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Sambo, Wise. "Factors affecting youth entrepreneurship development within Kibera, Kenya: the perspective of entrepreneurship education." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (2016): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.09.
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All over the world there has been an increased interest in entrepreneurship education and the society in general. Kenya was among the first countries in Africa to introduce aspects of entrepreneurship education in its education and training systems. Entrepreneurship and business creation are a growing alternative for young people in different economies whose age group often faces a labor market with double digit unemployment rates. This study seeks to investigate and report on the factors affecting youth entrepreneurship development with specific reference to entrepreneurship education in Kibera, a district of Kenya. Two objectives are identified, namely (i) to determine the government’s provision and access to the entrepreneurship education and training among the Kenyan youth, and (ii) to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of education, training and development of youth entrepreneurship. A sample of three hundred entrepreneurs (aged 18-35) within the Kibera district in Kenya is drawn to participate in this study. Structured survey questionnaires are used to collect primary data from business owners in the Kibera district. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between the provision of entrepreneurship education and development of youth entrepreneurship and the level of education has a very weak positive correlation to youth entrepreneurship development. This study concludes with recommendations on how youth entrepreneurship can be improved in Kibera and the rest of Kenya. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered via e-mails with a total response rate of 83.3% (250) returned for analysis
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Sambo, Wise. "Factors affecting youth entrepreneurship development in Kibera district, Kenya." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (2016): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-1).2016.02.
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Entrepreneurship and business creation are a growing alternative for young people in different economies whose age group often faces a labor market with double digit unemployment rates. Due to low economic growth, traditional career paths and opportunities are disappearing rapidly. In response to these challenges, the government introduced the National Youth Policy (NYP), amongst others, to deal with the challenges facing youth in Kenya. It was through the NYP that the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) was transformed to a state corporation in 2007 as a strategic move toward arresting unemployment among youth in Kenya. This study sought to report on the factors affecting youth entrepreneurship development in Kibera, a district of Kenya. Kibera is a low income, informal settlement in southwest Nairobi (Kenya) with an estimated population of one million housed on less than 2% of the total municipal residential land (or 3,000 people per hectare). A sample of three hundred entrepreneurs (aged 18-35) within the Kibera district, Kenya was drawn to participate in this study. Structured survey questionnaires were used to collect data from young business owners in Kibera. Findings revealed that government policy (NYP) and access to credit have a moderate to strong positive relationship in the development of youth entrepreneurship. Though the positive relationship shows that the Kenyan government is supporting youth entrepreneurship in Kibera, there have been differing views as to whether the programs to support youth are yielding positive results or not. Keywords: youth entrepreneurship, Kenya national youth policy, unemployment, Kibera. JEL Classification: L26, E24
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TADELE, Haileslasie. "Social Entrepreneurship and Microfinance in Kenya." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).30.
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This research examines the determinants of entrepreneurial orientation of individuals and investigates the role of microfinance in improving social entrepreneurship. The study uses survey data on a sample of 200 respondents from Kenya. The paper investigates the determinants of entrepreneurial orientation using socio-economic factors and microfinance borrowing as independent variables and entrepreneurial orientation as dependent variable. This model is estimated using an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. The paper finds that higher educational level, greater access to credit, access to business skill trainings and microfinance borrowings tend to improve entrepreneurial orientation of individuals. The findings also indicate that microfinance borrowers tend to have higher risk taking and pro-active behavior indicating a higher entrepreneurial orientation than non-borrowers. The study thus confirms the role of microfinance in improving entrepreneurial orientation of borrowers and emphasizes the socio-economic factors that significantly affect entrepreneurial orientation of individuals. The findings have implications for further research on the growth constraints that impact microfinance institutions in promoting social entrepreneurship. 
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Grzeslo, Jenna. "A generation of bricoleurs: digital entrepreneurship in Kenya." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 16, no. 4 (2020): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-10-2019-0078.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how the uptake of digital technologies influences youth entrepreneurship in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes 28 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs age 21–35 in Nairobi, Kenya. Interview transcripts were analyzed using open- and closed-coding.FindingsMillennial entrepreneurs embrace change and challenges by harnessing mobile technologies and social media. In doing so, they are engaging in what French sociologist Lévi-Strauss called “bricolage,” or “making do with what's at hand.”Originality/valueThis study explores a unique segment of entrepreneurs, Millennials in Kenya and identified the ways in which digital entrepreneurship represents a form of bricolage.
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Faheem, Hadiya. "Evans Wadongo: bridging the electricity divide in Kenya." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 2 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2014-0140.
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Subject area Social entrepreneurship, Business Strategy. Study level/applicability MBA/MS. Case overview The case discusses about Evans Wadongo, a Kenya-born engineer and social entrepreneur, and his efforts of lighting up the rural communities of Kenya through his MwangBora solar lanterns. Wadongo through his social enterprise Sustainable Development for All-Kenya (SDFA-Kenya) economically empowered women, educated children and empowered youth by creating employment opportunities for them. By 2012, SDFA-Kenya had successfully impacted the lives of 1,20,000 people, benefited more than 60 community groups and set up around 30 economic ventures. Expected learning outcomes Concept of social entrepreneurship, business model innovation, product innovation, bottom of the pyramid as a market, sustainable development, triple bottom line. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Lock, Rachel, and Helen Lawton Smith. "The impact of female entrepreneurship on economic growth in Kenya." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 1 (2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-11-2015-0040.
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Purpose – This study aims to provide a better understanding of the barriers and constraints that are faced by women entrepreneurs in starting and running a business in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on primary research conducted through face-to-face interviews with female entrepreneurs in Kenya in a wide range of sectors, each having their own micro enterprise. It draws on the framework of Bates et al. (2007) and Baughn et al. (2006) to look at the entrepreneurship landscape in Kenya and the barriers and constraints faced by women entrepreneurs, as well as the support and opportunities available. Findings – It was found that female entrepreneurs in Kenya face far fewer barriers to starting micro-enterprises now than ever before. It is proving to be a widely successful model, which they use to lift themselves and their families out of poverty. There remain, however, a number of barriers to growth within the micro-enterprise sector. On the basis of these, the paper argues that for female entrepreneurship to have a greater impact on economic growth within Kenya, the country needs to introduce more effective policies, regulation of the informal sector and further support to women entrepreneurs. For example, support could take the form of business training, mentoring and financial support. Originality/value – The paper presents original research on the growing phenomenon of female entrepreneurship in Kenya as a means of alleviating poverty. It considers how this trend relates to the growing availability of microfinance.
