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Journal articles on the topic 'Entropic state function'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Gassner, Steven, Carlo Cafaro, Sean A. Ali, and Paul M. Alsing. "Information geometric aspects of probability paths with minimum entropy production for quantum state evolution." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, no. 08 (2021): 2150127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887821501279.

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We present an information geometric analysis of both entropic speeds and entropy production rates arising from geodesic evolution on manifolds parametrized by pure quantum states. In particular, we employ pure states that emerge as outputs of suitably chosen [Formula: see text] time-dependent Hamiltonian operators that characterize analog quantum search algorithms of specific types. The [Formula: see text] Hamiltonian models under consideration are specified by external time-dependent magnetic fields within which spin-[Formula: see text] test particles are immersed. The positive definite Riema

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2

Chen, Kuo, and Murugappan Muthukumar. "Entropic barrier of topologically immobilized DNA in hydrogels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 28 (2021): e2106380118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106380118.

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The single most intrinsic property of nonrigid polymer chains is their ability to adopt enormous numbers of chain conformations, resulting in huge conformational entropy. When such macromolecules move in media with restrictive spatial constraints, their trajectories are subjected to reductions in their conformational entropy. The corresponding free energy landscapes are interrupted by entropic barriers separating consecutive spatial domains which function as entropic traps where macromolecules can adopt their conformations more favorably. Movement of macromolecules by negotiating a sequence of

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Zozor, Steeve, та Jean-François Bercher. "ϕ-Informational Measures: Some Results and Interrelations". Entropy 23, № 7 (2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070911.

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In this paper, we focus on extended informational measures based on a convex function ϕ: entropies, extended Fisher information, and generalized moments. Both the generalization of the Fisher information and the moments rely on the definition of an escort distribution linked to the (entropic) functional ϕ. We revisit the usual maximum entropy principle—more precisely its inverse problem, starting from the distribution and constraints, which leads to the introduction of state-dependent ϕ-entropies. Then, we examine interrelations between the extended informational measures and generalize relati

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4

Plastino, Angelo, Mario Carlos Rocca, and Flavia Pennini. "Useful Dual Functional of Entropic Information Measures." Entropy 22, no. 4 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040491.

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There are entropic functionals galore, but not simple objective measures to distinguish between them. We remedy this situation here by appeal to Born’s proposal, of almost a hundred years ago, that the square modulus of any wave function | ψ | 2 be regarded as a probability distribution P. the usefulness of using information measures like Shannon’s in this pure-state context has been highlighted in [Phys. Lett. A1993, 181, 446]. Here we will apply the notion with the purpose of generating a dual functional [ F α R : { S Q } ⟶ R + ], which maps entropic functionals onto positive real numbers. I

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Van Herstraeten, Zacharie, Michael G. Jabbour, and Nicolas J. Cerf. "Continuous majorization in quantum phase space." Quantum 7 (May 24, 2023): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-05-24-1021.

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We explore the role of majorization theory in quantum phase space. To this purpose, we restrict ourselves to quantum states with positive Wigner functions and show that the continuous version of majorization theory provides an elegant and very natural approach to exploring the information-theoretic properties of Wigner functions in phase space. After identifying all Gaussian pure states as equivalent in the precise sense of continuous majorization, which can be understood in light of Hudson&apos;s theorem, we conjecture a fundamental majorization relation: any positive Wigner function is m

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6

Tessarotto, Massimo, and Claudio Cremaschini. "Role of Quantum Entropy and Establishment of H-Theorems in the Presence of Graviton Sinks for Manifestly-Covariant Quantum Gravity." Entropy 21, no. 4 (2019): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040418.

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Based on the introduction of a suitable quantum functional, identified here with the Boltzmann–Shannon entropy, entropic properties of the quantum gravitational field are investigated in the framework of manifestly-covariant quantum gravity theory. In particular, focus is given to gravitational quantum states in a background de Sitter space-time, with the addition of possible quantum non-unitarity effects modeled in terms of an effective quantum graviton sink localized near the de Sitter event horizon. The theory of manifestly-covariant quantum gravity developed accordingly is shown to retain

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Belousov, Boris, and Jan Peters. "Entropic Regularization of Markov Decision Processes." Entropy 21, no. 7 (2019): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070674.

