Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entreprises – Activité politique'
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Dahan, Nicolas. "L' activité politique des entreprises au niveau communautaire : motivations stratégiques et spécificités." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0435.
Full textWe propose a theoretical framework which describes the links between several phenomena : corporate political activity (ie the implementation of a corporate political strategy), and political advantage (ie the ability to influence public decisions), and regulatory advantage, and ultimately competitive advantage which is based on the current state of regulation. This framework utilizes the concept of resource in a double perspective : the resource-based view of the firm, and the resource-dependency theory. We followed both a deductive and an inductive process in order to build new theory. Our empirical work is based on two qualitative studies : the abolition of the intra-EU duty-free system, and the revision of the EU chocolate directive. These cases validate and improve our theoretical construction
Lahiri, Debtanu. "Corporate Politics, Social Activism, and Corporate Social Performance : Three essays underscoring firms' complex relationships with non-market stakeholders." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHEC0002.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the consequences of the complex relationships between firms and various non-market stakeholders. The first essay examines if corporate political activity (CPA) helps sustain competitive benefits. Prior literature does not address this question, only whether CPA increases profits – with mixed results over short timescales. We theorize about how political capital affects the regression-to-the-mean of profits through firm and industry persistence mechanisms. Using data on over 6,000 firms from 14 democratic countries, we estimate time-varying, firm-specific performance persistence coefficients with random-coefficient models - and profit volatility measures. Triangulation over various identification methods suggests that the half-life of political capital is shorter than expected, and also compared with other strategy interventions. Political connections are marginally effective at sustaining performance and reducing volatility, delaying profit convergence by only 0.180 years – and with no effect beyond seven years. These modest CPA benefits are further curbed by legislative constraints and political stability. The second essay highlights the tradeoffs involved in the firms’ relationship with two non-market stakeholders: politicians and social activists. This study argues that the presence of board political connections increases the susceptibility of the firm to activist actions – owing to, i. the conflicting objectives of these two non-market actors, and ii. the perceived higher sensitivity of connected firms to societal expectations. Furthermore, using a simple analytical model, I demonstrate that this effect is strongly contingent on the firms’ level of ESG (employee, social and governance policies) adoption – such that, at higher levels of ESG adoption, the liability of connectedness dissipates (or diminishes considerably). Both propositions find adequate support in the empirical analysis.Theoretically, by revealing a firm-specific determinant of activist actions, this study takes us a step closer towards defining the ‘corporate opportunity structure’ for activism, while also better characterizing the complex trade-offs involved in the firms’ relationship with various stakeholders. Finally, the third essay examines firms’ motivations for adopting CSR (corporate social responsibility) practices. I adopt the ‘risk-insurance’ view of firms’ CSR engagement to argue that when faced with an abrupt change in the institutional landscape leading to considerable muting of the rules and regulations pertaining to sustainability, firms would be keen to proactively improve corporate social performance (CSP) in order to neutralize the liability associated with being embedded in a low CSR-emphasis regime. The study uses Trump’s win in the 2016 US Presidential election as an exogenous event that resulted in a marked reduction in the US govt’s emphasis on sustainability related policies. Diff-in-diff analysis on a matched sample of US and non-US firms suggest that, on average, US firms improved their sustainability footprint after Trump’s election. Considerable heterogeneity was observed based on firms’ ideological proclivities: non-partisan firms reported a significantly lower magnitude of improvement compared to their partisan counterparts
Lorée, La Sierra Marguerite. "Femmes de pouvoir et pouvoir des femmes aux Etats-Unis dans les entreprises et les institutions. 1848-1984 : histoire et pratique." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090016.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation analyzes the struggle of american women to secure their rights as individuals and citizens and share power and leadership with men in corporations and institutions. In the first section, we study the major stages of a gradual emancipation process starting in 1848; women gain access to higher education, become active in voluntary associations, obtain the right to vote and achieve official positions in the new deal administration. In the second section, from 1945 to the present, we focus on the fight for equal rights. Women denounce discriminations, demand affirmative action programs, demonstrate for the equal rights amendment. In the third and final section, we assess the current status of american women in the power elites. In spite of major breakthroughs in political and economic fields, there are still many gender and structural barriers to overcome. Inconclusion, we stress the irreversible trend that drives the most highly qualified women to achieve equal status and full partnership with men in power in order to implement strategies which will accompany certain predictable social changes in the american society of the future
Woll, Cornelia. "The politics of trade preferences : business lobbying on service trade in the United States and the European Union." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0027.
