Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entrepreneuriat – Aspect anthropologique – Québec (Province)'
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Wang, Yan, and Yan Wang. "Le choix de l'entrepreneuriat chez les travailleurs qualifiés d'origine chinoise dans la région de Québec : une étude exploratoire sur leurs réseaux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37767.
Full textLa présente recherche en ethnologie et patrimoine s’intègre dans le courant de la recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat. S’appuyant sur les théories de l’immigration et de l’interculturalité, cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le processus d’intégration au marché du travail chez les immigrants d’origine chinoise. En observant les dynamiques d’entrepreneuriat chez les participants, nous mettons en lumière leur développement de réseaux locaux, ethniques, transnationaux d’une part et, d’autre part, les perceptions qu’ils ont sur leurs choix professionnels et sur leurs modes de réseautage. Les caractéristiques et les trajectoires des individus, les motivations pour créer ou reprendre une entreprise, les fonctions de réseaux et le phénomène d’immigration en région font partie des dimensions d’analyse qui soulèvent des questions théoriques en matière d’intégration socioprofessionnelle, d’entrepreneuriat et de réseaux sociaux. La méthodologie adoptée s’appuie sur le parcours de vie, les entrevues semi-dirigées et l’analyse de contenu. La recherche a aussi fait appel à la réalisation de cartes de réseaux afin de mieux connaître le développement et le changement de réseaux de dimensions diverses durant le processus d’entrepreneuriat chez les immigrants d’origine chinoise. La démarche d’analyse se fait en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, on fait ressortir les trajectoires migratoires des entrepreneurs immigrants ainsi que leurs stratégies d’intégration professionnelle. Puis, le processus d’entrepreneuriat et le développement de réseaux sociaux durant la création ou la reprise de l’entreprise sont analysés. Cette étude se fondant sur des récits et des entrevues des participants permet aussi de connaître les ressources diverses auxquelles les créateurs et repreneurs d’entreprise font appel. Enfin, on constate qu’il existe des différences entre les créateurs et les repreneurs d’entreprise concernant leur capital humain, leurs réseaux sociaux et leurs façons de gérer l’entreprise. On voit qu’il est nécessaire que les instances gouvernementales et paragouvernementales prennent connaissance des différents besoins des immigrants entrepreneurs afin de mettre en place des politiques et des mesures favorables à l’épanouissement des immigrants entrepreneurs.
Canada and Quebec are searching for a large number of immigrants to ensure their demographic, economic and social development. That is the case in the Quebec City region, where the workforce is in high demand due to the aging of the population. By observing the socioprofessionnal dynamics of Chinese skilled workers, the thesis aims to better understand their professional choice in the local labor market and their tactics used to promote their integration. This research seeks to better understand the work search path of Chinese immigrants, their decision to undertake a business project, and the place that they give to social network when they begin their creation or takeover of their company / companies. The methodology adopted in this research is based on life course, the semi-directed interview and the qualitative analysis. The network map is also used to learn about the development of the network, a strategy adopted by Chinese immigrants during the entrepreneurship process. The analysis is divided in two parts. As a first step, the different strategies to enter into Quebec’s labor market from immigrant newcomers are highlighted. Then, the entrepreneurship process and the social network development during the creation and the takeover of the company are analyzed. The trajectories and the characteristics of the individuals, their motivations to undertake a business affair, and the phenomenon of immigration in region are part of the subjects which raise theoretical questions with regard to integration, entrepreneurship and social network. This study, based on stories and interviews of participants, also reveals the diverse resources that business creators and buyers use. Finally, there are differences between creators and buyers of businesses regarding their human capital, their social networks and their ways of running the business. It is necessary for government and para-government bodies to become aware of the different needs of immigrant entrepreneurs in order to put in place policies which contribute to the development of immigrant entrepreneurs.
Canada and Quebec are searching for a large number of immigrants to ensure their demographic, economic and social development. That is the case in the Quebec City region, where the workforce is in high demand due to the aging of the population. By observing the socioprofessionnal dynamics of Chinese skilled workers, the thesis aims to better understand their professional choice in the local labor market and their tactics used to promote their integration. This research seeks to better understand the work search path of Chinese immigrants, their decision to undertake a business project, and the place that they give to social network when they begin their creation or takeover of their company / companies. The methodology adopted in this research is based on life course, the semi-directed interview and the qualitative analysis. The network map is also used to learn about the development of the network, a strategy adopted by Chinese immigrants during the entrepreneurship process. The analysis is divided in two parts. As a first step, the different strategies to enter into Quebec’s labor market from immigrant newcomers are highlighted. Then, the entrepreneurship process and the social network development during the creation and the takeover of the company are analyzed. The trajectories and the characteristics of the individuals, their motivations to undertake a business affair, and the phenomenon of immigration in region are part of the subjects which raise theoretical questions with regard to integration, entrepreneurship and social network. This study, based on stories and interviews of participants, also reveals the diverse resources that business creators and buyers use. Finally, there are differences between creators and buyers of businesses regarding their human capital, their social networks and their ways of running the business. It is necessary for government and para-government bodies to become aware of the different needs of immigrant entrepreneurs in order to put in place policies which contribute to the development of immigrant entrepreneurs.
Bédard, Pierre. "Wendake : évolution des pratiques entrepreneuriales et perspective sociétale en ce début de XXIe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26145.