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Mbore, Beth Karani. "Effect of entrepreneurship education on innovation capability of technical and vocational and education training (TVET) graduates in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 3 (2021): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1151.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Innovation Capability of TVET Graduates in Kenya. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design. The study used the entire population as a sample since the accessible population was all TVET graduates in Kenya. The main data collection instrument was semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity. The study found out that entrepreneurship education is key to the innovation capability of TVET graduates in Kenya. The study found out that respondents were interested in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career path. However, with the absence of an adequate platform or systems at the TVET institutions, students are not engaged in entrepreneurial paths in any significant way. Further, the study determines that TVET institutions should focus on entrepreneurship education that would provide the graduates with innovation skills that offer high valued contributions to the accomplishment of quality strategy goals and organizational objectives, enabling businesses to achieve market-leading performance and thus competitive advantage. The TVET graduates need to be equipped with entrepreneurial skills that will help them improve their firms or where employed in order to capture a higher market share
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Ndemo, Bitange, Benedict Mkalama, and Dennis Moiro Aiko. "Entrepreneurial habits in the Kenya red cross society." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 2 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2019-0044.
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Learning outcomes The case study takes students through basic principles and applications of entrepreneurship theory as demonstrated by the story of Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS). The case further demonstrates the significance of communicating a rallying vision in a change management situation. The case further allows the students to evaluate the concept and implication of entrepreneurial leadership thereby enhancing creativity and innovativeness in a firm. Case overview/synopsis An area that has had little interaction in the study of entrepreneurship is within the development and humanitarian agencies. This is a case study on Entrepreneurial Habits in the KRCS. The leadership of KRCS combined different entrepreneurial actions that were able to deliver commercial goals in a not-for-profit organization. The final overarching consideration was the sustainability of the changes implemented over a period of time. Complexity academic level Graduate level. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Agyire-Tettey, Frank, Charles Godfred Ackah, and Derek Asuman. "Gender and returns to entrepreneurship in Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 12 (2018): 1609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2017-0549.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess determinants of returns to male and female entrepreneurship in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda at selected quantiles along the distribution, as well as examine gender gaps in returns to entrepreneurship and factors contributing these gaps.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a unique data set collected in the three countries on entrepreneurial motivations, constraints and performance, the authors apply unconditional quantile regression technique to assess the determinants of returns to entrepreneurship at various quantiles along the distribution. Additionally, the authors employ decomposition techniques to assess gender gaps in returns to entrepreneurship at various points along the distribution. The data contain extensive information on entrepreneur’s personal characteristics, including parental background and household composition and structure.FindingsThe study finds substantial differences in determinants of returns to male and female entrepreneurship along the distribution, with firm asset increasing returns to entrepreneurship. There is also the presence of gender gaps in returns to entrepreneurship at the lower-end of distribution, however, gaps disappear at the upper tail of the distribution, indicative of sticky floors in returns to entrepreneurship in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. The authors also find gender bias against female entrepreneurship in the three countries, as unobserved characteristics largely responsible for the gender gaps in entrepreneurial returns.Originality/valueThis work has been undertaken by the authors and has not been carried out by any other person. The study will add to the existing literature on gender and returns to entrepreneurship.
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Mwangi, Samuel Muchiri. "The Contribution of Entrepreneurship Education Course in Enhancing Management Skills of Informal Entrepreneurs." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 2, no. 3 (2011): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v2i3.28.
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The study was conducted to investigate the contribution of entrepreneurship education in technical training colleges in enhancing management skills of informal sector entrepreneurs in Kenya. A case study of informal sector operators in Nairobi was conducted. Qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews and observations. The data was analyzed using the grounded theory. Findings of the study showed that the informal sector operators used skills they gained in entrepreneurship education in technical training colleges to gain access to the informal sector industry and to manage their business. Those with higher training in entrepreneurship education tended to excel in their operations. A closer look showed that there was still a need for further training of management skills to better their activities. The recommendations were that secondary schools in Kenya should include entrepreneurship in secondary education system curriculum so as to help the school leavers who fail to join tertiary education and end up in the informal sector.
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Mulu-Mutuku, Milcah Wavinya, Dolphine Odero-Wanga, and Adijah Ali-Olubandwa. "Female Entrepreneurship in Kenya: How do Female Micro-Entrepreneurs Learn to be Entrepreneurial?" Case Studies in Business and Management 2, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v2i1.6809.
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There is renewed interest in female entrepreneurship as policy makers recognize the importance of social inclusiveness in economic development. Women’s involvement in entrepreneurship is applauded as a necessary precursor to economic growth of developing nations despite women under-representation among business owners. Many factors have been blamed for this under-representation among them, socialisation and lack of motivation in choosing entrepreneurship as a career option. In Kenya, women entrepreneurs have low levels of education; are in need of business knowledge and skills yet unable to pay for business development services; and are affected strongly by patriarchal structures especially the role of husbands. Yet, some few women own growing businesses that contribute towards wealth and employment creation. This study sought to determine how women learn to be entrepreneurial and to establish hindrances to female entrepreneurial learning process. A survey was conducted on 106 women micro-entrepreneurs in the Kenyan dairy processing industry. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that majority (76.9%) of the micro-entrepreneurs went into business without any prior business skills. Only 5.5% of them had training in business-related fields before starting their businesses. Another 17.6% had learnt some business skills from previous employment. Social contacts and relations were important sources of business knowledge and skills for 68.7% of them. Rarely did the respondents engage in active search of business knowledge and skills. Probably an entrepreneurship development curriculum weaved through the entire school syllabus would help in entrenching an enterprising culture among women.
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Ngigi, Bilha Wambui, Dr Evangeline M. Gichunge, and Dr Risper Orero. "SELF ACTUALIZATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KENYA." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.387.
