Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entérobactéries – Effets des médicaments'
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Grenet, Karine. "Evolution de la sensibilité des entérobactéries aux quinolones au sein du groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 1992-1998." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P180.
Full textSimonet, Valérie. "Porines bactériennes et sensibilité aux antibiotiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30048.
Full textChanal, Catherine. "Les bêta-lactamases à spectre élargi de type ceftazidimase isolées au CHU de Clermont-Ferrand : aspects microbiologiques, enzymatiques, génétiques et épidémiologiques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114808.
Full textDandrieu, Elisabeth. "Mutants céphalosporinase déréprimée et résistance aux béta-lactamines." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P067.
Full textNicolas-Chanoine, Marie-Hélène. "Étude génétique de la résistance aux céphalosporines de troisième génération chez "Enterobacter cloacae" et "Klebsiella pneumoniae"." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114818.
Full textVitale, Laurent. "Etude comparative de l'activité antibactérienne in vitro de huit bêta-lactamines sur les trois espèces d'entérobactéries du groupe 3 les plus fréquemment isolées en clinique." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P185.
Full textPichavant, Corinne. "Médicaments et œil : effets indésirables ophtalmiques des médicaments et effets systémiques des collyres." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P088.
Full textTomasino, Jean-Marc. "Les effets indésirables digestifs des médicaments." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P124.
Full textBarbeau, Martin. "Coût des effets indésirables des médicaments antihypertenseurs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26153.pdf.
Full textVincent, Etienne. "Les médicaments phototoxiques oraux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P048.
Full textBellón, Molina Víctor. "Prédiction personalisée des effets secondaires indésirables de médicaments." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM023/document.
Full textAdverse drug reaction (ADR) is a serious concern that has important health and economical repercussions. Between 1.9%-2.3% of the hospitalized patients suffer from ADR, and the annual cost of ADR have been estimated to be of 400 million euros in Germany alone. Furthermore, ADRs can cause the withdrawal of a drug from the market, which can cause up to millions of dollars of losses to the pharmaceutical industry.Multiple studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the response of the patients to their treatment. This covers not only the response in terms of the intended main effect, but also % according toin terms of potential side effects. The complexity of predicting drug response suggests that machine learning could bring new tools and techniques for understanding ADR.In this doctoral thesis, we study different problems related to drug response prediction, based on the genetic characteristics of patients.We frame them through multitask machine learning frameworks, which combine all data available for related problems in order to solve them at the same time.We propose a novel model for multitask linear prediction that uses task descriptors to select relevant features and make predictions with better performance as state-of-the-art algorithms. Finally, we study strategies for increasing the stability of the selected features, in order to improve interpretability for biological applications
Valli, Marc. "Approche pharmacologique des effets neuroendocriniens des médicaments psychotropes." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA061008.
Full textPapadopoulou, Barbara. "Dissémination des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les entérobactéries et Campylobacter." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114815.
Full textOlaitan, Abiola Olumuyiwa. "Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5030/document.
Full textAmong one of the greatest threats facing public health worldwide, antibiotic resistance is at the forefront. This is partly due to increase in infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial as well as the current dwindling number of new antibiotics. In a way to address this unfortunate situation, there have been recent resuscitation of old and abandoned antibiotics such as polymyxins. Colistin, a member of polymyxin antibiotics, is now regarded as a 'last-resort' antibiotic for the treatment of severe Gram-negative bacterial infections owing to its potent action against these pathogens. However, resistance to colistin among these pathogens has emerged in several countries and is currently on increase. Due to the relatively new reintroduction of this antibiotic, there is a lack of comprehensive information on its pharmacological properties as well as mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance against it.In order to bridge this information gap in relation to the mechanism of resistance, we therefore undertook this project. First, to carry out an epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant bacteria in humans and domesticated animals and secondly, to decipher the molecular mechanisms mediating colistin resistance among the isolated resistant bacteria
Corpet, Denis. "Résistance aux antibiotiques des bactéries intestinales de l'homme : origine non-iatrogène." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114829.
