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Journal articles on the topic 'Entrepreneur chinois'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Guerassimoff, Éric. "Concessionnaires et sous-traitants : Les intermédiaires chinois dans l’organisation du travail immigré en Malaisie, du début du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle." Revue de Synthèse 140, no. 1-2 (2019): 85–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552343-14000005.

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Résumé Les formes de rémunération du travail immigré chinois dans le monde colonial sont très diversifiées. Elles ne peuvent être réduites à celles de l’indentured labor. Cette contribution se propose de mettre en lumière quelques-unes de ces formes, en étudiant une organisation qui combine travail à forfait et salariat, rémunération à la pièce et au rendement. Elle émerge au Sud de la Malaysia actuelle, dans l’archipel de Riau, au début du XVIIIe s., puis se déplace vers le Nord et connait une forme d’institutionnalisation lorsqu’elle atteint le Johor, au milieu du siècle suivant, avant de disparaître en 1919. Un entrepreneur, appelé le kangchu, presque toujours chinois, intermédiaire entre le travail et ses financiers chinois à Singapour ainsi qu’entre les cultivateurs et la tutelle administrative malaise, est la cheville ouvrière d’une organisation de la production agricole dont il garantit une forme de fluidité, idéale aux yeux de ses compatriotes immigrés, venus dans la région dans le but de repartir au pays le plus vite possible.

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2

Wang, Qing, and Michael Keane. "Struggling to be more visible: Female digital creative entrepreneurs in China." Global Media and China 5, no. 4 (2020): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436420969624.

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Entrepreneurs have become the driving force of China’s economy over the past few decades. With a rapid surge in the growth of digital platforms, and the success of China’s platforms outside China, the aspiration to be entrepreneurial is recognized and celebrated. Increasingly, women are benefitting from this entrepreneurial fever. However, behind the increasing number of emerging women digital entrepreneurs, is the struggle to gain recognition. Drawing on cases studies of female digital startups, the article investigates some of the dilemmas faced when women strive to develop entrepreneurial identities. The article problematizes distinctions between the entrepreneur in a general sense, the creative entrepreneur, and female creative entrepreneurs. Whereas an entrepreneur in China is often conflated with a business owner, the identity of the creative entrepreneur is more precarious and unstable. The article finds that besides the difficulty to sustain a creative-based entrepreneurial identity, the hyper-competitive and masculinist fields of digital entrepreneurship and technical fields, combined with traditional gender roles and family responsibility, results in a devaluation of female entrepreneurship.

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3

Zhao, Wenhong, and Lingling Wang. "How knowledge affects resource acquisition." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 7, no. 2 (2015): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2014-0040.

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Purpose – This study aims to examine how the interactions between the entrepreneur’s technical and market knowledge and the intra- and extra-industry ties affect resources acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – The authors made a questionnaire from a sample of 300 high-technology companies located in the incubator in Xi’an, of which 165 were usable, and the final response rate was 55 per cent, the authors used optimal scaling regression analyses to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Findings – There is a positive relationship between the entrepreneurs’ knowledge and the resources acquisition. The effects of the technical knowledge and the market knowledge are contingent on the intra-industry ties and the extra-industry ties in different ways. In particular, an entrepreneur with technical knowledge has an easier access to required resources from the intra-industry ties than extra-industry ties. In contrast, an entrepreneur with market knowledge can obtain more easily the needed resources from the extra-industry ties than the intra-industry ties. Originality/value – The paper conducted an empirical test of how the interactions between the entrepreneurs’ knowledge and industry ties affect the resources acquisition in the context of China’s emerging economy, which has not been studied in the current literature. This paper provides implications for entrepreneurs with technical and market knowledge in finding the right way to obtain needed resources through their industry ties.

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4

Xiaohong, Li. "Woman Entrepreneur in China." Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM) 1, no. 02 (2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56982/journalo.v1i02.16.