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An optimal feedback controller for a given Markov decision process (MDP) can in principle be synthesized by value or policy iteration. However, if the system dynamics and the reward function are unknown, a learning agent must discover an optimal controller via direct interaction with the environment. Such interactive data gathering commonly leads to divergence towards dangerous or uninformative regions of the state space unless additional regularization measures are taken. Prior works proposed bounding the information loss measured by the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence at every policy improv

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8

Kim, Young Hun, Geoffray Leriche, Karthik Diraviyam, et al. "Entropic effects enable life at extreme temperatures." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaaw4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw4783.

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Maintaining membrane integrity is a challenge at extreme temperatures. Biochemical synthesis of membrane-spanning lipids is one adaptation that organisms such as thermophilic archaea have evolved to meet this challenge and preserve vital cellular function at high temperatures. The molecular-level details of how these tethered lipids affect membrane dynamics and function, however, remain unclear. Using synthetic monolayer-forming lipids with transmembrane tethers, here, we reveal that lipid tethering makes membrane permeation an entropically controlled process that helps to limit membrane leaka

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Wiesner, K., J. Teles, M. Hartnor, and C. Peterson. "Haematopoietic stem cells: entropic landscapes of differentiation." Interface Focus 8, no. 6 (2018): 20180040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0040.

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The metaphor of a potential epigenetic differentiation landscape broadly suggests that during differentiation a stem cell approaches a stable equilibrium state from a higher free energy towards a stable equilibrium state which represents the final cell type. It has been conjectured that there is an analogy to the concept of entropy in statistical mechanics. In this context, in the undifferentiated state, the entropy would be large since fewer constraints exist on the gene expression programmes of the cell. As differentiation progresses, gene expression programmes become more and more constrain

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10

Keshmiri, Soheil. "Entropy and the Brain: An Overview." Entropy 22, no. 9 (2020): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090917.

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Entropy is a powerful tool for quantification of the brain function and its information processing capacity. This is evident in its broad domain of applications that range from functional interactivity between the brain regions to quantification of the state of consciousness. A number of previous reviews summarized the use of entropic measures in neuroscience. However, these studies either focused on the overall use of nonlinear analytical methodologies for quantification of the brain activity or their contents pertained to a particular area of neuroscientific research. The present study aims

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11

Huang, Ming Xin, Pedro E. J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "Modelling Deformation Structures in Metals Based on an Entropic Analysis." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.571.

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Non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory is applied to the description of plastic deformation in pure FCC metals at the steady state. The saturation flow stress is predicted as a function of temperature and strain rate for Al, Cu, Ni and Ag. The implications on the cell/subgrain size and dislocation density are explored.

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12

Kocherginsky, Nikolai M. "Lagrangian for Real Systems Instead of Entropy for Ideal Isolated Systems." ChemEngineering 9, no. 3 (2025): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9030044.

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy S increases in a spontaneous process in an ideal isothermal and isolated system. Real systems are influenced by external forces and fields, including the temperature field. In this case, only entropy is not enough, and we suggest using a new function, Ls, which is analogous to the Lagrangian in classical mechanics. It includes total potential energy but instead of mechanical kinetic energy, Ls includes the product ST, and the system always evolves towards increasing this modified Lagrangian. It reaches an equilibrium when total potential for

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13

Winters, Andrew R., Christof Czernik, Moritz B. Schily, and Gregor J. Gassner. "Entropy stable numerical approximations for the isothermal and polytropic Euler equations." BIT Numerical Mathematics 60, no. 3 (2019): 791–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10543-019-00789-w.

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AbstractIn this work we analyze the entropic properties of the Euler equations when the system is closed with the assumption of a polytropic gas. In this case, the pressure solely depends upon the density of the fluid and the energy equation is not necessary anymore as the mass conservation and momentum conservation then form a closed system. Further, the total energy acts as a convex mathematical entropy function for the polytropic Euler equations. The polytropic equation of state gives the pressure as a scaled power law of the density in terms of the adiabatic index $$\gamma $$ γ . As such,

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Thompson, Lowell, and Hong Qian. "Potential of Entropic Force in Markov Systems with Nonequilibrium Steady State, Generalized Gibbs Function and Criticality." Entropy 18, no. 8 (2016): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e18080309.

