their harmful impact on human health could be. The sampling of confectionery cakes was carried out in the area of the City of Zagreb, and the samples were analysed for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in accordance with the HRN ISO 21528-2:2017 standard. In cases where the samples contained the number of Enterobacteriaceae greater than 102 CFU/g, the MALDI-TOF method was used to identify individual species of enterobacteria. The results of the analyses determined the presence of 10 Enterobacteriaceae species: Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter asburiae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Buttiauxella gaviniae, Buttiauxella warmboldiae, Raoultella and Cedecea neteri. All species of Enterobacteriaceae determined in this research, according to the literature, were previously isolated from food or water, and all species except Buttiauxella warmboldiae were isolated from humans and the environment. However, for none of the species of Enterobacteriaceae determined in this research a literature reference to support food as a vehicle in case of human illness was found.

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Robicsek, A., J. Strahilevitz, D. F. Sahm, G. A. Jacoby, and D. C. Hooper. "qnr Prevalence in Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from the United States." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 8 (2006): 2872–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01647-05.

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ABSTRACT We screened 313 ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained in the United States from 1999 to 2004 for all three known qnr genes. A qnr gene was present in 20% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 31% of Enterobacter sp. isolates, and 4% of Escherichia coli isolates. qnrA and qnrB occurred with equivalent frequencies and, except for qnrB in enterobacters, were stable over time. qnrS was absent.

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Molochaeva, L. G., R. Kh Gairabekova, and E. M. Pshukova. "Biological Properties of Potential Pathorgenicity in Some Enterobacteria Isolated from Dairy Products." BIO Web of Conferences 57 (2023): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235701004.

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Opportunistic microorganisms, which often become the etiological agents of hospital infections, are currently widespread. This problem requires constant attention from specialists to the study of the ways of circulation of these bacteria in the environment, especially those species that have a fecal-oral mechanism of distribution.Studies aimed at detecting bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family in milk and dairy products produced in private backyards made it possible to isolate 252 cultures belonging to this family. Among the isolated enterobacteria were representatives of the species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica. Among these microorganisms there is a wide variety of strains that differ in ecological properties, range of hosts, pathogenicity for plants, animals and humans. A number of species cause gastrointestinal diseases, i.e. are enteropathogenic.

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23

Silva, Francisco, and TM Pabla Martínez O. "Complejo Enterobacter cloacae." Revista chilena de infectología 35, no. 3 (2018): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182018000300297.

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Blenn, Beatrice, and Ivo Beyaert. "Klebsiella und Enterobacter." Uro-News 25, no. 9 (2021): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00092-021-4660-9.

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Westerfeld, Corey, George N. Papaliodis, Irmgard Behlau, Marlene L. Durand, and Lucia Sobrin. "ENTEROBACTER AMNIGENUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS." Retinal Cases & Brief Reports 3, no. 4 (2009): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icb.0b013e31818a46c0.

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Porter, Paul, and Christopher C. Wray. "Enterobacter agglomerans Spondylodiscitis." Spine 25, no. 10 (2000): 1287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200005150-00015.

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Falkiner, F. R. "Enterobacter in hospital." Journal of Hospital Infection 20, no. 3 (1992): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(92)90081-v.

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28

Goodheart, Tim. "Enterobacter gergoviae bacteremia." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 10, no. 9 (1988): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(88)90052-9.

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Duceac, Letitia Doina, Constantin Marcu, Daniela Luminita Ichim, et al. "Antibiotic Molecules Involved in Increasing Microbial Resistance." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (2019): 2622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7392.

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Over the past two decades, the resistance to antibiotics, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, has increased at an alarming rate, requiring constant concern for resolving and controlling this extremely important therapeutic aspect in any medical department but in particular, in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units, in units of neonatology, paediatrics, neurosurgery, burned patients and immunosuppressed. Specialists note a particular concern for the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam, with a resistance profile frequently associated with the expression of extended-spectrum �-lactamases (ESBL). The Enterobacter genus comprises 14 species, but two are of medical interest, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae, which are involved in inducing healthcare-associated infections such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, bacteremia, septicemia, etc. The purpose of the study was to highlight the antibiotic molecules in which microbial resistance of some circulating strains of enterobacteria was detected. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted between 2012-2017, on a batch of 35 patients, admitted to the Sf. Maria Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children of Iasi, from whom various pathological products were collected to highlight the Enterobacter sp strains involved in the production of infections associated with the inpatient medical care. The antimicrobial sensitivity of each strain was determined by diffusimetric method, while the interpretation criteria were considered to be those of the laboratory standards. Most cases were reported in 2017 (31.42%). The majority were registered in new-borns (42.85%) and infants (25.71%). The Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units and Neonatology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Units departments were the most involved. Microbial antibacterial resistance of Enterobacter sp isolates showed that all manifested resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, 48.57% were resistant to Cefuroxime, 42.85% resistant to Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone, 14.28% to ciprofloxacin, 11.42% to ertapenem, 5.71% to Meronem. Although it showed relatively few cases with infections associated with healthcare in which strains of Enterobacter sp. were isolated our study, which was carried out over a period of 5 years, provides useful indications regarding the prevalence of healthcare associated infections with Enterobacter sp in paediatric patients and guidelines for antibiotic therapy.

