Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entraînement (Sports)'
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Calmels, Claire. "Effets de l'entrainement mental sur la performance et sur le développement de l'imagerie chez les gymnastes de haut niveau." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100137.
Full textMental training is very important for high level performance. The aim of this study so to make an inventory of mental techniques used by elite gymnasts, to systematize them and to elaborate a mental training program. Then, this program is testes and we study these effects on the performance, on its regularity, on the imagery development and on imagery use. We also study the temporal parameter: mental movement times were compared with real movement times. Results show that the gymnasts, practicing mental training combined with physical training, improve their performances at two apparatus (bars and floor) and their imagery ability (visual and kinesthetic imagery, control) more than the gymnasts, practicing only physical training. This development depends on the age and individual imagery differences of subjects. We observe no important change in imagery use. We notice that the similarity between mental movement times and real movement times depends on apparatus and on the age the subjects. This similarity has no influence on performance but it's a good indicator of imagery control quality
Elloumi, Mohamed. "Suivi hormonal, métabolique, nutritionel et comportemental du sportif de haut niveau : relation avec la compétition et la récupération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF20047.
Full textJullien, Hugues. "Comparaison de tests de laboratoire : approche de l'incidence des résultats dans le contrôle physiologique de l'entraînement sur le terrain. (cas de la course a pied)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF22516.
Full textMaamouri, Leila. "Etude des dimensions constitutives de la condition physique : analyse de la relation entre la condition physique et la santé." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2328.
Full textDiallo, Ousmane. "Effets de l'entrainement et du désentrainement sur la performance anaérobie du jeune footballeur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20034.
Full textDellal, Alexandre. "Analyse de l'activité physique du footballeur et de ses conséquences dans l'orientation de l'entraînement : application spécifique aux exercices intermittents courses à haute intensité et aux jeux réduits." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/DELLAL_Alexandre_2008.pdf.
Full textThe optimization of the training in football needs a precise analyze of the soccer player activity during an official game. This thesis allowed to identify the physical implications in direct relationship with technical and tactical qualities according to the positions occupied on the pitch. Our results have shown the importance of the repeated sprints and repeated high intensity run capacity. .
Thomas, Luc. "Etude théorique des effets de l'entraînement sur la performance : application à l'optimisation des charges d'entraînement pendant la préparation terminale pour une compétition." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET001T.
Full textCorbeau, Joël. "Tests "Force - Vitesse", Wingate test, tests de terrain : corrélations et étude sous l'effet de l'entraînement." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE01NR.
Full textGafsi, Mounir. "L'homéopathie dans la prévention et la récupération chez le sportif." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P061.
Full textHoungan, Azeleme Comlan Clément. "Pour une politique de développement de la pratique des activités physiques et sportives par et pour le plus grand nombre en République du Bénin." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR28095.
Full textThe mass sport has been proclaimed by the government since 1976. But people are not adhering to it. The same attitude can be observed about "exercise centers" which have been opened since 1987. All this shows that defining "sport fpr amm" policies is not so easy. Our investigations made, we have discovered that people developed new practices which largely go beyong institutional sport associations and "exercise centers". Therefore, "sport for all" policies couldn't be limited to just suppling people with equipments and predetermined entertainment activities. On the contrary, permanent researches should help satisfy the social demand
Orth, Dominic. "Dynamics of acquiring adaptive skills in a complex multi-articular task : constraints on meta-stable actions." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL019.
Full textThis thesis, based on key ideas in ecological dynamics, presents data supporting a re-definition of the concept of learning and transfer of skills, using climbing as the research vehicle. The research programme sought to determine how environment-performance relationships support the acquisition of multi-articular skills, attempting to identify mechanisms that support improved transfer of learning due to practice. Specifically, these were learning contexts that induced behavioural meta-stability (a coexistence of stable and unstable coordination tendencies, and consequently promoted exploration of different motor behaviours), a mechanism through which individuals may exploit existing skills to also explore new, potentially more effective coordination modes. The programme of work addressed by this thesis was: (1) how skill was related to the exploration of behavioural opportunities (affordances) during performance; (2) how movement variability was related to performance during practice, and; (3) the underpinning role of exploration in supporting the transfer of learning. A pre- and post-test intervention design used a scanning procedure to determine the effect of practice on the stability of different climbing patterns of coordination. A group of beginners were shown to transition toward advanced styles of climbing and their performance on a transfer test revealed comparable levels of movement pattern stability to that of a more experienced group. Better climbing fluency in unfamiliar routes was related to increased exploratory behavior during training conditions. In early practice, exploratory behavior was associated with poor performance. After practice, increased exploration under transfer conditions was associated with better performance. The research evidence in this thesis suggests that, in complex multi-articular skills, exploration is a key mechanism for acquiring new skills and can support skills transfer
Girold, Sébastien. "Entraînement en sprint assisté et contre résistance : relation avec la force et la performance en natation." Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET009T.