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Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to ascertain the connection shared by self-actualization factors and entrepreneurship education as a specialization among undergraduate students within universities in Kenya.Methodology: This research was designed as a descriptive survey, correlation quantitative research. The study population of 2,043 students was drawn from 3rd year undergraduate business students who had already selected their areas of specialization. The Krejcie & Morgan sample formula for finite samples was used to yield a sample of 327 students that participated in the research. Questionnaires were the primary data collection instrument and the collected data was modeled through regresssion model and analyzed using SPSS version 24.Results: Self-actualization and entrepreneurship education are negatively and significantly related (β =-1.459, p=0.000) The results therefore show a rejection of the null hypothesis therefore meaning that self-actualization has a significant effect on entrepreneurship education specialization.Unique contribution to policy and practice: It is found that person inputs like self-fulfillment and identity are critical in deciding the career path that a student will take. It is therefore prudent for parents and people who view themselves as role models for students to first appreciate entrepreneurship as a worthy career path. Educators should be diligent in highlighting the benefits and esteem associated with choosing such a career path. Students should be exposed to knowledge of entrepreneurship as a valid career choice from an early age so that they may develop a strong sense of identity as they make their choices.
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Wanjiru Karanja, Tabitha. "The Effect of Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Inculcating Entrepreneurial Intention among University Entrepreneurship Students in Kenya." Science Journal of Education 4, no. 2 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjedu.20160402.17.
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Koitamet, Lemein Korei, and Professor Bitange Ndemo. "EFFECT OF FINANCIAL ACCESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FIRMS IN KENYA." American Journal of Finance 1, no. 5 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.252.
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Purpose: The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of financial access on the performance of social entrepreneurship firms in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The total population was 448 employees of Iko toilet and Care Kenya. The sample size was 79 employees of Iko toilet and CARE Kenya who were selected using stratified random sampling. This sample was selected using R software. The raw data obtained from the field was coded, scrutinized, organized and edited to enhance accuracy and hasten analysis by the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS assisted in summarizing the data descriptively using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. In order to test the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, inferential statistics that is spearman’s rank correlation r and regression analysis was used.Results: The study found that financial access have a positive and significant relationship with performance of social entrepreneurship firms.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the government should formulate measure to ensure that social entrepreneurship firms are facilitated to gain financial access. In addition, the banking institutions should prolong the loan repayments periods so that the entrepreneurship firms can get enough financial access.
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De La Chaux, Marlen, and Helen Haugh. "Institutional Field Building in Adverse Environments: Technology Entrepreneurship in Kenya." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (2016): 12930. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.12930abstract.
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Schoenl, William. "Microlending Chickens and Entrepreneurship: Empowering Poor Rural Families in Kenya." OALib 04, no. 06 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103659.
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Faling, Marijn, and Robbert Biesbroek. "Cross-boundary policy entrepreneurship for climate-smart agriculture in Kenya." Policy Sciences 52, no. 4 (2019): 525–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-019-09355-1.
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Rοnο, Flοrence Chepkurui, та Lawrence Wainaina. "Entrepreneurship Training and Sustainability of Entrepreneurial Activities: A Case of Cοcοnut Sub-Sectοr in Kwale Cοunty, Kenya". International Journal of Current Aspects 3, № VI (2019): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.92.
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Extensive studies have been conducted on entrepreneurship training and sustainability of entrepreneurial activities. Findings from these studies have shown that entrepreneurship training greatly influence the sustainability of entrepreneurial activities. These studies have however created cοntextual and methοdοlοgical gaps since they have fοcused οn different cοntext οther than Kwale Cοunty and cοncentrated οn different pοpulatiοns such as students in variοus settings. Lack of entrepreneurship training has dealt a major blow to most of the coconut sub-sector enterprises leading to their unsustainability or failures altogether. As such, the aim of this study was to find how entrepreneurship training affects sustainability of entrepreneurial activities in the coconut sub-sector in Kwale County, Kenya. The study was to assess the influence of opportunity identification training, resource identification training, business managerial training and entrepreneurial marketing training and sustainability of entrepreneurial activities in the coconut sub-sector in Kwale County. The study was grounded on social capital theory, knowledge spill over theory of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship innovation theory and Marketing Orientation Theory. The study used descriptive and Explanatory research designs. The population of focus was the 264 respondents drawn from the 42 institutions including coconut processors, farmer’s cooperatives, marketing Agents for example EPC, National and County governments agencies and corporations as well as tertiary institutions offering entrepreneurship education in Kwale County. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 30% (79) respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. Descriptives and regression analyses was utilized to analyse the collected data. The study found a strong and significant relationship between the four independent variables and the dependent variable. The study concluded that various aspects of opportunity identification, resοurce identificatiοn, business managerial and entrepreneurship marketing training affect sustainability οf entrepreneurial activities οf cοcοnut sub-sectοr in Kwale Cοunty. The study recommended that there is need for concerned institutions to develop a practical oriented entrepreneurship curriculum that enhances resource identification. It is important that organizers, funding organizations and executers of entrepreneurship training continuously review the objectives of such trainings to ensure that they are relevant and contributing to different facets of entrepreneurship ventures. Training programmes, such as the business growth training, should be offered more frequently and target a higher number of entrepreneurs so that they too could benefit and acquire business management skills. The relevant stakeholders in the coconut sub-sector should leverage training on entrepreneurial marketing strategy in order to grow their business, suggested entrepreneurial strategies like guerilla and buzz marketing strategies, this are vital for the firm to grow.
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Linyiru, Dr Bruno Mugambi, Dr Kabare Karanja, Dr Kabare Karanja, Dr Robert Gichira, and Dr Robert Gichira. "INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 2, no. 1 (2017): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.82.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of corporate entrepreneurship on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design. The population of the research consists of the 187 state corporations in Kenya as at 2013. The unit of analysis was the state corporation. A purposive sample of 55 commercial state corporations was included in the study. The study used primary data gathered using questionnaires. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of data. Reliability and validity tests were conducted to determine the internal consistencies of the variables under investigation. The data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics produced frequencies, trends, means and percentages while inferential statistics produced regression and correlation results which showed the causal relationship among the variables. Results were presented on frequency tables and charts.Results: The study findings indicated that there was improved firm performance which was linked to corporate entrepreneurship. Results showed that companies initiated actions to which competitors responded to, the firms had a tendency to be ahead of other competitors in introducing novel idea or products and the companies strived in identifying new markets to sale products. Results indicated that risk taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness and organizational factors were key determinants of firm performance for commercial state corporations in Kenya. The study findings also indicated that the companies had a strong tendency to increase the market share by reducing competitors through competitive marketing strategies, the companies spent substantial amount of financial resources in sales promotion and the companies actively searched for significant opportunities to improve market share.Policy recommendation: The study recommends to the management of firms that corporate entrepreneurship should be pursued as a competitive and performance improvement strategy by all firms regardless of size. This is because corporate entrepreneurship influences firm performance positively. For corporate entrepreneurship to thrive, firms need to put in place an environment with support systems, structures and resources that encourage employees to behave entrepreneurially. The management should therefore ensure that they engage all the employees as they embrace corporate entrepreneurship to ensure that all staffs are working towards achieving the same objective and company goal. The study is a justification of the fact that an organization with competitive innovativeness skills has a deep understanding of the business enterprises which catapults their growth to a large extent. The study recommends that the management should use technology in controlling the production cost while maintaining competitive prices as it results in continued profitability of a firm and therefore growth. Managers should be efficient time managers with a control on the firm cost of operation to help provide a working schedule and competitive prices which fit the client needs.