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The number of women entrepreneurs in China has increased rapidly with the development of China‘s new economy. These entrepreneurs. This study seeks to identify the key patterns in the entrepreneurial development of woman entrepreneur in China that influence their career paths and success. We study the entrepreneurial development of women entrepreneurs in China through historical review. Future research using a larger and perhaps more representative sample is encouraged to increase generalizability of the outcome. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of woman entrepreneur in the economic in China, and advances the growing literature on this subject.

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5

Wang, Junmin. "Taking the “Red Hat” off Chinese Private Entrepreneurs." Sociology of Development 2, no. 3 (2016): 293–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2016.2.3.293.

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China's new capitalists, who have arisen from the booming private sector in the postcommunist era, are widely regarded as supporters of China's authoritarian political regime—the oft-cited “red capitalists.” Challenging the common view on the close connections between private entrepreneurs and political elites, this study applies an agency-centered perspective to examine how private entrepreneurs' organizational strategies in coping with formidable institutional environments created by the government have shaped their political values. From statistical analysis of a firm-level nationally representative data set, I find little evidence in the existing literature for the often depicted “redness” of Chinese private entrepreneurs. Although political connections that entrepreneurs seek to build with the government help mitigate the effects of institutional obstacles on their political opinions, such entrepreneur-state connections alone lead to entrepreneurs' unfavorable views on the polity. Private entrepreneurs' organizational innovations and particularly collaborative innovations beyond the firm level are found to significantly shape their political values, contributing to their potential role as political opponents in the future.

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6

Onomake-McShane, U. Ejiro O. "Emerging Ties-Nigerian Entrepreneurs and Chinese Business Associates." Journal of Business Anthropology 8, no. 2 (2019): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v8i2.5847.

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   Africa-China relationships consists of various interactions between government officials, to large corporations, and individuals. This article examines the emerging relationship between Africa and China through the ethnography of a Nigerian entrepreneur who seeks to expand his business by selling to Chinese clients. Entrepreneurship is lauded in Nigerian society. China's increasing presence in the country is often presented as a positive economic opportunity for Nigerians, including entrepreneurs. This research highlights the complex nature of business relationships between Nigerian entrepreneurs and Chinese counterparts. To build trust and business ties, the entrepreneur highlighted manages his brand via social media, utilizes social capital, and taps into relatedness and kinship within Chinese business circles.  

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7

Zhang, Shuwen. "The Function Mechanism of the Current Situation of Chinese Cultural Integration and Environment on the Development of Chinese Enterprises." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (June 17, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4393337.

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China’s economy is booming and many Chinese enterprises are growing rapidly. The report card handed over by Chinese enterprises through practical actions proves that Chinese outstanding entrepreneurs have successful modern management experience. These Chinese entrepreneurs have experienced the test of practice, and the experience gained has Chinese characteristics and is worth promoting. Entrepreneurs carry out more business management practices, which also provides valuable reference resources for the study of Chinese management thought. At the same time, The Times is also calling for more Chinese entrepreneurs to form their own management ideas. The influence of the current situation of the Chinese cultural integration environment on the development of Chinese enterprises is mainly that a good cultural integration environment will promote the development of enterprises and provide preconditions for the development of Chinese enterprises. This paper studies the current situation of Chinese culture integration environment of Chinese entrepreneur management thought formation process; the main purpose is, through the analysis of Chinese outstanding entrepreneur management thought formation process, to reveal the Chinese culture integration management environment formation law and essential characteristics, in order to enrich the management cognitive research and Chinese entrepreneurs management thought research, publicity, and promotion of Chinese outstanding entrepreneurs form management thought and also to provide a reference for more practitioners.

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8

Yueh, Linda. "China’s Entrepreneurs." World Development 37, no. 4 (2009): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.07.010.

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9

Luqiu, Luwei Rose, and Chuyu Liu. "A “NEW SOCIAL CLASS” OR OLD FRIENDS? A STUDY OF PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS OF CHINA." Journal of East Asian Studies 18, no. 3 (2018): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2018.18.

