Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enterovirus Infections

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Enterovirus Infections'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

1

Kanaeva, O. I. "ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION: VARIETY OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 4, no. 1 (July 9, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2014-1-.

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Abstract. Enteroviruses are widely distributed human infectious pathogens. In spite of infection a disease does not manifest in majority number of cases. However, in some infected persons the different kind of symptoms can be observed; from common cold signs up to aseptic (serous) meningitis and myocarditis. Severe enteroviral cases with lethal outcomes are rarely reported. Ability of enteroviruses to cause large outbreaks and even epidemic distribution is very significant for health care systems. Taking in account a high genetic diversity of enteroviruses it is possible appearance of new highly pathogenic strains in the future. In some countries including the Russian Federation the permanent surveillance for enteroviral infections is provided besides of WHO polio elimination program. The laboratory diagnostics of enterovirus infections is complicated by numerous of pathogen serotypes. Thus, classical virological methods should be supported by molecular-biological tools to sequence pathogen genome and to define phylogenetic relations between different enterovirus strains.
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Drummond, Coyne G., Alexa M. Bolock, Congrong Ma, Cliff J. Luke, Misty Good, and Carolyn B. Coyne. "Enteroviruses infect human enteroids and induce antiviral signaling in a cell lineage-specific manner." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 7 (January 30, 2017): 1672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617363114.

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Enteroviruses are among the most common viral infectious agents of humans and are primarily transmitted by the fecal–oral route. However, the events associated with enterovirus infections of the human gastrointestinal tract remain largely unknown. Here, we used stem cell-derived enteroids from human small intestines to study enterovirus infections of the intestinal epithelium. We found that enteroids were susceptible to infection by diverse enteroviruses, including echovirus 11 (E11), coxsackievirus B (CVB), and enterovirus 71 (EV71), and that contrary to an immortalized intestinal cell line, enteroids induced antiviral and inflammatory signaling pathways in response to infection in a virus-specific manner. Furthermore, using the Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) to drive cellular differentiation into secretory cell lineages, we show that although goblet cells resist E11 infection, enteroendocrine cells are permissive, suggesting that enteroviruses infect specific cell populations in the human intestine. Taken together, our studies provide insights into enterovirus infections of the human intestine, which could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and/or strategies to prevent or treat infections by these highly clinically relevant viruses.
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Chapman, Nora M. "Persistent Enterovirus Infection: Little Deletions, Long Infections." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050770.

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Enteroviruses have now been shown to persist in cell cultures and in vivo by a novel mechanism involving the deletion of varying amounts of the 5′ terminal genomic region termed domain I (also known as the cloverleaf). Molecular clones of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) genomes with 5′ terminal deletions (TD) of varying length allow the study of these mutant populations, which are able to replicate in the complete absence of wildtype virus genomes. The study of TD enteroviruses has revealed numerous significant differences from canonical enteroviral biology. The deletions appear and become the dominant population when an enterovirus replicates in quiescent cell populations, but can also occur if one of the cis-acting replication elements of the genome (CRE-2C) is artificially mutated in the element’s stem and loop structures. This review discusses how the TD genomes arise, how they interact with the host, and their effects on host biology.
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Ayyub, Mohammed, Joshua George Thomas, and Rawad Hodeify. "An Overview of the Characteristics, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Detection of Human Enterovirus in the Arabian Gulf Region." Viruses 16, no. 8 (July 24, 2024): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16081187.

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Enteroviruses are RNA viruses that initiate infections through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are associated with enteric illness in individuals of all ages. Most serious infections of enteroviruses are in infants and young children where it is the common cause of aseptic meningitis and other systemic diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. Enteroviruses belong to the small non-enveloped family of the Picornaviridae family. The virus can spread mainly through fecal–oral and respiratory routes. In the Arabian Gulf countries, the incidence of enteroviral infections is only restricted to a few reports, and thus, knowledge of the epidemiology, characteristics, and pathogenesis of the virus in the gulf countries remains scarce. In this minireview, we sought to provide an overview of the characteristics of enterovirus and its pathogenesis, in addition to gathering the reports of enterovirus infection prevalence in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. We also present a summary of the common methods used in its detection.
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Toczylowski, Kacper, Magdalena Wieczorek, Ewa Bojkiewicz, Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz, Beata Gad, and Artur Sulik. "Pediatric Enteroviral Central Nervous System Infections in Bialystok, Poland: Epidemiology, Viral Types, and Drivers of Seasonal Variation." Viruses 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080893.

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Enteroviruses are common causes of infections of the central nervous system (CNS) that in temperate climates tend to peak in the summer. The aim of the study was to describe epidemiology, drivers of seasonality, and types of enteroviruses causing infections of the CNS in children in Northeastern Poland. We prospectively collected data on children hospitalized with infection of the CNS attributed to enteroviruses in Bialystok, Poland, from January 2015 to December 2019. In total, 224 children were included. Nineteen different enterovirus types were identified in isolates collected from 188 children. Coxsackie B5 (32%), echovirus 30 (20%), and echovirus 6 (14%) were the three most common types. Enteroviruses were more prevalent during the summer–fall season. Infections caused by echovirus 30 peaked early in June and coxsackievirus B5 in July, whereas echovirus 6 peaked late in October. Phylogenetic analyses of these three enterovirus types showed multiple lineages co-circulating in this region. Mean air temperatures and precipitation rates were independently associated with monthly number of cases. Considering lack of effective treatment or vaccine, easy transmission of enteroviruses between susceptible individuals, their high mutation rate and prolonged time of viral shedding, continued monitoring and surveillance are imperative to recognize enteroviral infections of the CNS and the changes in circulation of enteroviruses in Poland.
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Zhukova, L. I., G. K. Rafeenko, V. N. Gorodin, and A. A. Vanyukov. "CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTEROVIRUS NONPOLIOMIELITIS INFECTIONS IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-5-9-15.

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Aim. To characterize the epidemic situation and the clinical course of enterovirus (neolio) infections in the Krasnodar Territory. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of manifestations of the epidemic process and clinical characteristics of non-poliomyelitis enterovirus infections from 2002 to 2017 in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. Results. The incidence of enterovirus infections, the structure of clinical forms, the landscape of enteroviruses isolated from the environment and the biological material of patients was demonstrated. The clinical course of enterovirus infection in 170 hospitalized patients was characterized. Conclusion. Enterovirus (nepolio) infection in the Krasnodar Territory in many years of dynamics demonstrates growing relevance. A variety of enterovirus serotypes circulating in the environment and in the human population are preserved, the spectrum of which varies. In the structure of clinical forms of enterovirus infections, the number of diseases without affecting the central nervous system increases, which indicates an improvement in the quality of diagnosis and an increase in the diagnostic motivation of doctors. Further measures for epidemiological surveillance, as well as training of physicians of various specialties, are expedient, which will help to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of enterovirus (nepolio) infection.
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Golitsyna, L. N., T. T. T. Nguyen, N. I. Romanenkova, M. T. Luong, L. T. Vu, O. I. Kanaeva, M. A. Bichurina, and N. A. Novikova. "Enterovirus infection in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 9, no. 3-4 (November 15, 2019): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2019-3-4-467-475.