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Kirui, Joseph K., and Hellen C. Sang. "Rethinking Quality and Relevance of University Education in Kenya." Education systems facing the challenges of covid-19 10, no. 16 (2020): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37870/joqie.v10i16.231.
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Many stakeholders have expressed concern about the many graduates from Kenyan universities who after qualifying, not only fail to get jobs but also fail to venture into alternative forms of engagement to earn their livelihood, a scenario that raises question as to the quality and relevance of University education they got. The concerns being raised calls for rethinking of the quality and relevance of university education in Kenya. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the propensity of university education in Kenya to inculcate entrepreneurial culture in graduates. The theory of planned behaviour formed the theoretical foundation of the study. The study adopted a triangular design approach where views relating to entrepreneurial culture were sought from final year students from one public and one private university. The study targeted 3146 final year students drawn from University of Kabianga, (2272) and Kabarak University (874). From this, a sample of 614 students proportionately distributed among the two universities was drawn. Entrepreneurial environment was found to be more or less the same in both private and public universities recording moderate score. However, public university scored slightly higher. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in the levels of preference for entrepreneurship when comparison is made between public and private universities in Kenya. Arising from the current finding, the study recommends provision of better entrepreneurial support system.
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SHERIFF, MICHAEL, and MORENO MUFFATTO. "REVIEWING EXISTING POLICIES FOR UNLEASHING AND FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 19, no. 03 (2014): 1450016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946714500162.
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Public Policies are vital for unleashing and fostering entrepreneurship in every society. This paper reviewed the national policies for the promotion and support of productive entrepreneurial activities aimed at enhancing the achievement of entrepreneurial economic growth in three countries in Africa. This is an explorative multiple case study that has used national and international documents and reports to examine the state and nature of the entrepreneurship policies in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. The selected countries are all members of the East African Community. The findings revealed what has been accomplished and what challenges policymakers face in improving entrepreneurial performance. The comparison showed the major similarities and dissimilarities between countries and which countries are performing fairly well in specific policy areas. From the findings, an entrepreneurship policy framework was developed that takes into account the type and level of entrepreneurship being practiced. This could be useful to policymakers taking into consideration that entrepreneurship exists in the formal and informal sectors at the national level. At the regional level, the similarities of policies could be a starting point for a regional entrepreneurship policy because entrepreneurial economic growth of countries and regions is a strong indicator of successful entrepreneurship policies.
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Kahando, David Maina, and Esther Nyambura Mungai. "Influence of Cognitive Factors on Self-Employment Intention Among Students in Technical, Vocational Education and Training in Kenya." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 5 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n5p21.
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Entrepreneurship has been identified as a crucial activity for economic growth and employment generation worldwide. However, this has not been effective in most developing countries, Kenya as an example, has a high rate of unemployment among the young graduates emerging from universities and tertiary institutions. One of the government challenges is transforming the mindset of students to venture into business rather than seeking employments. This study thus examined the relationship between cognitive factors, entrepreneurship education and how these variables influence self-employment intentions among Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Kenya. The study objectives were to determine the influence of cognitive factors and the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education on students’ self-employment intentions. The study adopted a survey research design. Self-administered questionnaire was developed and administered to 400 diploma engineering finalist sampled from 41 public Institutions spread in five geographical regions in the country using multistage and simple random sampling approach. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation was used to examine reliability of data. Factor analysis was conducted to investigate the internal structure among the set of variables. Multiple linear regressions analysis was used to examine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between cognitive factors and self-employment intention. The results also showed that entrepreneurship education enhances cognitive factors and thus strongly influence self-employment intentions.
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Imaita, Isaiah Gitonga. "Entrepreneurship Skills as a Factor Influencing Adoption of Innovations along Mango Value Chains in Meru County, Kenya." International Journal of Management Excellence 3, no. 1 (2014): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v3i1.127.
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The study used a descriptivesurvey design. The study was carried out in Meru County, Kenya. Population of the study comprised of 13,574 farmers, traders and exporters, 404 farmers, 12 traders and 2 exporters. Both secondary and primary data was collected. Primary data was collected from the respondents using a structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used in the analysis. Quantitative data obtained from the field was analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques. The descriptive techniques used means and frequencies while the inferential technique used were regression and correlation to establish relationship between variables in the study and inferences made. Frequency tables and charts were used to present the findings. The study found out that entrepreneurial skills played a role on the innovations adoption along the mango value chain. However, a linear association does not exist as between entrepreneurship skills and innovation in mango. The researcher concludes that with such a steady growth in yields and development in mango farming in Meru County, Kenyan mango supply chain appears to be promising. In the adoption of new innovations and there is need to train the growers on entrepreneurship. Education tours should be organized for the value chain members to countries such as India and Brazil so that they learn what their contemporaries in these countries are doing and adopt more skills
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Vernet, Antoine, Jane N. O. Khayesi, Vivian George, Gerard George, and Abubakar S. Bahaj. "How does energy matter? Rural electrification, entrepreneurship, and community development in Kenya." Energy Policy 126 (March 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.012.
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Ndeveni, Olive Kamane, Kenneth Lawrence Wanjau, George Mbugua Kariuki, and Joseph Muchiri. "Entrepreneurial opportunity discovery dimensions and growth of non-governmental organizations in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 8, no. 5 (2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i5.300.