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AbstractIn this research note, we introduce a new dataset on China's national legislators. It provides descriptive information on one key parameter: the nature of the business owned by private entrepreneur deputies in China's National People's Congress (NPC) from 2003 to 2017. The dataset contains information on whether the deputy once worked as a government official, whether the deputy was a former top manager of a state-owned/collective enterprise, and whether his/her current company was a state-owned/collective enterprise before being privatized. We categorize deputies as “insiders” as long as they stratify one of the aforementioned backgrounds, whereas others as the “grassroots.” This dataset thus reveals two types of private entrepreneur deputies who are significantly different with regard to how they started their own businesses. These findings shed new light on the relationship between private entrepreneurs and the party-state in China.

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10

Jia, Mark. "China’s Constitutional Entrepreneurs." American Journal of Comparative Law 64, no. 3 (2016): 619–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avw008.

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11

Chevrier, Yves. "Entrepreneurs et capitalistes chinois : qui sont-ils ?" Le journal de l'école de Paris du management 94, no. 2 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jepam.094.0029.

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12

Wu, Aiqi, Xiaotong Zhong, and Di Song. "Entrepreneur’s political involvement and inter-organizational conflict resolution in China’s transition economy." International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 3 (2020): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2019-0170.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of entrepreneur’s political involvement on private-own enterprises’ (POEs’) selection of two inter-organizational conflict resolutions approaches (private approach and public approach), in the context of China’s transition economy. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a sample of POEs operating in China’s transition economy in the year 2000, this study investigates the possible association between the entrepreneur’s political involvement and the approach chosen to resolve inter-organizational conflicts. A further step is taken to look into the implications of such a choice. Findings The empirical study reveals that those POEs with greater entrepreneurial political involvement have the propensity to rely on public approach. In general, POEs are more satisfied with the private approach than the public approach when managing conflicts. Besides, the study shows that the positive effects derived from the entrepreneur’s satisfaction on private approach will be weakened in more established institutions. Originality/value This paper has its unique contribution in highlighting the significance of how entrepreneurs’ political involvement interferes with inter-organizational conflict resolution.

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13

Djankov, Simeon, Yingyi Qian, Gérard Roland, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. "Who Are China's Entrepreneurs?" American Economic Review 96, no. 2 (2006): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806777212387.

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14

Tan, Justin. "Culture, Nation, and Entrepreneurial Strategic Orientations: Implications for an Emerging Economy." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26, no. 4 (2002): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600406.

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Since most researchers use the terms “culture” and “nation” interchangeably, the majority of empirical cross-cultural studies aiming to isolate the role of culture tend to be cross-national studies that are confounded with the influence of the national environment. This study employs a hybrid, quasi-experimental design to Investigate whether the cultural or national effects have a stronger influence on entrepreneurs' perception of the environment and their strategic orientations. Specifically, I draw on three samples of entrepreneurs from two cultures and two countries, namely, mainland Chinese, Chinese Americans, and Caucasian Americans. Such a quasi-experimental design allows us to better isolate the role of culture. Compared with the cultural effect, the national effect is more influential. In light of China's emerging economy in which entrepreneurship figures prominently, these findings point to the importance of institution-building efforts that foster a more entrepreneur-friendly national environment.

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15

He, Mingyang. "Analysis of the Policymaking Process of Undergraduate Tutorial System in China from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (August 30, 2022): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1601.

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The formulation process of China's undergraduate tutor system involves many factors. Based on the perspective of multiple streams theory, this paper analyzes and discusses the driving factors for the establishment of China's undergraduate tutorial system policy agenda. Policy makers form the problem stream through surveys of students and teachers; the government and colleges, as policy entrepreneurs, shape the policy stream; under the China’s unique conditions, the educational philosophy of the Communist Party of China and the popularization of higher education develops into the politics stream. At a critical point, the three streams are coupled and the policy window opens, which eventually leads to the introduction of the undergraduate tutorial system. Additionally, this paper also analyzes the defects of the multiple stream’s theory, and puts forward suggestions for the revision of the theoretical model.

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16

Kernen, Antoine, and Benoît Vulliet. "Petits commerçants et entrepreneurs chinois au Mali et au Sénégal." Afrique contemporaine 228, no. 4 (2008): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.228.0069.