Full textVerger, Michel. "Les apprentissages en natation sportive dans le cadre des études sciences du sport." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF22519.
Full textLe, Roy Loïc. "Préparation psychologique du "sportif" : l'esprit et la performance du Moyen-Age à nos jours." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21520.
Full textThis history of the psychological preparation for the « sportsmen », ranges from the Middle Ages to our days. It redraws the way was integrated the « moral sense » and the collective virtues which dominate the behaviors of the knights in the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, with the creation of academic arts, occurs a new approach in the learning of the physical exercises based on « geometrized » and « mathematized » initiations putting at stake the mechanisms of feelings and the principles of memorization. These teaching methods develop the capacities of « judgment » and « reasoning » of the gentlemen. In Great Britain, in the middle of the XVIIth century, begins quite another attention on the functions of the spirit within the framework of the sports experiences: henceforth it refers to the « tranquility of mind » and to « stimulating » or « inciting » the mind faculties respecting the alternation of training and recovery phases. During the XIXth century, the English Training System is definitively imperative in Europe. It articulates around the new knowledge of the brain physiology inducing a new glance on the methods of training. The end of the XIXth century is marked by the emergence, in the United States, of a sport and exercise psychology based on scientific studies. It is from the 1960s, that programs of psychological preparation are applied to the sportsmen, coming to complete the physical, technical and tactical methods of training. Today, mental procedures play an integral part in the quest for athletic performance
Gindre, Cyrille. "Modélisation des relations entraînements – performances – adaptations physiologiques chez des athlètes spécialistes de demi-fond court et de fond." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMS011.
Full textBanister's model has been used to correlate training with performance. The basic assumption is that a dose of training contributes to both fitness and fatigue. Performance is related to the difference between these two first-order transfer functions. In the present study we tested the validity of the Banister model. For this, we followed developments of performance and physical qualities (aerobic, anaerobic, strength, speed, muscle power) with training of two group of runners specialists of long (≥ 10 km) and short (800 m) distances. The consideration of joint performance, physical and biological parameters allowed us 1) to have an integrated view of organism adaptations with training 2) to assess the validity of antagonist functions of the Banister's model. We were thus able to show that physical qualities evolution of short distances specialists on a season is done according to principles that can bring changes to the organization from those of an ecosystem consisting of different "species". Although Banister's model could be used to estimate performances, we have shown that fitness and fatigue functions may not be so valid linked to the physiological parameters of actual performance and fatigue. We conclude that the Banister's model is more a model of data than a model of structure. These results are a preliminary step in developing a new kind of model – which we proposed the foundation-for – linking training, performance and physical adaptation
Toumi, Hechmi. "Adaptations nerveuses et périphériques du muscle squelettique à l'entraînement de force." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20038.
Full textBocquet, Valéry. "Modélisation de l'endurance humaine : de l'espace à l'individu." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S006.
Full textTwo types of models were established over the twentieth centrury to estimate sport performance. Empirical models were set out from world records while bioenergetic models were set out from individudal bioenergetic parameters. The aim of the first study was to compare these models in predicting performance around the velocity associated to the maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max). As performance is highly varible and is related to bioenergetic parameters we therefore assumed that the models taking into account acrobic and anaerobic characteristics would more accurate in predicting time to fatigue around vVO2max. .
Lawani, Mohamed Mansourou. "Etude de la contraction musculaire isomètrique maximale volontaire et électro-induite." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF22514.
Full textPialoux, Vincent. "Effet d'un entraînement associé à une hypoxie intermittente sur la balance proxyant/antioxydant chez l'athlète de haut niveau." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF1MM16.
Full textBroussouloux, Olivier. "Approche multiparamétrique du développement de jeunes skieurs de fond." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF22515.
Full textFarenc, Isabelle. "Le Maintien de l'équilibre postural." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS017.
