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Journal articles on the topic "Enuresis Pattern Behavioural Disorder Children"
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Victoria, Soyobi Yewande, Obohwemu Oberhiri Kennedy, Suberu Omeiza Peter, et al. "PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLBEING OF ORPHANS IN KADUNA STATE: A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 06, no. 11 (2024): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue11-03.
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Background: The well-being of orphans has been a persistent issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the orphan population has surged due to factors such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic, terrorism, and natural disasters. In Nigeria, these children face significant medical, social, and psychological challenges, including malnutrition, limited access to education, stigmatization, and behavioural issues. Despite some interventions, many orphanages focus primarily on addressing material needs, often neglecting comprehensive medical, social welfare, and psychosocial support. This study assesses the psychosocial well-being of orphans living in orphanages across Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 100 orphans from selected orphanages in Kaduna. Data collection utilized interviewer-administered questionnaires, capturing information on socio-demographic details, medical conditions, behavioural patterns, stigma levels, psychosocial well-being, and coping mechanisms. The study also measured nutritional status and assessed access to healthcare and educational opportunities. Results: The average age of participants was 10 years, with a male majority (68%). While 54.9% reported access to balanced diets, 53.7% were classified as underweight, emphasizing ongoing nutritional challenges. Medical issues were prominent, with 33.7% showing clinical signs of illness and 46.7% being incompletely immunized. Behavioural problems were evident, including hyperactivity disorders (27.0%) and major depressive disorder (1.8%). Furthermore, enuresis affected 22.3% of the respondents. Despite these difficulties, the majority (83.3%) reported positive peer relationships, though 11.4% experienced bullying and 9% faced stigmatization. Education access was relatively high, with only 2.2% not attending school, and 89.2% displayed good self-esteem. Social support was moderate, with 35.2% receiving substantial support and 46.8% adopting goal adjustment strategies for coping. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex psychosocial challenges faced by orphans in Kaduna, encompassing medical, social, and behavioural issues. While most orphans showed resilience through positive self-esteem and peer relationships, the prevalence of health problems, behavioural disorders, and suboptimal coping strategies underscores the necessity for integrated care. A holistic approach addressing medical, social welfare, and psychosocial needs is critical for improving the overall well-being of these vulnerable children.
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Yewande, MBBS, Soyobi Victoria, Obohwemu Kennedy Oberhiri, Suberu Peter Omeiza, MPH, et al. "BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS OF CHILDREN IN KADUNA STATE ORPHANAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 06, no. 10 (2024): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue10-05.
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Background The plight of orphans, exacerbated by conflict, disease, and socioeconomic factors, remains a pressing global issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria, notably impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, terrorism, and natural disasters, has witnessed a substantial increase in orphan populations. These children face severe challenges, including child abuse, malnutrition, limited access to education, stigmatization, and a range of psychological and behavioural disorders. Despite some interventions, orphanages primarily address material needs, often neglecting comprehensive medical, social, and psychosocial support. This study explores the behavioural patterns of orphans in Kaduna, Nigeria, and examines how their medical and social challenges compare across various orphanages. Methodology A cross-sectional, comparative analysis was conducted among 100 orphans from selected orphanages in Kaduna. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing socio-demographics, medical conditions, behavioural patterns, stigma, psychosocial status, and coping strategies. Results The mean age of respondents was 10 years, with 68% being male. Nutritional issues were prevalent, with 53.7% classified as underweight despite 54.9% reportedly consuming balanced diets. Medical concerns were significant, with 33.7% showing clinical signs of illness and 46.7% not fully immunized. Behavioural issues were prominent, including hyperactivity symptoms (27.0%), enuresis (22.3%), and depressive symptoms (1.8%). Socially, most respondents (83.3%) reported positive peer relationships, though bullying (11.4%) and stigmatization (9%) were also observed. Educational access was generally high, with only 2.2% not attending school. However, social support systems varied, with 35.2% reporting strong support and 46.8% adapting their goals as a coping mechanism. Conclusion The findings highlight the complex medical and behavioural challenges faced by orphans in Kaduna's orphanages, underscoring the need for integrated interventions that provide medical, psychosocial, and educational support. A holistic approach is crucial to improving their overall well-being and future prospects.
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Baeyens, Dieter, Herbert Roeyers, Johan Vande Walle, and Piet Hoebeke. "Behavioural problems and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with enuresis: a literature review." European Journal of Pediatrics 164, no. 11 (2005): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-005-1712-1.