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Human enterovirus infections comprise a group of infectious diseases caused by viruses of Enterovirus A-D species (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae). Enterovirus infections can vary in clinical manifestations and severity, from asymptomatic infection to serious multisystem diseases. During evolution, enterovirus strains with increased neurovirulence or atypical pathogenicity may emerge exhibiting an epidemic potential. Recently, outbreaks of enterovirus infection with an increased rate of neurological manifestations, a significant percentage of severe cases and lethal outcomes have been observed worldwide, which were associated with enteroviruses EV-A71, EV-D68 etc. The World Health Organization has included EV-A71 and EV-D68 enterovirus infection together with some other dangerous viral diseases considered for inclusion in the List of Blueprint Priority Diseases. In connection with this, global enterovirus surveillance is important for controlling emergence and spread of epidemic enterovirus variants, prediction of establishing epidemic situation, timely conduction of preventive measures and vaccine development. A growing multi-field cooperation between Russia and Vietnam leads to increased two-way population migration, which actualizes scientific and practical collaboration in surveillance and control of infectious disease spread, including enterovirus infection. Currently, epidemiological surveillance of enterovirus infection in Vietnam is based on monitoring hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) rate, laboratory diagnostics of enterovirus infection and identification of enterovirus strains, mainly detected in severe patients. In 2001–2016, 34 non-polio virus types were identified in patients with enterovirus infection, largely represented by viruses EV-A71, CVA6, CVA10, and CVA16. Moreover, the peak incidence of enterovirus infection and related mortality rate were associated with the increased activity of EV-A71 virus. In Vietnam, EVA71 enterovirus of genotypes C1, C4, C5 and B5 circulated at different times. Over the last years, a new pandemic genotype virus CVA6 has been dominating as a causative agent of enterovirus infection in Vietnam as well as the majority of other countries. The data on phylogenetic relation between Vietnamese epidemic EV-A71 and CVA6 strains allowed to find that they underwent multiple betweencountry spreads, whereas their subsequent in-country dissemination resulted in 2011–2012 enterovirus outbreak and sustained high-level HFMD morbidity.
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Wells, Alexandra I., and Carolyn B. Coyne. "Enteroviruses: A Gut-Wrenching Game of Entry, Detection, and Evasion." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050460.

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Enteroviruses are a major source of human disease, particularly in neonates and young children where infections can range from acute, self-limited febrile illness to meningitis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. The enterovirus genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, enterovirus 71, and enterovirus D68. Enteroviruses primarily infect by the fecal–oral route and target the gastrointestinal epithelium early during their life cycles. In addition, spread via the respiratory tract is possible and some enteroviruses such as enterovirus D68 are preferentially spread via this route. Once internalized, enteroviruses are detected by intracellular proteins that recognize common viral features and trigger antiviral innate immune signaling. However, co-evolution of enteroviruses with humans has allowed them to develop strategies to evade detection or disrupt signaling. In this review, we will discuss how enteroviruses infect the gastrointestinal tract, the mechanisms by which cells detect enterovirus infections, and the strategies enteroviruses use to escape this detection.
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Saarinen, Niila V. V., Virginia M. Stone, Minna M. Hankaniemi, Magdalena A. Mazur, Tytti Vuorinen, Malin Flodström-Tullberg, Heikki Hyöty, Vesa P. Hytönen, and Olli H. Laitinen. "Antibody Responses against Enterovirus Proteases are Potential Markers for an Acute Infection." Viruses 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010078.

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Background: Enteroviruses are a group of common non-enveloped RNA viruses that cause symptoms ranging from mild respiratory infections to paralysis. Due to the abundance of enterovirus infections it is hard to distinguish between on-going and previous infections using immunological assays unless the IgM fraction is studied. Methods: In this study we show using Indirect ELISA and capture IgM ELISA that an IgG antibody response against the nonstructural enteroviral proteins 2A and 3C can be used to distinguish between IgM positive (n = 22) and IgM negative (n = 20) human patients with 83% accuracy and a diagnostic odds ratio of 30. Using a mouse model, we establish that the antibody response to the proteases is short-lived compared to the antibody response to the structural proteins in. As such, the protease antibody response serves as a potential marker for an acute infection. Conclusions: Antibody responses against enterovirus proteases are shorter-lived than against structural proteins and can differentiate between IgM positive and negative patients, and therefore they are a potential marker for acute infections.
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van Ackeren, Vanessa, Stefan Schmutz, Ian Pichler, Gabriela Ziltener, Maryam Zaheri, Verena Kufner, and Michael Huber. "Retrospective Genotyping of Enteroviruses Using a Diagnostic Nanopore Sequencing Workflow." Pathogens 13, no. 5 (May 8, 2024): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13050390.

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Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses pathogenic to humans. They are associated with various forms of disease, ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe neurological diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of isolated cases of children developing meningitis or encephalitis as a result of enterovirus infection have been reported, as well as discrete enterovirus D68 outbreaks in North America in 2014 and 2016. We developed an assay to rapidly genotype enteroviruses by sequencing a region within the VP1 gene using nanopore Flongles. We retrospectively analyzed enterovirus-/rhinovirus-positive clinical samples from the Zurich, Switzerland area mainly collected during two seasons in 2019/2020 and 2021/2022. Respiratory, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool samples were analyzed. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on samples with ambiguous genotyping results and enterovirus D68-positive samples. Out of 255 isolates, a total of 95 different genotypes were found. A difference in the prevalence of enterovirus and rhinovirus infections was observed for both sample type and age group. In particular, children aged 0–4 years showed a higher frequency of enterovirus infections. Comparing the respiratory seasons, a higher prevalence was found, especially for enterovirus A and rhinovirus A after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The enterovirus genotyping workflow provides a rapid diagnostic tool for individual analysis and continuous enterovirus surveillance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

1

Phuektes, Patchara. "Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice." Thesis, Phuektes, Patchara (2009) Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1306/.

