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1
Gogolla, Martin, ed. An Extended Entity-Relationship Model. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57648-7.
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Gogolla, Martin. An extended entity-relationship model: Fundamentals and pragmatics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
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An extended entity-relationship model: Fundamentals and pragmatics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
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Knight, D. R. Equivalence and transformation of entity-relationship type conceptual data models. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.
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Varlamov, Oleg. Mivar databases and rules. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1508665.
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The multidimensional open epistemological active network MOGAN is the basis for the transition to a qualitatively new level of creating logical artificial intelligence. Mivar databases and rules became the foundation for the creation of MOGAN. The results of the analysis and generalization of data representation structures of various data models are presented: from relational to "Entity — Relationship" (ER-model). On the basis of this generalization, a new model of data and rules is created: the mivar information space "Thing-Property-Relation". The logic-computational processing of data in this new model of data and rules is shown, which has linear computational complexity relative to the number of rules. MOGAN is a development of Rule - Based Systems and allows you to quickly and easily design algorithms and work with logical reasoning in the "If..., Then..." format. An example of creating a mivar expert system for solving problems in the model area "Geometry"is given. Mivar databases and rules can be used to model cause-and-effect relationships in different subject areas and to create knowledge bases of new-generation applied artificial intelligence systems and real-time mivar expert systems with the transition to"Big Knowledge".
The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems.
Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.
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International Conference on Entity-Relationship Approach (12th 1993 Arlington, Tex.). Entity-relationship approach, ER '93: 12th International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach, Arlington, Texas, USA, December 15-17, 1993 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.
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Handgraaf, Darrel L. Entity-Relationship Model vs. Extended Semantic Hierarchal model for conceptual modeling. 1986.
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Theodossakis, Emmanuel G. Specification of conceptual database schema languages: ---based on an extended entity-relationship model. Bradford, 1988.
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J, Holley P., and Leicester Polytechnic. Centre for Applied Research in Information Systems., eds. A Practical syntax checker for entity-relationship models. Leicester: The Polytechnic, 1987.
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(Editor), Ramez A. Elmasri, Vram Kouramajian (Editor), and Bernhard Thalheim (Editor), eds. Entity-Relationship Approach - ER '93: 12th International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach, Arlington, Texas, USA, December 15 - 17, 1993. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 1994.
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Kenski, Kate, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Political Communication. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.86.
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Two recent changes in the political arena should prompt a rethinking of our theories and definitions of political communication: the emergence of trans-national and non-national actors on the international political stage and the enhanced ability of individuals to convey messages to large scale audiences. For example, the entity called IS, ISIL or ISIS has demonstrated that it can set the agendas of both legacy media and elected leaders with evocative messaging that reaches a mass public while at the same time bypassing traditional media gatekeepers. This chapter argues that our theories about the altered relationships among leaders, media, and publics should forsake key assumptions in the “transmission” model, are amendable to a focus on message, and reconsider concepts such as the two-step flow. This changed environment requires as well that a definition of political communication include a concept of power not predicated on top-down models of understanding.
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Jaquet, Chantal. Introduction. Translated by Tatiana Reznichenko. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433181.003.0001.
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The observation that the Spinozan model of the union of the body and mind serves as a reference point and a model in contemporary neurobiology, particularly in the works of Damasio, Changeux, and Atlan, is a starting point for a reflection on Spinoza's current popularity. The author highlights the need to go back to historical sources and re-examine the mind-body relationship on a philosophical basis, founded on an analysis of Spinoza's thought on the subject, and how it evolved over the entire corpus.
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Bell, Adam Patrick. Mixing the Multitrack. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190296605.003.0007.
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Employing the metaphor of mixing a multitrack recording, chapter 7 presents a cross-case analysis that irradiates the salient facets of each case study, bringing to the forefront both the consonant and dissonant relationships across cases. From these analyses, a number of important findings are presented. First, the DIY studio as a music-making entity can be conceptualized as functioning in at least two different models: the do-it-alone (DIA) studio and the do-it-with-others (DIWO) studio. Second, existing computer-based compositional and learning models are referenced to demonstrate how these frameworks need to evolve to reflect current music production practices. Lastly, Lucy Green’s criteria of informal learning are used to examine the learning explained and exhibited by the participants profiled in part II, most notably self-teaching.
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Clark, Gordon L., and Ashby H. B. Monk. Outsourcing and the Principal–Agent Problem. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 relates the conventional model of pension-fund governance and management to the theory and practice of investment. It recommends that the search for an alternative is due. Outsourcing is discussed as an alternative to insourcing. Rather than managing providers through service contracts insourcing utilizes employment contracts with terms and conditions reflecting the objectives of the organization and the market premium available to those with skills and expertise. An alternative model of pension-fund governance and management is introduced. This chapter tables the ways in which the outsourced chief investment officer (OCIO) model has emerged and how this model compares with others. The principles and practices associated with best practice are reviewed, as well as the challenges associated with governing relationships with entities charged with responsibility for managing the entire value chain. Nine interdependent principles underpinning best-practice OCIO management are identified and described.