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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing social ills like poverty, employment, and food insecurity; therefore, their growth prospects enhance their ability to address these social ills. Discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities amongst the agro-based NGOs has not got the desired attention, and it is the least researched area in social entrepreneurship. This study investigated the relationship between Entrepreneurial Opportunity Discovery Dimensions and Growth of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. It employed correlation design and was anchored on the Kirznerian Entrepreneurship Theory. The target population was 135 agro-based NGOs in Kenya. A mixed-method approach was used, combined qualitative and quantitative techniques. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS graphic-25) aided in the analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS and Simple linear regression analysis were the primary analysis techniques used to evaluate the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity discovery dimensions and the growth of NGOs. The results indicated that alertness0.372, p=0.033)and prior knowledge (0.163, p=0.031) have a significant favorable influence on growth, while social networks 0.047, p=0.713) showed an insignificant effect on the growth of NGOs. Investing in acquiring alert individuals and helping them gain relevant knowledge in the 21sttechnologies and emerging issues can lead to increased NGO ability to continue serving the community effectively and be engines of development for the general good of Kenya.
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Braun, Gerald. "Evaluating Entrepreneurship Education Programmes in Developing Countries." Industry and Higher Education 26, no. 3 (2012): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2012.0095.
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Although a great deal of time, resources and effort goes into the education of potential or existing entrepreneurs, our knowledge of the effects of this education is still rather limited. It can be argued that an imbalance exists between the substantial amount of finance and manpower invested in entrepreneurship education programmes and the very limited amount of resources invested in the evaluation of these programmes (that is, in analyses of their impact). Based on intercultural research and the personal experiences of the author in the evaluation of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs) in developing countries, this paper analyses competing approaches of entrepreneurship education; develops a methodological framework for evaluating these approaches; discusses the main findings of EEP evaluation studies carried out in Brazil, Chile, Kenya, the Philippines and Vietnam; presents ‘lessons learned’ with respect to theoretical and methodological foundations of EEP evaluations and practical problems concerning their implementation; and draws general conclusions for future research and practice. The intercultural evaluations are based on a ‘most different systems’ approach, applying a mix of quantitative (questionnaires with open and closed questions) and qualitative (in-depth interviews, on-site-visits, focus-group discussions) tools of social research.
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Maru, Loice. "Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Study of Tour Operator Firms in the Kenya Coast Region." Academy of Management Proceedings 1, no. 1 (2013): aomafr.2012.024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/aomafr.2012.0249.
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E. Mang’unyi, Eric, Christine W. Mwanzia, and Krishna K. Govender. "Employment creation in Kenya: exploring the Jua Kali enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (2018): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.38.
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In developing countries, non-agricultural micro-sized informal enterprises are known to create employment and income generation opportunities. However, due to the complexity and unregulated nature of the sector and, in particular, the Jua Kali, achieving efficient and effective sustainability remains a major challenge for the owners and policy makers alike. Since many unknown barriers continue to impact the effective and efficient development of the aforementioned enterprises, the aim of this study was to determine the barriers to effective job creation in a developing country’s informal micro enterprise industry using evidence from the Jua Kali sub-sector in Kenya. The data from a survey conducted among a random sample of 118 enterprises, which were listed in one Jua Kali Association Directory Nairobi, were analyzed using exploratory factor and regression analyses. Strong evidence supports the notion that some socio-demographic variables such as age, education and marital status have an impact on entrepreneurial activities in the Jua Kali sector. Training, advise and consultation for Jua Kali entrepreneurs need to be enhanced, as this will be necessary to advance their business prowess. The results contribute to studies in entrepreneurship and management by demonstrating that designing and implementing the systems, activities and programs for supporting employment creation through the informal sector can improve productivity at all levels of the economy and improve the living of these entrepreneurs.
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Otii, Leonard Omondi, Kenneth Lawrence, and Humphrey Omondi. "Technological innovation promoters, service quality practices and performance of SACCOs in Kenya." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 4 (2020): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i4.785.
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The programmed co-operative enterprises’ innovation initiatives in Kenya have been below their expectations of customers. The majority (60%) of the customers are satisfied by banking and related financial services offered by co-operative enterprises in Kenya. This is below the expectations of what the customers perceive and what is realized at the point of service delivery. This study sought to provide insights into the relationship between technological innovation promoters and performance by empirically testing the direct effect of technological innovation promoters on performance and exploring the moderation effects of service quality practices. The study is anchored on the promoter theory and collective entrepreneurship concept. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to Chief Executive Officers of 158 Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOs). Data were analyzed by employing Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 and structural equation modeling using AMOS version 25. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated multiple regression (MMR). Overall, the study found out that, technological innovation promoters have a positive influence on the performance of SACCOs in Kenya, and service quality practices (R2 change) is 0.153. This implied that the moderating effect of service quality practices gained 15.3% variance in the SACCOs above and beyond the variance by technological innovation promoters and performance. This study concludes that an integrative model comprising of technological innovation promoters, service quality practices and performance is a sure way of enhancing collective entrepreneurship and recommends that SACCO management together with their partners should deliberately nurture a customer relationship management culture that will enable them to realize positive performance that has been influenced by service quality practices
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Mahmoud, Hussein Abdullahi. "Risky Trade, Resilient Traders: Trust and Livestock Marketing in Northern Kenya." Africa 78, no. 4 (2008): 561–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000442.
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This article examines innovations in livestock marketing that livestock traders in northern Kenya use to overcome a host of trading obstacles. Livestock trading in northern Kenya is one of the toughest and most risk-prone jobs in the region, yet livestock traders have been able not only to transform the ways in which trading is conducted through ‘home-made’ innovations, but also to mitigate trading risks. The article demonstrates how livestock traders have become resilient to risks and have been able to succeed in a trade that in the past many have had to abandon. Trust embedded in social networks and relations reinforces the adoption of risk-minimizing strategies. The article focuses on the broad field of pastoral risk management to illustrate how an innovative risk management strategy can be used to create a successful business entrepreneurship in a risk-prone environment. I draw on fieldwork conducted during 2001–2 among cattle traders in Moyale District of northern Kenya and Nairobi, and on recent work among Somali livestock traders-cum-ranchers in Garissa District of North Eastern and Coast provinces.
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Gachanja, Isaac Muiruri, Stephen Irura Nganga, and Lucy Maina Kiganane. "The Moderating effect of Innovation Ecosystem on Knowledge Entrepreneurship and Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Kenya." IJEBD (International Journal Of Entrepreneurship And Business Development) 3, no. 3 (2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v3i3.987.
