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Journal articles on the topic 'Entrained bed reactor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Li, Zhi He, Wei Ming Yi, Qiao Chun Gao, Yong Jun Li, Xue Yuan Bai, and De Li Zhang. "Research on Pyrolysis Reactors for Bio-Oil Production from Agricultural Residues." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.459.

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This paper provides an updated review on fast biomass pyrolysis reactors for bio-oil production in Shandong University of Technology. The technologies that were developed include horizontal entrained bed (HEB), fluidized bed (FB), down flow tuber reactor (DFTR), double concentric cylinder rotary reactor (DCCRR) and new type down flow tube reactor (N-DFTR). The patented DFTR, DCCRR and N-DFTR in China were developed based on the technology of direct heat exchange between hot solid heat carriers and biomass particles during both of the particles flowing in a mixed condition. The process and characteristics of each reactor were discussed in this topic. Contrasting to conventional reactors, the DFTR, DCCRR and N-DFTR are promising technologies due to their characteristics of high solid-liquid conversion rate, energy self-sufficient, easy operation and scaling up.

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2

OHTA, Yoshihiko, Hiroshi DEMIZU, Shoji FUKUNAGA, Yoshihiko NINOMIYA, and Mizuho HIRATO. "Behavior of Char Particles in a Laboratory-scale Entrained Bed Reactor." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 71, no. 11 (1992): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.71.1118.

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3

Uemura, Yoshimitsu, Sumio Nezu, Hidetaka Honda, Yoshihiro Ohzuno, Kazuya Ijichi, and Yasuo Hatate. "Inorganic microballoon production from shinju-gan using an entrained bed reactor." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 16, no. 6 (November 1999): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02698361.

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4

Butler, D., Y. Xiao, S. H. P. G. Karunaratne, and S. Thedchanamoorthy. "The gully pot as a physical, chemical and biological reactor." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (April 1, 1995): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0237.

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The gully pot operates under two distinct regimes: dry weather and wet weather. During dry weather, rapid drops in dissolved oxygen concentration result in the establishment of anaerobic conditions. This leads to the release of oxygen demanding soluble organics, ammonium and possibly sulphides. Complex changes also occur to the phase and bio-availability of a range of heavy metals. Concurrently, some material previously held in suspension in the inflow settles to the base of the pot to form a bed whilst significant amounts of smaller material remain in suspension. The bed formed under the liquor seems to undergo an aging process. In wet weather, incoming runoff rapidly displaces the standing liquor, which can represent a significant fraction of the total flow volume and pollutant load contributing to a first foul flush. The solids trapping efficiency of the pot is high for larger particles, but poor for smaller particles which carry proportionately more of the pollutant load. Organics and smaller solids can be re-entrained, but there is little evidence of large-scale overturning of the bed.

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5

Chen, Ming-Hong, Yau-Pin Chyou, and Ting Wang. "Simulation of Coal Gasification in a Low-Temperature, High-Pressure Entrained-Bed Reactor with a Volatiles Condensation and Re-Evaporation Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030510.

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The objective of this study is to implement a tar condensation and re-vaporization sub-model in a previously established Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for the Entrained Slagging Transport Reactor (E-STR) gasifier, modified from the existing E-Gasifier simulation models in previous studies. The major modifications in E-STR, compared to the existing E-GasTM design, include higher operating pressure and lower temperature, with the aim of achieving a higher H2/CO ratio of syngas, which is more favorable for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production. In this study, the aforementioned sub-model is described by the UDF (User-Defined Function) and incorporated in a previously developed computational model for entrained-flow gasification process, to study the syngas composition without implementing a tars-cracking catalyst in the E-STR gasifier. The results show that incorporating the tar condensation model leads to a formation of approximately 6.47% liquid volatiles and an exit temperature increase about 135 K, due to the release of latent heat. These sub-models have been successfully implemented and will be useful in the condition that the gasifier temperature is intentionally kept low, just as the E-STR gasifier. The results indicate that high pressure and less oxygen feed produce a higher H2/CO ratio, more favorable for SNG production.

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6

Liang, Dingcheng, Qiang Xie, Chaoran Wan, Guangsheng Li, and Junya Cao. "Evolution of structural and surface chemistry during pyrolysis of Zhundong coal in an entrained-flow bed reactor." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 140 (June 2019): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.04.010.

