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Journal articles on the topic 'Enuresis – Treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ronen, Tammie, Giora Rahav, and Yochanan Wozner. "Self-Control and Enuresis." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 9, no. 4 (1995): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.9.4.249.

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This paper presents the link between self-control and childhood enuresis, assuming that enuresis is maintained by deficiencies in self-control skills, whether caused by physiological, behavioral, or cognitive components. Acquisition of self-control skills is proposed as helping in eliminating enuresis. Seventy-seven enuretic children (aged 7 to 14) were randomly assigned to three treatment modes (bell and pad, token economy, and cognitive therapy) and to one control group. The self-control skills of children and their parents and the frequency of enuresis were measured before and after treatment. Results showed a negative correlation between self-control and enuresis on the one hand and between the acquisition of self-control skills and recovery from enuresis on the other hand. The results also highlighted the need for a follow-up period to determine the different longer-term effects of treatments.

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2

Fielding, Dorothy. "Factors Associated with Drop-Out, Relapse and Failure in the Conditioning Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 3 (1985): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300011046.

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The enuresis alarm is a very successful method of treating nocturnal enuresis. Nevertheless many children drop-out of treatment and many relapse once dryness has been achieved. This paper examines the relationship between 30 variables, measured during the pre-treatment assessment of 75 enuretic children, and treatment outcome (success, failure, drop-out and relapse). Treatment was either by the enuresis alarm alone or the enuresis alarm preceded by four weeks of retention control training. Two features of diurnal bladder control (frequency and urgency) were related to failure in treatment and two factors reflecting parental intolerance to wetting (early toilet training and parental urging to use the toilet) were related to treatment drop-out.

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3

Warzak, William J. "Psychosocial Implications of Nocturnal Enuresis." Clinical Pediatrics 32, no. 1_suppl (1993): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922893032001s09.

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Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), a biobehavioral problem affecting approximately 5,000,000 children in the United States, is among the most bothersome and frustrating disorders of childhood. Negative psychosocial consequences are common, secondary to the impact of enuresis on family members and others. The enuretic child may be at increased risk for emotional or even physical abuse from family members and may experience stress related to fear of detection by peers. These factors contribute to the loss of self-esteem that the enuretic child often experiences. Fortunately, a number of treatments — most commonly pharmacologic or behavioral intervention — are often effective in improving or correcting PNE. This disorder not only can be addressed but should be addressed because effective treatment benefits both the patient and the patient's family.

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4

Gil Rushton, H. "Evaluation of the Enuretic Child." Clinical Pediatrics 32, no. 1_suppl (1993): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922893032001s04.

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Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom of environmental, physical, and psychosocial factors. In addition to a physical examination, the initial workup of the enuretic child should include a careful voiding, psychosocial, and family history. Studies have shown that the parents of enuretic children often have a history of enuresis. An increased incidence of enuresis has also been demonstrated in children from large families and lower socioeconomic groups. Daytime voiding symptoms (e.g., frequency, urgency, or enuresis) suggest the possibility of underlying voiding dysfunction. A complete urinalysis and urine culture also should be performed to exclude urinary infection and certain metabolic or nephrologic disorders. Finally, it is important that the treating physician understand the attitudes of both the child and the family concerning enuresis. Parents who feel that the child is at fault need to be educated and reassured. A careful, complete evaluation will allow the physician to tailor treatment to the individual child and family.

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5

Kamperis, K., S. Rittig, K. A. Jørgensen, and J. C. Djurhuus. "Nocturnal polyuria in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis refractory to desmopressin treatment." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): F1232—F1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2006.