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The turbulent and highly competitive business environment has exposed firms to unprecedented uncertainties brought about by market disruptions. Organizations have attempted to thwart this menace by leveraging on innovation, but innovation activities are complex and are not always viable. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the moderating effect of Innovation Ecosystem (IE) on the relationship between Knowledge Entrepreneurship (KE) and Innovation Performance (IP) of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was anchored on the complexity theory. Mixed method research was applied which utilized cross-sectional design. The target population was 828 manufacturing firms. Purposive and stratified random sampling was used to determine a sample size of 115 firms. The study found that IE has a great moderating effect between KE and IP in manufacturing firms in Kenya. Collaboration and networking between industry, research organizations and universities should be strengthened to promote IP and increase the competitiveness of firms. Further studies should investigate the nature and effects of tension that emanates as a result of knowledge leakage that occurs during interactions with the various players within the IE
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Njoroge, Sammy Mwatha, and Dr Assumpta Kagiri. "INFLUENCE OF SACCOS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN DAGORETTI SOUTH CONSTITUENCY, KENYA." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 2, no. 2 (2017): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.204.
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Purpose: The main objective of this study is to find out the influence of SACCOs in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency, Nairobi, Kenya. To successfully achieve the study objective the research was guided by the following specific objectives: - To establish the extent to which disbursed credit by SACCOs help in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency; To determine the extent to which deposits/share capital help in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency; To find out how SACCOs investment portfolios help in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency. To find out how information dissemination helps in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituencyMethodology: The study employed a descriptive survey research design to find out the role of SACCOs in entrepreneurial development in Dagoretti constituency. The study adopted a census study. A questionnaire was used as primary data collection instruments. The collected data was examined and checked for completeness and comprehensibility. The data was then summarized, coded and tabulated with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 17.0) Data presentation was done by the use of pie charts, bar charts and graphs, percentages and frequency tables.Results: With all the independent variables having p < 0.05, this indicates that there is a significant relationship among all the four variables with the influence of SACCOs in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoreti South constituency. From the results, a unit % increase in Access to Loans would result to 44% decrease in share capital. Additionally, a unit % increase in entrepreneurship education would result to 36% increase on the influence of SACCOs in entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency. Having the composite mean as 3.68053 and the standard deviation as 0.4768, meant that the respondents agreed that Access to Loans, Share capital, and Entrepreneurship education had a significant influence on SACCOs in influencing entrepreneurial capacity development in Dagoretti South constituency.Recommendation: With the Kenya government steering towards industrialization in her vision 2030, entrepreneurship training should be the first gear towards this direction. Many countries have prospered as a result of constructing and embracing entrepreneurial culture among their population. SACCOs are a good starting point especially in rural-urban areas where government devolution tentacles have started to spread.SACCOs should strive to maximize on the earnings to build the institutional capital. This institutional capital ensures the permanence and growth of the SACCOs even in turbulent economic times. In fact, it would help the SACCOs to grow and, remain economically and financially viable. Such growth should be enhanced by effective financial practices not to mention entrepreneurial training.
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Armitage, Howard, Catherine Bischoff, Karin Schmidlin, and Douglas Sparkes. "Jamii: A Virtual Incubation Platform for Entrepreneurs." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no. 2 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.32.3003.
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This paper discusses the design and pilot testing of a virtual incubation platform, Jamii. It provides a user-centric experience, specifically developed to support entrepreneurship, which integrates concepts such as “just-in-time’ learning and supporting social networks. An underlying concept of Jamii is an Event-Gate process, providing feedback to strengthen the business concepts and assist entrepreneurs in moving their ideas forward. Several pilot programs have been undertaken using this approach. The collaboration with University of Strathmore in Kenya will be discussed further.
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Gobin, Vilas J., Paulo Santos, and Russell Toth. "No Longer Trapped? Promoting Entrepreneurship Through Cash Transfers to Ultra‐Poor Women in Northern Kenya." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 99, no. 5 (2017): 1362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax037.
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Ayiro, Laban P. "The role of social entrepreneurship in HIV/AIDS management across the education sector in Kenya." Journal of European Industrial Training 34, no. 2 (2010): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090591011024005.
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Vershinina, Natalia, Kassa Woldesenbet Beta, and William Murithi. "How does national culture enable or constrain entrepreneurship? Exploring the role of Harambee in Kenya." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 4 (2018): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0143.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how various value dimensions of Harambee, the Kenyan culture, affect the fostering of entrepreneurial behaviours. Theoretically, we draw upon perspectives that view culture as a toolkit and use cultural variables provided by Hofstede to examine the links between national culture and entrepreneurial endeavours in an African context. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on review and synthesis of accessible secondary sources (published research, country-specific reports, policy documents, firm-level empirical evidences, etc.) on the topic and related areas to understand and advance research propositions on the link between enterprising efforts and national culture specific to the Kenyan context. Findings Several theoretical propositions are offered on themes of collective reliance, social responsibility, enterprising, resource mobilisation and political philanthropy to establish relationships, both positive and negative, between values of Harambee and entrepreneurial behaviours. Further, the study provides initial insights into how actors blend both collectivistic and emergent individualistic orientations and display collective identity in the process of mobilising resources and engaging in entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework presented bears a considerable relevance to the advancing theory, policy and practice associated with the national culture and entrepreneurial behaviour in the African context and has potential to generate valuable insights. Originality/value This original study provides a springboard for studying the relationship between African cultural context and entrepreneurial behaviours.
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Willis, Justin, and George Gona. "Tradition, Tribe, and State in Kenya: The Mijikenda Union, 1945–1980." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 2 (2013): 448–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000091.
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AbstractThe apparent mobilizing power of ethnic sentiment in recent African history has been the subject of vigorous debate. Studies that emphasize the centrality of colonialism and the instrumental use of ethnicity have been criticized by a scholarship arguing that the affective power of ethnicity is culturally rooted through longstanding experience and practice, and that both manipulation and invention are constrained by this. This paper contributes to that debate through a discussion of the history of the Mijikenda, one of the “super-tribes” of modern Kenyan politics. It suggests that there were indeed “limits to invention,” but that there was nonetheless substantial entrepreneurship and creativity in the politics of Mijikenda identity. This drew heavily on the productive, discursive tension between tradition and modernity that lay at the heart of colonialism and was drawn into vigorous debates over legitimacy and representation in the “critical juncture” of the final years of colonial rule.