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17

Chan, Kwok-Bun, and See Ngoh Claire Chiang. "Les valeurs culturelles et les entrepreneurs immigrés : les Chinois à Singapour." Revue européenne des migrations internationales 10, no. 2 (1994): 87–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/remi.1994.1409.

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18

Lan, Shanshan, Allen Hai Xiao, and Alice Judell. "Mobilités transfrontalières et réseaux transculturels de petits entrepreneurs chinois et nigérians." Politique africaine 134, no. 2 (2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polaf.134.0045.

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19

Zhao, Leqi, Charles Harvie, Amir Arjomandi, and Sandy Suardi. "Entrepreneurs and China’s private sector SMEs’ performance." Applied Economics 54, no. 28 (2021): 3279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.2006135.

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20

Zhang, Weiying. "China’s future growth depends on innovation entrepreneurs." Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 15, no. 1 (2017): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2017.1287540.

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21

Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten, Xingyuan Feng, and Man Guo. "Entrepreneurs and ritual in China's economic culture." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 5 (2019): 775–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000201.

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AbstractCulture, mainly defined as values and beliefs, has recently attracted much attention in economics. Cultural practices receive less attention, as emphasized in anthropology. We argue that the notion of ‘ritual’ can enrich economic research on culture as a specific form of socially standardized interactions that create shared contexts and emotions to build mutual trust and community. China is an important case in point, because ritual is a central concern in common interpretations of traditional Chinese culture. We look at practices of Chinese entrepreneurs that activate rituals in various settings. We conclude that these phenomena can be analytically condensed in the cultural complex of a ‘ritual economy’.

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22

Wang, Huiyao, David Zweig, and Xiaohua Lin. "Returnee Entrepreneurs: impact on China's globalization process." Journal of Contemporary China 20, no. 70 (2011): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.565174.

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23

Ghorbani, Majid, and Michael Carney. "The changing face of China’s billionaire-entrepreneurs." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 33, no. 4 (2016): 881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-016-9472-1.

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24

Dai, Shuanping, Yuanyuan Wang, and Yang Liu. "The emergence of Chinese entrepreneurs: social connections and innovation." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11, no. 3 (2019): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-02-2018-0021.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore empirically the emergence of entrepreneurs in China’s transition context since the 1980s. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies the China Private Enterprises Survey Database and historical evidence and Chi-Square test to identify the emergence patterns of China’s entrepreneurs in different historical stages. Findings This longitudinal study finds that factors such as working experience, education background and social connection had strong influences on entrepreneurship, but the impact of these have varied significantly along with institutional changes over the past three decades. It also identifies that the majority of emergent entrepreneurs were formerly low-level public servants and high-qualified managers in state-owned enterprises. Additionally, significant trends including an increasing number of female entrepreneurs, a decreasing impact from political networks, improving investment in innovation and diversifying financial sources are also found. Originality/value This paper is the first to apply the Chinese Private Enterprises Survey database to investigate the emergence patterns of China’s entrepreneurs in different historical stages after the 1978 reform.

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25

Liou, Chih-shian, and Chung-min Tsai. "The Dual Role of Cadres and Entrepreneurs in China." Asian Survey 57, no. 6 (2017): 1058–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2017.57.6.1058.

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By examining China’s state-monopolized industries, we explore the evolution of managerial behavior. With the party-state’s continued emphasis on meritocracy in elite management, managers of China’s state-owned enterprises play a hybrid role as both party cadres and business entrepreneurs. This also reflects the adaptability of the Chinese Communist Party in pursuing pro-market reform.

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26

Peng, Yusheng. "Kinship Networks and Entrepreneurs in China’s Transitional Economy." American Journal of Sociology 109, no. 5 (2004): 1045–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/382347.

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27

Hu, Feng. "Return to Education for China’s Return Migrant Entrepreneurs." World Development 72 (August 2015): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.012.