Full textRoy, Grégoire Etienne. "Écosystème normatif minier et communautés politiques en Colombie transitionnelle." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39059.
Full textPichot, Lilian. "La construction d'une politique de communication de l'entreprise : stratégies de partenariat et développement des organisations sportives dans les secteurs public et privé." Strasbourg 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20007.
Full textThe context of disenchantment of enterprises led them to undertake in a field that directly had not concerned their major activity. Will the idea of enterprise's culture, admitted, recognised then contested, be easily sold for wage earners, concerning the exploitation of external supports such as social and humanitarian actions, medical and scientific research, cultural patrimony or sport throughout the sponsorships in one hand, the use of internal structures as associatives sporting practices in entrepreneurial space in the other hand? In regard of principle of those institutional practices, can we have the effect of rational of specific organizations in ideological and economical positioning, the membership of private sector or an attachment for a public economy? Logics of action as far as far as communication is concerned, must be perceived in the interaction between the individual rationalities of actors and a principle of organization's functioning constraining an individual in his decisions and actions evolvements. The capacity of organization to develop the forms of communication termed unessentially, reflect to intrinsic arrangements of social agents, to their social standiing to be part of professional position and their personal history. The proofs put forward that give evidence for the coherence of actions with institutional economic rationality, hide the determinations historically and socially set up in the structures that surround the social agents. Nothing better let out the autonomy of those communication's logics of action, than the particularity of the shapes of determinations of which they raise. The comparative analysis have for ambition to suggest a reading of those rationalities muffled, officially motivated by the assertion of the status citizen organization, but ordered surreptitiously at once by the particular interests, historical institutional heritage closely tied to ideological end political anchorage of organization, to an affiliation tto a rational of public service, social economy or free enterprise economy
Morival, Yohann. "Les Europes du Patronat : l'enjeu "Europe" dans les organisations patronales françaises depuis 1948." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0113.
Full textHow does Europe become a distinct issue within the Organisations of French Employers ? The question might sound surprising, since European integration is usually described as an exogenous and univocal process imposed to national actors. Still between 1948 and 2014, in the organisations examined here, various actors disagree on what integrating Europe means and how to deal with it (does the organisation need dedicated agencies?). With the ambition to enlighten those competing practices and representations of Europe, this dissertation mixes approaches the sociology of Employers' Organisations and a socio-history of European integration. The research is based on archival material, interviews and observations dealing mainly with the Confederation of French Employers (CNPF-MEDEF), including several sector-specific federations. The first part examines how various actors in the CNPF-MEDEF tried to define a position on European integration. It reveals that, over the period studied, no stable forum/framework existed, where those decisions were made. This research will then focus on the various ways in reaching consensual decisions in the CNPF-MEDEF, in order to explain the fluctuating success of the Organisation in reaching decisions about Europe. The second part considers how the actors of the Employers' Organisations did acquire and claimed for various forms of legitimacy to deal with Europe, both at the national and at the European level. Furthermore, the inquiry shows how the modes of operation of the French Employers' representatives did change at the European level. It is then possible to understand that practices at the national and European levels were different, without them to be fully autonomous from one another
Puech, Florence. "Concentration géographique des activités industrielles : mesures et enjeux." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010042.
Full textWang, Rui. "Mondialisation et localisation des activités des entreprises : UE – R. P. de Chine." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030019.
Full textThe objective of this work is to understand the localization of the European and the Chinese enterprises within the framework of globalization; The research is founded on three principal parts : a) the theoretical contribution with trade, IDE and globalization ; b) the principal determinants of offsourcing and localization between the European and the Chinese enterprises ; c) the activities of the enterprises localized and the consequences caused in the host countries and the countries of origin. The european enterprises, localized in China are generally attracted by the comparative advantages of this country like the low cost of labour and an immense domestic demand. The Chinese enterprises are interested to purchase the European enterprises since they could quickly control the leading-edge technology, the famous brands and the distribution network. China profited a lot from the localization of the European enterprises (the progression of technology), but it also encounters serious problems (the shortage of the raw materials). In the european countries, the localization of the enterprises in the foreign countries caused some problems such as the fall of industrial employment. Moreover, the arrival of the chinese enterprises cannot play an important role as regards creation of employment and reduction of the deficit on the side of the European Union. In conclusion, the challenges and the obstacles met in the host countries can leave the European and the Chinese enterprises to think about their strategies of localization
Doumas, Emmanuel. "Diversification des activités et des privatisations des entreprises de chemin de fer : enseignements des exemples japonais." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5211/01/Annexestot1.pdf.