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Assan, Joseph, and Violette Nalutaaya. "Africa’s Youth Unemployment Challenge and the Pursuit of Soft Skills Development by University Students." Review of European Studies 10, no. 3 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n3p58.
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This paper seeks to address the growing challenge of youth employment in Kenya. The study explores how the provision and acquisition of soft skills by university students influence their employability in the current labour market in Kenya. The objective of the paper is to examine the current training programs in soft skills development being offered to university students and the extent to which they enhance the ability of the participants to obtain employment. We use a case study approach to ascertain the opportunities provided by the Employment Training Program which offers mentoring and coaching to young people in key soft and employment skills as they transition from tertiary institutions into the workforce. The paper triangulates quantitative and qualitative methodologies that draw on a pre-training survey, key informant interviews, a post training survey and focus group discussions to inform the study. The research shows that addressing the information gap for job opportunities can help reduce youth unemployment. The development of entrepreneurship, interpersonal skills, public relations and online jobs search skills are amongst the observed training gaps. The findings of the study further indicate that employers are interested in young people who are consistent, reliable, have good communication and presentation skills as well as realistic career expectations. The study concludes that whilst several students seem keen on obtaining soft skills, some are unable to capitalize on the acquisition of such skills to enhance their employment prospects. The paper recommends incorporating employability programs into the Kenyan educational curriculum at the secondary and tertiary levels to address the vicious cycle of unemployment.
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Nassiuma, David Maboko, Jonah N. Kindiki, and Sammy K. Chumba. "Alternative off school Business Models that Enhance Multiple Intelligences in Kenyan Schools." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 22 (2017): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n22p306.
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Promotion of individual development and self-fulfillment amongst students in Kenya is among the national goals of education. To accomplish this goal it is imperative that, development of Multiple Intelligences in schools is put into perspective. To date, relatively little research has investigated the ways students Multiple Intelligences should be enhanced in Kenya. Consequently, this study was devised to examine alternative off school business management models that enhance Multiple Intelligences among secondary students in Kenya. The study was guided by the Multiple Intelligence Theory and Management Competency Framework. The study target population was 150 secondary schools in Elgeyo Marakwet. Data was collected using questionnaire, document analysis and interview. The data was analyzed qualitatively using thematic approach and quantitatively using percentages, means, standard deviation and simple linear regression. Data was presented in tables. The findings indicated that schools management was managing traditional models of enhancing multiple intelligences thus majority of the students’ abilities were not developed. Alternative off school business management models were found to be effective in enhancing multiple intelligences among students though majority of the schools had not adopted them. The study recommends that managing and facilitating entrepreneurship programmes should be promoted to enable students to show case abilities in different intelligences.
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Prakash, Ajai, and Jagongo Ambrose Ouma. "Do genetic traits of humans influence approaches to entrepreneurship: A comparative study of asian origin entrepreneurs in kenya and native kenyan businessmen." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 16, no. 1 (2013): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-16-01-2013-b005.
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Schaner, Simone. "The Persistent Power of Behavioral Change: Long-Run Impacts of Temporary Savings Subsidies for the Poor." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 10, no. 3 (2018): 67–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170453.
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I use a field experiment in rural Kenya to study how temporary incentives to save impact long-run economic outcomes. Study participants randomly selected to receive large temporary interest rates on an individual bank account had significantly more income and assets 2.5–3.5 years after the interest rates expired. These changes are much larger than the short-run impacts on experimental bank account use and almost entirely driven by growth in entrepreneurship. In contrast, interest rates on joint accounts and modest cash payments did not significantly impact long-run economic outcomes. (JEL C93, D13, D14, D90, G21, I32, O12)
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Mwangi, Irene Wangari, and Kenneth Lawrence Wanjau. "The Role of SACCO in Growth of Youth Entrepreneurship in Kenya: A Case of Nairobi County." Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjbms.2013.3.021913477.
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Chepkwony, Kenneth, Hillary Bett, and Kenneth Waluse Sibiko. "Determinants of Table Banking Loan Utilization among Micro Agri-Enterprises Owners in Bomet County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. II (2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iii.12.
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Micro Agri-enterprises (MAEs) play a key role in economic development of Kenya. However, without finance they need to invest, their performance is stifled. Table banking (TB) strategy is an avenue through which MAE owners pool finances together, access credit and business development services. The study objective was to determine factors influencing utilization of table banking loans among MAE owners participating in table banking in Bomet County. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 382 MAE owners who borrowed long-term loans between 2015 and 2016 from TB groups promoted by Joyful women organization (JoyWO). Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Utilization of TB loans was measured by the amount of TB loan invested in MAE to the total amount of loan borrowed from TB within the study period. Two-limit Tobit model was used to analyse data. Entrepreneurship training received from TB program officers was found to have a positive and significant influence on utilization of TB loans. Location of agri-enterprise, agri-enterprise age and size were other factors found to influence utilization of TB loans positively and significantly. However, gender of MAE owners was found to have a negative and significant influence on utilization of TB loans. To boost utilization of table banking loans among MAE owners, table banking programme officers should tailor entrepreneurship and agribusiness trainings to meet the specific needs required by MAEs owners operating at different stages in the agricultural value chain.
 This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
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Freeman, Matthew C., Robert E. Quick, Daniel P. Abbott, Paul Ogutu, and Richard Rheingans. "Increasing equity of access to point-of-use water treatment products through social marketing and entrepreneurship: a case study in western Kenya." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 3 (2009): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.063.
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Point-of-use water chlorination reduces diarrhoea risk by 25–85%. Social marketing has expanded access to inexpensive sodium hypochlorite for water treatment, at a cost of less than US$0.01 per day, in Kenya. To increase product access, women's groups in western Kenya were trained to educate neighbours and sell health products to generate income. We evaluated this programme's impact on equity of access to water treatment products in a cross-sectional survey. We surveyed 487 randomly selected households in eight communities served by the women's groups. Overall, 20% (range 5–39%) of households in eight communities purchased and used chlorine, as confirmed by residual chlorine observed in stored water. Multivariate models using illiteracy and the poorest socioeconomic status as a referent showed that persons with at least some primary education (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8, 3.5) or secondary education (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6, 17.5) and persons in the four wealthiest quintiles (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0, 6.0) were more likely to chlorinate stored water. While this implementation model was associated with good product penetration and use, barriers to access to inexpensive water treatment remained among the very poor and less educated.