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28

Mo, Pak Hung. "JohnWong, RongMa, and MuYang, Eds.,China's Rural Entrepreneurs." Journal of Comparative Economics 23, no. 1 (1996): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1996.0050.

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29

Sun, Xinquan. "On the Development of Entrepreneur and the growth of Enterprises." International Journal of Business and Management 1, no. 1 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/ijbm.1.1.16.

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Entrepreneurs are the key factor in the development of market economy, and Chinese entrepreneurship is also a huge source of market economy development.Tao Zhu and Yitong have in ancient China accumulated great wealth. Today, thousands of Chinese entrepreneurs have participated in the big wave of entrepreneurship and innovation, and Chinese entrepreneurs have stood at the core of the world stage.For thousands of years, China has never lacked entrepreneurial genes.But for thousands of years, Chinese entrepreneurs have not received so much care and respect as they do today.Because entrepreneurs are the key subjects in Chinese social activities and socialist market economic activities.Pragmatic innovation and entrepreneurship meet the current needs of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" and is also a spiritual resource urgently needed to optimize China's economic structure and realize industrial modernization.To further improve the return on private investment to develop and expand private enterprises, state-owned enterprises must vigorously promote the mixed ownership reform inseparable from investment and innovation. But in retrospect.Due to the cultural bias of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business".China's commercial culture is not developed in China's long-standing feudal society, and entrepreneurship is even more difficult.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially in the 40 years since the reform and opening up.A large number of a number of outstanding private enterprises and outstanding entrepreneurs in China.Whether private or state-owned.Entrepreneurship has seized the opportunity, opened up the market space, brought a lot of opportunities to the society, and effectively alleviated the employment problems of many Chinese families.Through the in-depth display of entrepreneurship, the important significance and status of entrepreneurship in modern China are further clarified.It will be conducive to more activating the new energy and vitality of the development of China's market economy, and will be conducive to further optimizing the economic structure and industry development trend.We will raise modern and civilized progress.

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30

Yiu, Daphne W., William P. Wan, Frank W. Ng, Xing Chen, and Jun Su. "Sentimental Drivers of Social Entrepreneurship: A Study of China's Guangcai (Glorious) Program." Management and Organization Review 10, no. 1 (2014): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/more.12043.

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Social entrepreneurship plays an important role in local development in emerging economies, but scholars have paid little attention to this emerging phenomenon. Under the theory of moral sentiments, we posit that some entrepreneurs are altruistically motivated to promote a morally effective economic system by engaging in social entrepreneurial activities. Focusing on China's Guangcai (Glorious) Program, a social entrepreneurship program initiated by China's private entrepreneurs to combat poverty and contribute to regional development, we find that private entrepreneurs are motivated to participate in such programs if they have more past distressing experiences, including limited educational opportunities, unemployment experience, rural poverty experience, and startup location hardship. Their perceived social status further strengthens these relationships. Our study contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by offering a moral sentiment perspective that explains why some entrepreneurs voluntarily join a social entrepreneurship program to mitigate poverty in society.

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31

Chuang, Ya Han. "Aubervilliers sur Wenzhou, ou la transformation du Grand Paris par les entrepreneurs chinois." Hommes & migrations, no. 1320 (January 1, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.4050.

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32

Pina, Carine. "Li Zhipeng, Les entrepreneurs chinois en France. Le modèle de la diaspora Wenzhou." Diasporas, no. 37 (February 9, 2021): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/diasporas.6599.

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33

YU, FU LAI TONY. "Private Enterprise Development in a One-Party Autocratic State: The Case of Alibaba Group in China’s E-Commerce." Issues & Studies 54, no. 01 (2018): 1850001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251118500017.

