Academic literature on the topic 'Entrepreneur(ship)'

In many countries, especially in developing countries, there are many social problems that need to be resolved. The high level of poverty and unemployment, the lack of available health facilities, or the low quality of existing education, is an acute problem that becomes a tough domestic work for a developing country's government. Given the current global conditions, where free competition is inevitable, it certainly adds to the long list of strategies that the government must take to tackle various social problems. The government can not struggle and work alone in dealing with the complexity of the existing problems, it is certainly necessary for the active role of all elements of the society so that the problems that whack, can unravel and be solved. One step that can be taken by the government in order to empower and protect the people in the era of free competition is to support, develop, and multiply the existence of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship has the potential to provide some social solutions that affect a country.This paper shows the concept of social entrepreneurship as historical background, characteristics, challenges faced and business model of social entrepreneurship in order to overcome various social problems that can have a positive impact on economic development.

In European Union there has been growing interest in education in the area of entrepreneur-ship. Programs and agendas present the ideas for training in entrepreneurial attitude for groupsof different age. This paper is a contribution to the research on entrepreneurial attitude amongyoung people. The article is based on survey conducted at Cracow University of Economicsamong the third year students who attended to the academic course of entrepreneurship. The ar-ticle synthesizes students’ opinions, experience and plans for the nearest future. The maininterest of the research is whether the young people already consider being entrepreneur as a pathfor professional career.

In this new issue, the Journal of Speech Sciences (JoSS) publishes a letter that addresses the opening paper Advancing research and practice in entrepreneur- ship through speech analysis - from descriptive rhetorical terms to phonetically informed acoustic charisma metrics by Oliver Niebuhr, Silke Tegtmeier and Alexander Brem, which came out in the previous issue.

This article contributes to modern shipping history by analysing the Swedish state’s role as a ship owner in the 1970s and 1980s, when it at most controlled a fleet of 47 ships of six million deadweight tonnes, making it one of the world’s largest ship owners. The article, departing from a theoretical framework of the ‘state as entrepreneur’, describes the conception, functioning and dismantling of two state-owned shipping companies, Zenit and Uddevalla (UV) Shipping, and throws light on a hitherto undocumented aspect of modern Swedish maritime history. It argues that Zenit and UV Shipping had a significant impact on the development of the Swedish shipping industry in the 1970s and the 1980s.

<p>This article aims to reveal the values of local wisdom explored from the teachings of the Siddîqîyah order which drives the emergence of high spirit of entrepreneur-ship. The article demonstrates that the spirit of entrepreneur-ship within the Siddîqîyah order is strongly related to its teachings, doctrines and culture, such as that of the unity between faith and humanity, the eight points of readiness for the Siddîqîyah membership, and the doctrine of ‘santri’ (disciple). In attempts to earn living, they run business enterprise through promoting the principle of hard-work and good business management, in addition to implementing spiritual and social capital in achieving success in business. They believe in and feel the strength of prayer (<em>du‘â’</em>), certain rituals, and the importance of belief and harmony to achieve success in business. The teachings, doctrines and culture of the Siddîqîyah order influence the understanding towards the meaning of wealth or property, and occupy an important position in the life of the Siddîqîyah followers. For them, property or wealth has double meaning; it is not only meant in economic context, but also understood in other meanings, i.e., social, spiritual, cultural, and philosophical.</p>