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Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a member of the Human Enterovirus A species within the Family Picornaviridae. Since 1997, HEV71 has emerged as a major cause of epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease in the Asia-Pacific region. At the present time, little is known about the pathogenesis of acute neurological disease caused by HEV71. The major aim of this study was to generate infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 and use them as tools for investigating the biology of HEV71 and molecular genetics of HEV71 virulence and pathogenesis. Two infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 clinical isolates, 26M (genotype B3) and 6F (genotype C2) were successfully constructed using a low copy number plasmid vector and an appropriate bacterial host. Transfection of cDNA clones or RNA transcripts derived from these clones produced infectious viruses. Phenotypic characterisation of clone-derived viruses (CDV-26M and CDV-6F) was performed, and CDV-26M and CDV-6F were found to have indistinguishable phenotypes compared to their wild type viruses. Strains HEV71-26M and HEV71-6F were found to have distinct cell culture growth phenotypes. To identify the genome regions responsible for the growth phenotypes of the two strains a series of chimeric viruses were constructed by exchanging the 5„S untranslated region (5„S UTR), structural protein (P1), and nonstructural protein (P2 and P3) gene regions using infectious cDNA clones of both virus strains. Analysis of reciprocal virus chimeras revealed that the 5„S UTR of both strains were compatible but not responsible for the observed phenotypes. Both the P1 and P2-P3 genome regions influence the HEV71 growth phenotype in cell culture, phenotype expression is dependent on specific P1/P2-P3 combinations and is not reciprocal. In the previous study, in order to investigate the pathogenesis of HEV71 infection, a mouse HEV71 model was developed using a mouse-adapted variant of HEV71-26M. Mouse-adapted strain MP-26M caused fore- and/or hindlimb paralysis in mice, whereas HEV71-26M-infected mice did not develop clinical signs of infection at any virus dose or route of inoculation tested. In this study, the molecular basis of mouse adaptation by HEV71 was identified. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HEV71-26M and MP-26M revealed three point mutations in the open reading frame, each resulting in an amino acid substitution in the VP1, VP2 and 2C proteins; no mutations were identified in the untranslated regions of the genome. To determine which of the three amino acid mutations were responsible for the adaptation and virulence of HEV71-26M in mice, recombinant cDNA clones containing one, or a combination of two or three mutations, were constructed. Mouse virulence assays of the mutated viruses clearly demonstrated that a non-conservative amino acid substitution (G710„_E) in the capsid protein VP1 alone was sufficient to confer the mouse virulence phenotype on HEV71. In addition, a mouse oral infection model was established in this study. Oral inoculation with the mouse-adapted HEV71 virus, MP-26M, induced fore-or hindlimb paralysis in newborn mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. As oral transmission is the natural route of HEV71 infection, this murine HEV71 oral infection model will provide a suitable tool for studying HEV71 pathogenesis, for defining neurological determinants, and for testing vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the future.
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2

Phuektes, Patchara. "Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice." Phuektes, Patchara (2009) Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1306/.

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Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a member of the Human Enterovirus A species within the Family Picornaviridae. Since 1997, HEV71 has emerged as a major cause of epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease in the Asia-Pacific region. At the present time, little is known about the pathogenesis of acute neurological disease caused by HEV71. The major aim of this study was to generate infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 and use them as tools for investigating the biology of HEV71 and molecular genetics of HEV71 virulence and pathogenesis. Two infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 clinical isolates, 26M (genotype B3) and 6F (genotype C2) were successfully constructed using a low copy number plasmid vector and an appropriate bacterial host. Transfection of cDNA clones or RNA transcripts derived from these clones produced infectious viruses. Phenotypic characterisation of clone-derived viruses (CDV-26M and CDV-6F) was performed, and CDV-26M and CDV-6F were found to have indistinguishable phenotypes compared to their wild type viruses. Strains HEV71-26M and HEV71-6F were found to have distinct cell culture growth phenotypes. To identify the genome regions responsible for the growth phenotypes of the two strains a series of chimeric viruses were constructed by exchanging the 5„S untranslated region (5„S UTR), structural protein (P1), and nonstructural protein (P2 and P3) gene regions using infectious cDNA clones of both virus strains. Analysis of reciprocal virus chimeras revealed that the 5„S UTR of both strains were compatible but not responsible for the observed phenotypes. Both the P1 and P2-P3 genome regions influence the HEV71 growth phenotype in cell culture, phenotype expression is dependent on specific P1/P2-P3 combinations and is not reciprocal. In the previous study, in order to investigate the pathogenesis of HEV71 infection, a mouse HEV71 model was developed using a mouse-adapted variant of HEV71-26M. Mouse-adapted strain MP-26M caused fore- and/or hindlimb paralysis in mice, whereas HEV71-26M-infected mice did not develop clinical signs of infection at any virus dose or route of inoculation tested. In this study, the molecular basis of mouse adaptation by HEV71 was identified. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HEV71-26M and MP-26M revealed three point mutations in the open reading frame, each resulting in an amino acid substitution in the VP1, VP2 and 2C proteins; no mutations were identified in the untranslated regions of the genome. To determine which of the three amino acid mutations were responsible for the adaptation and virulence of HEV71-26M in mice, recombinant cDNA clones containing one, or a combination of two or three mutations, were constructed. Mouse virulence assays of the mutated viruses clearly demonstrated that a non-conservative amino acid substitution (G710„_E) in the capsid protein VP1 alone was sufficient to confer the mouse virulence phenotype on HEV71. In addition, a mouse oral infection model was established in this study. Oral inoculation with the mouse-adapted HEV71 virus, MP-26M, induced fore-or hindlimb paralysis in newborn mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. As oral transmission is the natural route of HEV71 infection, this murine HEV71 oral infection model will provide a suitable tool for studying HEV71 pathogenesis, for defining neurological determinants, and for testing vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the future.
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Hindersson, Maria. "Coxsackie B virus pathogenesis in mice /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/20060608hind/.

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Lau, Ming-ho, and 劉明昊. "Risk factors of hand foot mouth diseases outbreaks in kindergartens inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42994901.

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Lau, Ming-ho. "Risk factors of hand foot mouth diseases outbreaks in kindergartens in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42994901.

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Moëll, Annika. "Inflammatory Mediators and Enterovirus Infections in Human Islets of Langerhans." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8501.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is due to a selective loss of the insulin producing β-cells. However, the process responsible for this loss is still unknown. There is accumulating evidence that enteroviruses (EVs) are involved in T1D. In addition to direct virus-induced cytolysis, EVs could facilitate β-cell destruction by inducing inflammatory cytokines. Induction of such genes has previously been shown in EV-infected islets in vitro. Modulation of inflammatory mediators expressed in the islets could be a possible strategy to reduce β-cell destruction.