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This study attempts to explain China’s industrial development with special reference to e-commerce. It argues that in a one-party autocratic regime such as China, the collaboration between government officials and private entrepreneurs in strategic industries can promote industrial growth. Since Internet can jeopardize communist party’s goal of maintaining cohesiveness and absolute political power, the Chinese government has imposed surveillance on private operation in all IT operations. Specifically, in e-commerce industry, through collaborations with private enterprises, the communist party can “kill two birds in one arrow.” On the one hand, party members are able to preserve national security and maintain social and financial stability by closely monitoring the private enterprise operation. Moreover, party members can seize tangible and non-tangible benefits from the growth in e-commerce firms. On the other hand, private e-commerce enterprises, by building close connection with public officials and senior party members, can obtain strong support from the government, and thus boosting its business growth. This argument is applied to explain the miraculous growth of Alibaba Group, a private e-commerce enterprise in China. In particular, the paper attempts to show the relationship between the Chinese government and the private entrepreneur in the e-business development and how their collaboration enhances growth in the Internet market.

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34

Pairault, Thierry. "Des immigrants entrepreneurs ou entreprenants ? La petite entreprise chinoise en France." Espace, populations, sociétés 14, no. 2 (1996): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/espos.1996.1769.

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35

Nee, Victor, and Frank W. Young. "Peasant Entrepreneurs in China's "Second Economy": An Institutional Analysis." Economic Development and Cultural Change 39, no. 2 (1991): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451871.

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36

McNally, Christopher A. "China's ChangingGuanxiCapitalism: Private Entrepreneurs between Leninist Control and Relentless Accumulation." Business and Politics 13, no. 2 (2011): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1339.

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Guanxiandguanxicapitalism are much-debated terms in the context of China's evolving political economy. This article explores the changing nature of China'sguanxicapitalism. It analyzes first various aspects ofguanxicapitalism, a unique conceptual blend infused with seemingly incongruous cultural and historical meanings drawn from both Chinese and Western roots. It then introduces three case studies of private firms, illustrating empirically how Chinese entrepreneurs' relationship with the political system is evolving. The article ends by assessing the ways in which political factors,guanxipractices and capitalist accumulation are interacting and changing. I hold thatguanxicapitalism is playing a crucial role in realigning the interests of state and capital in China. It yields idiosyncratic benefits to certain Chinese private firms, while also bridging the logics of freewheeling capital accumulation and authoritarian control in a state-dominated economy. In this view,guanxicapitalism encompasses both contradictory and complementary institutional logics. Since the persistence of Leninist control generates “deliberate ambiguity” in how China's private sector is governed, the penetration ofguanxinetworks into government-business relations creates institutional space that enables both Leninist control and relentless capital accumulation to proceed, in turn lending China's emergent capitalism a unique quality.

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Yu, Zhen, and David Gibbs. "Unravelling the role of green entrepreneurs in urban sustainability transitions: A case study of China’s Solar City." Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2019): 2901–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019888144.

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This paper aims to understand the role of green entrepreneurs in urban sustainability transitions. We propose an analytical framework combining transition approaches and green entrepreneurship from a relational lens. It includes four processes: emergence of green entrepreneurs, multi-scalar interest coordination, empowering through anchoring, and struggling with the regime at the urban scale. This framework is illustrated through an empirical analysis of the role of green entrepreneurs in the development of the solar water heater industry in China’s Solar City. The analysis unravels how the local institutional contexts and multi-scalar relations empowered local green entrepreneurs to become system builders for urban transitions.

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Chen, Jie, and Bruce J. Dickson. "Allies of the State: Democratic Support and Regime Support among China's Private Entrepreneurs." China Quarterly 196 (December 2008): 780–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741008001124.

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AbstractThis article examines the intensity and sources of Chinese private entrepreneurs' support for the current political system. The study presented here is based on data from a representative sample of private entrepreneurs collected from five coastal provinces in late 2006 and early 2007. In general, China's private entrepreneurs tend to support the current party-state and to be in favour of the status quo. Subjective values are far more important than CCP membership and relationship to the state in determining which capitalists are regime supporters. Among all the factors analysed in this study, democratic values, life satisfaction, evaluation of government policy performance and perception of official corruption play the most decisive roles in shaping private entrepreneurs' support for the incumbent regime. Only red capitalists who are former cadres are likely to be reliable supporters of the regime when subjective values are also considered; other ties to the state do not create support for the regime. The degree of regime support also exhibits considerable regional variation. These findings have important implications for the survival of the regime and for the role of private entrepreneurs in a potential political change towards democracy.