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Stephan, Roger, Christopher J. Grim, Gopal R. Gopinath, et al. "Re-examination of the taxonomic status of Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus Cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera Franconibacter gen. nov. and Siccibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_10 (2014): 3402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059832-0.

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Recently, a taxonomical re-evaluation of the genus Enterobacter , based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, has led to the proposal that the species Enterobacter pulveris , Enterobacter helveticus and Enterobacter turicensis should be reclassified as novel species of the genus Cronobacter . In the present work, new genome-scale analyses, including average nucleotide identity, genome-scale phylogeny and k-mer analysis, coupled with previously reported DNA–DNA hybridization values and biochemical characterization strongly indicate that these three species of the genus Enterobacter are not members of the genus Cronobacter , nor do they belong to the re-evaluated genus Enterobacter . Furthermore, data from this polyphasic study indicated that all three species constitute two new genera. We propose reclassifying Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter helveticus in the genus Franconibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. (type strain 601/05T = LMG 24057T = DSM 19144T) and Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov. (type strain 513/05T = LMG 23732T = DSM 18396T), respectively, and Enterobacter turicensis in the genus Siccibacter gen. nov. as Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov. (type strain 508/05T = LMG 23730T = DSM 18397T).

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Shelenkov, A. A., A. A. Slavokhotova, L. V. Petrova, et al. "Whole genome and phenotypic analysis of clinical isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei." Infekcionnye bolezni 22, no. 4 (2024): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2024-4-69-75.

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The Enterobacter cloacae bacterial complex, which includes 7 species, is a group of opportunistic human pathogens that are frequent causative agents of healthcare-associated infections that are difficult to treat in hospital settings due to the rapid acquisition of resistance to most antimicrobials by these bacteria. Identification of the bacterial species in the complex is difficult without whole genome sequencing (WGS), and correct species identification influences the treatment regimen. Materials and methods. In the present study, phenotypic sensitivity analysis of two clinical isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei to 6 different antibiotics was performed using disk-diffusion method and WGS was performed to identify genetic determinants of resistance and pathogenicity factors. Results. WGS allowed us to assign the studied isolates to E. hormaechei, subspecies xiangfangensis. A comprehensive study of phenotypic and genomic resistance profiles was performed, revealing the presence of multidrug resistance in both isolates, including carbapenems in one of them. The presence of pathogenicity factors, including ompA and enterobactin synthesis genes, was also revealed. Conclusion. The data obtained contribute to epidemiological surveillance and investigation of genetic determinants of E. hormaechei resistance, and emphasize the importance of WGS application for these purposes and for the implementation of accurate species identification of pathogens from the E. cloacae complex. Key words: antibiotic resistance, carbapenems, full genome sequencing, Enterobacter

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Ohad, S., C. Block, V. Kravitz, et al. "Rapid identification of Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae genetic cluster III." Journal of Applied Microbiology 116, no. 5 (2014): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12439.

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Polyanina, А. S., I. B. Bykova, Е. S. Simonenko, N. R. Efimochkina, and S. А. Sheveleva. "Substantiation of ways to reduce contamination by bacteria of the genus Cronobacter of dry specialized products for baby food during their production." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2024): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.1.06.