Full textBased on a conceptual principle of change and adaptation, a systemic constancy of mutations through times is observed among human populations, by which everything is defined and redefined by means of each other’s relationship. Should it be recognized the huron-wendat Nation is not an exception to this rule. The study that makes up the substance of this master’s thesis, is an argumentation demonstrating a constant evolution of an entrepreneurial spirit having characterised that society since long before first contacts with European pioneers, till our present days. This master’s thesis presents a diachronic portrait of entrepreneurship among huron-wendat population of Wendake and an analysis of their social perspective, in this early 21st century. The objective is thus to understand a long-standing accomplishment of well integrated and mature interactive structuring, forming a harmonious overall vision of economic activities, socio-cultural living and a Nation’s administrative organisation at Wendake, toward a perspective, at once, of openness to modernity, of identitary distinction and rights’ assertion.
Gargon, Clara. "Processus de construction de nouvelles identités genrées dans la tradition wicca à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69715.
Full textWe have witnessed in recent years a renewed interest in the world of witchcraft in Western societies. TV series, films, press articles are all there to take on the image of the witch in a new historical context. However, very few know the reality of identities from pagan and neopagan communities, such as those linked to Wicca, a magico-religious tradition which presents a singular cosmology that provides meaning to the relationships between the gender identity of practitioners and their ritual and magical practices. From an anthropological perspective, this dissertation proposes to explore the construction and expression of a Wiccan and gendered identity in Quebec, through public rites and Wiccan daily life. It is a question of taking a critical look at the way of apprehending the multiplicity of gendered identities today within Wicca. This ethnography aims to explore the theological changes that have arisen after the assertion of communities presenting a different vision of heteronormative gender identity.
Amir, Misha. "«La nation n'est pas un concept vague, elle coule dans nos veines» : conscience historique et représentations de l'héritage canadien-français des mouvances identitaires québécoises." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67067.
Full textBoudreault-Fiset, Caroline. "Vaccination et grossesse : analyse des lieux de concordance et de conflit de valeurs éthiques entre la philosophie sage-femme et l'approche de la santé publique au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66319.
Full textAlthough some people may believe so, conceptions of health, illness, and prevention are by no means universal. These conceptions are influenced by the social and cultural context in which they are built. The approaches of medical anthropology are very useful for the analysis of these different conceptions in a given culture. In public health, vaccination is one of the most important intervention. Often criticized,sometimes glorified, this intervention can become a source of important ethical conflicts,especially when it applies to pregnant woman. Since 2007, vaccines can be given to pregnant women and can be recommended, not only by physicians who are involved in maternity care, but also by midwives. With different underlying philosophy of care, health professionals who are involved in maternity care appear to be divided over the importance of vaccination for pregnant women. In this context, the purpose of this research is to analyze the concordance and conflict between ethical values promoted in public health and those underlying the midwifery practice, with regard to vaccination of pregnant women in Quebec. By exploring each of the approaches, this research explores the midwifery approach by collecting testimonials from pregnant women under the care of midwives, to know their personal experience and how they live this type of care. The data presented in this research comes from interviews with midwives and women under their care and an analysis of the Quebec public health discourses on vaccination in pregnancy.
Rouleau, Alexandra. "La déshydratation volontaire chez les combattants d'arts martiaux mixtes : rapport au corps et expérience." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25286.
Full textThis memory thesis presents an anthropological exploration of Quebec’s mixed martial artists’ experience and the use of techniques during their sporting activities, with a focus on the voluntary dehydration. My approach is the theoretical field of the anthropology of the body, and the use of the concept of Reflexive Body Techniques worked out by N. Crossley. Moreover, the theoretical contribution of D. Leder and his concept of dys-appearance will be used to explore the issue of pain. The method is qualitative and is based on open interviews with fighters of different levels of experience and on my own experience as a fighter. The inquiry’s results show that voluntary dehydration is a practice reserved to combat sports and causes important pain such as physical and mental. To conclude, this thesis invite to a thought about weight control practices and their consequences on the well-being.
Allen, Catherine. "Faire son camping? : espace, temps et sociabilité chez les campeurs saisonniers du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24827/24827.pdf.
Full textThis thesis explores the motivations and practices of seasonal campers in the province of Quebec. Following Setha Low’s conceptualization of urban development and conflicts, the author examines the different ways in which campers, year after year, socially produce and construct space, time and sociability in their campground. The thesis is grounded in an ethnographic study completed during the summer of 2006 in two campgrounds located near the city of Montreal. The research results show that, far from being passive consumers, seasonal campers contribute actively to the spatial development of camping grounds and sites, to the organization and management of collective activities and to the creation of an environment which facilitates social exchange.
Lachapelle, Marise, and Marise Lachapelle. "La négociation d'un parcours d'intégration : expériences postsecondaires d'Inuit du Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27650.