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Ganiyat Ishola (RN, Ph.D), Adeyinka, and Awosanya Bolaji Oluwayemisi (RN, B.Sc). "PATTERN OF BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES TO ENURESIS AMONG CHILDREN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY, IBADAN, NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 5 (2020): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10953.
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Soyobi, Victoria Yewande, Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu, Peter Omeiza Suberu, et al. "THE IMPACT OF STIGMA ON THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN IN KADUNA ORPHANAGES." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS 6, no. 11 (2024): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue11-07.
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Background: Orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, face increasing challenges due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, terrorism, and natural disasters, leading to a growing orphan population. In addition to the material hardships experienced by orphans, stigmatization remains a profound issue, exacerbating their medical, social, and psychological well-being. Stigma affects children’s self-esteem, mental health, social relationships, and access to opportunities, making it a critical area of concern for orphaned children in institutional care. This study investigates the impact of stigma on the well-being of children in orphanages in Kaduna, Nigeria, focusing on medical, social, and psychosocial aspects of their lives. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 children living in orphanages across Kaduna. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires designed to capture socio-demographic data, medical conditions, behavioural patterns, stigma levels, and psychosocial status. The study also explored how these children cope with the stigma associated with being orphans. Results: The findings revealed a significant presence of stigma among the orphan population, with 9% of children reporting being stigmatized by peers. Although 83.3% of respondents indicated positive peer relationships, bullying affected 11.4% of the children. Medical issues were prevalent, with 53.7% of the children underweight and 46.7% not fully immunized. Behavioural disorders such as hyperactivity (27%) and enuresis (22.3%) were also common. Despite these challenges, 89.2% reported good self-esteem, although many employed maladaptive coping mechanisms, with 46.8% adjusting their goals to cope with their circumstances. Conclusion: The study highlights the pervasive impact of stigma on the well-being of orphans in Kaduna, contributing to psychological distress and health challenges. Addressing the stigma and its effects requires comprehensive intervention strategies that integrate medical, psychosocial, and educational support.
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McFarlane, A. C. "The Relationship between Patterns of Family Interaction and Psychiatric Disorder in Children." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (1987): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048678709160935.
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This study examined the relationship between patterns of family interaction, in particular parental overprotection, and emotional and behavioural problems in children. The role children play in influencing the pattern of parental care was also investigated because increased parental protection could be a response to, rather than a cause of, emotional disorders in children. A population was examined on two occasions, 18 months apart, using Rutter's parent and teacher questionnaires. The data suggested that overprotection was particularly disruptive to children's emotional state when it was associated with irritability and distress in the parents. The converse relationship, in which emotional and behavioural problems in children had a significant influence on the degree of parental protection and pattern of interaction within the family, was also demonstrated by the use of cross-lagged correlations.
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Ahmed, Zeenoor, Naushad Ali N. Malagi, Rajesh Ashok Bavalatti, et al. "Prevalence and pattern of sleep disorders in childhood." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 10, no. 6 (2023): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231494.
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Background: Sleep disorders are very common in the population of children, with prevalence rates ranging from 25-40%, and they are often persistent. The aetiology of sleep problems is very complicated and depend on many varied factors. Psychological factors concerning family life and general state of health have a significant impact on children. Methods: A hospital based descriptive study was carried out among 1024 children visiting the paediatric outpatient departments of Madras medical college, Chennai and Al-Ameen medical college and hospital, Vijayapura over a period of 1 year from March 2022 to March 2023. An appropriate questionnaire was formulated that had to be filled by parents and those children with sleep problems interviewed and assessed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Out of 1164 questionnaires, 1024 (88.97%) were filled completely and returned. The 497 (48.54%) boys and 527 (51.46%) girls were included in this study. Of the 1024 children, 621 (60.64%) had no sleep related problems. The 403 (39.36%) had one or more sleep related problem, which included 211 (52.36%) boys and 192 (47.64%) girls. Male children were more commonly affected with sleep disorders and there is statistically significant difference at 5% level among males and females in having sleep disorders (p<0.05). Conclusions: Most of the children studied had only 1 of sleep disorders of which males outnumbered females. Sleep disorders were predominantly found in the age group of 7-10 years among which most common sleep related disorder was nocturnal enuresis. The study also showed that sleep walking is usually associated with another sleep disorder.
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Mphahlele, Ramatladi Meriam, Basil Joseph Pillay, and Anneke Meyer. "Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and anger in children with ADHD." South African Journal of Education 43, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v43n1a2136.
