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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Entropic/rubber elasticity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Entropic/rubber elasticity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Entropic/rubber elasticity"

1

Weiner, J. H., and J. Gao. "TKIE ENTROPIC SPRING IN RUBBER ELASTICITY." Journal of Thermal Stresses 15, no. 2 (April 1992): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739208946140.

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Weiner, J. H. "Entropic versus kinetic viewpoints in rubber elasticity." American Journal of Physics 55, no. 8 (August 1987): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15034.

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Pérez-Aparicio, Roberto, Arnaud Vieyres, Pierre-Antoine Albouy, Olivier Sanséau, Loïc Vanel, Didier R. Long, and Paul Sotta. "Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Elastomer Nanocomposites: Breakdown of Entropic Elasticity." Macromolecules 46, no. 22 (November 5, 2013): 8964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma401910c.

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4

Morawetz, Herbert. "History of Rubber Research." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547599.

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Abstract After the discovery of the tapping of Hevea rubber trees in the middle of the eighteenth century and early technological applications of Hevea rubber, efforts to discover the chemical nature of rubber started with the determination of its elemental composition in 1826. Later it was shown that rubber pyrolysis yields low molecular weight chemicals with the identical elemental composition. It was long believed that these add to each other by “secondary valence bonds.” However Staudinger's work starting in 1920 proved that Hevea (H.) rubber consists of chains linked by covalent bonds. The utility of rubber increased dramatically with the discovery of vulcanization by Goodyear in 1844. However the nature of this process remained for many years controversial due to the influence of the “colloid school” of chemistry. The first observations on the nature of rubber elasticity date back to 1805, but more than a century passed before it was shown that the retractive force of stretched rubber is entropic. X-ray crystallographic studies not only provided the ultimate proof that natural rubber consists of covalently bonded chain molecules, but also gave evidence for its chemical structure. A century ago it was found that polymeric products other than H. rubber exhibited similar elastic properties. The race to produce synthetic rubbers was largely stimulated by the two World Wars. The availability of 14C labeled precursors led to the detailed description of the biosynthetic pathway by which rubber is produced in the Hevea plant.

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Drozdov, A. D. "Non-entropic theory of rubber elasticity: Flexible chains grafted on a rigid surface." International Journal of Engineering Science 43, no. 13-14 (September 2005): 1121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2005.03.010.

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Conrad, Nathaniel, Tynan Kennedy, Deborah K. Fygenson, and Omar A. Saleh. "Increasing valence pushes DNA nanostar networks to the isostatic point." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 15 (March 26, 2019): 7238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819683116.

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The classic picture of soft material mechanics is that of rubber elasticity, in which material modulus is related to the entropic elasticity of flexible polymeric linkers. The rubber model, however, largely ignores the role of valence (i.e., the number of network chains emanating from a junction). Recent work predicts that valence, and particularly the Maxwell isostatic point, plays a key role in determining the mechanics of semiflexible polymer networks. Here, we report a series of experiments confirming the prominent role of valence in determining the mechanics of a model system. The system is based on DNA nanostars (DNAns): multiarmed, self-assembled nanostructures that form thermoreversible equilibrium gels through base pair-controlled cross-linking. We measure the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of these gels as a function of DNAns arm number, f, and concentration [DNAns]. We find that, as f increases from three to six, the gel’s high-frequency plateau modulus strongly increases, and its dependence on [DNAns] transitions from nonlinear to linear. Additionally, higher-valence gels exhibit less strain hardening, indicating that they have less configurational freedom. Minimal strain hardening and linear dependence of shear modulus on concentration at high f are consistent with predictions for isostatic systems. Evident strain hardening and nonlinear concentration dependence of shear modulus suggest that the low-f networks are subisostatic and have a transient, potentially fractal percolated structure. Overall, our observations indicate that network elasticity is sensitive both to entropic elasticity of network chains and to junction valence, with an apparent isostatic point 5<fc≤6 in agreement with the Maxwell prediction.