Full textCette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de l’éducation postsecondaire des autochtones, plus spécifiquement des Inuit du Nunavik. Située dans le champ de l’anthropologie de l’éducation, elle documente l’expérience d’intégration des Nunavimmiut (habitants du Nunavik) dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires au Québec. Elle porte une attention particulière à l’expérience collégiale, car cette étape, spécifique à la province, fait suite aux études secondaires et est antérieure à l’université. Elle examine plus particulièrement la place qui est faite aux Inuit dans le système d’éducation postsecondaire québécois. En s’intéressant aux négociations quotidiennes qu’effectuent les étudiants inuit, elle discute des expériences et des pratiques dont les registres ne tiennent pas compte. Celles-ci sont tout aussi déterminantes sur les résultats scolaires, sinon davantage, en plus d’être révélatrices des obstacles rencontrés par ces étudiants. En trame de fond, la méconnaissance des Québécois à l’égard des Inuit vient soutenir la pertinence de s’affranchir d’une approche d’intégration vers l’inclusion scolaire. Il semble y avoir consensus entre le gouvernement québécois et les organisations inuit sur l’importance d’augmenter la participation des Inuit aux études postsecondaires. Cependant, les options offertes aux Nunavimmiut participent à leur marginalisation sociale. Même si l’importance d’adapter l’éducation scolaire aux cultures autochtones en y intégrant leurs langues, leurs histoires, leurs revendications, leurs représentations du monde et leurs savoir-faire, est reconnue, bien peu de changements se constatent. Certes, l’intégration favorise la mise en place de stratégies compensatoires afin de permettre aux Inuit de participer à cette éducation standardisée reflétant la société québécoise, mais dans ce processus, le système d’éducation n’est pas remis en question. Dans une discussion entre intégration et inclusion, cette thèse soutient que malgré les mesures proposées par le gouvernement du Québec et le service aux étudiants du postsecondaire de la commission scolaire Kativik pour favoriser l’intégration des Nunavimmiut dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires et dans les programmes, cette approche maintient la prédominance de l’éducation occidentale. Dans ce contexte, il y a peu de place pour être inuit, car ces dernières doivent s’adapter à cette trajectoire normalisée. Cependant, l’inclusion scolaire, dont les bienfaits sont reconnus par de nombreux chercheurs, semble représenter une voie prometteuse pour enfin accorder une valeur comparable aux Inuit en matière d’éducation postsecondaire et soutenir la décolonisation de l’éducation qu’attendent les Inuit et les Premières Nations du Québec.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
Rioux, Simon. "La bière, entre terroir et savoir-faire local : une étude de l'ancrage régional des microbrasseries du Bas-Saint-Laurent et de la Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33746.
Full textThe subject of this study is the regional implantation of microbreweries located in Bas-Saint-Laurent and Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, two regions of Quebec that are distant from urban centers. The regional implantation that these microbreweries demonstrate is observed from different angles : the local origin of resources used in the making of beer, the quality of terroir assigned to the beer, the local marketing of the products, the social significance of the pub in their community and finally the symbolic regional representations that can be found on beer labels. The analysis is carried out with the concepts of local consumption and terroir. Cheers! -- Keywords : Beer, Craft beer, Local consumption, Terroir, Rural areas, Anthroplogy
Coulombe-Demers, Jérôme. "Bière, terroir et patrimoine au Québec : le cas du style de bière annedda." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26063.
Full textThe anneda is a new style of beer described as typically québécois, which is analysed from the concept of terroir and heritage. It was possible to demonstrate that this typicity of this style is socially constructed with references from Quebec’s history. Within this study, three goals was fixed to find out in which way this style of beer belongs to Québec’s terroir and heritage. First of all, the annedd’ale project was documented and its production was described. Secondly, the chosen raw materials by the brewers for their own annedda beer were listed as the reasons of these choices. Finally, the third and last goal was intended to analysed the perceptions and opinions of differents kind of actors who revolve around the annedda style. To do this, in 2012 and 2013, interviews were made with those who conceived the style, those who brew it, and those who produce the raw materials.
Da, Silva Ferreira Paulo Rogers. "Ce qui nous rassemble autour de la "dernière bière" : vivre le feeling du moment en Beauce (Québec)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27046.
Full textThis thesis offers an anthropological understanding of alcohol consumption and puts forward an innovative approach based on the « metaphysics of the near-ending ». This approach was developed following an ethnographic research conducted in the Beauce region of Quebec. Instead of considering alcohol as a social or public health problem, I sought to understand how and why we drink, in Beauce, letting myself be guided by local drinkers. By taking part in many evenings where beer is omnipresent, whether in garages, bars or the local arena, I allowed myself to be affected by words and sensations that go along with what they call the « feeling of the moment ». Looking back, I found that Beauce drinkers have developed defensive strategies to escape the control exerted on their alcoholic behavior and, more broadly, on alcoholism. In fact in the perspective of the « metaphysics of the near-ending », the amount of drinks consumed is not important, given the « feeling of the moment »; cultural or medical standards related to alcohol consumption do not prevail, and that is why this approach can explain the discourses and practices related to alcohol consumption which at first sight seem paradoxical or even completely absurd. To show how the approach put forward is distinctive, but especially to explain how alcohol consumption has come to represent, in anthropology as in other disciplines, a practical problem that must be understood in order to fight it, the first part of the thesis is a historical perspective of alcoholism as a scientific concept and social issue. I present a critical review of different approaches and concepts developed from the late seventeenth century by doctors, psychologists, economists, sociologists and euro-american anthropologists to address consumption, and especially what is considered as an excessive consumption of alcohol. I suggest that these scientists have conducted, for over two centuries, a crusade against « excessive drinkers ». Working with the State, temperance movements and private companies, they have contributed to containing alcohol abuse in the West. In the second part of the thesis, ethnography is used to support the theoretical perspective developed after the end of the fieldwork. I analyze how alcohol drinkers live and make last the « feeling of the moment » during social drinking. Throughout my field work, I discovered that alcohol drinkers have invented eleven strategies in order to live and sustain the « feeling of the moment » by consuming alcohol with others. These strategies are summarized in the concept of a « metaphysics of the near-ending ». They are a form of resistance in the context of a society that seeks to control alcoholic behavior.