In the first paper we screened uninfected isolated human islets for genes with the potential to induce or modulate an immune response. We found that several of the genes expressed in the islets encode proteins with a powerful biological activity, such as IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-2α, MCP-1 and MIF. This indicates that the islets themselves can express several triggers of inflammation, and if expressed in vivo these mediators would probably contribute to β-cell destruction.

The vitamin B3 derivate, nicotinamide (NA), has been shown to modulate expression of factors important for coagulation and inflammatory responses. Addition of NA into isolated islet cultures resulted in a reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 and the coagulation activator tissue factor, suggesting that NA may have implications for both inflammatory responses and the pro-coagulant activity of islets.

We successfully isolated EVs from three newly diagnosed T1D patients. All isolates showed tropism for human islets and β-cells in vitro and clearly affected islet function. We also found that EV infection induced islet secretion of the chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1and that this induction could be blocked or reduced by addition of NA to the culture medium. Interestingly, NA also reduced viral replication and virus-induced islet destruction.

To conclude, this thesis provides new information about expression and modulation of inflammatory mediators in infected and uninfected human islets that could trigger inflammatory reactions leading to β-cell destruction. Moreover, it further strengthens the causal relationship between EV and T1D.

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Moëll, Annika. "Inflammatory mediators and enterovirus infections in human islets of Langerhans /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8501.

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Moliner, Calderón Elisenda. "importancia de los Enterovirus en la Sepsis Neonatal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673836.

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INTRODUCCIÓ. Les infeccions neonatals son una patologia molt prevalent i representen una de les principals causes de mortalitat durant aquest període de la vida. Gran part dels nadons que ingressen durant el primer mes de vida amb sospita de sèpsia bacteriana (SB) són diagnosticats d’infeccions produïdes per virus. Els virus més implicats en la infecció neonatal són els enterovirus (EV) amb una incidència de 7 casos per cada 1000 nadons. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és demostrar la importància dels EV com a agents etiològics de la infecció neonatal per les seves diferències pel que fa al maneig clínic i les mesures terapèutiques a seguir. MATERIAL I MÈTODES. El present treball es un estudi retrospectiu amb recollida prospectiva de les dades. Es van incloure un total de 332 nadons d’edat gestacional > 34 SG atesos a la Unitat de Neonatologia de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau entre gener de l’any 2002 fins a desembre del 2017 i amb el diagnòstic inicial de sèpsia neonatal (SN). RESULTATS. El percentatge d’infeccions per EV va ser superior al de SB amb un 34,6% i 32,5% respectivament del total de nadons estudiats. Els nadons amb infecció per EV presenten menor patologia materna a excepció de la malaltia hipertensiva de l’embaràs (p <0,001). Es tracta de nadons sans amb més edat gestacional, majors puntuacions en el test d’Apgar i major pes al naixement (p <0,001). En la meitat dels casos hi ha antecedents d’ambient epidèmic familiar (p <0,001). La febre es va presentar en el 72% dels nadons amb infecció per EV i la meningitis va ser la forma clínica més freqüent afectant el 61,7% dels casos d’infecció per EV. Les característiques del LCR dels pacients amb meningitis van ser similars en ambdós grups i només van existir diferències significatives en la concentració de proteïnes, superior en el grup de SB (p> 0,001). Les formes greus de la malaltia van ser poc freqüents (1,7%). El 51,4% dels pacients amb infecció per EV va ser sotmès a tractament antibiòtic (ATB). La detecció d’EV en mostres de LCR mitjançant RT-PCR va mostrar una elevada sensibilitat, especificitat i un elevat valor predictiu positiu i negatiu en el diagnòstic de la infecció per EV. L’evolució clínica dels pacients amb infecció per EV va ser favorable amb resolució sense seqüeles en la majoria dels casos. La letalitat de el quadre en els nens estudiats va ser del 0,9%. Els EV més freqüentment implicats en la malaltia neonatal per EV van ser E11, E6, E7 i CVB5. Es va obtenir un model predictiu que permet calcular la probabilitat de risc de presentar SB o infecció per EV i classificar correctament el 99% dels RN amb una precisió del 95,6%. Les variables que van mostrar una associació amb la infecció per EV van ser la major edat en dies de vida en el moment de patir la malaltia, majors puntuacions en el test d’Apgar als 5 minuts, el major pes al naixement, l’ambient epidèmic i l’alteració del sensori. CONCLUSIONS. Cal la inclusió dels EV en l’estudi inicial dels nadons amb sospita de sèpsia neonatal ja que aquestes infeccions es presenten amb una elevada prevalença en el nostre estudi. Els nadons amb infecció per EV tenen similituds clíniques amb els nadons amb SB, però hi ha factors que poden diferenciar les infeccions per EV de les infeccions bacterianes. La troballa d’aquests factors ha permès elaborar un model predictiu que al junt a la positivitat de les tècniques ràpides per a la detecció d’EV permeten diferenciar aquestes dos infeccions i retirar un tractament antibiòtic innecessari.
INTRODUCCIÓN. Las infecciones neonatales constituyen una de las patologías más prevalentes y representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad durante este periodo de la vida. Gran parte de los recién nacidos (RN) que ingresan durante el primer mes de vida con sospecha de sepsis bacteriana (SB) son diagnosticados de infecciones producidas por virus. Los virus mayormente implicados en la infección neonatal son los enterovirus (EV) con una incidencia de 7 casos por cada 1000 RN. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la importancia de los EV como agentes etiológicos en la infección neonatal por sus diferencias en cuanto al manejo clínico y las medidas terapéuticas a seguir. MATERIAL Y METODOS. El presente trabajo consiste en un estudio retrospectivo con recogida prospectiva de los datos. Se incluyeron un total de 332 RN de edad gestacional > 34 semanas gestacionales (SG) atendidos en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau entre enero del 2002 hasta diciembre del 2017 y con el diagnóstico inicial de sepsis neonatal (SN). RESULTADOS. El porcentaje de infecciones por EV fue superior al de SB con un 34,6% y 32,5% respectivamente del total de RN estudiados. Los RN con infección por EV presentan menor patología materna a excepción de la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (p<0,001), son RN sanos con mayor edad gestacional, mayores puntuaciones de Apgar y mayor peso al nacimiento (p<0,001) y en la mitad de los casos existen antecedentes de ambiente epidémico familiar (p<0,001). La fiebre se presenta en el 72% de los RN con infección por EV y la meningitis es la forma clínica más frecuente afectando al 61,7% de los casos. Las características del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de los pacientes con meningitis fueron similares en ambos grupos y solo encontramos diferencias significativas en la concentración de proteínas, superior en el grupo de SB (p>0,001). Las formas graves de la enfermedad fueron poco frecuentes (1,7%). El 51,4% de los pacientes con infección por EV fue sometido a tratamiento antibiótico (ATB). La detección de EV en muestras de LCR mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) mostró una elevada sensibilidad, especificidad y un elevado valor predictivo positivo y negativo en el diagnóstico de la infección por EV. La evolución clínica de los pacientes con infección por EV fue favorable con resolución sin secuelas en la mayoría de los casos. La letalidad del cuadro en nuestros niños fue del 0,9%. Los EV más frecuentemente implicados en la enfermedad neonatal por EV fueron E11, E6, E7 y CVB5. Se obtuvo un modelo predictivo que permite calcular la probabilidad de riesgo de presentar SB o infección por EV y clasificar correctamente el 99% de los RN con una precisión del 95,6%. Las variables que mostraron una asociación con la infección por EV fueron la mayor edad en días de vida en el momento de padecer la enfermedad, mayores puntuaciones en el test de Apgar a los 5 minutos, el mayor peso al nacimiento, el ambiente epidémico y la alteración del sensorio. CONCLUSIONES. Es necesario la inclusión de los EV en el estudio inicial de los RN con sospecha de sepsis neonatal ya que estas infecciones se presentan con una elevada prevalencia en nuestro estudio. Los RN con EV comparten similitudes clínicas con los RN con SB, pero existen factores que permiten diferenciar las infecciones por EV de las infecciones bacterianas. El hallazgo de estos factores ha permitido elaborar un modelo predictivo que junto a la positividad de las técnicas rápidas para la detección de EV permiten diferenciar estas 2 infecciones y retirar un tratamiento antibiótico innecesario.
INTRODUCTION. Neonatal infections are one of the most prevalent pathologies and represent one of the main causes of mortality during this period of life. Most of the newborns who are admitted during the first month of life with suspected Bacterial Sepsis (BS) are diagnosed with infections caused by viruses. The viruses most involved in neonatal infection are enteroviruses (EV), with an incidence of 7 cases per 1000 newborns. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of EV as etiological agents in neonatal infection due to their differences in terms of clinical management and the therapeutic measures to be followed. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The present work consists of a retrospective study with prospective data collection. A total of 332 NBs of gestational age> 34 SG attended in the Neonatology Unit of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau between January 2002 and December 2017 and with the initial diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis (NS) were included. RESULTS. The percentage of infections by EV was higher than that of BS with 34,6 and 32,5% respectively of the total of newborns studied. Newborns with EV infection present less maternal pathology except for hypertensive disease of pregnancy (p <0.001). Newborns with EV infection present less maternal pathology except for hypertensive disease of pregnancy (p <0.001), they are healthy newborns with a higher gestational age, higher Apgar scores and higher birth weight (p <0.001) and in the middle of the cases there is a history of a family epidemic environment (p <0.001). Fever occurs in 72% of newborns with EV infection and meningitis is the most frequent clinical form, affecting at 61.7% of EV infection cases. The CSF characteristics of patients with meningitis were similar in both groups and we only found significant differences in protein concentration, higher in the BS group (p> 0.001). Severe forms of the disease were rare (1.7%). 51.4% of the patients with EV infection underwent ATB treatment. The detection of EV in CSF samples by RT-PCR showed high sensitivity, specificity, and high positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of EV infection. The clinical evolution of patients with EV infection was favorable with resolution without sequelae in most cases. The case fatality rate in our children was 0.9%. The EV types most frequently implicated in neonatal EV disease were E11, E6, E7 and CVB5. A predictive model was obtained that allows calculating the risk probability of presenting BS or EV infection and correctly classifying 99% of the newborns with a precision of 95.6%. The variables that showed an association with EV infection were an older age in days of life at the time of suffering from the disease, higher scores in the Apgar test at 5 minutes, higher birth weight, an epidemic environment, and the alteration of the sensorium. CONCLUSIONS. The inclusion of EV in the initial study of newborn with suspected neonatal sepsis is necessary because these infections present with a high prevalence in our study. Newborns with EV share clinical similarities with newborns with BS, but we found factors that allow us to differentiate EV infections from bacterial infections. The finding of these factors has made it possible to develop a predictive model that, together with the positivity of the rapid techniques for the detection of EV, allows us to differentiate these 2 infections and withdraw unnecessary antibiotic treatment.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia
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Jacques, Jérôme. "Etude épidémiologique, virologique et physiopathologique des infections respiratoires basses par les entérovirus en pédiatrie." Reims, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000862.pdf.