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15

Shalaby, Asmaa G. "Impact of the running gravitational constant on the extensive thermodynamics of galaxies." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 02 (2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19500143.

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We study the effect of the running gravitational constant on a system of particles (galaxies) interact via gravitational potential. The gravitational potential is derived based on the entropic modified Newtonian force by logarithmic and power correction terms. We derive the partition function for many-body system and the exact equations of state including the thermodynamic properties. A modified parameter B emerged from the thermodynamics derivation. Moreover, an extension of the study is done to determine the distribution function for point mass and extended mass structure galaxies. In partic

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16

González, Gabriel, and Daniel Salgado-Blanco. "Shannon information entropy for a one-dimensional ionic crystal." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 07 (2019): 2050032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320500327.

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In this work, we present the information theoretic lengths given by Shannon and Fisher for the lowest-lying stationary state of a one-dimensional ionic crystal modeled by [Formula: see text] equally spaced attractive and repulsive Dirac delta potentials. The entropic uncertainty relations related to position and momentum spaces are studied as a function of the number of ions and the distance between them. Our results show that the stability of the ionic crystal depends on the number of ions and distance between them. In particular, we show that the position Shannon entropy is always positive a

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17

Kozulia, T., M. Kozulia, and I. Didmanidze. "Comprehensive study of the systemic formation «object–environment» safety state." Technogenic and ecological safety 7(1/2020) (May 1, 2020): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779983.

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The article deals with topical issues of ecological assessment of natural-technogenic study objects state, taking into account its interaction with the surrounding environmental systems and the necessary internal mechanisms to regulate these influences in order to maintain appropriate equilibrium and stationarity regarding the dynamics of such interactions. Attention is paid to research into environmental safety as a major component of human safety and the pledge of human health, in providing a sound solution to human health and environmental issues. The main tendencies in the formation of sys

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18

Nguyen, Trinh T., and David T. Cramb. "Elucidation of the mechanism and energy barrier for anesthetic triggered membrane fusion in model membranes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 6 (2019): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0405.

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Membrane fusion is vital for cellular function and is generally mediated via fusogenic proteins and peptides. The mechanistic details and subsequently the transition state dynamics of membrane fusion will be dependent on the type of the fusogenic agent. We have previously established the potential of general anesthetics as a new class of fusion triggering agents in model membranes. We employed two-photon excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (TPE-FCCS) to report on vesicle association kinetics and steady-state fluorescence dequenching assays to monitor lipid mixing kinetics. U

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19

Bongini, L., V. Lombardi, and P. Bianco. "The transition mechanism of DNA overstretching: a microscopic view using molecular dynamics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 97 (2014): 20140399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0399.

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The overstretching transition in torsionally unconstrained DNA is studied by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The free-energy profile as a function of the length of the molecule is determined through the umbrella sampling technique providing both a thermodynamic and a structural characterization of the transition pathway. The zero-force free-energy profile is monotonic but, in accordance with recent experimental evidence, becomes two-state at high forces. A number of experimental results are satisfactorily predicted: (i) the entropic and enthalpic contributions to the free-en

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20

Abourabia, A. M., and T. Z. Abdel Wahid. "The unsteady Boltzmann kinetic equation and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of an electron gas for the Rayleigh flow problem." Canadian Journal of Physics 88, no. 7 (2010): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-032.

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In the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, the characteristics of the Rayleigh flow problem of a rarified electron gas extracted from neutral atoms is examined and proved to obey the entropic behavior for gas systems. A model kinetic equation of the BGK (Bhatnager–Gross–Krook) type is solved, using the method of moments with a two-sided distribution function. Various macroscopic properties of the electron gas, such as the mean velocity, the shear stress, and the viscosity coefficient, together with the induced electric and magnetic fields, are investigated with respect to both distance a

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21

Zullo, Federico, and Claudio Giorgi. "On the Optimal Shape and Efficiency Improvement of Fin Heat Sinks." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010316.