Full textAllen, Bruno. "Mécanismes d'action des médicaments anti-arythmiques." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P013.
Full textDumas, Frédéric. "Mécanisme d'action des médicaments antimitotiques." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25145.
Full textFlorez, Suarez Edson Alejandro. "Détection des effets indésirables des médicaments dans les notes cliniques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4034.
Full textThe Information Extraction from clinical notes provides relevant information to identify adverse side effects in post-marketing surveillance of medications (Pharmacovigilance), which is more difficult to discover by traditional medical studies since patients are taking several treatments at the same time. In recent years, data mining techniques have allowed to discover knowledge stored in big datasets, such as the clinical records collected by hospitals throughout patient's life. The goal of this work is identify adverse side effects caused by treatments. Then, we have to identify relations between medications and Adverse Drug Events (ADE) entities, which is called Adverse Drug Reaction relation. This problem is divided Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Relation Extraction tasks. Nowadays, supervised approaches based on Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms solve this problem in the state of the art. These supervised systems require rich features in order to learn efficient models during training, therefore, we focus on building comprehensive word representations (the input of the neural network), using character-based word representations and word representations. The proposed representation improves the performance of the baseline model, and the final model reached the performances of state of the art methods. Then we have extracted contextual information through Deep Learning models and other different features obtained from the relations, in order to identify the Adverse Drug Reaction relations. The proposed model improved the overall accuracy and the extraction of Adverse Drug Reaction compared to the baseline, indicating the effectiveness of combining Deep Learning models and extensive feature engineering
Cornaire, Gilles. "Etude des effets des excipients pharmaceutiques sur l'absorption des médicaments par interaction avec la P-glycoprotéine." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30063.
Full textGossein, Catherine. "L'alcool et les médicaments : leurs intéractions." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P171.
Full textMoreau, Caroline. "Pharmacogénétique des antagonistes de la vitamine K dans des populations particulières : l'exemple des patients âgés, des enfants et des patients résistants." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P628.
Full textThe use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is challenging because of their narrow therapeutic index and a large inter-individual variability. Pauci data were available regarding the relative contribution of pharmacogenetic and non-genetic factors to VKA response in special populations (elderly, children, resistant patients). In two cohorts of elderly patients receiving warfarin (n=300) or fluindione (n=156), genetic factors were the main determinants of the maintenance dose explaining »20% of the variability versus »10% for non-genetic factors. The variables significantly associated with the maintenance dose were VKORC1/CYP2C9/CYP4F2/EPHX1 and age for warfarin, and VKORC1/ABCB1/CYP4F2, weight and amiodarone intake for fluindione (multivariate analysis). During warfarin initiation, VKORC1 genotype had a strong predictive value for warfarin sensitivity. When building prediction models of the warfarin dose, VKORC1/CYP2C9 were the best predictors before initiation whereas their contribution was negligible once INR value was available after starting warfarin using a standardized regimen. In a children cohort (n=120), height and VKORC1/CYP2C9 were the main determinants of warfarin dose requirement explaining 70% of the variability, accounting for 48% and 20%, respectively. Among the 100 resistant patients referred to us for analysis, only 30 patients were carriers of VKORC1 mutations for which in vitro functional characterization was performed. Our results suggest the involvement of other genetic factors in VKA resistance. Pharmacogenetics will help for the development of personalized medicine, but what is the clinical usefulness of systematic genotyping in VKA management?
Montastruc-Depoutre, Sophie. "Droit, information et médicaments." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10033.
Full textDrugs are important topics in pharmaceutical law. Drugs are not a consummation product like others since their main goal is to improve human health. Thus, their development and use require specific rigorous regulations. Since several years, drug information is largely discussed by patients and their associations. Drug information appears to be now one of the most important questions of public health. The French Mediator® affair underlines the specific problems about drug information. Pharmaceutical law intents to give practical responses to this topic, including the specific characteristics of the involved product, drug. However, although pharmaceutical law brought some important answers, several difficulties still persist today, thus allowing the potential occurrence of other Mediator® affairs
Philipon, de La Madelaine Louis. "La bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi SHV-2, connue chez les entérobactéries, est également présente chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P192.