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The transition from day to night is associated with a pronounced decline in diuresis with reductions in the amount of excreted water, electrolytes, and other end products of our metabolism. Failure to do so leads to a large urine output at night, a condition known as nocturnal polyuria, encountered in a large proportion of children with nocturnal enuresis. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the nocturnal polyuria seen in enuretics with inadequate response to desmopressin (dDAVP). Forty-six enuretics (7–14 yr of age) and fifteen age-matched controls were admitted for a 24-h protocol with standardized fluid and sodium intake, comprising urine collections, blood sampling, and blood pressure monitoring. We included patients with severe enuresis (5 ± 1 wet nights/wk) showing <50% reduction in wet nights on dDAVP. We characterized the patients on the basis of their nocturnal urine production. The children with nocturnal polyuria excreted larger amounts of sodium and urea at night than nonpolyurics and controls. Solute-free water reabsorption as well as urinary arginine vasopressin and aquaporin-2 excretion were normal in polyurics, and no differences were found in atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and renin levels. Urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion was significantly higher in polyurics. The nocturnal polyuria in children with dDAVP-resistant nocturnal enuresis seems to be the result of augmented sodium and urea excretion. The high urinary PGE2 levels found in these children point toward a role for increased prostaglandin synthesis in the pathogenesis of enuresis-related polyuria.

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6

Nørgaard, Jens Peter, and Jens Christian Djurhuus. "The Pathophysiology of Enuresis in Children and Young Adults." Clinical Pediatrics 32, no. 1_suppl (1993): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922893032001s02.

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Bedwetting is the most common urologic complaint among children. Wetting frequency at age 7 years varies from 5% to 15%. Treatment has been multimodal: drugs to depress bladder activity, increase urethral resistance, or modulate sleep; electrophysiologic treatment; and, recently, urine production modulation. All of these approaches reflect a lack of sufficient knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis. Over the last 13 years, enuresis studies at the Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, the University of Aarhus, Denmark, have focused on sleep disturbances, bladder reservoir function, urine output, and a combination of the three. Sleep studies indicate that: enuretic patients are normal sleepers; the voiding characteristics of an enuretic episode are similar to those of voluntary voiding during the day; and enuresis can take place during any stage of sleep, but generally occurs when the bladder is filled to the equivalent of maximal daytime functional capacity. Bladder reservoir capacity appears to be normal and bladder instability an unimportant factor in the pathology of nocturnal enuresis. However, enuretic patients have been shown to lack the normal nocturnal increase in antidiuretic hormone levels and had nocturnal urine production up to four times the volume of functional bladder capacity, which explains the need for bladder emptying. These findings open new avenues to the approach to treatment based on antidiuretic therapy.

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7

Rainey, Joy. "Enuresis — A Case Study." Children Australia 12, no. 1 (1987): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000014077.

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This paper centre around a particular treatment procedure for a 6 years old boy with primary enuresis. According to Hudson (1980) the term “enuresi” mean “persistent wetting of the bed by children over the age of 3 or 4 years in the absence of any demonstrable organic pathology”. (P. 70).Although there have been various ways of handling this over the centuries (mostly unsuccessful), according to many modern researchers, the bell and pad or enuresis alarm has the best record of success. Hudson claims “a continually demonstrated high success rate of approximately 75%” (p.18). He does emphasize, however, that these figures are for good quality equipment, used with professional supervision.

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8

Oh, Eun Young. "Treatment for Enuresis." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 45, no. 3 (2002): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2002.45.3.281.

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9

Butler, Richard J., and Sarah L. Gasson. "Enuresis alarm treatment." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 39, no. 5 (2005): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365590500220321.

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10

Subarna, Chakravorty, Josu de la Fuente, and Ali Mohammed. "Prevalence Of Nocurnal Enuresis and Proteinuria In Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Its Relation To Severity Of Painful Crises." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 4693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4693.4693.