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7

Everaert, Kim, Jan Baeyens, and Claude Creemers. "Adsorption of dioxins and furans from flue gases in an entrained flow or fixed/moving bed reactor." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 78, no. 2-3 (2003): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.752.

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8

Liang, Dingcheng, Qiang Xie, Zheng Wei, Chaoran Wan, Guangsheng Li, and Junya Cao. "Transformation of alkali and alkaline earth metals in Zhundong coal during pyrolysis in an entrained flow bed reactor." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 142 (September 2019): 104661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104661.

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9

Cui, Lijie, Wenli Song, Jiayuan Zhang, Jianzhong Yao, and Weigang Lin. "Influence of the Gas and Particle Residence Time on Fast Pyrolysis of Lignite." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 2 (July 19, 2006): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2719208.

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Coal resource is abundant in China, while the reserves of natural gas and petroleum are limited. Due to the rapid increase in the number of automobiles, a competitive way to produce liquid fuels from coal is urgently needed in China. A so-called “coal topping process” is under development at the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from which liquid products can be obtained by flash pyrolysis in an integrated circulating fluidized bed system. In order to achieve a high yield of liquid products from high volatile coal, controlling the residence time of coal particles and produced gas may be of importance for minimizing the degree of the secondary reactions; i.e., polymerization and cracking of the liquid products. Experiments of the flash pyrolysis of coal have been conducted in an entrained bed reactor, which is especially designed to study the influence of the coal particle residence time on the product distribution. The results show that the gaseous, liquid, and solid product distribution, the gas compositions as well as the liquid compositions depend strongly on the gas and particle residence time.

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10

Chen, Zhiyuan, Suping Zhang, Zhenqi Chen, and Ding Ding. "An integrated process for hydrogen-rich gas production from cotton stalks: The simultaneous gasification of pyrolysis gases and char in an entrained flow bed reactor." Bioresource Technology 198 (December 2015): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.015.

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11

Qi, Binbin, Omar Farid, Alexandre França Velo, Jihane Mendil, Sebastián Uribe, Yasunobu Kaneko, Kei Sakakura, Yasuhito Kagota, and Muthanna Al-Dahhan. "Tracking the heavy metal contaminants entrained with the flow into a Trickle bed hydrotreating Reactor packed with different catalyst shapes using newly developed noninvasive Dynamic radioactive particle Tracking." Chemical Engineering Journal 429 (February 2022): 132277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132277.

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12

Pomykała, Radosław. "Properties of Waste from Coal Gasification in Entrained Flow Reactors in the Aspect of Their Use in Mining Technology / Właściwości odpadów ze zgazowania węgla w reaktorach dyspersyjnych w aspekcie ich wykorzystania w technologiach górniczych." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0026.

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Most of the coal gasification plants based of one of the three main types of reactors: fixed bed, fluidized bed or entrained flow. In recent years, the last ones, which works as „slagging“ reactors (due to the form of generated waste), are very popular among commercial installations. The article discusses the characteristics of the waste from coal gasification in entrained flow reactors, obtained from three foreign installations. The studies was conducted in terms of the possibilities of use these wastes in mining technologies, characteristic for Polish underground coal mines. The results were compared with the requirements of Polish Standards for the materials used in hydraulic backfill as well as suspension technology: solidification backfill and mixtures for gob caulking.

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13

WADA, Hiroyuki, Yoshihiro OHZUNO, Kazuya IJICHI, Sumio NEZU, Yoshimitsu UEMURA, and Yasuo HATATE. "Development of an Entrain Bed Reactor for Producing Shirasu Microballoons." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 30, no. 3 (2004): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.30.298.

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14

Lai, Jyun-Lin, Win-Jet Luo, Yean-Der Kuan, and Pai-Jun Zhang. "The Effect of Hydrogen Production Rate of the via Different Preparation of Co-Based Catalyst with Sodium Borohydride." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050528.

