Academic literature on the topic 'Entrepreneur'

<p> In response to social and environmental concerns, a new type of entrepreneur has recently entered the research literature on sustainable development in business (Hall, Daneke, &amp; Lenox, 2010). Sustainability entrepreneurs are guided by a strong set of values that place environmental and social well-being before materialistic growth (Abrahamsson, 2007; Choi &amp; Gray, 2008; Parrish &amp; Foxon, 2009; Schaltegger &amp; Wagner, 2011; Young &amp; Tilley, 2006). For them, business success is about maintaining financial stability, while enhancing community and improving the health of our planet. This is reflected in their business design, processes, and work culture. Sustainability entrepreneurs are committed to making business decisions that reduce their carbon footprint, promote local or fair trade, support employee wellness, and give back to the community. </p><p> This social phenomenological study explores the lifeworld structures of six women in Calgary who are running small businesses based on sustainability principles. Drawing on the work of Alfred Sch&uuml;tz (1967, 1970a, 1970b; Sch&uuml;tz &amp; Luckmann, 1973), it examines their typifications, stocks of knowledge, and motives, as well as notions of intersubjectivity and spatiality or lived space. From the findings, three Sch&uuml;tzian puppets or personal ideal types are constructed to personify values of community, quality, connection, and environmental preservation. Ms. A.L.L. Green, Ms. Carin Relationships, and Ms. I.N. Tentional characterize aspects of the female sustainability entrepreneur that were identified by participants as central to their motives and actions. Together, they form a new general ideal type called the integrative entrepreneur. The integrative entrepreneur personifies the unique contributions of the women interviewed, and extends our understanding of sustainability entrepreneurship in meaningful ways.</p>

The aim of the research was to increase the understanding of how the entrepreneur’s process of creativity began and evolved by determining how ideas and opportunities were discovered, recognised and harnessed prior to the advent of entrepreneurship. There appeared to be a shortage of appropriate research studies into the entrepreneur’s creative processes, describing how it began and evolved over time. There also appeared to be few studies that attempted to describe how entrepreneurs discovered their ideas, harnessed them, and converted them into opportunities. It would seem that the majority of the empirical research studies on the subject have focused upon managers and founders of companies compared to studies involving nascent entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs. The objective of the research study was to provide a new synthesis of the research literature in order to create a framework that described the key cognitive processes and personal attributes that were involved in the entrepreneurs’ search and evolution of their ideas. The content and elements of the framework were then compared with the context of the entrepreneurs’ personal histories in order that generic themes could be identified. After a period of one year, further interviews were held with the entrepreneurs in order to monitor any changes to the processes involved. The research began with a review of existing literature relating to the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship. A selective review of the historical research literature on the entrepreneur was followed by an appraisal of some of the entrepreneurs’ attitudes and behaviour patterns. This provided a thumbnail sketch of each entrepreneur, his or her origins, and what he or she did. This was followed by a description of what might be construed as a typical nascent entrepreneur. This description detailed the process from the ‘learning phase’ to the ‘triggering event’ that caused such a dramatic change in his or her career path, i.e. the critical incident that set off a mental chain reaction within the nascent entrepreneur that led to the establishment of his or her entrepreneurial intentions. A review of the research literature concerning the focal theory of the research objectives led to an in-depth appraisal of what is meant by ‘creativity’ and ‘cognitive processes’. The difficulties of researching such subjective actions are shared by previous research literature. The creative variables were then brought together in a number of phases contained in the discovery and evolution processes. The process was then followed through the discovery phase, stressing the importance of the prepared mind to the birth of the idea. The various thinking and analytical processes involved in the evolution of an idea into an opportunity were discussed in the context of an entrepreneur’s core attributes and beliefs. The focal theory review concluded with a framework of the elements appertaining to the research objectives that had been derived from the research literature. The structure and elements of the framework were then compared with the relevant data from the field research study. A number of research questions arose from the key issues raised in the research literature. These concerned, having a prepared mind, happenstance, intuition, self-belief, values, visualisation and goal setting. The sample of the population chosen for the research study comprised fifty Scottish entrepreneurs of both sexes and varying sizes of company, ages of business, turnover and number of employees. The companies with whom entrepreneurs were involved covered various industries and activities. Following the guidance obtained from the research literature, in-depth interviews were carried out. A number of the entrepreneurs interviewed were subjected to a follow-up meeting after one year, in order to monitor any further developments and changes to the themes identified from the first interviews, and to provide the research with a further means of validation. An opportunity was taken at the meeting to share with the entrepreneurs the preliminary findings arising from the previous interviews. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and data was computerised. The data was then subjected to content analysis, as was the secondary information obtained from publications, newspaper articles and other case studies. The research findings identified many generic themes among the entrepreneurs, particularly in the area described as the discovery and evolution phases of the creative process. A high percentage of entrepreneurs also had beliefs and attitudes that were similar to their business philosophy. The findings supported a number of theories that have been outlined previously in the research literature, as well as confirming many of the traits, characteristics and behaviours attributed to being entrepreneurial. The findings of the research confirmed that many of the entrepreneurial ideas occurred serendipitously, and the use of visualisation and rehearsal techniques was considered by many to be invaluable in the creative process. Goal setting also appeared to provide essential stepping stones to the monitoring and attainment of many successful outcomes, particularly in the evolution stage. The structure and elements of the framework of the process of creation appeared to be well supported by the majority of the entrepreneurs interviewed. Recommendations are made as to how the adoption of some of the research findings could assist in the encouragement and advancement of an enterprise learning culture, and the establishment of a ‘can-do’ attitude towards enterprise creation.