Bouchard, Marie-Claude. "La féminité corporelle et consommée : regard anthropologique sur des pratiques de consommation chez de jeunes femmes québécoises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23879/23879.pdf.
Full textDumas, Marie-Eve. "Nourrir le lien : l'approvisionnement local en milieu rural, le cas de Bellechasse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30158/30158.pdf.
Full textBolduc, Carolyne. "Cadrer la beauté : recherche-action par l'art, engagement et agentivité dans l'espace public de Limoilou." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33938.
Full textThis master’s thesis reports on an arts-based action research implemented in the public space of Limoilou, a Quebec City neighborhood. In recent decades, major economic and social transformations have led to a gentrification process in Limoilou. However, unlike many other neighborhoods in contemporary Western cities which are going through similar processes, Limoilou is the scene of many civil and community activities, demonstrations and protests. Analyzing them highlights the commitment and agency of a community of new residents struggling for power over urban space. The aim of their struggles is to remain the initiators of the projects and to keep the power over the development of the Limoilou public space. Implemented with the residents of this community, the process of creating two projects (one artistic and the other one based on tactical urbanism) has made visible a common imaginary translated into collective action. In a critical theoretical perspective, our analysis also uncovered the effects of global structural dimensions on local action while demonstrating the community's creative adaptations to them. This research therefore proposes avenues for reflection to address new forms of urban public space initiatives. Keywords: Limoilou, Urban anthropology, Arts based action-research, Public space, Agency, Civic engagement, Public art, Tactical urban planning, Gentrification.
Boucher, Mylène. "Bien vieillir en étant actif : le cas de la participation des aînés à l'Université du troisième âge de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27234.
Full textThis thesis focuses upon the participation of aged persons in the University of third age of Quebec (UTAQ) and its association with the ageing-well norm promoted within the Quebec’s policy on ageing. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 students in the UTAQ in order to understand their reasons for participating in this organization as well as their perspectives regarding ageing and how it is framed and managed by society. The conceptual framework underpinning this research is the anthropology of policy, which is useful for understanding how citizens are governed in a neoliberal society. This framework derives from Foucault’s work regarding knowledge-power links and norms. The recent literature regarding neoliberalism emphasises the technique of responsibilization which is central to this mode of governance. The perspectives of the UTAQ students revealed that they are very sensitive to the messages within the ageing policy and that they generally adhere to its vision of ageing while nevertheless remaining very critical of certain aspects. Finally, this analysis reveals that UTAQ may effectively contributes, in various ways, to the objectives of the ageing-well policy.
Gagnon, Poulin Éric. "Pauvreté et inégalités sociales, Québec et Chaudière-Appalaches : vécu et représentations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36253.
Full textThis research is a content analysis around poverty, social exclusion and inequalities and its influence on the social participation of low-income people in the regions of Quebec and Chaudière-Appalaches. It focuses on the State’s discourse and particularly the one from the ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale, responsible for the Act to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion (Bill 112) and its action plans. I discuss the alteration of social assistance programmes under the neoliberal ideology; from a universal and inclusive social assistance to a categorized and meritocratic welfare based on employability. It is also about the popular discourse, therefore the social representations of the ‘poor’ and poverty, as well as the dynamics created with the State’s discourse and how they interact; making individuals responsible for their own socio-economic condition, without considering the structural mechanisms that lead to poverty.
Paradis, Vigneault Marie-Claude. "Par les mains pour les yeux : Les représentations de l'identité sourde au sein de performances artistiques de la scène montréalaise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29327/29327.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is based on ethnographic research conducted primarily within the Montreal’s Deaf community and tries to identify Deaf identity representations through artistic performances of the Montreal scene. The purpose of the research is to include Deaf culture in the social and scientific reflections about the expression of their cultural identity by minorities, through the arts. In an attempt to demonstrate the links, both theoretical and practical, between the Deaf identity and recognized social and socio-political minorities such as Blacks, gays, women or Queers, this study is grounded in the concepts of performativity (Judith Butler), performance (Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner) and representations (Moscovici and Stuart Hall). It also demonstrates the relationships between these concepts, the subjects’ personal experiences, their agency and their artistic expression.
Lamotte, Patricia. "Créations artistiques et expériences de migration : le cas d'artistes montréalais réfugiés ou déplacés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30385/30385.pdf.
Full textMouvet-Jourde, Zoé. "Imaginaire, spiritualité et médecine holistique : des rites de mort alternatifs au Québec?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25251/25251.pdf.
Full textVaillancourt, Benoit. "De l’héritage au patrimoine : trajectoires intergénérationnelles de quatre environnements d’art populaire au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66437.
Full textAnctil-Corneau, Marie-Pier. "La peur au ventre : la viande halal dans l'assiette québécoise : pratiques et stratégies alimentaires culturelles en contexte québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26729.