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With the research reported on here we sought to determine whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) displayed more symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD) and anger, which are categorised as externalising disorders, when contrasted to the control group and, also, whether gender and age impacted these ADHD comorbidities. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents before the age of 12 years according to which an individual displays a recurrent pattern of extreme inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness that inhibits performance, and is not age-appropriate. ODD is defined as a psychological syndrome characterised by disruptive behaviour, a pattern of anger and irritability, confrontational, and spiteful behaviour. CD is a psychological and behavioural syndrome characterised by difficulties with following rules, recurrent patterns of hostility, destruction, and dishonesty. Anger is a frequent reaction (contrasted to ordinary irritable mood), intense and long-lasting defensive or retaliatory response to perceived provocation or threat, which interferes with normal functioning. Both teacher and parent ratings on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale, and self-report on the Anger Inventory of the Beck Youth Inventories were employed in this investigation. The sample (n = 216) consisted of 216 school children aged 6 to 15 years that were divided into an ADHD group and a matched control group without ADHD (50 boys and 58 girls in each group). The results indicate that children with ADHD displayed notably elevated symptoms of ODD, CD and anger. The externalising disorders are more pronounced in boys with ADHD than in girls. Age had no effect on the results. We recommend that externalising comorbidities should be the target of early interventions. Our findings contribute to the debate about how best to conceptualise ADHD regarding related behavioural and emotional disturbances, and the treatment thereof. Since these symptoms occur during childhood and progress to adolescence, early identification and management may improve the livelihood of those affected.
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D’Arrigo, Stefano, Carmela Loiacono, Claudia Ciaccio, et al. "Clinical, Cognitive and Behavioural Assessment in Children with Cerebellar Disorder." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020544.
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Cerebellar disorders are characterised clinically by specific signs and symptoms, often associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. While the clinical signs of cerebellar disorders are clearly recognisable in adults and have a precise anatomo-functional correlation, in children the semiotics are less clear and vary with age because of the particular nature of the cerebellum’s maturation. Unlike other structures of the central nervous system, this begins at a later stage of foetal development and extends over a longer period of time, even after birth. As a result, the typical signs of cerebellar dysfunction will only become evident when the cerebellar functions have become integrated into the complex circuits of the central nervous system. This means that poor motor coordination in the very early years of life may not necessarily correlate with cerebellar dysfunction, and this may also be encountered in healthy children. The cerebellum’s role in cognitive and emotional functions relies on its structure and the complexity of its connections. Cognitive and behavioral impairment in cerebellar disorders can be the results of acquired lesions or the action of genetic and environmental risk factors, to which the cerebellum is particularly vulnerable considering its pattern of development. In the pathological setting, early evidence of cerebellar damage may be very vague, due, partly, to spontaneous compensation phenomena and the vicarious role of the connecting structures (an expression of the brain’s plasticity). Careful clinical assessment will nonetheless enable appropriate instrumental procedures to be arranged. It is common knowledge that the contribution of neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosis of cerebellar conditions, and neurophysiological investigations can also have a significant role. The ultimate goal of clinicians is to combine clinical data and instrumental findings to formulate a precise diagnostic hypothesis, and thus request a specific genetic test in order to confirm their findings, wherever possible.
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D’Arrigo, Stefano, Carmela Loiacono, Claudia Ciaccio, et al. "Clinical, Cognitive and Behavioural Assessment in Children with Cerebellar Disorder." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020544.
Full textAbstract:
Cerebellar disorders are characterised clinically by specific signs and symptoms, often associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. While the clinical signs of cerebellar disorders are clearly recognisable in adults and have a precise anatomo-functional correlation, in children the semiotics are less clear and vary with age because of the particular nature of the cerebellum’s maturation. Unlike other structures of the central nervous system, this begins at a later stage of foetal development and extends over a longer period of time, even after birth. As a result, the typical signs of cerebellar dysfunction will only become evident when the cerebellar functions have become integrated into the complex circuits of the central nervous system. This means that poor motor coordination in the very early years of life may not necessarily correlate with cerebellar dysfunction, and this may also be encountered in healthy children. The cerebellum’s role in cognitive and emotional functions relies on its structure and the complexity of its connections. Cognitive and behavioral impairment in cerebellar disorders can be the results of acquired lesions or the action of genetic and environmental risk factors, to which the cerebellum is particularly vulnerable considering its pattern of development. In the pathological setting, early evidence of cerebellar damage may be very vague, due, partly, to spontaneous compensation phenomena and the vicarious role of the connecting structures (an expression of the brain’s plasticity). Careful clinical assessment will nonetheless enable appropriate instrumental procedures to be arranged. It is common knowledge that the contribution of neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosis of cerebellar conditions, and neurophysiological investigations can also have a significant role. The ultimate goal of clinicians is to combine clinical data and instrumental findings to formulate a precise diagnostic hypothesis, and thus request a specific genetic test in order to confirm their findings, wherever possible.