Full textThe aim of this research is to look at postural control from the effects of morphology and training (visual feedback and shooting). The thin subjects present larger movements of their centre of gravity and different postural synergies to those of corpulent individuals. Women have smaller amplitudes of oscillation than men. Some studies on visual feedback of the centre of pressure (VBF) has led to the discovery of some of the potential until not exploited. The increase of the representation scale of the trajectory generates a decrease of CG movements by improving the coorective processes. The last research topic on the efects of training reveals that postural behaviours present different characteristics depending on the acquired skills, the latter resulting from either a long training period (shooting), or from a VBF experimental protocol
Palazzetti, Stéphane. "Surcharge de l'entraînement : Effets des apports antioxydants." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22083.
Full textMargaritis, Irène. "Dommages musculaires, stress oxydatif au cours des épreuves de longue durée : cas d'une épreuve de triathlon." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22070.
Full textBusso, Thierry. "Validation expérimentale d'un modèle mathématique des effets de l'entraînement sur la performance." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET4007.
Full textDemarle, Alexandre. "Effets de l'entraînement sur les facteurs énergétiques aérobies de la performance." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0030.
Full textThis work speaks about running in same conditions as in races. His purpose was to better understand the relationships between the key aerobic factors of performance in long duration events, and the adapatations responsible for the improvement of performance after training. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to study the effects of high-intensity interval-training programmes which were individualized within recreative, trained and top-level runners
Rouveroux, Pierre. "Evaluation isocinétique de l'épaule du sportif." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11122.
Full textLeprêtre, Pierre-Marie. "Effets des interactions entre le débit cardiaque et la consommation maximale d'oxygène sur la performance aérobie." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0019.
Full textThe physical performance depends to multiple metabolic adjustments at the active muscles level. It is generally established that, during an incremental test performed at sea level, a significant relation was found between the oxygen uptake value (VO2) and the power output until an intensity for which VO2 value reached a plateau though the continuous power increase. If Hill et Lupton (1923) supposed that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is principally limited by the blood oxygen transport more than the oxygen muscle utilisation, the respective contributions of cardiac output (Q) and of the arterial-venous difference in oxygen (a-vO2diff) in the VO2max attainment are always unknown. Thus, the main objective of our studies is the identification of the discriminated factors of the exercise VO 2 responses. Our results showed an exercise intensity and a heart rate value induced simultaneous the maximal VO2 and Q values attainment. Furthermore, the muscular work more than the maximal Q solicitation seemed to be the principal factor of the power and time to fatigue control during exhaustive supra-lactate threshold exercise
Millet, Grégoire. "Déterminants de la performance et spécificités de l'entraînement des triathlètes de haut niveau : applications en natation et course à pied : relations entraînement-performance." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON14007.
Full textTanimomo, Libérat. "Contribution é une étude transculturelle des rites dans la préparation psychologique des footballeurs béninois et francais : conséquences pratiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2S001.
Full textManouvrier, Christophe. "Développement d'un test spécifique de détection d'un jeune joueur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0044.
Full textFooteval test is an intermittent test that includes technical skills which aim to assess players’ level globally. Its validity and reliability have been demonstrated in this document. Our work highlighted that design of the test and technical skills inclusion lead to performance’s determinant repartition as follow: 33% on aerobic potential (VO2max), 21% in plyometric skills on lower limb, 36% on parameters related to technical abilities. We observed sensibility to global training, but this test is differently sensible to training modalities. Footeval test provides best sensibility to training with ball as “small side game” training, versus “generic” training. This sensibility is also highly related to football player ranking contrary to traditional test as Vam-Eval or basic sprints tests. Those findings allow concluding that Footeval is a highly specific test to football practice and appear relevant for scouting process. This test with its specificity and sensitivity is fully in line with current training trend based on integrated training
Candau, Robin. "Relation entre charge d'entraînement et performance : caractéristiques biomécaniques des charges d'entraînement : suivi d'un marqueur des charges d'entraînement." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET003T.
Full textHeugas, de Panafieu Anne-Marie. "Analyse des effets de l'entraînement sur les indicateurs physiologiques de la performance en course de 400 mètres chez des athlètes de haut niveau." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2280.
Full textFargeas, Marie-Agnès. "Mesure de la puissance mécanique externe chez l'enfant lors d'un exercice de courte durée sur ergocycle et tapis roulant (étude longitudinale)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF22513.
Full textCapmal, Sophie. "Etude fondamentale de certaines syncinésies musculaires toniques involontaires gérant la préparation à l'action chez le sportif : étude sur le fouetté en boxe française-savate." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100043.