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Prevention of morbidity in the child population from septic foodborne infections caused by the new bacterial pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii (according to the new classification - Cronobacter spp.) is becoming increasingly relevant due to an expanding contingent of susceptible individuals and the proven ability of low doses of the pathogen to quickly increase a population in dry specialized products for formula feeding after rehydration. In this regard, it is important to assess the risk of accumulation of thermoresistant coliform enterobacteria, including Cronobacter spp., in residual microflora of such products during their production in order to determine ways to minimize it. To identify a hazardous factor in specialized infant formula of domestic production, we summarized and analyzed expert data on contamination of 245 samples of infant formula and 182 cereals with the entire spectrum of coliform enterobacteria, which were previously identified as Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). Cronobacter spp. was detected in 4 samples of instant formula (1.6 %) in amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.5 CFU/g, which is above the hazardous level (≥ 0.003 CFU/g) for susceptible children. No pathogen was isolated from dry mixtures for cooking and instant porridges produced by dry mixing but the content of heat-resistant Enterobacter spp. was 10 times higher than those produced during the full cycle. Using a risk process model and assuming the content of coliforms in raw milk at the level of the regulated microbial number, probability of pathogen survival in dry mixtures was assessed under standard parameters of spray drying technology. The calculation results showed that under this scenario of raw material contamination, 0.3–0.5 CFU of heat-resistant E.sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) can be retained in 1 g of a finished product. This substantiates the necessity to introduce the strongest possible requirements for the microbiological quality of raw milk.

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Polyanina, А. S., I. B. Bykova, E. S. Simonenko, N. R. Efimochkina, and S. А. Sheveleva. "Substantiation of ways to reduce contamination by bacteria of the genus Cronobacter of dry specialized products for baby food during their production." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2024): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.1.06.eng.

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Prevention of morbidity in the child population from septic foodborne infections caused by the new bacterial pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii (according to the new classification - Cronobacter spp.) is becoming increasingly relevant due to an expanding contingent of susceptible individuals and the proven ability of low doses of the pathogen to quickly increase a population in dry specialized products for formula feeding after rehydration. In this regard, it is important to assess the risk of accumulation of thermoresistant coliform enterobacteria, including Cronobacter spp., in residual microflora of such products during their production in order to determine ways to minimize it. To identify a hazardous factor in specialized infant formula of domestic production, we summarized and analyzed expert data on contamination of 245 samples of infant formula and 182 cereals with the entire spectrum of coliform enterobacteria, which were previously identified as Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). Cronobacter spp. was detected in 4 samples of instant formula (1.6 %) in amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.5 CFU/g, which is above the hazardous level (≥ 0.003 CFU/g) for susceptible children. No pathogen was isolated from dry mixtures for cooking and instant porridges produced by dry mixing but the content of heat-resistant Enterobacter spp. was 10 times higher than those produced during the full cycle. Using a risk process model and assuming the content of coliforms in raw milk at the level of the regulated microbial number, probability of pathogen survival in dry mixtures was assessed under standard parameters of spray drying technology. The calculation results showed that under this scenario of raw material contamination, 0.3–0.5 CFU of heat-resistant E.sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) can be retained in 1 g of a finished product. This substantiates the necessity to introduce the strongest possible requirements for the microbiological quality of raw milk.

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35

Iwu, Chidozie Declan, Erika M. du Plessis, Lise Korsten, Nolonwabo Nontongana, and Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh. "Antibiogram Signatures of Some Enterobacteria Recovered from Irrigation Water and Agricultural Soil in two District Municipalities of South Africa." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (2020): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081206.

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiogram fingerprints of some Enterobacteria recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil in two District Municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard culture-based and molecular methods. The prevalent resistance patterns in the isolates follow the order: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium [tetracycline (92.3%), ampicillin (69.2%)]; Enterobacter cloacae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.6%), ampicillin (84.5%), cefuroxime (81.0%), nitrofurantoin (81%), and tetracycline (80.3%)]; Klebsiella pneumoniae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80.6%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cefuroxime (61.1%)]; and Klebsiella oxytoca [chloramphenicol (52.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (61.9%), ampicillin (61.9%), and nitrofurantoin (61.9%)]. Antibiotic resistance genes detected include tetC (86%), sulII (86%), and blaAmpC (29%) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium., tetA (23%), tetB (23%), tetC (12%), sulI (54%), sulII (54%), catII (71%), blaAmpC (86%), blaTEM (43%), and blaPER (17%) in Enterobacter cloacae., tetA (20%), tetC (20%), tetD (10%), sulI (9%), sulII (18%), FOX (11%) and CIT (11%)-type plasmid-mediated AmpC, blaTEM (11%), and blaSHV (5%) in Klebsiella pneumoniae and blaAmpC (18%) in Klebsiella oxytoca. Our findings document the occurrence of some antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteria in irrigation water and agricultural soil in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, thus serving as a potential threat to food safety.