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In this paper, we analyze the values of the entropic efficiency of longitudinal fins by investigating the coupling between the function describing the fin profile and the corresponding steady-state temperature distribution along the fin. By starting from different boundary conditions, we look at the distribution temperature maximizing the efficiency of the fin. From this temperature distribution and by requesting that the fin must comply with natural physical constraints, such as the maximum fin thickness, we obtain an optimal profile for a purely convective fin and a convecting–radiating fin.

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22

Casillas-Trujillo, Luis, and Björn Alling. "Effect of magnetic disorder on Cr interaction with 1/2⟨111⟩ screw dislocations in bcc iron." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 12 (2023): 125103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134935.

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We investigate how the magnetic state influences the interaction of Cr substitutional impurities with ½⟨111⟩ screw dislocations in bcc Fe via density functional theory (DFT). We compare the paramagnetic state, modeled with a non-collinear disordered local moment (DLM) model, with the ferromagnetic state. In a previous work [Casillas-Trujillo et al., Phys. Rev. B 102, 094420 (2020)], we have shown that the magnetic moment and atomic volume landscape around screw dislocations in the paramagnetic state of iron are substantially different from that in the ferromagnetic state. Such a difference can

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23

Laye, Victoria J., Shahlo Solieva, Vincent A. Voelz, and Shiladitya DasSarma. "Effects of Salinity and Temperature on the Flexibility and Function of a Polyextremophilic Enzyme." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (2022): 15620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415620.

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The polyextremophilic β-galactosidase enzyme of the haloarchaeon Halorubrum lacusprofundi functions in extremely cold and hypersaline conditions. To better understand the basis of polyextremophilic activity, the enzyme was studied using steady-state kinetics and molecular dynamics at temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 50 °C and salt concentrations from 1 M to 4 M KCl. Kinetic analysis showed that while catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) improves with increasing temperature and salinity, Km is reduced with decreasing temperatures and increasing salinity, consistent with improved substrate binding a

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24

Bose, Indrani. "Tipping the Balance: A Criticality Perspective." Entropy 24, no. 3 (2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24030405.

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Cell populations are often characterised by phenotypic heterogeneity in the form of two distinct subpopulations. We consider a model of tumour cells consisting of two subpopulations: non-cancer promoting (NCP) and cancer-promoting (CP). Under steady state conditions, the model has similarities with a well-known model of population genetics which exhibits a purely noise-induced transition from unimodality to bimodality at a critical value of the noise intensity σ2. The noise is associated with the parameter λ representing the system-environment coupling. In the case of the tumour model, λ has a

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Drisdell, W. S., C. D. Cappa, J. D. Smith, R. J. Saykally, and R. C. Cohen. "Determination of the evaporation coefficient of D<sub>2</sub>O." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 8565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-8565-2008.

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Abstract. The evaporation rate of D2O has been determined by Raman thermometry of a droplet train (12–15 µm diameter) injected into vacuum (~10-5 torr). The cooling rate measured as a function of time in vacuum was fit to a model that accounts for temperature gradients between the surface and the core of the droplets, yielding an evaporation coefficient (γe) of 0.57±0.06. This is nearly identical to that found for H2O (0.62±0.09) using the same experimental method and model, and indicates the existence of a kinetic barrier to evaporation. The application of a recently developed transition-stat

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Drisdell, W. S., C. D. Cappa, J. D. Smith, R. J. Saykally, and R. C. Cohen. "Determination of the evaporation coefficient of D<sub>2</sub>O." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 22 (2008): 6699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6699-2008.

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Abstract. The evaporation rate of D2O has been determined by Raman thermometry of a droplet train (12–15 μm diameter) injected into vacuum (~10-5 torr). The cooling rate measured as a function of time in vacuum was fit to a model that accounts for temperature gradients between the surface and the core of the droplets, yielding an evaporation coefficient (γe) of 0.57±0.06. This is nearly identical to that found for H2O (0.62±0.09) using the same experimental method and model, and indicates the existence of a kinetic barrier to evaporation. The application of a recently developed transition-stat

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27

Geiger, Bernhard C., and Christoph Temmel. "Lumpings of Markov Chains, Entropy Rate Preservation, and Higher-Order Lumpability." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 4 (2014): 1114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1421763331.