Full textNotre mémoire est dans l’entre-lieu de deux champs de recherche : les pratiques alimentaires religieuses extraites de leur contexte et la définition de l’identité en lien avec ces pratiques ou en réaction à l’introduction de celles-ci en terre d’accueil. Nous avons étudié la viande halal, un objet à forte charge symbolique, en interrogeant des informateurs musulmans pratiquants installés dans la province de Québec et des Québécois dits de souche pour comprendre leurs perceptions de cet objet et son aménagement dans leur vie quotidienne et dans l’espace public.
Rouillier, Anne-Marie. "Corps, douleur et risque dans le processus menant à privilégier l'accouchement physiologique et le suivi sage-femme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25815.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the experience of Quebec women who delivered at home or in a birthing center with a midwife. To highlight their experience, 20 mothers who gave birth at most 15 months before we met for semi-structured interviews. Four midwives have also shared their practice. The analysis centers on the mothers’ experiences and focuses on the concepts of body, pain and risk in order to understand how they lived and interpreted their last perinatal experience. From these testimonies, three types of experiences have emerged suggesting how this event is as unique as the woman who lives it. Thus, for some women, childbirth with a midwife is the obvious choice, for others it serves to repair previous disappointment, injury or trauma, and finally for some, it is to get away from the hospital protocols and potential interventions.
Dubé, Ève. "Pour une ethnoéthique de la santé publique : les programmes de réduction des méfaits." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24470/24470.pdf.
Full textLapointe, Therrien Isabelle. "La danse : un médium de relations interculturelles entre les Québécois et les immigrants vivant à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19863.
Full textBravetti, Clémence. "Les scientifiques et la nature dans le Parc Marin du Saguenay Saint-Laurent." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66344.
Full textThis research is in line with the many researches concerning the relationship between humans and nature. It explores the particular case of a marine park, through the prism of cultural anthropology. The question of the relationship of Park Canada scientists with nature in the Saguenay Saint Laurent Marine Park arises through their relationship with the marine environment, which is their object of study. Relationships with nature are built through theirfield-based scientific practices and tools used to make the marine environment more accessible to scientific understanding. The specificities of the marine environment in the park, opaque, cold and invisible, play on the importance of whales as creators of a unique link between researchers and nature.
Brière, Andréanne. "L'appropriation de l'espace domestique inuit : enjeux socioculturels à Kangirsujuaq, au Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25245.
Full textThe objective of this research is to explore how Inuit of the community of Kangirsujuaq, in Nunavik, Quebec occupies their space. More specifically, this research examines how these occupy their domestic space through their ability of appropriation and how Kangirsujuarmiut live in their house, imbued with a strong cultural resilience of the nomad way of life. Also, this research explores how they built their own and specific space in a context where exogenous elements of the Inuit culture are present. This study demonstrates an important dynamic of mobility linking domestic space to the community, but also to the territory while being in a highly institutionalized situation.
Martin, Brigitte. "Développement d'un cosmopolitisme : l'expérience des étudiants participant à un programme de mobilité de l'Université Laval." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26741.
Full textThis research focuses on how students at Université Laval, in Quebec, who participated in various mobility programs during their studies, give meaning to their experience, and how that results for a majority of them in the emergence of cosmopolitanism. I explore these mobility experiences by placing the student at the centre of my own thinking. I analyze the deep sense of their experiential narrative in the context of higher education and the challenges of 21st-century education. This leads me to propose three typical study paths that may guide the emergence of a cosmopolitan practice. My ethnological investigation led to the analysis of over 80 interviews conducted with 53 students enrolled in more than 40 university programs at all university levels, all of whom had participated in one of the ten mobility programs offered by the International Office. A focus group made it possible to complement the data and validate my preliminary review of the various policies related to the internationalization of education (UNESCO, CBIE, MELS, UL) that defined my understanding and conceptualization of student mobility data. My analysis is based on two theoretical approaches: first, questioning Anthony Giddens’s structuration theory (1987), it scrutinizes the motivations, positioning and reflexive ability at the basis of the interpretations underlying the practices associated with students’ experiences abroad; secondly, it is anchored in the conceptualization of cosmopolitanism as proposed by Ulf Hannerz (2010). Hence, I adopted a contemporary approach of that phenomenon in the context of higher education and developed three typical study paths based on an anthropological approach of a person’s reflexivity in a changing situation, and taking into account the complex experiences and evolution arising from such mobility. This study adopts an approach of “anthropology at home”, and thus explores new research avenues to be considered in the understanding of contemporary cosmopolitanism.
Roussel, Valérie. "La culture matérielle dans l'espace domestique : rupture et continuité identitaire chez des femmes autochtones à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26618.
Full textIn this master thesis, we are interested in the relationship between domestic material culture and the conception of the identity amongst Aboriginal women recently immigrated to Quebec City, an area of study that is attracting growing interest in a large number of disciplines. So far only a few studies have addressed these issues via observations on women in urban areas. We explore thus the universe of everyday objects of Aboriginal women in this place of solace, meditation and encounter with oneself which is the new city home. For these Aboriginal women in migration from rural to urban settings, domestic objects are important vectors of personal and collective identity. Through interviews, we try to understand the identity status of these objects, their arrangement in space, and the power and scope of their uses by Aboriginal women residing in Quebec City. The indigenous women we interviewed still keep most of their inherited traditional objects that carry with them the traditional Aboriginal values, such as sharing and non-competitiveness. These values are often in conflict with those of the dominant society, such as consumerism and individualism, which can gradually slowdown and disregard the recognition of Aboriginal heritage and self-identification process of these women. However, some women continue to use their traditional objects and to participate in traditional activities that represent a link with their aboriginal communities and values.