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Les @entérovirus (Picornaviridae) sont des agents infectieux communs divisés en 5 espèces (Poliovirus et Entérovirus humains A à D) qui regroupent actuellement 89 sérotypes. Ces virus à ARN positif simple brin, sont responsables de syndromes infectieux variés incluant des infections des voies respiratoires hautes ou basses chez l'adulte ou l’enfant. Actuellement l’importance épidémiologique, les caractéristiques cliniques ainsi que les mécanismes physiopathologiques des infections respiratoires par les entérovirus restent à préciser. La première partie de notre travail a eu pour objectif d’évaluer le rôle étiologique potentiel des picornavirus à tropisme respiratoire chez 192 enfants âgés de moins de 36 mois et hospitalisés pour bronchiolite. Un agent viral a été identifié chez 138 (72. 5%) des 192 enfants étudiés. Les virus les plus fréquemment détectés étaient respectivement le Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS) (30%), les Rhinovirus (RVH) (21%), les entérovirus (EV) (9%), et les Métapneumovirus humains (MPVh) (4%). Les RVH et les EV sont apparus comme étant la seule cause de l'infection virale de l’arbre respiratoire dans 57 (30%) des 192 jeunes enfants, tandis qu’une co-infection avec du RVH ou du EV a été détectée dans 25 (13%) des 192 jeunes enfants (30 vs. 13%, P<10-3). Ces données suggèrent que les picornavirus (RVH et EV) à tropisme respiratoire seraient l'une des principales causes virales de bronchiolite en France. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons analysé 252 cas d’infections pédiatriques à EV diagnostiqués chez 11509 enfants. Les souches d’EV ont été isolées dans des échantillons naso-pharyngés grâce à la culture virale, et identifiées par séroneutralisation. Les syndromes respiratoires (79 (31%) des 252 infections à EV) associés à une infection par un EV sont apparus comme étant la deuxième plus fréquente pathologie pédiatrique après la méningite (111 (44%) des 252 cas) (44 vs 31%, p <10-3). Les EVs ont contribué aux infections respiratoires bases dans 54 % des 79 cas d’infection à EV. La bronchiolite a été la pathologie la plus souvent diagnostiquée dans les infections respiratoires à EV (34 (43%) des 79 cas, p <10-3), survenant le plus souvent chez les enfants âgés de 1-12 mois (P = 0. 0002). Les echovirus 11, 6 et 13 ont été les souches les plus fréquemment identifiées dans les infections respiratoires (24, 13 et 11%, respectivement). L’analyse phylogénétique du gène codant pour la protéine de capside VP1 a révélé la circulation concomitante ou successive de souches distinctes EV à tropisme respiratoire au cours du même mois ou de la période épidémique. Ces résultats indiquent que les infections des voies respiratoires représentent 30% des cas des infections pédiatriques à entérovirus. De plus, la circulation concomitante ou successives de souches génétiquement distinctes d’EV indique la possibilité d’infections respiratoires répétées au sein de la même saison épidémique, et suggère la possibilité de mécanismes de recombinaison génétique entre des souches d’EV d’espèces A ou B. Afin d’identifier les mécanismes qui peuvent réguler le développement de l’inflammation des muqueuses respiratoires au cours de l’infection des voies aériennes basses par les EVs, nous avons étudié les profils et les niveaux de production de « CC et CXC chimiokines » de cellules épithéliales pulmonaires humaines primaires (SAEC), infectées par deux souches sauvages d’EV à tropisme respiratoire. L’exposition des SAEC à l'interféron gamma (INF-γ) et aux virus sauvages de type Coxsackie B5 ou ECHO 30 induit une augmentation significative de la production de RANTES qui est synergique par rapport celle obtenue par l’infection virale ou par l’INF-γ seul. Nous avons observé que l'infection réplicative des entérovirus dans les SAEC induisait une augmentation dose et temps-dépendante des ARNm, et des protéines RANTES, MCP-1 et l'IL-8. La sécrétion de ces chimiokines est significativement augmenté à 48 ou 72 heures suivant l’infection dans les cultures traitées par de faibles doses d’INF-γ, et ceci comparativement aux cellules non infectées (P <0,001). Les chimiokines produites par les SAEC en réponse à l’infection virale ont montrés une forte activité chimiotactique pour les éosinophiles humains du sang périphérique. En outre, nous avons observé une infection productive par les entérovirus à tropisme respiratoire dans les éosinophiles. Ceux-ci ont spécifiquement sécrété des niveaux significatifs de RANTES et MCP-1,et ceci 24 heures après l'infection. Par conséquent, le processus inflammatoire induit par les entérovirus semble être déclenché par l'infection de cellules épithéliales, et amplifié par des mécanismes déclenchés par l’INF-γ ainsi que par la sécrétion de chimiokines par les éosinophiles recrutés dans la lumière bronchique. En conclusion, nos travaux indiquent que les EVs sont une cause fréquente d'infection des voies respiratoires chez les enfants, et qu’ils sont capables d’induire au cours de l’infection des cellules de l'épithélium bronchique, une sécrétion spécifique de chimiokines de type RANTES, MCP-1 et IL-8. Ces résultats suggèrent l’importance du rôle des entérovirus dans le développement de pathologies respiratoires chez les enfants immunocompétents
Enteroviruses (EV) (Picornaviridae) are among the most common viruses infecting human beings worldwide. These viral agents are associated with a wide range of human pathologies, including upper respiratory but also lower respiratory tract infections resulting in bronchitis, pneumonia or bronchiolitis in adults or in infants. In the first study, we assessed the potential role of the respiratory picornaviruses as causative agents of bronchiolitis in 192 infants ≤36 months of age and hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. The detection of common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus I, II, III, and adenovirus) was performed using classical immunofluorescence antigens and cell culture detection assays in nasopharyngeal aspirates whereas the detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) rhinoviruses and enteroviruses was performed by molecular techniques. A potential causative virus was detected in 72. 5 % of the 192 study infants. RSV (30%), rhinovirus (21%), enterovirus (9%), influenza virus A (6%) and human metapneumovirus (4%) were the most frequent causative agents detected. Rhinoviruses or enteroviruses were detected as the only evidence of respiratory viral tract infection in 57 (30%) of 192 infants, whereas rhinovirus or enterovirus occurred in mixed viral infection detected in 25 (13%) of 192 study cases (30 vs. 13%, p<10-3). Our data suggest that respiratory picornaviruses are one of the leading etiological causes of bronchiolitis in French infants. In the second part our investigations, we analysed 252 EV-related infection cases (median age, 5. 1 years) diagnosed among 11,509 consecutive children visiting emergency departments within a 7-year period in the North of France. EV strains were isolated from nasopharyngeal samples by viral cell culture, identified by seroneutralization assay and genetically compared by partial amplification and sequencing of the VP1 gene. The respiratory syndromes (79 (31%) of 252 EV infections) appeared as the second more frequent EV induced pediatric pathologies after meningitis (111 (44%) of 252 cases) (44 vs. 31%, P<10-3), contributing to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in 43 (54%) of 79 EV respiratory infection cases. Bronchiolitis was the most frequent EV induced LRTI (34 (43%) of 79 cases, P<10-3) occurring more often in infants aged 1-12 months (P=0. 0002) with spring-fall seasonality. Viruses ECHO 11, 6 and 13 were the more frequently identified respiratory strains (24, 13 and 11%, respectively). The VP1 gene phylogenetic analysis showed the concomitant or successive circulation of genetically distinct EV respiratory strains (species A or B) during the same month or annual epidemic period. Our findings indicated that respiratory tract infections accounted for appreciatively 30% of EV-induced paediatric pathologies, contributing to LRTIs in 54% of these cases. Moreover, the concomitant or successive circulation of genetically distinct EV strains indicated the possibility of paediatric repeated respiratory infections within the same epidemic season. To identify the mechanisms that can regulate the development of airway mucosa inflammation during EV respiratory lower tract infection, we investigated the production of chemokines by EV-infected bronchial epithelial cells. Cultures of primary human small airway epithelial cell (SAEC) were infected by wild-type respiratory EV strains, demonstrating a replicative and productive infection by Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 strains. Exposure of SAEC to gamma interferon (INF-γ), in combination with Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 infection, induced a significant increase in RANTES production that was synergistic with respect to that obtained by EV-infection or INF-γ treatment alone. We observed that the replicative infection of the SAEC by Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 wild-type viruses induced dose and time-dependent increases in mRNA and protein secretion for RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-8. The protein secretion of these chemokines appeared to be significantly increased at 48 or 72 hours post-infection in cultures treated by low-doses of INF-γ comparatively to mock-infected cells (P<0. 001), and was correlated to the viral replication activity. SAEC-derived chemokines exhibited a strong chemotactic activity for normal human blood eosinophils. Furthermore, we observed an EV productive infection in eosinophils, which specifically released significant levels of RANTES and MCP-1, 24 hours post-infection. Therefore, the inflammatory process in EV-induced bronchiolitis appears to be triggered by the infection of epithelial cells and further amplified via mechanisms driven by INF-γ and by the secretion of eosinophil chemokines. Altogether, our findings suggest that EVs are a common cause of respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients, where they can induce the release of chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells, which may significantly contribute to the various histologic and inflammatory features of EV-induced airway disease
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Hämäläinen, A. M. (Anu-Maaria). "Type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies during pregnancy and in infancy." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514265351.