Full textTrout, Hervé. "Pharmacocinétique de population et absorption digestive de médicaments du SIDA : application aux antiviraux et médicaments associés." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P605.
Full textMorelet, Jean Loup. "Effets secondaires induits par les médicaments sur la sexualité de l'homme." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P149.
Full textGrégoire, Nicolas. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique / pharmacodynamique des anti-infectieux." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1804.
Full textPereyre, Sabine. "Mécanismes responsables de la résistance naturelle et acquise aux macrolides et apparentés chez Mycoplasma Hominis et de la résistance acquise à ces antibiotiques chez Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21066.
Full textThe mechanism of intrinsic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis to macrolides and related antibiotics was investigated in comparison with M. Pneumoniae, which is naturally susceptible to these antibiotics. In M. Hominis PG21, both 23S rRNA genes, target of macrolides, were localized and sequenced. The main mechanism of intrinsic resistance could be related to substitutions A2057G and C2610T in 23S rRNA gene but existence of an ATP-dependent active efflux process cannot be ruled out. Acquired resistance to 16 membered-macrolides of two M. Hominis clinical isolates was associated with mutations A2059G and C2611U in operon rrnB of 23S rRNA. At last, macrolide resistant mutants of M. Pneumoniae were selected in vitro and characterized. Mutations in 23S rRNA genes (C2611A, A2062G), in ribosomal protein L4 (H70L, H70R, insertion of one, two or three glycines) and in protein L22 (P112R, A114T, IPRA deletion) were found
Scheyder, Catherine. "Les complications respiratoires du traitement par interleukine 2 : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23097.
Full textRio, Véronique. "Médicaments et sujets agés." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P194.
Full textDupont, Murielle. "Intoxications médicamenteuses cardiotoxiques de l'adulte : analyse d'une année au Samu 33." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M183.
Full textBareilles, Francis. "Les céphalées chroniques induites par les médicaments (C. C. I. M. )." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M038.
Full textPauly, Aude. "Effets inflammatoires et toxiques des préparations ophtalmiques topiques sur la surface oculaire : développement et standardisation de modèles d'évaluation in vitro et in vivo." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P624.
Full textThe REACH program and the future ban to use animals for the toxic evaluation of cosmetics in 2013 impose to revise the classic tools of eye toxicity testing and to develop new approaches. We first used classic in vitro systems to investigate the toxicity of antiallergic eye drops by evaluating the induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. We were so able to connect their toxicity to the presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), the common eyedrop preservative used as the irritant of reference in our studies. Then we used flow cytometric analysis of conjunctival brushings, in conjunction with multiple cytokine assays in tears and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the cornea as sensitive and noninvasive tools to refine the classical Draize eye test. In the perspective of future multicenter studies, we standardized the use of IVCM by developing a scoring system, based on the corneal thickness measurement and the precise classification of cytological and histological changes, at the level of the epithelial cells, the keratocytes, the endothelial and the vascular cells. This system enables to deliver a gravity score, as an objective numerical value for the assessment of the toxic-induced corneal damage severity. In vitro, using a reconstituted human corneal epithelium model, we developed a new, more sensitive MTT procedure for the evaluation of cytotoxicity, and correlated this method with a panel of immunohistological tests covering inflammatory, as well as apoptotic and proliferative mechanisms
Laroche, Marie-Laure. "Le risque iatrogène chez la personne âgée : à propos des médicaments potentiellement inappropriés." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/580e6e62-db59-4ce8-8927-737719362a73/blobholder:0/2007LIMO310C.pdf.