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Nocturnal enuresis and albuminuria or proteinuria are markers of renal damage in sickle cell disease (SCD) and commonly develop early on in life. Proteinuria progresses with age, leading to chronic kidney disease in adulthood. The aims of this study were to identify the prevalence of enuresis and albuminuria/proteinuria in paediatric patients with SCD in London and to determine the relationship between these and various demographic and clinical variables. Methods A cross sectional, single centre study was conducted. Questionnaire-based interviews themed on nocturnal enuresis were undertaken for patients between the ages of 6 and 17. Urinalysis was performed for the presence of albuminuria or proteinuria. Hospital patient records were accessed for clinical data. Results A total of 56 patients were recruited to the study, of which 27 (51.8%) were female. Twenty patients (35.7%) had a history of enuresis and met the DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition) criteria for nocturnal enuresis compared to 5% prevalence in children in the general population1. There was a statistically significant association between enuresis and age, overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), painful crises and regular transfusions (Table 1). Fourteen out of 29 patients (48.3%) with OAB symptoms reported nocturnal enuresis compared to six out of 27 patients (22.2%) who did not (p<0.05). Of the patients reporting SDB, 48.6% were enuretic compared to 14.3% who did not (p<0.01). Incidence of painful crises per month was higher for the enuretic group (2.29 vs. 0.88, p<0.05) but the mean number of emergency admissions in the preceding 18 months was similar. Of the 14 regular blood transfusion patients, only one (7.1%) was currently enuretic compared to 14 out of 32 (40.6%) who were not receiving any treatment (p<0.05). Seven patients (13.4%) had albuminuria/proteinuria. (Table 2) There was no difference in albuminuria/proteinuria prevalence between the hydroxycarbamide or blood transfusion group compared to the non-treatment group. There was no difference in HbF percentage, systolic BP, frequency of emergency admissions, painful crises per month, haemoglobin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in patients with albuminuria/proteinuria and those without. The prevalence of haematuria increased with age; 6.7% in the 6-9 age category compared to 36.4% in the 16 to 17 age category (p=<0.05). Conclusions Nocturnal enuresis and albuminuria or proteinuria is prevalent at an early age in many children with SCD. Early identification and initiation of treatment such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors2 may delay onset of complications especially alongside beneficial sickle cell treatments such as hydroxycarbamide and regular blood transfusions. Questioning parents on enuresis, OAB and SDB sumptoms and undertaking regular urinalysis on younger age groups is a practical and cost-effective surveillance method. References 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for proteinuria and microalbuminuria in people with sickle cell disease Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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11

Cortina, Jorge. "Enuresis and its homoeopathic treatment." British Homeopathic Journal 83, no. 04 (1994): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80796-3.

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Abstract20 children suffering from enuresis were treated in an open trial with Ilex paraguensis (maté tea). The treatment lasted 2 months. The results were complete disappearance of the enuresis and improvement in the psychological symptoms in 50%. 10% of patients improved at the start of the treatment but relapsed. 40% did not respond to treatment.

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12

Brieger, P., S. Sommer, R. Blöink, and A. Marneros. "What becomes of children hospitalized for enuresis? Results of a catch-up study." European Psychiatry 16, no. 1 (2001): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00532-0.

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to reassess former child and adolescent psychiatric patients with nocturnal enuresis as young adults and to compare them with former patients without enuretic symptoms and with a comparison group from the general population.MethodWe used a ‘catch-up’ design. From a former child and adolescent psychiatric patient cohort we identified all subjects with documented enuretic symptoms in childhood and compared them with two groups matched for gender and age – non-enuretic patients and a comparison group from the general population. Subjects were assessed as adults with standardized instruments according to the criteria of ICD-10 (SCAN, IPDE) and dimensional values for depression, satisfaction with life, global functioning and personality (NEO-FFI).ResultsWe assessed 55 former patients with nocturnal enuresis (recruitment rate 68%) after a mean interval of 13.1 years. At catch-up the former enuretic patients had a lower frequency of personality disorders (ICD-10), lower mean depression values, higher global functioning and a lower rate of psychiatric treatment after the age of 18 years than did former non-enuretic patients. Former enuretic patients did not differ significantly from the comparison group from the general population concerning any of the outcome variables, although there was a non-significant trend for former enuretic patients to more often fulfill criteria for a psychiatric ICD-10 diagnosis at catch-up. There were no differences concerning personality among the three groups at catch-up.ConclusionAlthough it may constitute a mild vulnerability factor for further development, nocturnal enuresis had a good long-term outcome in a cohort of treated subjects.

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13

Traisman, Edward S. "Enuresis: Evaluation and Treatment." Pediatric Annals 44, no. 4 (2015): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20150410-03.

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14

Young, Gordon C. "Conditioning Treatment of Enuresis." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 7, no. 5 (2008): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1965.tb10965.x.

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15

Jacobson, Ann F., and Elizabeth H. Winslow. "Treatment for Nocturnal Enuresis." American Journal of Nursing 99, no. 11 (1999): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199911000-00018.

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16

&NA;. "Which treatment for enuresis?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 842 (1992): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208420-00027.