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A lumping of a Markov chain is a coordinatewise projection of the chain. We characterise the entropy rate preservation of a lumping of an aperiodic and irreducible Markov chain on a finite state space by the random growth rate of the cardinality of the realisable preimage of a finite-length trajectory of the lumped chain and by the information needed to reconstruct original trajectories from their lumped images. Both are purely combinatorial criteria, depending only on the transition graph of the Markov chain and the lumping function. A lumping is strongly k-lumpable, if and only if the lumped

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Geiger, Bernhard C., and Christoph Temmel. "Lumpings of Markov Chains, Entropy Rate Preservation, and Higher-Order Lumpability." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 04 (2014): 1114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200012018.

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A lumping of a Markov chain is a coordinatewise projection of the chain. We characterise the entropy rate preservation of a lumping of an aperiodic and irreducible Markov chain on a finite state space by the random growth rate of the cardinality of the realisable preimage of a finite-length trajectory of the lumped chain and by the information needed to reconstruct original trajectories from their lumped images. Both are purely combinatorial criteria, depending only on the transition graph of the Markov chain and the lumping function. A lumping is strongly k-lumpable, if and only if the lumped

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Patton, Noah, Jihwan Jeong, Mike Gimelfarb, and Scott Sanner. "A Distributional Framework for Risk-Sensitive End-to-End Planning in Continuous MDPs." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 9 (2022): 9894–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i9.21226.

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Recent advances in efficient planning in deterministic or stochastic high-dimensional domains with continuous action spaces leverage backpropagation through a model of the environment to directly optimize action sequences. However, existing methods typically do not take risk into account when optimizing in stochastic domains, which can be incorporated efficiently in MDPs by optimizing a nonlinear utility function of the return distribution. We bridge this gap by introducing Risk-Aware Planning using PyTorch (RAPTOR), a novel unified framework for risk-sensitive planning through end-to-end opti

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Javed, Muhammad, Sidra Salim, Sumayya Said, Khushnood Shah, and Atta ur Rahman. "The influence of Ohmic noise on the dynamics of three-spin open quantum system." Laser Physics 34, no. 3 (2024): 035202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ad2444.

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Abstract The dynamics of open quantum systems under decoherence effects remain a hotly debated topic in the case of the practical deployment of quantum information processing. In this regard, we examine how the three-qubit mixed state is affected by changes in the cut-off frequency of the Ohmic spectral density in a harmonic reservoir. Specifically, the degree of quantum memory-assisted entropic uncertainty (QMA-EU), along with the entanglement, coherence, and purity of the system, is to be demonstrated. A thorough exercise is done to investigate any underlying relationship between the three-q

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Hoser, Anna Agnieszka, Toms Rekis, and Anders Østergaard Madsen. "Dynamics and disorder: on the stability of pyrazinamide polymorphs." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 78, no. 3 (2022): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520622004577.

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This article focuses on the structure and relative stability of four pyrazinamide polymorphs. New single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected for all forms at 10 K and 122 K are presented. By combining periodic ab initio DFT calculations with normal-mode refinement against X-ray diffraction data, both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy of all polymorphs are calculated. On the basis of the estimated free energies, the stability order of the polymorphs as a function of temperature and the corresponding solid state phase transition temperatures are anticipated. It can be

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Jizba, P., G. Lambiase, G. G. Luciano, and L. Petruzziello. "Coherent states for generalized uncertainty relations and their cosmological implications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2533, no. 1 (2023): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2533/1/012043.