This study’s main purpose is to explore what young individuals need/require when becoming entrepreneurs. To do that, the views and perspectives of students, senior entrepreneurs and incubators were analyzed. This study’s main contribution is to the knowledge and understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education. Furthermore, this study has a practical application in the form of a suggestion on how to improve this study’s empirical case: a new project designed by the pre-incubator office Drivhuset Uppsala. Methodologically, a qualitative research study with interviews as its main technique indicates this study’s main findings and conclusions. What young individuals need/require in order to become entrepreneurs is; putting the theories they are learning or have learned into action, learning through entrepreneurship in the form of learning-by-doing and feeling the support in creating values from the entrepreneurial environment; called ‘the entrepreneurial ecosystem’ by one of this study’s actors. Theories indicate the importance of incubators participating in entrepreneurial education in different forms. UU incubators are, by the actors of this study, not perceived to do that. These conclusions proved to be complicated and are recommended as important topics for further research. This study focuses on Uppsala and incubators connected to UU. The empirical material was analyzed with the Venture Creation in learning-by- doing and Effectuation theories, and the findings indicate that Drivhuset Uppsala should focus on venture creation programs in designing their new project.

This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the social situation of the entrepreneur and the travails of entrepreneurship. More specifically, it examines the role of the entrepreneur by acknowledging that the role is influenced by expectations and proscriptions of stakeholders, scripts for social conducts, and norms. This influence opens up situations demarcated by demanding expectations and resource inadequacies-in terms of role stress-which complicate entrepreneurs' role fulfillment. The detrimental consequences of role stress have been widely acknowledged in professions outside the entrepreneurship setting. Recognizing that role stress is a well-established field of research, the role of the entrepreneur is related to some unique characteristics but with limited prior focus earned. This study therefore aims at contributing to a better understanding of entrepreneurs' role stress, traces possible antecedents, and maps some potential consequences. The thesis is based on a selection of seven academic papers. A meta- analytic review of prominent role stress consequences, together with a narrative literature review of role stress antecedents, lays the foundation for a conceptual analysis of how role stress can be used in entrepreneurship research. A subsequent theoretical analysis of this material implied and strengthened the thesis that the inclusion of role stress is valuable in the study of entrepreneurs. Empirical examinations in different scholarly papers support the role of the entrepreneur and reveal that role stress is an important and prominent phenomenon among entrepreneurs. Role stress is found both to influence the likelihood of inclination for new venture termination and to reduce performance and satisfaction. In a two-year longitudinal data set, role stressors are shown to transform to a proclivity for venture withdrawal through feelings of burnout and dissatisfaction, which sustains over time once triggered. The effect of burnout feelings is direct but not sustained, while the effects from dissatisfaction are lagged. Examining the origin and consequences of entrepreneurs' role stress reveals the lack of fit between entrepreneurs' personality traits and environmental characteristics to develop role stress, and that invested personal resources aiming to resolve role stress can increase venture performance at the cost of exhaustion and reduced self-satisfaction. Further examinations reveal that role stress experiences transform into functional outcomes depending on the coping strategies employed and the levels of role stress experienced. Results moreover reveal that negotiating expectations and/or working harder to meet expectations positively affect venture performance, whereas suppressing perceived expectations negatively influences venture performance.<br><p>Godkänd; 2007; 20070511 (ysko)</p>