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English<br>The development of leadership potential in adolescents cannot be approached in a haphazard manner. It ought to occur on the basis of a dynamic development model within a structured space. Such a model should not only prepare adolescents for their current leadership role, but also, and more particularly, its very nature should be more career-oriented. The question of what model will strive to equip adolescents with greater entrepreneurially-orientated leadership knowledge, therefore justifiably calls for closer investigation. In this study, an attempt has been made to find a suitable model to meet these needs. With this in mind, a study of the literature on the phenomenon of successful leadership was undertaken. Various relevant aspects that incorporate organisationally-structured management, were also examined. This enabled the researcher to develop a practice-oriented model from a study of the literature. In the implementation of the research design, use was made of qualitative research methods and techniques in order to collect and analyse relevant data. The study entailed 'action research' in which two independant groups were involved. For this purpose, the research results of the second cycle were concentrated on in order to reach findings and draw conclusions, and to make recommendations. This research ultimately revealed that adolescents have a deep need for entrepreneurially-oriented leadership development content. Individual participants also derived significant benefits from the implementation of the model. Owing to the success achieved with this research study, the management team of the school involved has decided to establish a full-time entrepreneurship centre for its pupils. This study can therefore be regarded as a contribution towards meeting the need for similar models in South African schools, in a practical and viable way.<br>Die ontwikkeling van adolessente se leierspotensiaal is nie iets wat lukraak aangepak kan word nie. Dit behoort aan die hand van 'n dinamiese ontwikkelingsmodel binne 'n gestruktureerde ruimte te geskied. Sodanige model behoort adolessente nie alleen vir hul huidige leierskaprol voor te berei nie, maar behoort in besonder ook 'n meer beroepsgerigte karakter te openbaar. Daar kan dus tereg gevra word hoe die model behoort te lyk wat daarna streef om adolessente met groter entrepreneursgerigte leierskapskennis toe te rus. In hierdie studie is gepoog om vas te stel of 'n geskikte model gevind kan word wat aan bogenoemde behoefte voldoen. Met die oog hierop, is 'n literatuurstudie oor die verskynsel van suksesvolle leierskap onderneem. Daarbenewens is verskeie toepaslike aspekte waarbinne die bestuurswese hom in 'n organisatoriese struktuur vergestalt, ook van nader beskou. Dit het die navorser in staat gestel om 'n praktykgerigte model vanuit 'n literatuurstudie te ontwikkel. Tydens die implementering van die navorsingsontwerp, is van kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes en -tegnieke gebruik gemaak om relevante data in te samel en te analiseer. Die studie het voorts die vorm van aksienavorsing aangeneem waarby twee onafhanklike groepe betrek is. Vir die doeleindes is daar op die navorsingsresultate van die tweede siklus gekonsentreer om bevindinge, gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings te maak. Hierdie navorsing het uiteindelik getoon dat adolessente 'n groot behoefte aan entrepreneursgerigte leierontwikkelingsinhoude toon, terwyl individuele deelnemers baie baat by die implementering van sodanige model gevind het. Op grond van die sukses wat met hierdie navorsingstudie behaal is, het die bestuurspan van die betrokke skool besluit om 'n voltydse entrepreneurskapsentrum vir sy leerlinge tot stand te bring. Hierdie studie kan derhalwe beskou word as 'n bydrae om die behoefte aan soortgelyke modelle in Suid-Afrikaanse skole op 'n prakties-uitvoerbare wyse te vervul.<br>Psychology of Education<br>D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Projeto de mestrado em Políticas Comunitárias e Cooperação Territorial<br>Resumo: Nos últimos tempos, o empreendedorismo é visto como uma oportunidade de inclusão profissional e social, e como um fenómeno capaz de ajudar no desenvolvimento económico da sociedade. Caracterizado como o motor da inovação e competitividade, o empreendedorismo representa 30% do número de empreendedores existentes na União Europeia. Apesar de metade do total da população da União Europeia ser mulher, só um terço possui um auto emprego ou começou um negócio. A União Europeia sofre de um défice de empreendedores mulheres comparativamente com os homens. Em Portugal o panorama persiste, sendo que, os homens são duas vezes mais propensos à criação de negócio que as mulheres, representando 10% do empreendedorismo masculino. Neste cenário, e apesar de terem um elevado nível de potencial empreendedor, os estudos revelam que as mulheres são as que enfrentam as maiores dificuldades na criação de um projeto de negócio, principalmente nas questões de logística (financiamento, tecnologias) educativa e cognitiva (grau de qualificação, áreas de conhecimento, perceção de oportunidades de negócio, resistência ao risco, etc.), e na relação de conciliação entre família e trabalho, em comparação com os homens. O presente estudo está inserido no curso de Mestrado Interuniversitário e Internacional em Políticas Comunitárias e Cooperação Territorial, intitulado, A Missão das Universidades e o Empreendedorismo Cientifico e Tecnológico – As Mulheres e os Spin-offs Académicos, levado a cabo no Instituto de Ciências Sociais e na Escola de Economia e Gestão da Universidade do Minho. Neste sentido, o trabalho de projeto segue o design de investigação de abordagem qualitativa, centrado num estudo de caso específico, designadamente, mulheres portuguesas que optaram estar ligadas a experiências empreendedoras e/ ou a projetos de spin-offs académicos de inovação científica e tecnológica, áreas importantes no fomento da competitividade económica e da inclusão social. Em termos gerais, e utilizando a técnica de entrevista semi-diretiva, o objectivo do presente trabalho consiste em aprofundar e compreender as principais motivações, obstáculos, oportunidades, representações e projetos futuros de mulheres envolvidas numa atividade empreendedora.<br>Abstract: Lately, entrepreneurship is seen as an opportunity for professional and social inclusion, and as a phenomenon able to help in the economic development of society. Characterized as the engine of innovation and competitiveness, entrepreneurship represents 30% of the entrepreneurs in European Union. Despite half of the European Union total population being female, only one third has a self-employment or started a business. The European Union suffers from a shortage of entrepreneurs in the areas of innovation, science and technology. In Portugal, men are twice potential to create business comparing with women. They represent 10% of male entrepreneurship in national space. In this scenario, and despite having a high level of entrepreneurial potential, studies show that women are facing the greatest difficulties in creating a business project, especially in logistics issues (finance, technology) educational and cognitive (degree qualifications, areas of knowledge, perception of business opportunities, scratch resistance) and the relationship of reconciling family and work, compared with men . This study was part of the Project Work of the Master in European Policies and Territorial Cooperation, entitled, “The Mission of Universities and the Scientific and Technological Entrepreneurship - Women and the Academic Spin-offs”, carried out at the Social Sciences Institute and the Economics and Management School, in University of Minho. The warning of this study is the emergence of calling the attention of universities to promote entrepreneurship innovation of science and technology for the development of new knowledge economy. In this sense, the work follows the model of qualitative research approach, focused on a specific case study, named women who chose to be linked to entrepreneurial experiences and/ or projects of academic spin-offs, in the areas of innovation and technology. In general terms, and using the technique of semi-directive interview, the aim of this work is to deepen and understand the main motivations, obstacles and / or opportunities, and future projects representations of women involved in entrepreneurial activity in I&D - Innovation and Development areas.

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird zunächst der Terminus Technicus „Social Entrepreneur(-ship)“ anhand von Beispielen aus Praxis und Wissenschaft verortet. Hierauf basierend wird das arbeitswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisinteresse für das Forschungsvorhaben benannt und die Relevanz der Forschungsthematik wird verdeutlicht. Aus den Ausführungen wird die übergeordnete Problemstellung als zentrale Leitfrage für die eigene Untersuchung formuliert und abschließend wird ein Überblick zur Logik des inhaltlichen Aufbaus der Arbeit geschaffen.