Full textAmiel, Bastien. "La tentation partisane : le Rassemblement Démocratique Révolutionnaire : une entreprise politique en construction entre " Libération " et " Guerre Froide"." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100038.
Full textFrom a combination between historical sociology of politics and sociology of interaction between intellectuals and political field, this thesis looks back at the creation and the few months of existence of the Rassemblement Démocratique Révolutionnaire. Launched on February 1948 by authors, commentators, socialist parliamentarians and political and union activists, the R.D.R. aimed at rallying around the refusal of taking sides between soviet and Atlantic bloc. Based on a collective biography complemented by a statistic and sociographical approach, we brought to light the social particularity of its members as well as their respective status in 1948. Permeability between the political field and this of symbolic properties production, explains the collective partisan temptation underlying the R.D.R.’s creation. The thorough study of the mobilization in the process shows that the multiple attempts to institutionalize the group failed to stabilize a repertoire of contention. It is as if the R.D.R.’s mobilization was only efficient for its intellectual members and as if, instead of a political party, they only succeeded in creating a “collective intellectual”. Contextualizing the R.D.R. in an extensive history of the relationships between political and intellectual fields reveals how the specific situation between France's liberation and the “cold war” allowed such an attempt to overstep the symbolic boundaries within the field of power. Given up the exclusive approach of the R.D.R. as a failure, it is the matters related to the political involvement of intellectuals that this thesis unveils
Moreira, Alves Amanda. "Corporate Political Activity in the European Union." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED060.
Full textThe political environment where a firm operates can impose several challenges to its performance such as new taxes or legislation that will incentivize their engagement on Corporate Political Activities (CPA). These activities target political actors and intend to capture advantages or to avoid institutional risks in their own business environments. They can be deployed in the form of lobbying, campaign contributions, and litigation. The positive outcomes have been already documented in the literature, but most of them refer to the US environment. Taking into consideration that the institutional environment is essential for the deployment and outcomes of CPA, the main goal of this dissertation is to investigate CPA in the European Union level further using an empirical approach. Through three research projects related to lobbying and litigation in the EU, this dissertation explores the dynamics of CPA and how the institutional environment impacts on it. The first project examines the determinants of firms' access to the European Commission representatives. The second project studies the making of the wholesale roaming regulation to understand the deployment of lobbying strategies and their outcomes. The third project investigates the decision-making of the European Commission and the Court of the Justice in the processes of granting state aids in the European Union
Mairesse, Philippe. "Reversal : le partage de la parole comme expérience sensible, esthétique, et politique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010708/document.
Full textArtistic interventions within organizations meet the issue of their political stance and their critical ability. Can the art intervention foster a humanization of the organization and lower the arbitrary and authoritarian regime? My own experiments through the mean of a discussion device and a protocol based on the rule: “you choose who you listen to, you cannot choose who you talk to”, strive at opening a more egalitarian sharing of the speech on the organizational stage. Drawing on Rancière’s aesthetic and politic theories, I investigate two cases where my intervention resulted in an increased enforcement of power and a restriction of the freedom to speak. By describing the internal logics underlying the actors’ experience of the sensible, I outline a conception of a dialogism not so much concerned with the right to speak and the claim for acknowledgement, as with the inevitable authoritarian quality of listening. The critique of my intervention and my art device and the consideration of the manners in which the actors perceive the heterogeneous dimensions of speech delineate an art form of intervention as an aesthetic education. Training a dissensual listening would mean knowing how to discern any voice among the rustling others, and knowing how discernment is arbitrary. I conclude by circumscribing which ethic responsibility I need to assume in order for my art approach towards organizations to qualify as a true political aesthetics in the sense of Rancière
Lhert, Janine. "Les activités de services marchands aux entreprises dans le système productif français de 1980 à 1997 : une approche structurale." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE006.
Full textJaoul, Nicolas. "Le militantisme Dalit dans la région de Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh : genèse et transformations d'une entreprise de représentation communautaire en Inde du Nord." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0044.