Rodriguez, Catalina. "Une citoyenneté de proximité : le cas des immigrants haïtiens installés à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25600.
Full textThis research analyzes the concept of citizenship from an anthropological point of view through the study case of the Haitian immigrants, in Quebec City. We use qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews as well as participant observations of the community events in the Quebec's Haitian Association (QHA). We observe, as well, the prevalence of certain practices in the path of immigrants of the Haitian community in Quebec City. In addition, we realize that the profile of the members of this community plays a key role in the explanation of their successful integration into the Capital National society. We notice that the kind of life and work experiences before their arrival explains largely the ability to adapt to the new environment. Finally, we assess the very positive impact of the contribution of each one of these individuals in Québec.
Dubé, Émilie. "Réseaux sociaux chez les réfugiés bhoutanais à Québec : une question de langue et de malentendus interculturels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26207.
Full textLamothe, Mathilde. "De la neige à la terre battue : approche comparative ethnologique de pratiques sportives - raquettes à neige au Québec et quilles de 9 en France - au prisme du patrimoine culturel immatériel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28111.
Full textAlthough at first sight they may appear diametrically opposed, the fields of heritage and sport invite us to reflect on their relationships and to look beyond the classical binary pattern of tradition/modernity. In this way, identifying of sport practices which may fall within the intangible cultural heritage (as defined by Unesco in 2003) can help to critically examine the processes of this new form of heritage, as well as the political, scientific and methodological issues associated with them. The hypothesis of this study is based on the postulate that the concept of intangible cultural heritage can be a heuristic tool to understand living cultures and appreciate the heritage value of cultural practices and manifestations. This hypothesis is empirically tested through an ethnographic study of traditional games and sports. It puts in perspective the concept of intangible cultural heritage through two different cultural practices : that of snowshoeing in Quebec (Canada) and that of the ninepins game in Gascogne (Aquitaine, France). The comparative study of these sporting activities provides a point of entry into an analysis of the production of new cultural activities from traditional practices and how local actors position themselves with relation to their cultural heritage. In so doing, they are reinventing new transmission processes in a syncretism involving both sport and heritage which questions the definitions of these practices and each fieldwork. Key-words : intangible cultural heritage, Quebec, France, traditional games and sports, patrimonialization, sportivation.
Fouquet, Annabelle. "Les dépaysements : expérience interdisciplinaire en art et anthropologie sur les mobilités croisées entre le Québec et la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67790.
Full textThis specifically-tailored Master's degree in art and anthropology experiments with an interdisciplinary combination of analytic research and aesthetic experience, culminating in both a written thesis and a video installation. It takes a look at individual and collective senses of belonging among groups of people in two territories: Quebec and New Caledonia. This project explores the general challenges of “imagining oneself together”, going beyond differing origins and life horizons within (post)colonial societies. Through semi-directive interviews, and interviews mobilizing original audiovisual footage, this project permits encounters between individuals from New Caledonia who studied in Quebec in mining-related programs on the one hand, and persons originally from Quebec who worked in New Caledonia’s mines on the other hand. The audiovisual interviews, known as “landscape takes”, create an imaginative space which allows participants to situate themselves. It allows participants to co-inhabit these spaces while listening to and repeating the landscape takes of other participants. Through audiovisual editing of filmed sequences, and through the creation of a videographic installation, I have explored the singular and shareable dimension of these identities. I look at sensory and relational dimensions, but also temporal dimensions relative to identitarian processes and dynamics of collective belonging. I also take interest in the way in which these senses of belonging and identitarian process involve, or do not, a national reference.
Melançon, Anne-Marie. "Cultes et spiritualités de la beauté féminine au Québec : une anthropologie des pratiques esthétiques à risque." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25171.
Full textBlanchet, Édouard-Julien. "La participation des Premières nations à la gestion des forêts québécoises : l'exemple du Comité scientifique et d'aménagement de la Forêt Montmorency." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25998.
Full textLe présent mémoire traite de la participation des Premières nations à un processus de participation multi-acteurs dans le milieu forestier québécois. Il s’intéressera plus particulièrement au rôle joué par l’organisation sociale informelle, c’est-à-dire la pensée institutionnelle et les positions institutionnelles, sur la participation d’un acteur au sein d’un processus de participation publique. En s’appuyant sur une perspective interactionniste, cette recherche postule que l’action d’un acteur au sein d’un processus de participation publique ne peut être comprise qu’en étant resituée dans son contexte, dont l’organisation sociale informelle est constituante. Cette analyse des différentes dynamiques liées à la participation publique repose sur une étude de cas ethnographique, c’est-à-dire la participation de la Nation huronne-wendat au Comité scientifique et d’aménagement de la Forêt Montmorency. Forêt d’enseignement et de recherche de l’Université Laval, la Forêt Montmorency revêt également un caractère exemplaire au Québec puisqu’elle désire être un modèle pour la gestion du territoire forestier québécois. Il s’agissait donc d’un choix de terrain tout indiqué dans le cadre de cette recherche. Mots clefs : participation publique, Premières nations, analyse des positions institutionnelles, Forêt Montmorency, étude de cas ethnographique.