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Wang, Chunlei, Zhaowen Duan, and Larry Yu. "From nonprofit organization to social enterprise." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 6 (2016): 1287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0230.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the development of a social enterprise in China’s tourism industry by analyzing the coevolution of the social entrepreneur and the social system. Design/methodology/approach Purposeful sampling was used to select 1kg.org as a single-case study. Semistructured in-depth interviews of three informants were conducted to obtain organization-specific insights. Interview data were analyzed following structuration theory. Secondary data and interviews of other social entrepreneurs and experts were used to support the findings. Research findings were validated using triangulation and member-checking methods. Findings Because of the institutional environment, most nonprofit organizations in China do not have resource independence and clear legal identity. Meanwhile, social enterprise has emerged as a new organizational form with the objective of creating social value through profitable business operations. Practical implications Social enterprise is still in its infancy in China, particularly in the tourism field. This study reveals an innovative and sustainable model for nonprofit organizations in China facing institutional challenges and competitive funding environments. It provides recommendations to policymakers for improving mechanisms to increase social services through social enterprises. Originality/value This study proposes a new conceptual framework for studying social entrepreneurship by adapting structuration theory to address contemporary social and business issues.

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Zhang, Lin. "The entrepreneurial labor of reinvention in Beijing’s Zhongguancun high-tech district." Communication and the Public 5, no. 3-4 (2020): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057047320959851.

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Deploying the concept of the entrepreneurial labor of reinvention, this article contrasts the experiences of elite and grassroots IT entrepreneurs as they navigated China’s post-2008 economic restructuring centered around IT innovation and entrepreneurship in Beijing’s Zhongguancun high-tech district, also known as China’s Silicon Valley. By situating the changing labor practices and subjectivities of a new generation of Zhongguancun IT entrepreneurs in the history of the post-Mao evolution of IT labor and entrepreneurship, this article emphasizes the specificities of digital work that both continue from and reinvent historically situated local labor practices. It also deconstructs the universalism of the state-led entrepreneurialization campaign to highlight its regime of inequalities and persisting politics of exclusion.

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Azzhary Muhammad Rio and Hilfi Biyan Firza. "BRI as International Norm Construction of China's Green Development Strategy in Asia." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i1.143.

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For several decades, the environmental considerations have been one of a neglected aspect of China’s development process. The massive development and industrialization process have a direct impact on environmental degradation in China, causing considerable economic losses for this country. But now China is no longer a country with an image of development that is not environmentally friendly. That old image seems to be changing, from being not environmentally friendly to pay more attention to develop more “green” development. This change can be seen through the implementation of green development agenda on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mega-project. The project is not only China's economic instrument in expanding its market and investment but also can be seen as a tool to construct China's new norms in international level, especially in Asia. The new norm is green development. Thanks to BRI, China has positioned itself as one of the leading countries on the green development agenda. This paper will examine the extent of the changes have been taken place by using constructivism perspective through the Norm Diffusion Theory of Finnemore and Sikkink (1998). The norm diffusion theory will be elaborated from two aspects, first is the norm entrepreneur, and second is the norm life cycle. State actor and non-state actor roles of China are both important players and decision-makers for steering the BRI project on an expected track. Not only that, the establishment of the International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRIGC) at the beginning of 2019 reflects China's strong commitment to a green development agenda that appears to have been successfully internalized in the Asia region.

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Child, John, Yuan Lu, and Terence Tsai. "Institutional Entrepreneurship in Building an Environmental Protection System for the People's Republic of China." Organization Studies 28, no. 7 (2007): 1013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607078112.

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This paper examines institutional entrepreneurship in the development of China's environmental protection system (EPS) over a period of almost 30 years. China's EPS evolved in four main stages, the boundaries of which were marked by transition-critical events. Within each stage, institutional entrepreneurs conducted activities that supported trajectories of field development. These activities are analysed according to the way they contributed to the construction of regulative, normative and cognitive institutional system pillars. The formation of the EPS as an organizational field in China was characterized by a `made order' in which the regulative system came first and the state and its agencies dominated the process as the principal institutional entrepreneurs. In this respect it contrasts with the evolution of the same field in the USA.