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Abstract We study coherent states associated with a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Our particular focus is on the negative deformation parameter β. We show that the ensuing coherent state can be identified with Tsallis’ probability amplitude with the non-extensivity parameter q being a monotonically increasing function of β. Furthermore, for β < 0, we reformulate the GUP in terms of a one-parameter class of Tsallis entropy based uncertainty relations, which are again saturated by the GUP coherent states. We argue that this combination of coherent states with Tsallis entropy offers

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Micha, Polak. "Prediction of Enhanced Dimerization inside Dilute Alloy Nanoparticles." International Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine 3, no. 1 (2017): 023–26. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3492.000017.

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According to a unique nano-confinement effect of entropic origin, predicted by us several years ago for the equilibrium state of chemical reactions, the equilibrium-constant and extent are greatly enhanced depending on the small number of molecules involved, and for many reactions also on the nano-space size. This work explored the validity of this effect in the case of elemental dimerization reactions within dilute alloy nanoparticles with separation tendency, Pd – Ir cuboctahedra in particular. Employing a simple model for the system energetics, computations based on the exact canonica

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Joseph, Prem, Leo Spyracopoulos, and Krishna Rajarathnam. "Dynamics-Derived Insights into Complex Formation between the CXCL8 Monomer and CXCR1 N-Terminal Domain: An NMR Study." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112825.

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Interleukin-8 (CXCL8), a potent neutrophil-activating chemokine, exerts its function by activating the CXCR1 receptor that belongs to class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Receptor activation involves interactions between the CXCL8 N-terminal loop and CXCR1 N-terminal domain (N-domain) residues (Site-I) and between the CXCL8 N-terminal and CXCR1 extracellular/transmembrane residues (Site-II). CXCL8 exists in equilibrium between monomers and dimers, and it is known that the monomer binds CXCR1 with much higher affinity and that Site-I interactions are largely responsible for the differen

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McKenzie, Iain, Derek Fujimoto, Victoria L. Karner та ін. "A β-NMR study of the depth, temperature, and molecular-weight dependence of secondary dynamics in polystyrene: Entropy–enthalpy compensation and dynamic gradients near the free surface". Journal of Chemical Physics 156, № 8 (2022): 084903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081185.

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We investigated the depth, temperature, and molecular-weight (MW) dependence of the γ-relaxation in polystyrene glasses using implanted 8Li+ and β-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. Measurements were performed on thin films with MW ranging from 1.1 to 641 kg/mol. The temperature dependence of the average 8Li spin–lattice relaxation time [Formula: see text] was measured near the free surface and in the bulk. Spin–lattice relaxation is caused by phenyl ring flips, which involve transitions between local minima over free-energy barriers with enthalpic and entropic contributions. We used transit

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Spitthoff, Lena, Markus Solberg Wahl, Jacob Joseph Lamb, Paul Robert Shearing, Preben J. S. Vie, and Odne Stokke Burheim. "On the Relations between Lithium-Ion Battery Reaction Entropy, Surface Temperatures and Degradation." Batteries 9, no. 5 (2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050249.

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Understanding and mitigating the degradation of batteries is important for financial as well as environmental reasons. Many studies look at cell degradation in terms of capacity losses and the mechanisms causing them. However, in this study, we take a closer look at how degradation affects heat sources in batteries, thereby requiring dynamic cooling strategies for battery systems throughout the battery life. In this work, we have studied and compared reversible (entropy-related) and non-reversible heat sources in a commercial LCO-graphite lithium-ion battery (LIB) alongside measuring the surfa

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Manke, Thomas, Lloyd Demetrius, and Martin Vingron. "An entropic characterization of protein interaction networks and cellular robustness." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 3, no. 11 (2006): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0140.

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The structure of molecular networks is believed to determine important aspects of their cellular function, such as the organismal resilience against random perturbations. Ultimately, however, cellular behaviour is determined by the dynamical processes, which are constrained by network topology. The present work is based on a fundamental relation from dynamical systems theory, which states that the macroscopic resilience of a steady state is correlated with the uncertainty in the underlying microscopic processes, a property that can be measured by entropy. Here, we use recent network data from

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Xu, Pei, Junge Zhang, Qiyue Yin, Chao Yu, Yaodong Yang, and Kaiqi Huang. "Subspace-Aware Exploration for Sparse-Reward Multi-Agent Tasks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 10 (2023): 11717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26384.