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Abstract There is evidence that the process leading to type 1 diabetes may start in early infancy or even in utero, with a prodrome of variable duration preceding clinical manifestation. The purpose of the present work was to learn more about the occurrence and significance of humoral beta-cell autoimmunity during pregnancy and in infancy, to search for possible signs of prenatal or early postnatal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity and to explore the role of enterovirus infections as potential triggers of such autoimmunity. The population comprised mothers and their newborn infants from families with type 1 diabetes who had entered the first (n=20) or the second pilot study (n=208) of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR). Almost 40% of the mothers with type 1 diabetes had antibodies to islet cells (ICA), 55% to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and 54% to the IA-2 protein (IA-2A) in the two samples taken during pregnancy, where the frequencies for the unaffected mothers were 5%, 5% and 3%, respectively. All autoantibody specificities were detected in the cord blood largely at the same frequencies as in the maternal circulation. In addition, ICA was found in 2.7%, GADA in 0.6%, IA-2A in 0.3% and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) in 0.1% out of a series of 1002 cord blood samples from infants representing the normal population. None of the infants of the autoantibody-negative mothers in these series had autoantibodies detectable in their cord blood. The rate of decline of transplacentally transferred autoantibodies during the first months of life was observed to be similar to that reported for the disappearance of maternally acquired IgG antibodies, the estimated mean elimination time ranging from 3.1-4.5 months. The higher the initial autoantibody level, the longer was the elimination time, and transplacentally transferred autoantibodies were occasionally detected up to the age of 9-12 months, and even at 15 months in a very few cases. The peak incidence of enterovirus RNA in serum was observed at the age of 6-12 months, while that of infections, based on changes in antibody titres, was seen at the age of 18 months. The frequency of enterovirus infections in the autoantibody-positive infants during the 6 months before the appearance of the first autoantibodies was almost three times higher than in age-matched infants testing negative for autoantibodies. These observations suggest that pregnancy does not have any strong modulating effect on the prevalence and titres of diabetes-associated autoantibodies. If such autoantibodies are present in the mother, most of them are transferred to the foetal circulation and are detectable in the cord blood. No signs of foetal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity were observed, indicating that such a phenomenon is extremely rare. Most of the transplacentally transferred autoantibodies disappear within the first 3-6 months of postnatal life, but they may persist even up to the age of 15 months in exceptional cases, suggesting that the optimal age for the initiation of large-scale screening in the general population is 18-24 months. The temporal association between enterovirus infections and the first signs of beta-cell autoimmunity supports the hypothesis that enteroviruses may induce a primary beta-cell insult.
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Books on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