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Wittman, David M. The Elements of Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.001.0001.
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Relativity is a set of remarkable insights into the way space and time work. The basic notion of relativity, first articulated by Galileo, explains why we do not feel Earth moving as it orbits the Sun and was successful for hundreds of years. We present thinking tools that elucidate Galilean relativity and prepare us for the more modern understanding. We then show how Galilean relativity breaks down at speeds near the speed of light, and follow Einstein’s steps in working out the unexpected relationships between space and time that we now call special relativity. These relationships give rise to time dilation, length contraction, and the twin “paradox” which we explain in detail. Throughout, we emphasize how these effects are tightly interwoven logically and graphically. Our graphical understanding leads to viewing space and time as a unified entity called spacetime whose geometry differs from that of space alone, giving rise to these remarkable effects. The same geometry gives rise to the energy?momentum relation that yields the famous equation E = mc2, which we explore in detail. We then show that this geometric model can explain gravity better than traditional models of the “force” of gravity. This gives rise to general relativity, which unites relativity and gravity in a coherent whole that spawns new insights into the dynamic nature of spacetime. We examine experimental tests and startling predictions of general relativity, from everyday applications (GPS) to exotic phenomena such as gravitomagnetism, gravitational waves, Big Bang cosmology, and especially black holes.
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Nethercut, Jason S. Ennius Noster. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197517697.001.0001.
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This study argues that Lucretius engages in a comprehensive revision of the entire Ennian value system, literary as well as philosophical, in terms of form as well as content. Lucretius selected Ennius as a model precisely in order to dismantle thoroughly the values for which he claimed Ennius stood. These values include the cosmic importance of history as a poetic subject in general, the importance of Rome’s historical achievement in particular, and Ennius’ innovative, quasi-philosophical conception of literary history. This is the first book-length treatment of the relationship between Lucretius and Ennius in any language, and the only study to date to offer substantial analysis of this relationship. It therefore fills an important gap not only in Lucretian scholarship, but also in our understanding of Latin literary history.
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Glatz, Claudia. The Hittite State and Empire from Archaeological Evidence. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0040.
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This article shows how the material culture can sometimes be an even clearer lens through which scholars may view the Hittite imperial organization and modes of engagement. The evidence for the selective adoption of north-central Anatolian ceramic traditions in neighboring regions, changes and continuity in local settlement systems, the direction and intensity of Hittite administrative efforts, and the dialogue of territorial hegemony carried out via landscape monuments suggest that empire, rather than a monolithic entity, is best conceptualized as a complex web of interactions. Imperial–local relationships were less clear cut and in favor of all-encompassing central control than one might infer from the Hittite documents. Instead, we gain the impression of an ongoing process or negotiation of empire that is carried out on a range of different cultural, political, and social levels, and which is neither complete nor uncontested in its closest periphery and throughout its existence.
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Marks, Amber, Ben Bowling, and Colman Keenan. Automatic Justice? Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.32.
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This chapter examines how forensic science and technology are reshaping crime investigation, prosecution, and the administration of criminal justice. It highlights the profound effect of new scientific techniques, data collection devices, and mathematical analysis on the traditional criminal justice system. These blur procedural boundaries that have hitherto been central, while automating and procedurally compressing the entire criminal justice process. Technological innovation has also resulted in mass surveillance and eroded ‘double jeopardy’ protections due to scientific advances that enable the revisiting of conclusions reached long ago. These innovations point towards a system of ‘automatic justice’ that minimizes human agency and undercut traditional due process safeguards that have hitherto been central to the criminal justice model. To rebalance the relationship between state and citizen in a system of automatic criminal justice, we may need to accept the limitations of the existing criminal procedure framework and deploy privacy and data protection law.
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Graves, Margaret S. Occupied Objects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695910.003.0004.
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The human form can impart both scale and spatial logic to the objects it adorns. This phenomenon was put to unexpected and sometimes humorous ends by medieval artisans. Focusing on perception, this chapter considers the role of the human figure in architectural allusions on objects from the twelfth- and thirteenth-century Iranian plateau. The power of the represented human form is explored first through ceramic stands that make explicit reference to architectural pavilions. After these, a group of inlaid metalwork inkwells, and the delicately allusive nature of their relationships with full-scale architecture, form the chapter’s main focus. This study models a means of approach that considers the complex ornamental programs of these objects in their entirety: architectural, figural, epigraphic, geometric, and vegetal ornament are recognized as inseparable from each other and also from the three-dimensional materiality of objects that respond to vision, touch, movement, and use.
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Roseman, Mark. The Holocaust in European History. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.29.