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17

Feeney, Daniel J., and William M. Klykylo. "SSRI TREATMENT OF ENURESIS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 10 (1997): 1326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199710000-00012.

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18

Lottmann, Henri. "Enuresis Treatment in France." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 33, no. 202 (1999): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365599950510265.

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19

Nevéus, Tryggve, Göran Läckgren, Torsten Tuvemo, Jerker Hetta, Kelm Hjälmås, and Arne Stenberg. "Enuresis - Background and Treatment." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 34, no. 6 (2000): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655900750071309.

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20

Nevéus, Tryggve, Göran Läckgren, Torsten Tuvemo, Hetta Jerker, Kelm Hjälmås, and Arne Stenberg. "Enuresis - Background and Treatment." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 34, no. 206 (2000): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655900750169257.

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21

Shapira, Bettina E., and Penny Dahlen. "Therapeutic Treatment Protocol for Enuresis Using an Enuresis Alarm." Journal of Counseling & Development 88, no. 2 (2010): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00017.x.

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22

Grinshpoon, A., M. Mark, A. Apter, et al. "Failure of fixed-dose verapamil treatment in adult sleep-related enuresis." European Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (1994): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800001838.

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SummaryCalcium channel blockers increase the capacity of the urinary bladder. The antienuretic activity of verapamil was examined in young adult enuretics. Eleven drug-free, healthy, sleep-related enuretic males, were treated for two weeks with verapamil (240 mg, per os, at 9 pm). Verapamil failed to display an antienuretic effect.

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23

Tobu, Shohei, Mitsuru Noguchi, Kohei Takahara, et al. "The Efficacy of a Transurethral Incision for Diurnal and Nocturnal Enuresis in Young Males." Current Urology 9, no. 2 (2015): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442858.

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Introduction: In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with a transurethral incision (TUI) for congenital urethral stenosis, which was accompanied by diurnal and nocturnal enuresis. Methods: We recruited 21 young males who presented to our department for the treatment of diurnal and nocturnal enuresis from January 2010 to March 2014. All patients underwent TUI due to urethral stricture found by a close investigation. We surveyed each case to evaluate the improvement of diurnal and/or nocturnal enuresis after TUI. Results: One and a half years after TUI, an improvement in diurnal enuresis was observed in 17 of 21 cases (80.9%), whereas that of nocturnal enuresis was observe in only 7 of 21 cases (33.3%), showing the significant contribution of TUI to the improvement of diurnal enuresis (p = 0.001). In the case of diurnal enuresis, continual improvement was observed more than a year after surgery, whereas no improvement was observed in nocturnal enuresis at more than 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: TUI is more effective for diurnal enuresis than nocturnal enuresis. At postoperative 6 months, clinicians should thus consider other etiologies for unresponsive cases and start other treatment options.

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24

Bradbury, MG, and SR Meadow. "Combined treatment with enuresis alarm and desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis." Acta Paediatrica 84, no. 9 (2008): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13818.x.

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25

Jerkovic, Ivan. "The influence of causal attribution of parents on developing the child enuresis." Psihologija 36, no. 1 (2003): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0301073j.

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Causal attributions are affirmed as a cognitive element able to explain emotional and motivational aspects of behaviour of some categories of adult psychiatric patients, primarily depressive ones. Theoretical and practical success of cognitive ideas in explaining the origination of depressive disorders, and in the monitoring of depressive patient treatment has led to further development of theory, but also to the attempt to apply the learning about causal attributions to various problems. Characteristic attempts are those that the problems of child abuse, children?s depression, upbringing problems, school failure, hyperactivity, enuresis, and long-term effects of different child treatment, too, are analysed from the point of view of causal attributions. By assessing parent causal attributions regarding child night urination, we wanted to establish to what extent specific attributions for child behaviour differentiate the parents of children having this problem from those parents whose children have established control. Parents were assessed in terms of four dimensions of causal attributions for child?s problem. Those are the dimensions of globality, counter-lability, internality, and the stability of the cause of child?s problem. The analysis of parent causal attributions show that mothers and fathers in both assessed groups similarly experience the cause of enuretic problems of their children. Enuresis is seen as caused by specific, internal, and instable causes. Such a system of dimensions could correspond to the belief that the main etiological factor of the enuresis is maturing. For more reliable verification of this attitude, longitudinal strategy in research is necessary, especially to comprehend whether parental attributions have been developed as an effect of persistent enuresis, or whether the enuresis is developed as an effect of parental attributions.