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Lau, Yin Yin, Kah Yan How, Wai-Fong Yin, and Kok-Gan Chan. "Functional characterization of quorum sensing LuxR-type transcriptional regulator, EasR in Enterobacter asburiae strain L1." PeerJ 8 (October 21, 2020): e10068. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10068.

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Over the past decades, Enterobacter spp. have been identified as challenging and important pathogens. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteria especially those that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase has been a very worrying health crisis. Although efforts have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenicity of different Enterobacter spp., there is very little information associated with AHL-type QS mechanism in Enterobacter spp. Signaling via N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) is the most common quorum sensing (QS) mechanism utilized by Proteobacteria. A typical AHL-based QS system involves two key players: a luxI gene homolog to synthesize AHLs and a luxR gene homolog, an AHL-dependent transcriptional regulator. These signaling molecules enable inter-species and intra-species interaction in response to external stimuli according to population density. In our recent study, we reported the genome of AHL-producing bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae strain L1. Whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis revealed the presence of a pair of luxI/R genes responsible for AHL-type QS, designated as easI/R, in strain L1. In a QS system, a LuxR transcriptional protein detects and responds to the concentration of a specific AHL controlling gene expression. In E. asburiae strain L1, EasR protein binds to its cognate AHLs, N-butanoyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N–hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), modulating the expression of targeted genes. In this current work, we have cloned the 693 bp luxR homolog of strain L1 for further characterization. The functionality and specificity of EasR protein in response to different AHL signaling molecules to activate gene transcription were tested and validated with β-galactosidase assays. Higher β-galactosidase activities were detected for cells harboring EasR, indicating EasR is a functional transcriptional regulator. This is the first report documenting the cloning and characterization of transcriptional regulator, luxR homolog of E. asburiae.

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Kämpfer, Peter, John A. McInroy, and Stefanie P. Glaeser. "Enterobacter muelleri sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_11 (2015): 4093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000547.

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A beige-pigmented, oxidase-negative bacterial strain (JM-458T), isolated from a rhizosphere sample, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate were rod-shaped and stained Gram-negative. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JM-458T with sequences of the type strains of closely related species of the genus Enterobacter showed that it shared highest sequence similarity with Enterobacter mori (98.7 %), Enterobacter hormaechei (98.3 %), Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens, Enterobacter ludwigii and Enterobacter asburiae (all 98.2 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Enterobacter species were below 98 %. Multilocus sequence analysis based on concatenated partial rpoB, gyrB, infB and atpD gene sequences showed a clear distinction of strain JM-458T from its closest related type strains. The fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c as major components. DNA–DNA hybridizations between strain JM-458T and the type strains of E. mori, E. hormaechei and E. ludwigii resulted in relatedness values of 29 % (reciprocal 25 %), 24 % (reciprocal 43 %) and 16 % (reciprocal 17 %), respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization results together with multilocus sequence analysis results and differential biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain JM-458T represents a novel species of the genus Enterobacter, for which the name Enterobacter muelleri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JM-458T ( = DSM 29346T = CIP 110826T = LMG 28480T = CCM 8546T).

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Alaa Salim Hamzah. "Genetic study of relationship between resistance of Enterobacter aerugenes to some antibacterial agents and plasmid containinig." Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.207.

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The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the genetic resistance of Enterobacter aerugenes to some antibacterial agents, and its plasmid containing. For this purpose (70) samples of urine were collected from patients with clinically diagnosed urinary tract infection, there were (15) isolate Enterobacter aerugenes. The Antibiotic susceptibility test was used through using (11) antibiotics and resistance bacteria Enterobacter aerugenes was nitrofurantion ( 100% ) , trimethoprim ( 90 % ) , amikacin (35 % ) , norfloxacin (45% ) , cefotaxime (50 %) , ceftriaxon (38 %) , chloramphenecol (64 % ) , imipenem (10 % ) , doxocyclin (80 % ) , gentamycin (58 % ) and ciprofloxacin (53 %) . The data indicated the increase infection of urinary tract infection that caused by Enterobacter aerugenes . There are two antibiotics nitrofurantion and trimethoprim must not use to treatment against Enterobacter aerugenes in the future because the bacteria gave high resistance these antibiotics. The resistance of Enterobacter aerugenes to antibiotics used in this study linked with increasing bounds of plasmid.