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Zeng, Nianning, and Henry W. Haslach. "Thermoelastic Generalization of Isothermal Elastic Constitutive Models for Rubber-Like Materials." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538375.

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Abstract Existing thermoelastic constitutive models are not able to predict important thermal properties of rubbers. For example, the modified entropic elasticity theory fails to predict that the temperature coefficient of stress, the energetic contribution to the stress, and the specific heat at constant deformation depend on both deformation and temperature. A class of thermoelastic constitutive equations is proposed that generalizes given isothermal models and predicts the temperature and deformation dependence. The Helmholtz free energy is written as the sum of the isothermal energy function, but with temperature-dependent material moduli, and a function of temperature. Conditions on the Helmholtz energy are given to ensure that three inversion effects which characterize rubber are predicted. As an application, an isotropic, homogeneous, mechanically incompressible thermoelastic constitutive equation is generalized from the isothermal Mooney-Rivlin model. The three uniaxial thermal inversion effects are successfully reproduced by this model.

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Dung, T. A., N. T. Nhan, N. T. Thuong, D. Q. Viet, N. H. Tung, P. T. Nghia, S. Kawahara, and T. T. Thuy. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Modified Natural Rubber via Grafting with Styrene." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4956102.

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The dynamic mechanical behavior of modified deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) prepared by graft copolymerization with various styrene contents was investigated at a wide range of temperatures. Graft copolymerization of styrene onto DPNR was performed in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as redox initiator. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile test and the viscoelastic properties of the resulting graft copolymers at wide range of temperature and frequency were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength depends on the grafted polystyrene; meanwhile the dynamic mechanical properties of the modification of DPNR meaningfully improved with the increasing of both homopolystyrene and grafted polystyrene compared to DPNR. The dynamic mechanical properties of graft copolymer over a large time scale were studied by constructing the master curves. The value of bT has been used to prove the energetic and entropic elasticity of the graft copolymer.

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Wang, Run, Yanan Shen, Dong Qian, Jinkun Sun, Xiang Zhou, Weichao Wang, and Zunfeng Liu. "Tensile and torsional elastomer fiber artificial muscle by entropic elasticity with thermo-piezoresistive sensing of strain and rotation by a single electric signal." Materials Horizons 7, no. 12 (2020): 3305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01003k.

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Artificial muscles are developed by using twisted natural rubber fiber coated with buckled carbon nanotube sheet, which show tensile and torsional actuations and sensing function via the resistance change by a single electric signal.

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Chen, Pinzhang, Yuanfei Lin, Jingyun Zhao, Lingpu Meng, Daoliang Wang, Wei Chen, and Liangbin Li. "Reconstructing the mechanical response of polybutadiene rubber based on micro-structural evolution in strain-temperature space: entropic elasticity and strain-induced crystallization as the bridges." Soft Matter 16, no. 2 (2020): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02029b.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Entropic/rubber elasticity"

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Petrenko, Roman. "Computer Simulations of Resilin-like Peptides." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1267737157.

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Caborgan, Rodica. "Contribution à l’analyse expérimentale du comportement thermomécanique du caoutchouc naturel." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20203/document.