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This study processed the water vapor entrained in the NaBH4 hydrogen production reaction inside the primary hydrogen production tank through the secondary hydrogen production tank, in order to increase total hydrogen production. γ-Al2O3 was used as the carrier for the hydrolytic hydrogen production reaction in the primary hydrogen production tank. The reaction was chelated with metal catalyst Co2+ at different concentrations to produce the catalyst. Next, the adopted catalyst concentration and different catalyst bed temperatures were tested. The secondary hydrogen production tank was tested using NaBH4 powder and multiple NaBH4+ Co2+ mixed powders at different ratios. The powder was refined by ball milling with different steel ball ratios to enlarge the contact area between the water vapor and powder. The ball milling results from carriers at different concentrations, different catalyst bed temperatures, NaBH4+ Co2+ mixed powders in different ratios and different steel ball ratios were discussed as the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production in relation to the hydrolytic hydrogen production reaction. The experimental results show that the hydrolytic hydrogen production reaction is good when 45 wt% Co2+/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is placed in the primary hydrogen production tank at a catalyst bed temperature of 55 °C. When the NaBH4+ Co2+ mixed powder in a ratio of 7:3 and steel balls in a ratio of 1:4 were placed in the secondary hydrogen production tank for 2 h of ball milling, the hydrogen production increased favorably. The hydrogen storage can be increased effectively without wasting the water vapor entrained in the hydrolytic hydrogen production reaction, and the water vapor effect on back-end storage can be reduced.

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15

Cho, H. C., J. K. Park, and H. D. Shin. "The behavior of flame front with heating mechanisms in two entrained-bed coal reactors." Fuel 78, no. 8 (June 1999): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00014-9.

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16

"98/00739 H2S removal by injection of calcium based sorbents in an entrained bed reactor." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 39, no. 1 (January 1998): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(97)86001-8.

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17

"Gasification of grapevine pruning waste in an entrained-flow reactor: gas products, energy efficiency and gas conditioning alternatives." Issue 2 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000679.

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Owing to its higher efficiency and versatility, gasification is seen as a necessary evolution in the development of biomass energy systems. This technology has been primarily tested in fixed bed (updraft and downdraft) and fluidised bed reaction systems, with less information available about the potential of entrained-flow reactors. This latter design benefits from a relatively simple mechanical structure, robustness against severe gasification conditions and also reduced investment and operating costs. This paper describes the development of a pilot scale entrained-flow reactor and evaluates its performance in the gasification of wood waste left over from the pruning of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The original biomass was initially analysed for its chemical composition and thermal behaviour. A series of gasification trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and relative biomass/air ratio (Frg) on the yield, composition, heating value of the resulting syngas. The cold gas efficiency of the system was determined for different operating conditions from the heating value and yields of the resulting producer gas. The results showed that the use of higher temperatures caused a small increase in overall gas yields (from 1.76 Nm3 kg-1 at 750ºC to 1.96 Nm3 kg-1 at 1050ºC) and a notable rise in its heating value (from 3.65 MJ kg-1 at 750ºC to 4.95 MJ kg-1 at 1050ºC), primarily derived from an increase in the concentration of hydrogen. The experimental results show a reduction in the fuel properties of the producer gas when using biomass/air ratios (Frg) below 2.5, which was attributed to the partial combustion of the producer gas. However, this effect was largely counteracted by the production of higher gas yields (3.39 Nm3 kg-1 for Frg = 2.16 compared to 1.96 Nm3 kg-1 for Frg = 4.05), owing to the higher conversion of the fuel at low biomass/air ratios. Optimum gasification conditions (cold gas efficiency up to 83.06 %) were reached when using high reaction temperatures (1050ºC) and low Frg (2.19). This paper also provides a final review about the formation of unwanted tars and particulates in gasification processes, its effect in energy applications, and the use of alternative technologies (thermocatalytic cracking, reforming, water-gas shift) for the conditioning and upgrading of the resulting gas stream.

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18

"Catalytic Oxychlorination Process Optimization for the Conversion of Ethylene to Ethylene Dichloride." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6419.018520.

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The catalytic oxychlorination of ethylene is widely used for the production of ethylene dichloride (EDC) which is an essential step for the production of poly-vinyl chloride (PVC). However, catalyst entrainment from the fluidization reactor has formed a problem and caused the loss of expensive catalyst powder with the outlet gas, hence less conversion in achieved. In this research we studied the catalytic oxychlorination of ethylene over the surface of geldart A powder with average particle size of 80 microns. Simulation was developed using Aspen plus and Mat Lab. It was validated against the industrial data and they were matching. Various operating conditions and variables were studied. The effect of fluidized gas velocity, bubble diameter, temperature and pressure on solid catalyst entrainment rate. In addition, the copper content from the quencher bottom was analyzed. It was found that the entrainment rate increased with the increase in fluidized gas velocity, bubble diameter, reactor temperature and pressure. While on the other hand increasing orifice diameter decreased the amount of entrained catalyst within the fluidized bed. It was found that the optimum superficial gas velocity is 2570.4 m 3 /hr.and the optimum orifice diameter is 1 cm. At this condition the lowest rate of solids entrainment out of the bed will be reached. This will decrease the amount of lost catalyst and the process will be more economic with higher gas conversion.