First Nations' Participation in the Management of Quebec's Forests: The Case of the Scientific and Planning Committee of the Forêt Montmorency. This study analyzes the participation of First Nations in a multi-stakeholder participation process in Quebec's public forest. In particular, it addresses the role played by informal social organization, that is to say, institutional thinking and institutional positions, on an actor's involvement in a public participation process. Drawing upon the interactionist approach, this study postulates that an actor's actions in a public participation process cannot be fully understood without reference to the contextual dynamics of an informal social organisation. This analysis of different dynamics related to public participation is based on an ethnographic case study: the Huron-Wendat Nation's participation in the Scientific and Planning Committee of the Forêt Montmorency. This study will therefore analyse the various components of informal social organizations, such as reciprocity, interdependence and inter-actor confidence, and the role that they can play in a flexible institutional framework process. Keywords: Public participation, First Nations, positional analysis, Forêt Montmorency, ethnographic case study.
Vivion, Maryline. "Influence de la moralité populaire et des stratégies de gestion du risque dans le cadre de la vaccination des nourrissons au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29931/29931.pdf.
Full textRichardson, Mary. "Polycultures of the mind : organic farmers in Québec and the recovery of agency." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25408/25408.pdf.
Full textProvost, Monique. "Les usages sociaux du djembé au Québec : construction locale d'un patrimoine culturel immatériel mondial." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26663.
Full textThis thesis is part of that field of ethnological studies which concerns the transnational movements of the intangible cultural heritage. It deals with the appropriation of the djembé, a West African drum, by Quebec society. Beginning with a multidisciplinary approach which draws on ethnology, history and ethnomusicology, this thesis adds to our knowledge regarding music making in Quebec and to the research which seeks to understand how new forms of intangible cultural heritage are created at the local level within a global context. The study of the transnational migration of the drum tells the story its evolution, along with the recontextualization and the adaptation of playing styles and the transformations of its Mandinka repertoire in Quebec. Following is a Quebec genealogy relating to the manner in which the drum, beaten by hand, illustrates the global nature of traditions linked by percussive rhythms. Lastly, the ethnography of these practices and the oral research carried out in conjunction with recreational djembé players demonstrate that this cultural activity is, first and foremost, the expression of a form of “social corporeality, ” that is, the construction of, new, albeit transitory, socio-musical entities. Synchronizing the bodies engaged in producing the beat and the rhythm requires as well developing a mind set so as to build a heightened presence of belonging to the group. Furthermore, this drumming activity appears at various social events in addition to those focusing on music. The potential, found in djembé playing, to create a collective experience through the synchronizing of bodies is used for relieving stress in recreational contexts, for teambuilding in the workplace, for motivating youth to persevere in their studies at both primary and secondary levels and, last but not least, in opening new channels for communication with autistic children or those showing behavioural problems at school.
Carrier, Frédérick. "De la « parole habitante » au territoire. Le cas du quartier Saint-Sauveur à Québec au XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29898/29898.pdf.
Full textDoran-Plante, Maxime. "Le reboisement au Québec : l'expérience incorporée à travers la discipline, la musique et l'imagination." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23761/23761.pdf.
Full textCôté-Giguère, Catherine. "Parcours et voix de femmes : intégration et réseaux sociaux chez des immigrantes à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25539.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the integration process of recent immigrant women living in Quebec City. It allows these women to define integration in their own terms, based on their personal perspectives. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of social networks for these women in everyday life. For them, it appears that building social network constitutes a strategy towards integration. Paradoxically, even if they constitute a great source of support, their family networks sometimes restrain them in the achievement of their goals. In spite of having what seemed to be an advantageous situation upon their arrival in Quebec (family, economic category, highly educated), many of these women after two years in Quebec were still having a lot to go through to reach their own integration goals. Several of them were still facing the menace of isolation.
Cook, Mathieu. "Les droits ancestraux des Innus : reconnaissance et contestation : analyse des discours sur l'altérité déployés lors d'une controverse à propos de négociations territoriales." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27422.
Full textNadeau, Frédérick. "Les jeunes de Québec sont-ils cosmopolites? : rapport à la diversité culturelle, rapport au politique et construction identitaire chez des jeunes cégépiens de la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30392/30392.pdf.
Full textThis research tries to determine if Quebec City’s youth can be considered cosmopolitan. It draws upon the content analysis of 169 open-answers questionnaires, completed by students aged 18 to 23, between November 2012 and January 2013. Examining their relation to cultural diversity, their relation to politics and exploring the different categories from which they build their identity, it comes to the conclusion that the growing ethnocultural diversity that characterize Quebec’s urban landscape and its inscription in a global society are phenomena that are experienced rather passively by today’s youth. These phenomena do not generate greater enthusiasm for intercultural encounters nor do they lead to the adoption of moral dispositions usually associated with cosmopolitanism. On the contrary, results show that young people in Quebec are more concerned with issues that are local in scale and they express their preoccupations with the protection and valorization of what they refer to as their cultural heritage, in response to globalization.
Dubé, Karine. "LES CYANOBACTÉRIES AU QUÉBEC : LA PROBLÉMATISATION D'UN PHÉNOMÈNE NATUREL. Analyse des représentations sociales du risque et de la nature, des discours et des pratiques en lien avec ce phénomène au lac William, à la baie Missisquoi et au lac Roxton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28864/28864.pdf.
Full textGaucher, Charles. ""Ma culture, c'est les mains" : aborder l'expérience de la différence : anthropologie de l'identité sourde au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25142/25142.pdf.
