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1

M, Hafez M., Osher Stanley J, and Langley Research Center, eds. An entropy correction method for unsteady full potential flows with strong shocks. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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2

M, Hafez M., Osher Stanley, and Langley Research Center, eds. An entropy correction method for unsteady full potential flows with strong shocks. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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3

Center, Langley Research, ed. Application of a nonisentropic full potential method to AGARD standard airfoils. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Reserarch Center, 1988.

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4

Fiscaletti, Davide. Geometry of Quantum Potential: Entropic Information of the Vacuum. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2018.

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5

Kanduč, M., A. Schlaich, E. Schneck, and R. R. Netz. Interactions between biological membranes: theoretical concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0012.

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In this chapter we review the various types of generic (non-specific) forces acting between lipid membranes in an aqueous environment and discuss the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on the competing roles of enthalpic and entropic contributions. The interaction free energy (or interaction potential) is typically the result of a subtle interplay of several, often antagonistic contributions with comparable magnitude. First, we will briefly introduce the underlying physics of various kinds of surface–surface interactions, starting with theories of van der Waals and undulation interac
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6

Entropy Demystified: Potential Order, Life and Money. Universal Publishers, 2000.

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7

Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Entropy and Surrogate Testing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0005.

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Reconstructing real-world system dynamics from time series data on a single variable is challenging because real-world data often exhibit a highly volatile and irregular appearance potentially driven by several diverse factors. NLTS methods help eliminate less likely drivers of dynamic irregularity. We set a benchmark for regular behavior by investigating how linear systems of ODEs are restricted to exponential and periodic dynamics, and illustrating how irregular behavior can arise if regular linear dynamics are corrupted with noise or shift over time (i.e., nonstationarity). We investigate h
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8

Cantor, Brian. Fundamentals of Multicomponent High-Entropy Materials. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191986710.001.0001.

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Abstract Human development has been a continuing attempt to use new materials in ever more sophisticated ways to enhance the quality of human life. For millennia, we have always made things by taking a main material and then mixing it with small alloying additions to achieve the final required properties. But recently, there has been a revolution as we have discovered how to make much more complex mixtures, providing a bewildering number, literally trillions and trillions, of completely new materials, requiring entirely new scientific theories, and massively extending our ability to make usefu
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9

Minerals, The. Defining Pathways for Realizing the Revolutionary Potential of High Entropy Alloys: A TMS Accelerator Study. TMS, 2021.

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10

The Structure of Physical Chemistry (Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences). Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.

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11

Liaw, Peter K., and Y. Y. Shang. Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.mbheaktmse.9781627084185.

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Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering provides an overview of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and their distinguishing characteristics. It describes their composition and structure, strengthening mechanisms, deformation behaviors, and exceptional fatigue resistance. It discusses the role of alloying elements, the factors that influence microstructure evolution, and the properties that have been achieved with different alloy combinations and treatments. It also discusses fabrication processes and potential applications and includes an informative
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12

Sengupta, Ramprasad. Entropy Law, Sustainability, and Third Industrial Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121143.001.0001.

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In mankind’s relentless quest for prosperity, Nature has suffered great damage. It has been treated as an inexhaustible reserve of resources. The indefinite scale of global expansion is still continuing and now the earth’s very survival is under threat. But against this exploitation of nature, there is the concept of entropy, which places a finite limit on the extent to which resources can be used in any closed system, such as our planet. Considering the impact of entropy, this book examines the key issues of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. It discusses the social dimension
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13

Rau, Jochen. Constructing the State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0003.

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The limited data available about a macroscopic system may come in various forms: sharp constraints, expectation values, or control parameters. While these data impose constraints on the state, they do not specify it uniquely; a further principle—the maximum entropy principle—must be invoked to construct it. This chapter discusses basic notions of information theory and why entropy may be regarded as a measure of ignorance. It shows how the state—called a Gibbs state—is constructed using the maximum entropy principle, and elucidates its generic properties, which are conveniently summarized in a
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14

Rau, Jochen. Processes and Responses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0007.

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Thermodynamic processes involve energy exchanges in the forms of work, heat, or particles. Such exchanges might be reversible or irreversible, and they might be controlled by barriers or reservoirs. A cyclic process takes a system through several states and eventually back to its initial state; it may convert heat into work (engine) or vice versa (heat pump). This chapter defines work and heat mathematically and investigates their respective properties, in particular their impact on entropy. It discusses the roles of barriers and reservoirs and introduces cyclic processes. Basic constraints im
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15

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Quantum Mechanical Ensemble Averages and Statistical Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 introduces quantum-mechanical ensemble theory by proving the asymptotic equivalence of the quantum-mechanical, microcanonical ensemble average with the quantum grand canonical ensemble average for many-particle systems, based on the method of Darwin and Fowler. The procedures involved identify the grand partition function, entropy and other statistical thermodynamic variables, including the grand potential, Helmholtz free energy, thermodynamic potential, Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy and their relations in accordance with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Accompanying saddle-poin
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16

Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Free energy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0013.

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A critical chapter, explaining how the principles of thermodynamics can be applied to real systems. The central concept is the Gibbs free energy, which is explored in depth, with many examples. Specific topics addressed are: Spontaneous changes in closed systems. Definitions and mathematical properties of Gibbs free energy and Helmholtz free energy. Enthalpy- and entropy-driven reactions. Maximum available work. Coupled reactions, and how to make non-spontaneous changes happen, with examples such as tidying a room, life, and global warming. Standard Gibbs free energies. Mixtures, partial molar
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17

Doruff, Sher. She Stuttered. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.18.

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This article traces the lived occurrence of a spontaneous, improvisatory event. Using choreographer Jeanine Durning’s performance ofingingas both a touchstone and a springboard, the affects of spontaneity are transversally mapped through a variety of generative operations. This diagrammatic approach reveals a topology of entangled concepts that convolve to abiogrammatichypothesis on thein situfielding of composition. Concepts such as the quasi-cause, counter-actualization, the concresence of prehensions, middling, stuttering, thermodynamic entropy, proprioception, far from equilibrium states,
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18

Swendsen, Robert H. An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853237.001.0001.

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This is a textbook on statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. It begins with the molecular nature of matter and the fact that we want to describe systems containing many (1020) particles. The first part of the book derives the entropy of the classical ideal gas using only classical statistical mechanics and Boltzmann’s analysis of multiple systems. The properties of this entropy are then expressed as postulates of thermodynamics in the second part of the book. From these postulates, the structure of thermodynamics is developed. Special features are systematic methods for deriving thermodynam
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19

Morawetz, Klaus. Elementary Principles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0002.

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The many-body theory combines ideas of thermodynamics with ideas of mechanics. In this introductory chapter, the symbiosis of these two different fields of physics is demonstrated on overly simplified models. We explore the principles of finite-range forces to show the twofold nature of virial corrections. Infrequent collisions with a large deflection angle lead to collision integrals and rather frequent encounters with deflections on small angles act as a mean field. The (mean-field) corrections to drift result in the internal pressure and the nonlocal correction to the collisions results in
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20

Morawetz, Klaus. Classical Kinetic Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0003.

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The classical non-ideal gas shows that the two original concepts of the pressure based of the motion and the forces have eventually developed into drift and dissipation contributions. Collisions of realistic particles are nonlocal and non-instant. A collision delay characterizes the effective duration of collisions, and three displacements, describe its effective non-locality. Consequently, the scattering integral of kinetic equation is nonlocal and non-instant. The non-instant and nonlocal corrections to the scattering integral directly result in the virial corrections to the equation of stat
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21

Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.

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Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardio
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