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Exploration under sparse rewards is a key challenge for multi-agent reinforcement learning problems. One possible solution to this issue is to exploit inherent task structures for an acceleration of exploration. In this paper, we present a novel exploration approach, which encodes a special structural prior on the reward function into exploration, for sparse-reward multi-agent tasks. Specifically, a novel entropic exploration objective which encodes the structural prior is proposed to accelerate the discovery of rewards. By maximizing the lower bound of this objective, we then propose an algor

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Squicciarini, Antonio, Elio Valero Toranzo, and Alejandro Zarzo. "A Time-Series Feature-Extraction Methodology Based on Multiscale Overlapping Windows, Adaptive KDE, and Continuous Entropic and Information Functionals." Mathematics 12, no. 15 (2024): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12152396.

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We propose a new methodology to transform a time series into an ordered sequence of any entropic and information functionals, providing a novel tool for data analysis. To achieve this, a new algorithm has been designed to optimize the Probability Density Function (PDF) associated with a time signal in the context of non-parametric Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). We illustrate the applicability of this method for anomaly detection in time signals. Specifically, our approach combines a non-parametric kernel density estimator with overlapping windows of various scales. Regarding the parameters i

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Zhao, Qiang, Bin-Zhou Mi, and Yushan Li. "Characteristics of information entropy in spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 12 (2019): 1950119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219501194.

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In this paper, we study the properties of information entropy in spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates. Our discussion is divided into two parts, stationary state and dynamics. For the former, we find that the coordinate component Sr and total entropy S increase with the strength of the spin–orbit coupling [Formula: see text]. The momentum component Sk shows a discontinuity behavior, it increases with [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is lesser than a critical value [Formula: see text], while it decreases with [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is greater tha

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Manning, Gerald S. "Construction of a Universal Gel Model with Volume Phase Transition." Gels 6, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels6010007.

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The physical principle underlying the familiar condensation transition from vapor to liquid is the competition between the energetic tendency to condense owing to attractive forces among molecules of the fluid and the entropic tendency to disperse toward the maximum volume available as limited only by the walls of the container. Van der Waals incorporated this principle into his equation of state and was thus able to explain the discontinuous nature of condensation as the result of instability of intermediate states. The volume phase transition of gels, also discontinuous in its sharpest manif

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González-Serrano, Lydia, Pilar Talón-Ballestero, Sergio Muñoz-Romero, Cristina Soguero-Ruiz, and José Luis Rojo-Álvarez. "Entropic Statistical Description of Big Data Quality in Hotel Customer Relationship Management." Entropy 21, no. 4 (2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040419.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a fundamental tool in the hospitality industry nowadays, which can be seen as a big-data scenario due to the large amount of recordings which are annually handled by managers. Data quality is crucial for the success of these systems, and one of the main issues to be solved by businesses in general and by hospitality businesses in particular in this setting is the identification of duplicated customers, which has not received much attention in recent literature, probably and partly because it is not an easy-to-state problem in statistical terms. In the

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Buelna-García, Carlos Emiliano, Eduardo Robles-Chaparro, Tristan Parra-Arellano, et al. "Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be4B8 Cluster at Different Temperatures." Molecules 26, no. 13 (2021): 3953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133953.

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Lowest-energy structures, the distribution of isomers, and their molecular properties depend significantly on geometry and temperature. Total energy computations using DFT methodology are typically carried out at a temperature of zero K; thereby, entropic contributions to the total energy are neglected, even though functional materials work at finite temperatures. In the present study, the probability of the occurrence of one particular Be4B8 isomer at temperature T is estimated by employing Gibbs free energy computed within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics and nanothermodynamics

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Rastegin, Alexey E. "Number-phase uncertainty relations in terms of generalized entropies." Quantum Information and Computation 12, no. 9&10 (2012): 743–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic12.9-10-2.