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26

Lukyantseva, Olga. "Individualized approach to treatment of children with enuresis based on gender diagnostic research." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 28, issue 1 (102) (March 25, 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/20790325-v28-is1-2020-4.

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The article substantiates the possibilities of an individualized approach to the treatment of neurosis-like enuresis based on the study of the gender characteristics of 90 children at the age from 6 to 17 years, among them 66 boys and 24 girls with various clinical options for enuresis. The research has proved that the diagnostic algorithm for examining children with neurosis-like enuresis should involve a bladder ultrasound with determination of the residual volume of urine and a bacteriological test of the urine for pathogenic fl ora with an antibiotic sensitivity test. It has been established that the boys predominantly had the hypotonic type of the bladder (57.58 ± 6.13) %, while among the girls the hypertonic type (58.3 ± 7.28) % prevailed. The author presents a varied approach to the examination and treatment of children with enuresis according to the hypotonic and hypertonic types of the bladder. It allows for the right therapy and increases the effectiveness of patients’ treatment. The application of the specific therapy with the drug nitrofuran derivatives is justified, which has proved its high bioavailability, effectiveness and safety as a monotherapy for bladder infections. Further, to improve the adaptive function of the bladder, improve microcirculation, and reduce hypoxia of detrusor, patients were prescribed 10 % solution of nicoti noyl gamma-aminobutyric acid in the form of ion-galvanic procedures on the lumbosacral spine. After treatment, a “hypotonic” type of bladder was diagnosed in 19 % of boys, 21 % of girls. After treatment, the frequency of enuresis episodes per night was significantly reduced. The frequency of enuresis several times a month, twice as often observed in girls. Twice less often, cases of enuresis were observed from once a month to once every 3—6 months. It is proved that the use of the drug nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid is effective and promising for the treatment of children with neurosis-like enuresis of the hypotonic type. Key words: individualized approach, children, enuresis, gender differences, nitrofuran derivatives, nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid, bladder ultrasound

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양유진, Sang Won Han, 김아영, and Kyong-Mee Chung. "Behavior treatment for diurnal enuresis." Korean Journal of Health Psychology 13, no. 1 (2008): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2008.13.1.011.

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28

Misawa, Masuto. "Ryodoraku Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis." Japanese Journal of Ryodoraku Medicine 38, no. 7 (1993): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17119/ryodoraku1986.38.182.

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29

Cox, Elizabeth. "Enuresis 2: management and treatment." British Journal of School Nursing 1, no. 2 (2006): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjsn.2006.1.2.22386.

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30

Nevéus, T., G. Bader, and U. Sillén. "Enuresis, sleep and desmopressin treatment." Acta Paediatrica 91, no. 10 (2007): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb00109.x.

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31

WAGNER, WILLIAM G., and REBA MATTHEWS. "The Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (1985): 22???26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-198502000-00005.

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32

Murray, Michael E. "Treatment of Enuresis with Paroxetine." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 18, no. 6 (1997): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199712000-00030.

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33

Friman, Patrick C., and Kevin M. Jones. "Behavioral treatment for nocturnal enuresis." Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention 2, no. 4 (2005): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100319.

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34

Kennea, Nigel L., and Jonathan H. C. Evans. "Drug Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis." Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy 4, no. 1 (2000): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/1463009001527679.

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35

Teets, Janet M. "Enuresis: Nursing Diagnoses and Treatment." Journal of Community Health Nursing 9, no. 2 (1992): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn0902_4.

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36

Dobson, Penny. "Enuresis Treatment in the UK." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 33, no. 202 (1999): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365599950510256.

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Robson, Wm Lane M. "Enuresis Treatment in the US." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 33, no. 202 (1999): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655999750169457.

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Nevéus, Tryggve, Eva Johansson, Kerstin Nydahl-Persson, Hans Peterson, and Sverker Hansson. "Diuretic treatment of nocturnal enuresis." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 39, no. 6 (2005): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365590500202469.