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WANG, JUNMIN. "LEGAL UNFAIRNESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION IN CHINA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 03 (2019): 1950019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500195.

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The scholarship of entrepreneurship has identified the significance of institutional and social factors in accounting for entrepreneurial activity and firm innovation, especially in emerging economies and transitional societies. However, the lion’s share of the existent literature focuses on entrepreneurs’ characteristics and psychological traits and firms’ structures and strategies. In this study, I develop a relatively comprehensive analytic framework to study the interactive relationships between economic actors’ institutional trust, risk-taking activities and their risk-sharing with social and political actors in shaping firm innovativeness. By analyzing a nationally representative sample of Chinese private companies, I find that entrepreneurs’ legal confidence, risk-taking and risk-sharing activities are positively associated with firm innovativeness, respectively. Entrepreneurs’ risk-taking and risk-sharing activities can substitute for the role of entrepreneurs’ trust in China’s legal system in shaping firm innovativeness. Entrepreneurs’ social ties serve as the most salient factor that modulates the association between entrepreneurs’ institutional trust and innovative activities.

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Schulz, Yvan. "Scrapping ‘Irregulars’: China’s Recycling Policies, Development Ethos and Peasants Turned Entrepreneurs." Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 35, no. 2 (2019): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20446/jep-2414-3197-35-2-33.

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Xiaoguang, Fan, and Lü Peng. "The Social Composition of China's Private Entrepreneurs: Class and Cohort Differences." Social Sciences in China 40, no. 1 (2019): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2019.1556472.

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Dickson, Bruce J. "Integrating Wealth and Power in China: The Communist Party's Embrace of the Private Sector." China Quarterly 192 (December 2007): 827–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007002056.

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AbstractIs privatization in China leading to political change? This article presents original survey data from 1999 and 2005 to evaluate the Communist Party's strategy towards the private sector. The CCP is increasingly integrating itself with the private sector, both by co-opting entrepreneurs into the Party and encouraging current Party members to go into business. It has opened the political system to private entrepreneurs, but still screens which ones are allowed to play political roles. Because of their close personal and professional ties, and because of their shared interests in promoting economic growth, China's capitalists and communist officials share similar viewpoints on a range of political, economic and social issues. Rather than promote democratic governance, China's capitalists have a stake in preserving the political system that has allowed them to prosper, and they are among the Party's most important bases of support.

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Kohnert, Dirk. "Karsten Giese et Laurence Marfaing (éds). Entrepreneurs africains et chinois. Les impacts sociaux d’une rencontre particulière." Anthropologie & développement, no. 45 (May 1, 2017): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anthropodev.555.

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CHAU, SANDY S. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP." Journal of Enterprising Culture 03, no. 03 (1995): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495895000143.

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This paper serves as a review on the recent growth of private entrepreneurship in China. Since the economic reform began, private enterprise has become one of the fastest growing segments of China's economy. Prior to December 1978, when private sector activities were legalized, China had a mere 150,000 registered self-employed workers. In 1981, the State Council specified the size and scope of private sector activities in which urban 'geti hu', or individual households, were allowed to operate. In 1987, Beijing allowed for a second classification of private entrepreneur, the 'siying giye', or private enterprise with more than eight employees. Based on two major national surveys in 1992 and 1993 on private enterprises, this paper reports on this new breed of Chinese private entrepreneurship.

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Li, Chien-pin. "Norm Entrepreneur or Interest Maximiser?: China’s Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations, 2001–2010." China: An International Journal 9, no. 2 (2011): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2011.0010.

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Rozelle, Scott, Albert Park, Jikun Huang, and Hehui Jin. "Bureaucrat to Entrepreneur: The Changing Role of the State in China's Grain Economy." Economic Development and Cultural Change 48, no. 2 (2000): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/452456.

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