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39

Peretyatko, O. G., Yu. A. Yagnyuk, N. I. Sklyar, G. M. Bolshakova, and T. V. Kholodna. "Beta-lactamases of enterobacteria: general characteristics, mechanisms and regional features of distribution." Annals of Mechnikov Institute, no. 3 (September 12, 2022): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7070850.

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The problem of the formation and spread of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in clinically significant types of microorganisms is extremely important, since β-lactams traditionally form the basis of the treatment of bacterial infections. Special attention of antibiotic resistance researchers is directed to the microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, namely, to pathogens such as <em>Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., K. pneumoniae, E. coli,</em> which are capable of producing a wide range of β-lactamases. Since the discovery of the first beta-lactamase in the 1960s, these enzymes have evolved, and today several hundred types of beta-lactamases have been discovered, but new varieties of them are constantly emerging and the dominant groups of these enzymes are changing. It has been discovered that some members of the Enterobacteriaceae family (<em>Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Providencia spp.)</em> have the ability to produce chromosomal cephalosporinases characterized by high affinity to 3rd generation cephalosporins. However, enterobacteria (<em>Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.,</em> etc.) most often contain beta-lactamases of the TEM and SHV genetic groups, which are associated with plasmids and are responsible for the formation of resistance to penicillins and early cephalosporins, as well as the STX-M group responsible for resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. According to a number of researchers, the main groups of the β-lactamase family, represented by plasmid-mediated narrow-spectrum (NSBL) and extended-spectrum (ESBL) beta-lactamases, as well as AmpC cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, are spread throughout the world, however, predominance of specific beta-lactamases in certain geographical regions is observed. For example, while CTX-M enzymes are spread in all regions, serine carbapenemases are most often found in China, in the countries of North and South America and the Mediterranean, and metallo-betalactamases - in the Indonesian region and in the countries of Eastern Europe. In the countries of the Baltic region, the leading mechanism of resistance of enterobacteria to cephalosporins is the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) of the CTX-M class. Similar patterns of beta-lactamase genes distribution among clinical strains of enterobacteria were found in Spain, where the share of strains carrying the blaCTX-M gene was 93,3%. Significant spread of clinical strains of enterobacteria with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, especially ESBL-producing strains, necessitates constant monitoring of beta-lactam resistance and investigation of regional features of its distribution.

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40

Roca Villanueva, Bernardino, M. L. Peris, C. Chumillas, and José Manuel González Darder. "Meningitis por Enterobacter cloacae." Revista de Neurología 29, no. 10 (1999): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.2910.99452.

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41

John, Joseph F., and William R. Jarvis. "Enterobacter Plasmids: Molecular Epidemiology." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 16, no. 2 (1995): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30140941.

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42

IGIMI, Shizunobu. "Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii)." Japanese Journal of Food Microbiology 27, no. 2 (2010): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5803/jsfm.27.75.

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Cha, Seung Woo, Jeong Nam Heo, Choong-Ki Park, Yo Won Choi, and Seok Chol Jeon. "Enterobacter AsburiaePneumonia with Cavitation." Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 68, no. 3 (2013): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2013.68.3.217.

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Hadidi, Fadi A., Faris G. Bakri, Rawan A. Abu Mughli, et al. "Postpartum Enterobacter Pyogenic Sacroiliitis." JBJS Case Connector 3, no. 1 (2013): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.l.00129.

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John, Joseph F., and William R. Jarvis. "Enterobacter Plasmids: Molecular Epidemiology." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 16, no. 2 (1995): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/647055.

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Gürses, Nuran. "ENTEROBACTER SEPTICEMIA IN NEONATES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14, no. 7 (1995): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199507000-00027.

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47

Nazarowec-White, M., and J. M. Farber. "Enterobacter sakazakii: a review." International Journal of Food Microbiology 34, no. 2 (1997): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(96)01172-5.

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Hall, Andrew B., Alan Dukes, and Jacob Anderson. "Enterobacter cancerogenus in Trauma." American Surgeon 78, no. 9 (2012): 1016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800949.

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Reina, J., and P. Alomar. "Enterobacter taylorae wound infection." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 11, no. 17 (1989): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(89)90020-2.

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Abbott, Sharon L., and J. Michael Janda. "Enterobacter cancerogenus(“Enterobacter taylorae”): Infections Associated With Severe Trauma or Crush Injuries." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 107, no. 3 (1997): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/107.3.359.

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