Full textAdverse drug reactions in older people are frequently encountered and are at times serious; the quality of geriatric prescription is thus a main issue. Potentially inappropriate drugs are medications with an unfavourable benefit/risk ratio or a questionable efficacy while other and safer therapeutic alternatives are available. We propose a list of potentially inappropriate medications for patients aged 75 years or over, adapted to the French medical practice, and established with the use of a Delphi consensus method. The list includes 34 explicit criteria established for an epidemiological purpose. Medications from this list should generally be avoided when possible in the aged. As therapeutic alternatives are put forward, the list could be considered as a prescription aid. However it should not be regarded as a unique tool for reducing adverse drug effects. Actually we have shown that inappropriate medications are not the main source of adverse effects. The number of drugs prescribed is a risk factor of both potentially inappropriate medication use and of adverse effect occurrence in the elderly. We have shown that admission to a hospital geriatric unit allows a reduction of the overall number of medications and especially that of inappropriate drugs. Our study also addresses the differing points of view between geriatricians and general practitioners. Prescription in the aged should be regarded with a particular attention and should be helped by periodical continuous medical education. Moreover, the general population awareness about this topic is to be enhanced. When regarding both epidemiological studies and elderly patient treatments, objective and subjective approaches are necessary in order to understand better drug induced iatrogenic effects and reduce their prevalence
Rivière, Sylvie. "Effets toxiques des médicaments antirétroviraux utilisés dans la lutte contre le SIDA." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P201.
Full textFerrari, Luc. "Interleukine-1 et enzymes du métabolisme des médicaments : mécanismes intracellulaires des effets." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN12438.
Full textOrliaguet, Gilles. "Effets diaphragmatiques des médicaments utilisés en anesthésie au cours du développement postnatal." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066278.
Full textBailleul, Geoffrey. "Les défensines aviaires : nouveau moyen de lutte contre les entérobactéries pathogènes." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3813.
Full textLarge-scale use of antibiotics has leaded to the emergence of multi drug resistant bacterial strains, particularly in the genus Salmonella and Escherichia coli responsible for infectious diseases outbreaks. This constitutes a major veterinary and public health concern. Host defense peptides (HDPs) represent major effector molecules of the animal’s innate immune system. In birds, the main family of HDPs is composed of avian defensins whose two members (AvBD2 and AvBD7) isolated from chicken bone marrow exhibit large spectrum antibacterial activity. Thus, they both constitute potential candidate molecules as alternative to antibiotics. To demonstrate the therapeutic interest of AvBD2 and AvBD7, we have (1) proved their antibacterial efficiency in vitro towards clinical and multi drug resistant bacterial strains, (2) shown their functional and structural stability when facing major digestive proteases, (3) identified a novel antibacterial effect in infected macrophages, and finally (4) proved the therapeutic concept by reducing mortality and bacterial load after AvBD7 injection in a murine model of lethal salmonellosis
Bizet, Anne. "Les mécanismes en cause dans la néphrotoxicité des médicaments." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P239.
Full textHenri, Jérôme. "Etude comparative de deux ionophores carboxyliques chez la volaille : apport de la modélisation pharmacocinétique basée sur la physiologie." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Henri-Jerome/2008-Henri-Jerome-These.pdf.
Full textCarboxylic ionophores used as anticoccidial additives in poultry feed are currently under reevaluation by the European food safety authority in order to assess the safety of the consumer. This work has contributed to the knowledge of pharmacokinetics of monensin in chickens and turkeys and salinomycin in chickens in order to establish some generalities about carboxylic ionophores in poultry. The three examples taken as experimental subject during this thesis have shown a low oral bioavaibility and a rapid elimination driving to a calculated withdrawal period of less than 22 hours in any case. During these works, in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to attribute values to parameters allowing to implement a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. A physiological model of monensin in chickens has then been tested. Simulations of this model reproduce concentrations observed after a single administration by intravenous or oral route but overestimate concentrations after repeated oral administrations in the supplemented food
Guilhamasse, Hélène. "La transfusion sanguine : cadre juridique et médicaments." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P024.
Full textFaibis, Didier. "Les accidents d'hypersensibilité liés aux médicaments antimitotiques." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P048.
Full textDesplanches, Christine. "L'enzymurie et sa valeur comme indice de la néphrotoxicité des médicaments." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T116.
Full textNjima, Nadia. "Etude du transit oésophagien des médicaments." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P163.
Full textCambon, Florence. "Risques et bénéfices de l'aspirine pendant la grossesse." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P094.