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Number-phase uncertainty relations are formulated in terms of unified entropies which form a family of two-parametric extensions of the Shannon entropy. For two generalized measurements, unified-entropy uncertainty relations are given in both the state-dependent and state-independent forms. A few examples are discussed as well. Using the Pegg--Barnett formalism and the Riesz theorem, we obtain a nontrivial inequality between norm-like functionals of generated probability distributions in finite dimensions. The principal point is that we take the infinite-dimensional limit right for this inequa

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Wang, Chia-Wen, and Wolfgang B. Fischer. "Rotational Dynamics of The Transmembrane Domains Play an Important Role in Peptide Dynamics of Viral Fusion and Ion Channel Forming Proteins—A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." Viruses 14, no. 4 (2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040699.

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Focusing on the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of viral fusion and channel-forming proteins (VCPs), experimentally available and newly generated peptides in an ideal conformation of the S and E proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, gp41 and Vpu, both of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), haemagglutinin and M2 of influenza A, as well as gB of herpes simplex virus (HSV), are embedded in a fully hydrated lipid bilayer and used in multi-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations. It is aimed to identify differences in the dynamics of the

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Mustarelli, Piercarlo, and Corrado Tomasi. "Heat Capacities of Thermally Treated Na2O-3B2O3 Glasses Above and Below Tg." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 3 (1996): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-0309.

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Various contributions have been obtained from the heat capacities of "as quenched" and annealed Na2O - 3B2O3 glasses. It is shown that the enthalpic release gives a major contribution to the DSC curves obtained by reheating quenched glasses. Different relaxation processes are followed by comparing DSC scans of quenched and annealed samples in the vitreous state and around the glass transition temperature, Tg. As a function of the annealing time at T = T8 - 30 °C, the specific heats at room temperature initially increase, due to the decrease of the exothermic contribution from quenched-in defec

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Imanian, Anahita, and Mohammad Modarres. "A thermodynamic entropy-based damage assessment with applications to prognostics and health management." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (2017): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921716689561.

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To advance the traditional structural integrity and life estimation approach, this article presents an explanation of damage and develops an alternative approach to damage assessment based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. This explanation provides a new way to perform prognostics and health management in terms of the irreversible thermodynamic framework. Specifically, it is proposed and demonstrated that entropy generated due to material degradation can be used as an index of damage. It is claimed that the use of an entropy-based damage index offers a unified and more comprehensive m

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Obregón, O. "Generalized information and entanglement entropy, gravitation and holography." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 16 (2015): 1530039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300392.

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A nonextensive statistical mechanics entropy that depends only on the probability distribution is proposed in the framework of superstatistics. It is based on a Γ(χ2) distribution that depends on β and also on pl. The corresponding modified von Neumann entropy is constructed; it is shown that it can also be obtained from a generalized Replica trick. We further demonstrate a generalized H-theorem. Considering the entropy as a function of the temperature and volume, it is possible to generalize the equation of state of an ideal gas. Moreover, following the entropic force formulation a generalize

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Zatta, Nicolò, Andrea Trovo, and Massimo Guarnieri. "Modelling Air Cooling in a Module of Prismatic Li-Ion Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012708mtgabs.

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The control of temperature in lithium-ion stacks is of increasing industrial importance. In fact, an efficient thermal conditioning system ensures a homogeneous temperature distribution among the cells, preventing conditions which could hinder performance or led to temperature runaway and so a disruptive failure of the module. CFD models for thermal analysis can be useful in the design phase to optimize the module layout and to size the cooling system, as well as to support experimental campaigns in the definition of reduced-order thermal models to be implemented into the Battery Management Sy

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Kozulia, T. V., A. S. Sviridova, and M. M. Kozulia. "ENTROPY APPROACH IN SYSTEM RESEARCH OF DIFFERENT COMPLEXITY OBJECTS TO ASSESS THEIR CONDITION AND FUNCTIONALITY." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (January 15, 2022): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2021-4-14.

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Context. Consideration of comprehensively studied object in the form “system – environment” to obtain an approximate accurate real situation reflection. Objective. Search for solutions to problematic research issues based on the entropy approach for systems “object – environment” of different nature and complexity, studying them and obtaining knowledge (stable information) and providing them as a set of complex system tasks modulated by different entropy functions. Method. The following criteria are used to assess the sustainability of the development of a system object: integrity

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