Full textSuelves, Ezquerro Lorena, and Ezquerro Lorena Suelves. "Le parrainage : des effets sur la vie des femmes immigrantes de la Ville de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25091.
Full textLa présente recherche est née de la volonté de comprendre si les lois sur l’immigration par le parrainage affectent ou non les relations entre les hommes et les femmes qui choisissent d’immigrer au Canada par cette filière. À première vue cette loi, qui facilite le regroupement familial pour des résidents permanents ou des citoyens, pourrait paraître positive, pour les femmes notamment. Les récits des dix femmes qui ont participé à ma recherche montrent qu’au contraire, la situation est extrêmement complexe et mène parfois à des formes variées de violence, en même temps qu’elle contribue à créer des relations asymétriques et des inégalités au sein des couples. Les entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de ces immigrantes parrainées habitant la Ville de Québec montrent clairement que ce processus d’immigration a ses particularités et que les effets sur leur vie ne sont pas que positifs.
This research stemmed from the will to understand whether sponsorship immigration laws had an impact on relationships between men and women who chose to immigrate through this channel. At first glance, this law facilitating family reunification for permanent residents or citizens can seem positive, especially for women. The accounts of the ten women who took part in my research demonstrate that on the contrary, the situation is extremely complex and sometimes leads to diverse forms of violence. It also contributes to the creation of asymmetric relationships and inequalities among couples. The semi-directed interviews conducted with sponsored immigrant women living in Québec City clearly show that this immigration procedure has its own particularities, and that its effects on the subjects’ lives are not just positive.
This research stemmed from the will to understand whether sponsorship immigration laws had an impact on relationships between men and women who chose to immigrate through this channel. At first glance, this law facilitating family reunification for permanent residents or citizens can seem positive, especially for women. The accounts of the ten women who took part in my research demonstrate that on the contrary, the situation is extremely complex and sometimes leads to diverse forms of violence. It also contributes to the creation of asymmetric relationships and inequalities among couples. The semi-directed interviews conducted with sponsored immigrant women living in Québec City clearly show that this immigration procedure has its own particularities, and that its effects on the subjects’ lives are not just positive.
Gyurakovics, Jenny. "Les étudiants internationaux à Québec : une étude transculturelle sur les dynamiques de perception des valeurs culturelles liées à la distance hiérarchique et à la proxémie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25602.
Full textChevalier-Cliche, Cynthia. "Vivre une grossesse en pays étranger : le parcours des femmes immigrantes de la ville de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25989.
Full textSt-Jacques, Thériault Geneviève. "Des transactions saisonnières et conviviales : la vente de garage à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22941/22941.pdf.
Full textBouchard, David, and David Bouchard. "Dynamiques d'occupation côtière et valorisation de l'environnement : la néoruralité et le tourisme au Kamouraska." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27531.
Full textCe mémoire porte sur la place qu’occupe la nature au Kamouraska dans un contexte d’essor des activités écotouristiques et des processus migratoires. Il est fondé sur une approche d’écologie politique, permettant l’analyse des discours et des pratiques liés à la nature. Il vise à comprendre la construction sociale de la nature au Kamouraska, en s’intéressant à la parole et aux usages des acteurs, ainsi qu’aux enjeux soulevés par la transformation de la place qu’occupe la nature dans la région. Ce mémoire démontre comment les activités écotouristiques et l’embourgeoisement du territoire kamouraskois s’appuient sur une marchandisation de la nature, qui se voit valorisée en fonction de critères d’authenticité et de qualité visuelle. De même, il permet de démontrer que les transformations démographiques que connaît la région ont un impact direct sur les enjeux d’accès au territoire, le développement de nouvelles initiatives économiques et la perception que les habitants ont de leur environnement.
This master’s thesis is about the place of nature in the Kamouraska County, Québec, in a context of booming ecotourist activity and higher rural migration. It is based on an approach of political ecology, which allows the analysis of discourses and actions bound to nature. Its goal is to comprehend the social construction of nature in the Kamouraska County by analyzing the discourses and actions of local actors and the impacts of the transformation of nature’s definition in the area. This master’s thesis explores how ecotourist activity and gentrification of the Kamouraska County are leading to a new commodification of nature, which is valued by its authenticity and beauty. Likewise, it leads to a demonstration of how the demographic changes affecting the area are having a direct impact on issues of land accessibility, the development of new economic activities, and the way locals are seeing and thinking about their environment.
This master’s thesis is about the place of nature in the Kamouraska County, Québec, in a context of booming ecotourist activity and higher rural migration. It is based on an approach of political ecology, which allows the analysis of discourses and actions bound to nature. Its goal is to comprehend the social construction of nature in the Kamouraska County by analyzing the discourses and actions of local actors and the impacts of the transformation of nature’s definition in the area. This master’s thesis explores how ecotourist activity and gentrification of the Kamouraska County are leading to a new commodification of nature, which is valued by its authenticity and beauty. Likewise, it leads to a demonstration of how the demographic changes affecting the area are having a direct impact on issues of land accessibility, the development of new economic activities, and the way locals are seeing and thinking about their environment.
Truchon, Karoline. "L'exigence de visibilité par l'image dans les sociétés contemporaines : le cas d'un complexe d'habitations sociales à Montréal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30151/30151.pdf.
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