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This chapter outlines some of the Holocaust’s fundamental causes and characteristics, and its parallels and contrasts with other genocides. It begins by reminding readers of the profound questioning and uncertainty about human progress that emerged in the wake of the experience of National Socialism and the Holocaust, as a result of which our relationship to the modern world has changed. It notes the continuing difficulty historians, social scientists, and others face in applying general models or frameworks to explain the Holocaust, despite a growing consensus that it is neither uniquely mysterious nor a unique event. It then identifies a series of causal moments—crisis, ideology and specifically anti-Semitism, participation, total war, imperialism, and collaboration—that provide entry points to understanding the Holocaust, and at the same time illustrate the ways it mirrors and diverges from other genocides and mega-murders. It concludes with one of the Holocaust’s most distinctive features—the scale and sophistication of victim chronicles of the event.
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Geary, Patrick. Longobardi in the Sixth Century without Paulus Diaconus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0006.
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This chapter attempts to construct a model of the relationships between Pannonia and Italy in the sixth century from archaeological, textual, and genetic sources without recourse to the master narrative imposed by Paulus centuries later. Although frequently criticized, the seductiveness of his account and his putative reliance on the Origo gentis Langobardorum and a lost history of Secundus of Trent have inevitably led scholars to attempt to reconcile his account of Longobard early history with fragmentary material evidence and the testimony of authors contemporary to the events Paulus recorded over two hundred years later. However, since the Origo is itself a seventh-century text and Secundus, too, was writing in the seventh century, it is perhaps worthwhile to consider, as a thought experiment, what the history of the Longobards would look like if one attempted to reconstruct it from sixth century sources without recourse to Paulus or to the Origo. The purpose of this chapter is not ultimately to reject Paulus or the Origo in their entirety, but rather, as a thought experiment, to ask what image might emerge of Pannonia and Italy in this crucial period without them.
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Kainer, Friedemann, and René Repasi, eds. Trade Relations after Brexit. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845293349.
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The exit of the United Kingdom from the EU represents the first large-scale reversal of European integration. It will, in particular, have an appreciable impact on the trade relations with the European continent. This edited volume brings together contributions from leading economists and legal scholars that raise crucial questions and challenges with respect to the Brexit negotiations. In doing so, the contributions do not only look at the withdrawal agreement but, beyond that, at the future trade relations between the UK and the EU after the entry into force of a possible withdrawal agreement. The authors are driven by the conviction that the future relationship between EU and UK shall allow the utmost possible degree of economic freedoms in the benefit of both sides, taking into account political restraints deriving from UK to meet the main objectives of the Brexit campaign and addressing the special circumstance of the Northern Irish peace process, and from the EU, preventing the emergence of incentives to destabilise the European integration. Against this background, the contributions develop realistic solutions which can serve as a reliable model for the negotiation process.
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Gulati, Namrata, and Tridip Ray. Inequality and Neighbourhood Effects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0011.
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The key insight in our research is to recognize inequality–neighbourhood interaction: neighbourhood effects interacting with income inequality may affect poor people’s ability to access basic facilities like health-care services, schooling, and so on. While Gulati and Ray (2016) model this interaction on a monopolist service provider in a neighbourhood structured as a linear city where rich and poor consumers live side by side, in this chapter we extend the analysis to a competitive framework with free entry and exit where the natural neighbourhood structure is a circular city. We find inverted-U shape relationships between income inequality and market access and welfare of the poor: if we compare a cross-section of societies, the poor community as a whole is initially better off living in relatively richer societies, but, beyond a point, the aggregate market access and consumer surplus of the poor starts declining as society becomes richer. We identify the possibility of complete exclusion of the poor from the market: a scenario where the service providers cater only to the rich and the poor have absolutely no market access, and find that it is the higher income gap between rich and poor that exposes the poor to this unfortunate outcome.
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Heyman, Barbara B. Samuel Barber. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863739.001.0001.
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Samuel Barber (1910–1981) was one of the most important and honored American composers of the twentieth century. Writing in a great variety of musical forms—symphonies, concertos, operas, vocal music, chamber music—he infused his works with poetic lyricism and gave tonal language and forms new vitality. His rich legacy includes such famous compositions as the Adagio for Strings, the orchestral song Knoxville: Summer of 1915, three concertos, and his two operas, the Pulitzer Prize–winning Vanessa and Antony and Cleopatra, a commissioned work that opened the new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center in New York. Generously documented by letters, sketchbooks, original musical manuscripts, and interviews with friends, colleagues, and performers with whom he worked, this book covers Barber’s entire career and all of his compositions. The biographical material on Barber is closely interspersed with a discussion of his music, displaying Barber’s creative processes at work from his early student compositions to his mature masterpieces. The book also provides the social context in which this major composer grew: his education; how he built his career; the evolving musical tastes of American audiences; his relationship with Gian Carlo Menotti and such musical giants as Serge Koussevitzky, Arturo Toscanini, Vladimir Horowitz; and the role of radio in the promotion of his music. A testament to the significance of neo-Romanticism, Samuel Barber stands as a model biography of an important American musical figure.