Full textThis thesis aims at showing the impact of magnetic stimuli on balance muscles in sportsmen of different levels. Such effects can be determined with a statokinesimeter which measures the variations occuring in the projection of the centre of gravity compared to the center of the polygone of balance. Displacements of the center of gravity have been recorded on 14 French boxers (7 beginners and 7 advanced boxers) performing a middle kick with the front leg, under 17 different test conditions. Statistic results of these measurements have revealed that the stimulation of the various sensorimotor pathways selected induced different characteristic adaptations during the movement. Com petitors have manifested a lower sensitivity to magnetic fields, for an intensive physical training allows them to inhibate the parasitical synkinesis created by the various magnetic stimuli. In those sub jects, plantar and achillesian stimuli have had little effect, for the functioning of the proprioceptive system might be improved through training. The experiment has also shown that the operation of magneto sensitive structures varies according to postural reflexes and that magnetic stimuli applied to subjects standing on one foot mainly
Decoufour, Nicolas. "Adaptations du geste du rameur expert à l'augmentation de la cadence sur ergomètre." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5f762995-e1af-4047-8ebd-975d9ebcc689.
Full textStroke rate is a criterion of performance in rowing. This one must range between 32 and 40 strokes per minute to hope to belong to the medal-holders. However, most of the times, training sessions are realized on rowing ergometer, the best simulation tool, where stroke-rate hardly exceeds 20 strokes per minute which is too low. Therefore, wouldn’t it better to train on rowing ergometer at higher cadence? To answer precisely this question, the performance indicators, and more particularly the technical ones are required. The hypothesis is that technical performance indicators would be good if it’s advantageous, from a technical viewpoint, to row at a high stroke rate on rowing ergometer. The implemented methodology is gradual and uses temporal and space-time indicators of the rower gesture to calculate net joint torques at the elbow, trunk and knee using continuous relative phases. Two series of experiments involving highly experienced rowers were carried out for stroke rates ranging from 18 to 40 strokes per minute. Kinematic and dynamic data, necessary to the calculation of the indicators, were collected and processed. The results show that rowing at high stroke-rate is rather harmful. Nevertheless, they indicate that using extroceptive feedback would change our conclusions and therefore promote training at high stroke-rate on rowing ergometer
Duché, Pascale. "Etude longitudinale du développement bioénergétique de l'enfant au cours de la puberté : influence de l'entrainement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF22509.
Full textAmato, Concetta. "Facteurs prédictifs du surentraînement chez le cheval athlète." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ONIR011F.
Full textCurnier, Daniel. "Entrainement physique à court terme et insuffisance cardiaque : effets physiologiques et implications pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30181.
Full textRefuggi, Richard. "Obstacles épistémologiques à l’élaboration par les élèves de collège de leur technique de nage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10206.
Full textMarles, Alexandre. "Réponse de VO₂ lors de l'exercice intense chez l'homme : le phénomène d'extra VO₂ et la cinétique de l'oxygénation musculaire." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0501.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the effects of prior exercise and training on the VO₂ / Work Rate relationship and on the VO₂ slow component, and the effects of prior heavy exercise on the whole body VO₂ and on the muscle deoxygenation kinetics. The first and second part of the experimental study confirmed the existence of the extra VO₂ phenomenon during incremental exercise. In the first study, this extra VO₂ was not affected by prior exercise whereas the VO₂ slow component was reduced. In the second study, we have observed a decrease in extra VO₂without any change in the VO₂slow component after an intermittent training program. Therefore, prior exercise and training had not the same effect on both phenomenons. It suggests that there is a possible dissociation between these two phenomenons. The third part of this work focused on the whole body VO₂ and on the muscle O₂ utilization kinetics evaluated by the variations of muscle oxygenation at the onset of heavy exercise. Prior heavy exercise induced a faster increase in muscle deoxygenation without any change in the phase II VO₂ kinetic. It indicates the existence of a possible dissociation between the whole body VO₂ and the muscle O₂ utilization kinetics. Prior heavy exercise reduced the time delay before the increase in muscle deoxygenation at the beginning of a heavy exercise. This result suggests that O₂ utilization at the onset of heavy exercise increased faster because of an improvement in the muscle O₂ availability and/or a reduction of the “metabolic inertia”
Abassi, Mohamed Lazhar. "La validation d'un outil de mesure des performances individuelles et collectives en soccer universitaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67228.