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Marshall, Mipsie, David Ockwell, and Rob Byrne. "Sustainable energy for all or sustainable energy for men? Gender and the construction of identity within climate technology entrepreneurship in Kenya." Progress in Development Studies 17, no. 2 (2017): 148–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993416688830.
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As international climate and development policy and funding efforts accelerate, this article articulates an urgent new research agenda aimed at redressing the existing failure of policy and research to attend to gender in relation to climate mitigation (as opposed to adaptation). Focusing on the transfer and uptake of low carbon energy technologies, including a review of the literature on women and entrepreneurship and critical discourse analysis of the treatment of climate technology entrepreneurs by infoDev (World Bank) in Kenya, the prevalence of private sector entrepreneurial approaches to climate and development policy and practice in this field is demonstrated to be reinforcing gendered power imbalances.
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Bunei, Emmanuel K. "The hunt for the precious wood." Society and Business Review 12, no. 1 (2017): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-04-2016-0025.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the complex underpinnings and dynamics of increasing trend of illegal trading of high-value forest tress such as sandalwood in rural parts of Kenya, which has moved from highly opportunistic and culturally accepted activities to highly complex, commercial, criminal and entrepreneurial activity. The paper focuses on two theoretical frameworks: the first concerns with criminological concepts which underlie illegal logging, perpetrators and criminal network of smuggling of sandalwood from Kenya to overseas; the second focuses on the entrepreneurial process of the illegal trade of the endangered species. The central aim is to establish a confluence of criminology (rural and environmental) and entrepreneurship – the product of which can be useful in understanding emerging and highly sophisticated international crimes such smuggling and trafficking of sandalwood tree product. It proposes that sandalwood poaching just like other transnational crimes such as wildlife poaching is a highly organized international crime that involves more than one individual. The paper concludes by suggesting that sandalwood poaching is an entrepreneurial activity that impinges on criminological process, and to fully address the problem, we must address the supply and demand forces and the normative and social structure of source area. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic review and immersion in literature from journals, books, government and non-governmental organization publications to raise debates and discourses on issues pertaining to the phenomena of sandalwood poaching in Kenya. It also entailed sieving through court judgments, newspaper articles and TV news to backup above information. Findings First, what has emanated from this study is that criminal cartels have directed their criminal business of sandalwood poaching to Kenya because force of demand and supply of precious wood, institution failures and regulatory and policy failures. Second, sandalwood poaching is ostensibly organized international enterprise crime that relies on division of labor to succeed. Third, more restrictive controls act as incentives to criminals to smuggle the wood. Finally, the more endangered the sandalwood, the more valuable and profitable it is and the more the poor countries and rural areas suffer from environmental degradation. Research limitations/implications Methodologically, one of the major limitations of this paper is that it is based on documentary analysis, because of a lack of research time and available finances. Prospective studies should consider utilizing in-depth interviews to gather evidence from offenders, police, rural residents and other government officials. Practical implications The paper contributes to growing fields of entrepreneurial, environmental and rural criminology. Methodologically, certain crimes such sandalwood poaching requires an intertwine of concepts of criminological and entrepreneurship for better understanding. Social implications To environmentalist, foresters, jurist, law enforcers and rural local residents; there is an urgent need to rethink how poaching of valuable endangered biodiversity species is treated, responded and promoted. To end poaching of sandalwood, there is a need to fundamentally realign tactics from criminalization and enforcement to address endemic cancer of poverty, unemployment and corruption present at source countries. This will indeed reduce economic vulnerabilities that cartels take advantage by engaging the locals in extracting sandalwood from trees. It will also reduce the power of networks but instead increase guardianship measures. Originality/value The originality of paper is the utilization of two theoretical frameworks: the first concerns with criminological concepts which underlie illegal logging, perpetrators and criminal network of smuggling of sandalwood from Kenya to overseas; and, second, the paper focuses on the entrepreneurial process of the illegal trade of the endangered species. The central aim is to establish a confluence of criminology (rural and environmental) and entrepreneurship – the product of which can be useful in understanding emerging and highly sophisticated international crimes such smuggling and trafficking of sandalwood tree product.
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Imaita, Isaiah Gitonga. "Entrepreneurship Skills as a Factor Influencing Adoption of Innovations along Mango Value Chains in Meru County, Kenya." International Journal of Management Excellence 3, no. 1 (2014): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v3i1.98.
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Duncan, Mukhwana. "Transportation: The un-slayed dragon in sugarcane farming in Western Kenya." Net Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/njss.91.20.029.
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In Kenya, sugarcane farming was introduced in 1902 milled by jaggeries before the introduction of Miwani sugar factory in 1922 and Ramisi in 1927. In western Kenya, sugarcane farming was introduced in 1972, with the establishment of Mumias sugar company which produced its first sugar in 1973. Nzoia sugar company was then established in 1978 with its first production in 1979. Thereafter, private sugar companies were established in the area including: West Kenya sugar company, Butali sugar company, Busia sugar company and Ole Pito sugar. The expansion of sugarcane farming to the former western province targeted accelerating the socio-economic development in the area, in the quest to redress the region’s economic imbalances through promoting indigenous entrepreneurship. Out of the total fourteen sugar factories in the country, six are currently domiciled and operating in the former western province. Despite the heavy presence of the sugar factories in the region, which marks a significant milestone in the industrialization direction, both farmers and sugar factories’ self-sufficiency is an elusive dream. This is the situation despite the region’s availability of both adequate and productive land for sugarcane farming and the heavy presence of adequate sugarcane milling capacity. This has prompted the study into what is necessitating the farmers’ rapid desertion of sugarcane farming (the sugarcane withdrawal syndrome) in the former western province. The study concluded that the rapid desertion of sugarcane farming by farmers in western Kenya is attributable to the reality that transportation of their produce (sugarcane) whether private or contacted, exorbitantly depleted their net returns leaving the sugarcane farmers a frustrated lot with no option than to ditch sugarcane farming for alternative productions. Keywords: Transportation, sugarcane, harvesting, remunerations and deductions.
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Onsongo, Elsie. "Institutional entrepreneurship and social innovation at the base of the pyramid: the case of M-Pesa in Kenya." Industry and Innovation 26, no. 4 (2017): 369–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2017.1409104.
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Voigt, Maike. "Entrepreneurship in times of post-election riots: a case study of small business owners in Kisumu, Western Kenya." African Identities 18, no. 3 (2020): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1779025.
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