Full textDahyot-Fizelier, Claire. "Etude de la distribution tissulaire des antibiotiques par microdialyse chez les patients de réanimation." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1401.
Full textFoucault, Bruno. "Evolution de la résistance des entérobactéries aux B-lactamines : étude des mécanismes conférant la résistance à l'imipénème dans une souche clinique d'Escheria coli." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P102.
Full textBoughattas, Mohamed Hafedh. "Modélisation par éléments finis des effets des médicaments sur la résistance de l’os." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2048/document.
Full textThe osteo-articular system plays the role of crucial support for the whole human body. It supports the gravity forces as well as the efforts generated by daily activities. Thus the bone optimizes and adapts its mass and its geometry through the process of bone remodeling. This spatio temporal regulation can undergo metabolic imbalances such as osteoporosis which lead to the occurrence of the upper end of the femur fracture during a fall side or various traumas. In fact, osteoporosis is reflected into a decrease in bone density and level of damage at the level of the microarchitecture of bone tissue increasing therefore the risk of fractures. In the framework of this thesis, a mechanical modelling of the behaviour of the os as well as a biological modelling of cellular activities were firstly proposed. Secondly, the pharmacokinetics of four drugs were modeled which are Alendronate, Denosumab, the Romosozumaband the Odanacatib. Finally, the coupling of these models allowed us to have a mechanic-biological model coupled with the effects of drugs against osteoporosis that can predict the evolution of bone mineral density and of damage by fatigue allowing to analyze the evolution of the bone quality. This model has been implemented by finite elements ABAQUS/standard through its user routine UMAT.The model has been applied to simulate different scenarios of remodeling on human femurs (2D and3D). Different factors were analysed such as the range of physical activities, the doses of injected drugs,the duration of treatment, etc. Obtained results are consistent (qualitatively) with existing clinical studies.As a conclusion, the mechanic-biological model coupled with the effects of the proposed drugs contributes to the fine analysis of the bone behaviour and the application of algorithms allowed to conduct virtual tests in order to analyze the combined effects of many multidisciplinary factors characterizing the bone quality
Mamode, Habib Karim. "Interactions médicamenteuses avec les médicaments antirétroviraux." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P013.
Full textLima, da Costa Deise Mara. "Activité de base globale du nerf auditif, système olivocochléaire efferent médian et effets des aminosides." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28469.
Full textLafuente-Lafuente, Carmelo. "Evaluation des médicaments antiarythmiques dans le traitement au long cours de la fibrillation auriculaire : efficacité clinique et rapport bénéfice / risque, accumulation de l'Amiodarone dans le tissu gras et analyse de décision chez les sujets agés." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P627.
Full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent and increase morbi-mortality. Several antiarrhythmic drugs (AAR) are employed for treating AF. OBJECTIVES: a) better define the risk-benefit ratio of each AAR; b) study the key determinants of therapeutic decision, particularly in elderly patients. RESEARCHS CONDUCTED: 1- AAR for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of AF: A systematic review 45 good-quality randomized controlled trials (12 559) were pooled in a meta-analysis. Several classes I and III AAR are effective to reduce AF recurrence rate but all increase adverse events, none reduces mortality and those of IA increased it (OR 2. 39). 2- Amiodarone concentrations in plasma and fat tissue and related toxicity. We measured trough concentrations of amiodarone in plasma and fat tissue in 30 patients on chronic treatment. No excessive accumulation of amiodarone in tissue responsible of its toxicity was found. Adverse effects were correlated with treatment duration, but not with plasma or adipose tissue concentrations. 3- Choice of long term treatment of AF in elderly patients: a decision analysis. We developed a Markov decision analytic model to compare 4 therapeutic strategies in two hypothetical cohorts of patients, 60 and 80 years old. Despite variations in events rates, differences between strategies in terms QALYs were small. All results remained the same in elder patients. CONCLUSIONS: Several AAR are effective to prevent AF recurrence, but there is no proof of a clear clinical benefit. Choice of a long-term pharmacological treatment should be individualized. The key determinants are equal in younger and older patients