Full textThis local study in ethno-socio-history wants to shed some light on the dalits' (Untouchables) movement. During the colonial period, the untouchables' struggle, which was soon to be led by Ambedkar, contested the elite Hindu reformers' cultural approach. After Independence, the upper castes' hold on the Congress Party and the administration harmed the realisation of Constitutional promises. Dalit government servants gave rise to the BSP and inducted the Congress Party's decline. In the contemporary period, the dalits are poor in majority but a middle class has come up thanks to affirmative action. In their struggle against Hindu nationalism, dalit activists relate to caste identities built on religion and ethnicity and theiy emphasize the need for solidarity between Dalit middle class and subalterns. Their efforts to put Dalit officers to ask for the sake of "community", shows how they have learnt to deal pragmatically with the nepostistic pratices of public institutions
Agrikoliansky, Éric. "La Ligue des droits de l'homme, 1947-1990 : pérennisation et transformations d'une entreprise de défense des causes civiques." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0002.
Full textSin, Philippe. "Le militantisme syndical dans les TPE : proposition d’une typologie de la participation syndicale des conseillers du salarié." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0014.
Full textTrade union militancy in VSEs: proposal for a typology of trade union participation of employee advisersThe literature has so far focused largely on union activism in large corporations. This study seeks to enrich it by attempting to understand the construction of union militancy of employee advisers in very small companies in France, an analysis that has so far been lacking to our knowledge. It is based on 132 semi-structured interviews with employee advisers, representatives of the five main representative trade union organizations (CGT, CFDT, FO, CFECGC and CFTC), employers' organizations and the State. By mobilizing the literature on union participation and job crafting, the study identifies three profiles of activism in the context of very small businesses: the "good soldier", the "rights defender" and the "societal fighter". The study highlights the mobilization of the job crafting process by employee advisers to build their union activism in very small companies. They manage resources and demands to build new trade union participation and extend their activism into new environments. The study also shows that union activism in very small firms is evolving towards more individualized relations with employees, greater autonomy and increasing professionalization of activities
Costes, Nicolas. "Choix de localisation des entreprises, intervention publique et efficacité urbaine : Une analyse théorique et empirique de la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau en Île-de-France." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363846.
Full textLe recours aux techniques de l'économétrie spatiale me permet de tester l'influence des dispositifs réglementaires et fiscaux instaurés dans le cadre de la politique régionale d'aménagement et d'identifier les déterminants de la répartition spatiale de l'offre nouvelle de bureaux. Les résultats obtenus me permettent d'affirmer que les instruments mobilisés ont un impact très limité.
J'en conclus que, contrairement aux objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés, la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau n'a permis ni de mettre fin aux clivages existants dans le développement économique et urbain, ni de corriger les disparités en matière d'accès à l'emploi...ni d'améliorer l'efficacité économique de la région Île-de-France
Boancă-Deicu, Ioana. "Le rapport au travail chez les jeunes non-diplômés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG032/document.
Full textThe thesis questions the methods of organizing the devices for alternating training for insertion. Created forty years ago, in a context of economic crisis, this devices represent today a necessary step, especially for the young un-graduated. By studying the underlying logic of public insertion policies, the impact of the type of production "serviciel" on the activity of the employees and the constitutive pedagogy of these formations, the thesis reveals the tensions between the issues brought by different stakeholders and their effects on the learning process and insertion of youth. Starting from these aspects, substantiated in the first part, we have to see what is the position of the trainee activity carried in the company within these formations. The field survey allows, firstly, comprehending the diversity and the complexity of these work situations to which the trainees are daily confronted. It shows how the manage to mobilize or not, in this situations, the appropriate theoretical knowledge and the knowledge previously forged, to control their emotions, to invest the teachings drawn from their own history to reprocess the values held by the work place, to meet the requirements of the task and the expectations of the service to be performed. Afterwards, the empirical survey focuses specifically on the practices of the trainers upon the reflective moments dedicated to feedback. Caught in a pincer between urgency, economic efficiency criteria, the trainers do not really involve the trainees in an analysis of the lived experience. Therefore, many lessons rest in the shadow, resting undervalued in the insertion process
Boubaker, Leila. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une politique environnementale dans les activités des entreprises algériennes en vue d'une amélioration de leurs performances environnementales." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770604.
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