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Rotbart, Harley A., ed. Human Enterovirus Infections. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.

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A, Rotbart Harley, ed. Human enterovirus infections. Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 1995.

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Bocharov, E. F., and V. E. I͡Avorskai͡a. Ėnterovirusnai͡a infekt͡sii͡a: Novye aspekty. Novosibirsk: "Nauka", Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1990.

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G, Farthing M. J., and Keusch Gerald, eds. Enteric infection: Mechanisms, manifestations, and management. New York, N.Y: Raven Press, 1989.

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Human Enterovirus Infections. 1995.

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Rotbart, Harley A. Human Enterovirus Infections. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2014.

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Berger, Stephen, and Inc Gideon Informatics. Enterovirus Infections: Global Status. Gideon Informatics, Incorporated, 2019.

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Berger, Stephen, and Inc Gideon Informatics. Enterovirus Infections: Global Status. Gideon Informatics, Incorporated, 2021.

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Berger, Stephen, and Inc Gideon Informatics. Enterovirus Infections: Global Status. Gideon Informatics, Incorporated, 2022.

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Gideon science GIDEON science team. Enterovirus Infections: Global Status. Gideon Informatics, Incorporated, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

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Ooi, Mong How, and Tom Solomon. "Enteroviruses: Enterovirus 71." In Viral Infections of Humans, 253–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_12.

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Ooi, Mong How, Tom Solomon, and Heli Harvala. "Enteroviruses: Enterovirus 71." In Viral Infections of Humans, 1–45. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9544-8_12-1.

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Jubelt, Burk. "Enterovirus Infections." In Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System, 117–42. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0425-7_6.

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Chonmaitree, Tasnee, and Linda Mann. "Respiratory Infections." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 255–70. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch12.

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Hellen, Christopher U. T., and Eckard Wimmer. "Enterovirus Genetics." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 25–72. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch2.

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Abzug, Mark J. "Perinatal Enterovirus Infections." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 221–38. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch10.

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Morens, David M., and Mark A. Pallansch. "Epidemiology." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 1–23. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch1.

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Dagan, Ron, and Marilyn A. Menegus. "Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Febrile Infant." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 239–54. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch11.

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Rotbart, Harley A. "Meningitis and Encephalitis." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 271–89. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch13.

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Martino, Tamara A., Peter Liu, Martin Petric, and Michael J. Sole. "Enteroviral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: a Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 291–351. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

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Rodman, Jasna, Tita Butenko, Ana Kotnik Pirš, Dušanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Tina Uršic, Miroslav Petrovec, and Uroš Krivec. "How dangerous are respiratory tract infections with enterovirus D68?" In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3621.

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Legostaev, S. S., E. V. Protopopova, R. Yu Lutkovsky, and V. A. Svyatchenko. "STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SARS-COV-2 CO-INFECTION WITH A NON-PATHOGENIC VARIANT OF THE COXSACKIE A7 VIRUS (LEV-8 STRAIN) AND ENTEROVIRUS 71." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-256.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the effects of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with non-pathogenic for humans strain LEV-8 (live enterovirus vaccine) of Coxsackie virus A7 and enterovirus 71 (EV71) on the model of cell cultures and laboratory animals. In vitro experiments showed that during infection enteroviruses and SARS-CoV-2 have a competitive inhibitory effect on each other, with a more pronounced degree of suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with enteroviruses in laboratory animals showed that preliminary infection with enteroviruses leads to a pronounced inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lungs of co-infected animals and a faster release of the lower respiratory tract from infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as to a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection. The results obtained indicate that the studied enteroviruses have a pronounced interfering activity during co-infection, which manifests itself in a sharp inhibition of the infectious activity of SARS-CoV-2.
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Senne, Carlos, Carlos Giafferi, Marcio Vega, Daiane Salomão, and Renan Domingues. "Clinical utility of FilmArray® in the diagnosis of nervous system infections." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.729.