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19

Wang, Xun, Yunhan Xiao, Song Xu, and Zhigang Guo. "Predicting the Performance of System for the Co-production of Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Liquid and Power from Coal." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2747644.

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A co-production system based on Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactor and gas turbine was simulated and analyzed. Syngas from entrained bed coal gasification was used as feedstock of the low-temperature slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Raw synthetic liquid produced was fractioned and upgraded to diesel, gasoline, and liquid petrol gas (LPG). Tail gas composed of unconverted syngas and FT light components was fed to the gas turbine. Supplemental fuel (NG, or refinery mine gas) might be necessary, which was dependent on gas turbine capacity, expander through flow capacity, etc. FT yield information was important to the simulation of this co-production system. A correlation model based on Mobil’s two step pilot plant was applied. This model proposed triple chain-length-dependent chain growth factors and set up correlations among reaction temperatures with wax yield, methane yield, and C2–C22 paraffin and olefin yields. Oxygenates in the hydrocarbon, water, and vapor phases were also correlated with methane yield. It was suitable for syngas, iron catalyst, and slurry bed. We can show the effect of temperature on the products’ selectivity and distribution. User models that can predict product yields and cooperate with other units were embedded into Aspen plus simulation. Performance prediction of syngas fired gas turbine was the other key of this system. The increase in mass flow through the turbine affects the match between compressor and turbine operating conditions. The calculation was carried out by GS software developed by Politecnico Di Milano and Princeton University. The simulated performance assumed that the expander operates under choked conditions and turbine inlet temperature equals the NG fired gas turbine. A “F” technology gas turbine was selected to generate power. Various cases were investigated to match the FT synthesis island, power island, and gasification island in co-production systems. Effects of CO2 removal/LPG recovery, co-firing, and CH4 content variation were studied. Simulation results indicated that more than 50% of input energy was converted to electricity and FT products. Total yield of gasoline, diesel, and LPG was 136–155g∕Nm3(CO+H2). At coal feed of 21.9kg∕s, net electricity exported to the grid was higher than 100MW. Total production of diesel and gasoline (and LPG) was 118,000t(134,000t)∕year. Under the economic analysis conditions assumed in this paper, the co-production system was economically feasible. The after tax profits can research 17 million euro. Payback times ranged from 6 to 7 years.

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20

"00/03441 The behavior of flame front with heating mechanisms in two entrained-bed coal reactors." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 41, no. 6 (November 2000): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(00)94514-4.

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21

"00/00456 The behaviour of flame front with heating mechanisms in two entrained-bed coal reactors." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 41, no. 1 (January 2000): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(00)95242-1.

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22

Hulet, Craig, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan, and Siva Ariyapadi. "Entrainment and Stability of a Horizontal Gas-Liquid Jet in a Fluidized Bed." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.1127.

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Fluid coking is a non-catalytic process where heavy hydrocarbon feed, sprayed using jets into a fluidized bed reactor, cracks upon contacting hot coke particles and produces valuable volatile fractions. It is estimated that the Alberta tar sands contain 1.7 trillion barrels of oil, equivalent to 35% of the worlds crude oil reserves, of which the majority is processed using fluid cokers. Important parameters that affect the yield of fluid cokers include the feed jet stability and therefore its ability to entrain and mix the injected feedstock with the fluidized coke particles. To this purpose, this study investigated the effect of the use of various types of draft tubes, placed downstream of the feed jet to enhance mixing, on solids entrainment and jet stability.Specifically, it has been demonstrated with the use of a gas-liquid and gas-only jet that an optimum distance exists between the nozzle and draft tube for entrainment of solids. For both cases, this optimal distance occurs as the jet touches the draft tube wall. However, for a gas-only jet this occurs at a shorter distances due to the increased angle of expansion. The angles of expansion were confirmed using triboelectric probe measurements. It has also been shown that the shape of the inlet to the draft tube will have an effect on the rate of solids entrainment as will the presence of pulsations in the jet.

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