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Une analyse du comportement thermomécanique du caoutchouc naturel est réalisée en combinant deux techniques d'imagerie quantitative. La corrélation d'images visibles sert à estimer les déformations puis l'énergie de déformation alors que des images infrarouges permettent d'estimer, via l'équation de diffusion, les quantités de chaleur mise en jeu. La construction de bilans d'énergie montre alors l'importance relative des mécanismes dissipatifs et de couplage thermomécanique. A basse fréquence pour de faibles déformations, les résultats permettent de retrouver le fameux effet d'inversion thermoélastique. A déformation plus importante, les résultats montrent une compétition sur le plan énergétique entre élasticité entropique et mécanismes de cristallisation/fusion sous contrainte. Aucun effet dissipatif significatif n'est détecté à basse comme en haute fréquence alors que dans chaque cas, sur le plan mécanique, une aire d'hystérésis caractérise la réponse cyclique du matériau
An analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of the natural rubber is carried out by combining two quantitative imaging techniques. The digital image correlation of visible images is used to estimate the strain and then the deformation energy whereas infrared images make it possible to estimate, via the heat equation, the amounts of heat involved in the material transformation. The construction of energy balance enables us to determine the relative importance of the dissipative and thermomechanical coupling mechanisms. For low frequency and low extension ratio, the results show the famous thermoelastic inversion effect. From an energy standpoint, a competition between entropic elasticity and stress-induced crystallization/fusion mechanisms is observed for more significant extension ratios. No significant dissipative effect can be detected at low or high loading frequency whereas in each case, a stress-strain hysteresis characterizes the cyclic response of the material

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Book chapters on the topic "Entropic/rubber elasticity"

1

Fukuhara, M., A. Inoue, and N. Nishiyama. "Rubber-Like Entropy Elasticity of a Glassy Alloy [1]." In Frontiers in Materials Research, 227–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77968-1_17.

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Erman, Burak, and James E. Mark. "Overview and Some Fundamental Information." In Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082371.003.0003.

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This chapter is a brief overview of the topics treated in the book. It is aimed, in particular, at providing some qualitative information on rubber elasticity theories and their relationships to experimental studies, and at putting this material into context. The following chapter describes in detail the classical theories of rubber elasticity, that is, the phantom and affine network theories. The network chains in the phantom model are assumed not to experience the effects of the surrounding chains and entanglements, and thus to move as “phantoms.” Although this seems to be a very severe approximation, many experimental results are not in startling disagreement with theories based on this highly idealized assumption. These theories associate the total Helmholtz free energy of a deformed network with the sum of the free energies of the individual chains—an important assumption adopted throughout the book. They treat the single chain in its maximum simplicity, as a Gaussian chain, which is a type of “structureless” chain (where the only chemical constitution specified is the number of bonds in the network chain). In this respect, the classical theories focus on ideal networks and, in fact, are also referred to as “kinetic” theories because of their resemblance to ideal gas theories. Chain flexibility and mobility are the essential features of these models, according to which the network chains can experience all possible conformations or spatial arrangements subject to the network’s connectivity. One of the predictions of the classical theories is that the elastic modulus of the network is independent of strain. This results from the assumption that only the entropy at the chain level contributes to the Helmholtz free energy. Experimental evidence, on the other hand, indicates that the modulus decreases significantly with increasing tension or compression, implicating interchain interactions, such as entanglements of some type or other. This has led to the more modern theories of rubber elasticity, such as the constrained-junction or the slip-link theories, which go beyond the single-chain length scale and introduce additional entropy to the Helmholtz free energy at the subchain level.

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3

Akutagawa, Keizo. "Constitutive equation for rubber elasticity with the change in internal energy and entropy." In Constitutive Models for Rubber IV, 185–90. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315140216-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Entropic/rubber elasticity"

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Morovati, Vahid, and Roozbeh Dargazany. "An Improved Non-Gaussian Statistical Theory of Rubber Elasticity for Short Chains." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88234.

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The mechanical behavior of polymers has long been described by the non-Gaussian statistical model. Non-Gaussian models are generally based on the Kuhn-Grün (KG) distribution function, which itself is derived from the first order approximation of the complex Rayleigh’s exact Fourier integral distribution. The KG function has gained such a broad acceptance in the field of polymer physics that the non-Gaussian theory is often used to describe chains with various flexibility ratios. However, KG function is shown to be only relevant for long chains, with more than 40 segments. Here, we propose a new accurate approximation of the entropic force resulted from Rayleigh distribution function of non-Gaussian chains. The approximation provides an improved version of inverse Langevin function which has a limited error value with respect to the exact entropic force. The proposed function provides a significantly more accurate estimation of the distribution function than KG functions for small and medium-sized chains with less than 40 segments.

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