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Introduction: The FilmArray® meningitis/encephalitis is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identifying 14 agents of central nervous system (CNS) infections, including bacteria, Cryptococcus and viruses. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical utility of using this method. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 101 patients with suspected CNS infection in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was submitted to FilmArray® and its diagnostic usefulness was evaluated. Results: Thirty-six CSF samples (35.6%) had a positive FilmArray® result. Twenty-six (72.2%) cases were positive for enterovirus, six (16.67%) were positive for HHV-6, two were positive for Parechovirus (5.56%), HSV-1, HSV-2, Haemophilus and Listeria=1 (2.78%). Of these 36 CSF samples, 34 (94.44%) had altered cytobiochemical CSF findings and 2 (5.56%) had no CSF abnormalities. None of these etiological agents were identified by other methods. Conclusion: FilmArray® was able to identify neuroinfection etiology in cases in which other etiological identification methods did not reveal the causative agent. In two cases with positive FilmArray® the CSF general analysis was normal. Therefore, this method increases diagnostic sensitivity and allows an early identification of the etiological agent, contributing to the clinical management of CNS infections.
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Martin de Frémont, G., H. Chabrolles, A. Mirand, A. S. L’honneur, N. Mele, D. Boutboul, M. Farhat, et al. "POS0700 SEVERE ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES RECEIVING ANTI-CD20 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES." In EULAR 2024 European Congress of Rheumatology, 12-15 June. Vienna, Austria. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.3005.

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Makiello, P., A. Vossen, and E. Wessels. "G612(P) Enterovirus D68 real-time 2-step PCR: a useful diagnostic tool in lower respiratory tract infections in children?" In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.526.

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Holmes, Lucy C., Kirsten St. George, Howard Faden, Marissa Burg, Rebekah Berti, Daryl Lamson, and Heather Lehman. "Retrospective Study on Patients Presenting with Wheezing and Enterovirus D68 Infection." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2015. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.140.1_meetingabstract.29.

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Butenko, Tita, Jasna Rodman, Ana Kotnik Pirs, Dusanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Tina Ursic, Miroslav Petrovec, and Uros Krivec. "Respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of enterovirus D68 infection outbreak in children." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1326.

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Smatti, Maria K., Hamad E. Al-Romaihi, Hebah A. Al-Khatib, Peter V. Coyle, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Muna A. Al Maslamani, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Influenza, RSV, and Other Respiratory Infections among Children in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0133.

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Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity among children. However, studies on the etiology of respiratory infections among children in Qatar and surrounding countries are still limited. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and seasonality of RSV, influenza, and other respiratory pathogens among children in Qatar. Methods: We retrospectively collected data of 33,404 patients <15 years old presented with Influenza-like illness (ILI) from 2012 to 2017. All samples were tested for influenza viruses, while 30,946 were tested for a complete panel of 21 respiratory pathogens. Results: At least one respiratory pathogen was detected in 26,138 (78%) of patients. Together, human rhinoviruses (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza viruses comprised nearly two-thirds of all ILI cases, detected in 24%, 19.7%, and 18.5%, respectively. A detection rate of 5-10% was recorded for adenovirus, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), bocavirus (HboV), and human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Other pathogens such as human metapneumovirus (HMPV), enteroviruses, mycoplasma pneumonia, and parechovirus had prevalence rates below 5%. ILI positive cases were detected throughout the year. RSV, influenza, HMPV exhibited strong seasonal activity in the winter, while HRV was primarily active during low RSV and influenza activity. The burden of RSV exceeds that of influenza among young age groups (<5 years), affecting 17-30% of ILI cases. Prevalence of influenza, on the other hand, correlated positively with age, ranging from 23% to 32% in age groups above five years. Further, male patients had higher rates of HRV (26%) and adenovirus (9%), whereas females showed a higher prevalence of influenza (22%), and RSV (20%) infections. Conclusion: This comprehensive report provides insights into the etiology of ILI among children in Qatar, which represents the Gulf region. Our results reinforce the significance of active surveillance of respiratory pathogens to improve infection prevention and control strategies, particularly among children.
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Manouvakhova, Olga, Nuriel Moghavem, and Johannes Pulst-Korenberg. "Adult-Onset Acute Flaccid Myelitis with White Matter-predominant Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis Following Coxsackie B5 Enterovirus Infection: a case report (P8-10.001)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000204066.

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Lessa, Ruan Teixeira, Daniel Pedrosa Cassiano, Yasmin Jawhari da Silva, Sebastião José de Almeida Júnior, Adrianny Freitas Teixeira, Ana Luíza Paes da Silveira, Antônio Henrique Roberti dos Santos, et al. "Epidemiological study on hospitalizations for viral encephalitis in Brazil between january 2010 to december 2020." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.561.

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Introduction: Viral encephalitis (VE) is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that progresses to neurological dysfunction of infectious origin. It occurs after hematogenous dissemination into the Central Nervous System and the most common agents are herpes virus, influenza, enterovirus, arbovirus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr. The signs and symptoms are headache, fever, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, focal deficits and behavioral changes. Objective: Recognize the epidemiological pattern of hospitalizations for VE in Brazil, between 2010 and 2020. Methods: A search for original articles and statistical information was performed in the databases Scielo, PUBMED, Medline and DATASUS, the latter related hospitalizations for VE with region, age, gender and year. Results: Hospitalizations are greater between 0 and 14 Y.O. (59.6%) in both genders, being 1.38M: 1F. The data indicate: <1 Y.O. (15%), 1-4 Y.O. (18.1%), 5-9 Y.O. (16.2%), 10-14 Y.O. (10.2%), totalizing 59.5% (21,004) of hospitalizations (35,188) in these groups, also intensified, between 20-29 Y.O., with 3,956 cases (11.2%). Comparing 2010 and 2020 there was a 63.4% reduction in hospitalizations for VE and the Southeast had the highest rate of the disease (42.1%). Conclusion: The epidemiological pattern of VE in the last decade represented higher prevalence in the interval between 0 and 14 Y.O.; mainly from 1 to 4. The decrease in the last 11 years may be due to adherence to vaccination campaigns and increased vector control, while the hypothesis for the higher incidence in the Southeast is because it is the most populous region, with favorable geographical areas for viral dissemination.
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Reports on the topic "Enterovirus Infections"

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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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