<p>Title: An Indian Entrepreneur Establishing Business in Europe</p><p>Course: Master Thesis EFO705 in International Business and Entrepreneurship,</p><p>Swedish credit points (15 ECTS)</p><p>Authors: Xiaoran Wang and Amit Vaghela</p><p>Tutor: Leif Linnskog</p><p>Problem: How did Mr. Deepak Soni establish and develop his company Anora Pvt</p><p>Ltd in Poland, a company operating in the branch of textile and clothing?</p><p>From this research problem, the dissertation will be focused on the</p><p>internationalization.</p><p>Purpose: The aim of thesis is to understand and describe the way an Indian</p><p>entrepreneur succeeded in establishing and developing a viable business in</p><p>Europe, i.e. to understand and describe how Mr. Deepak Soni established</p><p>and developed Anora Pvt Ltd in Poland, a company operating in the</p><p>branch of textile and clothing.</p><p>Method: This dissertation is based on qualitative study for the researchers to study</p><p>the internationalization process of Anora, Ltd in Europe. Qualitative study</p><p>is better for us to look into the internationalization process of Anora and</p><p>fulfill our purpose.</p><p>Theories: Uppsala-Model, Network Theory, and International Entrepreneurship build</p><p>the theoretical frame of reference.</p><p>Target Group: Our research findings will be submitted to the company Anora, Poland</p><p>and to students and researchers as we will provide important information</p><p>regarding their Internationalization Process</p><p>Conclusion: This paper has offered Anora’s empirical findings. During the analysis part,</p><p>with the help of theories we choose, we have had better understanding of</p><p>internationalization process. Moreover, we have successfully achieved the</p><p>aim to understand and describe the way an Indian entrepreneur succeeded</p><p>in establishing and developing a viable business in Europe. Moreover,</p><p>Researchers have displayed the components in the model refined,</p><p>commitment, knowledge, relationships and entrepreneurship are not</p><p>isolated, and each of them has interplayed with others. For researches in</p><p>internationalization process in future, we recommend researchers should</p><p>considerate all components as a whole rather than insularly thinking over</p><p>only one components.</p>

Published Article<br>The concept entrepreneurship can be defined as the ordinary individual who does extraordinary things which other ordinary individuals hesitate to do. The act of doing is a distinctive element of the entrepreneur. Considering the level of unemployment, the shortage of housing, uneven distributions of wealth and income, low level of education and high population growth rate in South Africa, the entrepreneur can play a major role. Entrepreneurs must equip themselves with knowledge, skills and the right attitude. In this article the focus is on various entrepreneurs to understand the world of entrepreneurship better.

En décembre 2010, l'entreprenant faisait son apparition dans le droit des affaires de I'OHADA. L'AUDCG présente ce nouvel acteur comme un entrepreneur individuel qui, sur simple déclaration, exerce une activité civile, commerciale, artisanale ou agricole. C'est un professionnel qui exerce, en son nom propre, une activité civile ou commerciale. Comparativement aux autres entrepreneurs individuels, il est censé bénéficier de facilités aussi bien dans ses démarches administratives que dans ses obligations. C'est en s’inspirant de l'auto-entrepreneur (désormais appelé micro-entrepreneur) qui a connu un grand succès en France que le législateur africain a créé ce statut particulier. Il espère par ce moyen, séduire les opérateurs du secteur informel et les inciter à se formaliser. Pres d'une décennie après l'adoption du nouveau statut, très peu de pays de I'OHADA l'ont rendu opérationnel et, contrairement à l'auto-entrepreneur français, il est loin de susciter l'engouement des opérateurs du secteur informel. A cause de son accès conditionné et des innombrables règles auxquelles il oblige à se soumettre, ce statut est loin d'être avantageux pour des personnes habituées à I 'informalité<br>In December 2010, the entreprenant made his appearance in OHADA business law. AUDCG presents this new player as an individual entrepreneur who, upon simple declaration, exercises a civil, commercial, craft or agricultural activity. He is a professional who carries out, in his own name, a civil or commercial activity. Compared to other individual entrepreneurs, he is expected to benefit from facilities both in his administrative procedures and in his obligations. It is by drawing inspiration from the auto-entrepreneur (now called micro-entrepreneur) who has had great success in France that the African legislator created this special status. By this means, it hopes to attract operators in the informal sector and encourage them to formalize their activity. Nearly a decade after the adoption of the new statute, very few OHADA countries have made it operational and, unlike the French auto-entrepreneur, it is far from arousing the enthusiasm of informal sector operators. Because of its conditioned access and the innumerable rules to which it is oblige to submit, this status is far from being advantageous for people accustomed to informality