Book chapters on the topic "Enuresis Pattern Behavioural Disorder Children"
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von Gontard, Alexander. "Elimination disorders in children and adolescents." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0108.
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Elimination disorders (EDs) encompass faecal incontinence or encopresis, daytime urinary incontinence, and nocturnal enuresis. Many different subtypes can be identified. EDs are common disorders in childhood, associated with emotional distress and a higher rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These have to be addressed separately. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the aetiologies of EDs. Medical causes have to be ruled out, but most EDs are functional, that is, non-organic. Assessment is non-invasive and clinically based in most cases. Treatment is symptom-oriented, with the goal of complete continence. The most effective treatment is primarily by urotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and medication. As each subtype of ED requires a specific treatment approach, an exact diagnosis is essential. International guidelines are available to ensure optimal care for children and adolescents with EDs.
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Taylor, Eric. "Attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorders in childhood and adolescence." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0215.
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The concept of ADHD arose from neurological formulations, but does not entail them, and the modern definition simply describes a set of behavioural traits. The historical evolution of the concept was described by Schachar. It began with the idea that some behavioural problems in children arose, not from social and familial adversity, but from subtle changes in brain development. The term ‘minimal brain dysfunction (MBD)’ was often applied, and covered not only disorganized and disruptive behaviour but other developmental problems (such as dyspraxias and language delays) presumed to have an unknown physical cause. MBD, however, stopped being a useful description when studies of children with definite and more-than-minimal brain damage made it plain that they showed a very wide range of psychological impairment, not a characteristic pattern (see Harris, this volume); and therefore it was invalid to infer the presence of brain disorder from the nature of the psychological presentation. The successor to the concept of MBD was attention deficit and hyperactivity: defined, observable behaviour traits without assumption of cause. ‘Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder’ (ADHD) in DSM-IV, and ‘Hyperkinetic Disorder’ in ICD-10, describe a constellation of overactivity, impulsivity and inattentiveness. These core problems often coexist with other difficulties of learning, behaviour or mental life, and the coexistent problems may dominate the presentation. This coexistence, to the psychopathologist, emphasizes the multifaceted nature of the disorder; to the sociologist, a doubt about whether it should be seen as a disorder at all; to the developmentalist, the shifting and context-dependent nature of childhood traits. For clinicians, ADHD symptoms usually need to be disentangled from a complex web of problems. It is worthwhile to do so because of the strong developmental impact of ADHD and the existence of effective treatments. Public controversy continues, but professional practice in most countries makes ADHD one of the most commonly diagnosed problems of child mental health.
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McKnight, Rebecca, Jonathan Price, and John Geddes. "Child and adolescent psychiatry: general aspects of care." In Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754008.003.0024.
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Child and adolescent psychiatry is a broad discipline relevant to any health professional who has regular contact with young people. Childhood emotional, behavioural, and developmental problems are common, especially in children with other medical or social difficulties. This chapter aims to provide an approach to child mental health difficulties, while Chapter 32 deals with common and/ or important psychiatric disorders that are specific to childhood. You may find it helpful to revise some basic child development— this can be found in any general paediatrics text (see ‘Further reading’). An overview of the differences between child and adult psychiatry is shown in Box 17.1. As in adult psychiatry, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders often relies on the clinician being able to recognize variants of and the limits of normal behaviour and emotions. In children, problems should be classified as either a delay in, or a deviation from, the usual pattern of development. Sometimes problems are due to an excess of what is an inherently normal characteristic in young people (e.g. anger in oppositional defiance disorder), rather than a new phenomenon (e.g. hallucinations or self- harm) as is frequently seen in adults. There are four types of symptoms that typically present to child and adolescent psychiatry services: … 1 Emotional symptoms: anxiety, fears, obsessions, mood, sleep, appetite, somatization. 2 Behavioural disorders: defiant behaviour, aggression, antisocial behaviour, eating disorders. 3 Developmental delays: motor, speech, play, attention, bladder/ bowels, reading, writing and maths. 4 Relationship difficulties with other children or adults…. There will also be other presenting complaints which fit the usual presentation of an adult disorder (e.g. mania, psychosis), and these are classified as they would be in an adult. Occasionally, there will also be a situation where the child is healthy, but the problem is either a parental illness, or abuse of the child by an adult. Learning disorders are covered in Chapter 19. Table 17.1 outlines specific psychiatric conditions diagnosed at less than 18 years, and Box 17.2 lists general psychiatric conditions that are also commonly found in children.