Full textKervella, Yann. "Classification des techniques de frappe en football et modélisation des réussites en compétition : l'exemple des passes d'élimination de l'expert." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20001.
Full textThe present study, conceived as a technological approach to football, is intended above all as a practical method to define and typify the way footballers actually kick the ball. The classification is built up by comparison and contrast between the concrete feedback gleaned from interviews conducted with elite players on their ball-kicking experiences in competitive play and those factors corroborated by the scientific study of movement. This tool aims to be wide-ranging, covering all aspects of a player's movements when kicking the ball, as all levels of skill and participation. Then, working from the analysis chart thus presented, the study goes on to conceptualize the most appropriate procedures for passing the ball in top-level competitive situations so as to neutralize the opponent. The attempts to wrong-foot the opponent, creating fleeting open spaces, confront the player performing the pass with a conflict between speed and precision of his movements during exectution. Mastery of this time pressure constitutes a major obstacle to success for elite performers. The present study defines, by means of a statistical model, the pertinent motor principles behind this specific type of pass both in senior competitive play and in top-rank under-13s These innovative technical rules, valid for both groups, confirm the usefulness of this research work. They open up coaching perspectives both in terms in improving passing during practice sessions and for training tomorrow's professional players
Delecroix, Barthélémy. "Charge de travail et blessure dans le football de haut niveau." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S012/document.
Full textElite football has been described as an activity with a very high level of injury risk. Workload has been associated with injury incidence in several activities. In football, one of the most common tools used to quantify the internalworkload is a method based on the perceived exertion. With this method, the players are asked to subjectivelyassess the global intensity of the session. The workload is calculated by multiplying the perceived intensity by theduration of the session. However, the scientific level of evidence concerning the association between the internalworkload and the injury incidence in elite football is low. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to evaluate theassociation between several internal workload indicators and the injury incidence in elite level football players.This thesis is based on 5 different parts. The first part is the introduction. The second part is a review of literatureabout the workload monitoring, the relationship between the workload and the level of performance in elitefootball, the injury epidemiology in elite football, and the relationship between the workload and the injuryincidence in elite football. The third part of this thesis described the 3 cohort studies led to reach the aims of thisthesis. The fourth part corresponds to a general discussion in which the results of the cohort studies are discussedbased on the literature. The last part is a general conclusion.The main results of the prospective cohort studies led indicate associations between internal workload indicatorsand injury incidence with elite football players. Associations have been identified between the internal workloadand injury incidence with elite level players from a youth academy. The results of these studies also indicate thateven if the workload is associated with the injury incidence in football, the workload cannot be considered as aninjury prediction tool.The results of this thesis give information about the way the workload can be monitored by practitioners and onthe way the workload indicators should be used to help the decision making process
Bernier, Denis. "La Musique, c'est du sport! : Intégration des principes d'entraînement physique à la préparation du musicien en vue d'une performance optimale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33253.
Full textGuichebaron, Patrick. "Effets de l'entraînement et du désentraînement sur les réponses ventilatoires d'un groupe de plongeurs professionnels." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6414.
Full textLibicz, Sébastien. "Réponses énergétiques et immunitaires chez les triathlètes." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON14006.
Full textBougenot, Marie-Pierre. "Effets d'un programme de reconditionnement à l'endurance sur ergomètre pour fauteuil roulant avec des sujets blessés médullaires et des sujets valides." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2008.
Full textBenefits of physical activity for spinal cord-injured (SCI) persons permits to delay the mortality. So, we proposed them an endurance reconditioning program on a specific wheelchair ergometer. The originality is due to the fact that we proposed a questionnaire permitting to choose the program the best adapted to the subjects. It contains the items concerning the characteristics of the subjects as sex, duration and level of lesion, ways of life. . . Results obtained are pertinent, and we compared them to those obtained with able-bodied (AB). AB obtained greater results, probably due to the fact they are novice in wheelchair propulsion. Then, we compared perceived exertion (PE) of these two populations, and the results suggested that PE could be used to control the exercise intensity during a rehabilitation training program for SCI, similar to AB subjects
Tiollier, Eve. "Stress, immunité et probiotiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF20045.
Full textZaki, Saliha. "Morphologie, somatotypie et pliométrie ches les sportifs algériens." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10199.
Full textHambli, Mourad. "Contribution à une analyse mécanique de la mesure des capacités physiques des athlètes : cas des épreuves sur ergocycles." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2312.
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