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39

El Hemaly, A. K. M. A. "Nocturnal enuresis: Pathogenesis and treatment." International Urogynecology Journal 9, no. 3 (1998): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02001079.

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40

Tuncel, Altug, Ilkay Mavituna, Varol Nalcacioglu, Umit Tekdogan, Burcin Uzun, and Ali Atan. "Long-term follow-up of enuretic alarm treatment in enuresis nocturna." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 42, no. 5 (2008): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365590802095678.

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41

Kwak, Kyung Won, Kwan Hyun Park, and Minki Baek. "The Efficacy of Enuresis Alarm Treatment in Pharmacotherapy-Resistant Nocturnal Enuresis." Urology 77, no. 1 (2011): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2010.06.050.

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42

Sharifi, Hosein, Mohammad Bagher Minaie, Mohammad Javad Qasemzadeh, Nematollah Ataei, Mohammad Gharehbeglou, and Mojtaba Heydari. "Topical use of Matricaria recutita L (Chamomile) Oil in the Treatment of Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Children." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 1 (2016): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215608989.

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Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of topical use of Matricaria recutita L oil in the treatment of enuresis in children. Methods. Eighty patients diagnosed as monosymptomatic nocturnal or daytime enuresis were allocated to receive Matricaria recutita L (chamomile) oil or placebo topically for 6 weeks in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with a parallel design. Patients were evaluated prior to and following 8 weeks of the intervention in terms of frequency of enuresis and any observed adverse events. Results. The mean frequency of enuresis at the first, second, and third 2 weeks was lower in the intervention group compared with the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < .001, P = .03, and P < .001, respectively). There was no report of any adverse event in the study groups. Conclusion. The findings of this study showed that the topical use of (chamomile) oil can decrease the frequency of nocturia in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal or daytime enuresis.

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Van Herzeele, Charlotte, Johan Vande Walle, Karlien Dhondt, and Kristian Vinter Juul. "Recent advances in managing and understanding enuresis." F1000Research 6 (October 24, 2017): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11303.1.

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Enuresis, particularly in children during sleep, can be a debilitating condition, affecting the quality of life of the child and his or her family. The pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis, though not clear, revolves around the inter-related mechanisms of overactive bladder, excessive nocturnal urine production, and sleep fragmentation. The first mechanism is more related to isolated nocturnal voiding, whereas the latter two are more related to nocturnal enuresis, in which circadian variations in arginine vasopressin hormone play a key role. A successful treatment would depend upon appropriately addressing the key factors precipitating nocturnal enuresis, necessitating an accurate diagnosis. Thus, advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment options play a key role in achieving overall success. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis, diagnostic tools, and treatment options which can be explored in the future.

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Hamilton, David I. "Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in a Boy with Down's Syndrome." Behaviour Change 5, no. 4 (1988): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007890.

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Primary nocturnal enuresis in a nine-year-old boy with Down's Syndrome was treated successfully with an enuresis alarm. A criterion of four consecutive dry weeks was reached after fourteen weeks and the child remained dry at six-month and twelve-month follow-up. Treatment included a gradual withdrawal phase. The study replicates others showing that a simple ‘bell and pad’ procedure can suffice. Client, family and procedural variables associated with success and failure of alarm treatments are discussed.

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Ahmadipour, S. H., M. Vakili, and S. Ahmadipour. "Phytotherapy for children's nocturnal enuresis." Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 6, no. 3 (2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v6i3.4.

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In a period of childhood, one of the issues that annoys the parents is their child's nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis is annoying not only for the family but for the children themselves. Conventional treatments for nocturnal enuresis lead to certain complications. Medicinal plants have a special status in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric diseases. In phytomedicine, certain medicinal plants and phytotherapies have been suggested to treat nocturnal enuresis. The purpose of this study is to review the most important medicinal plants for children's nocturnal enuresis. To conduct this review, we searched for relevant articles indexed in certain databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran and some data sites using the words nocturnal enuresis, children's urination, medicinal plants, and traditional medicine. Results have shown that Zingiber officinale, Valeriana officinalis, Alcea rosea, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum verum, Ribes uva-crispa, Cornus mas, Juglans regia, Vitis vinifera, Sinapis spp., Olea europaea, and Prunus cerasus are a number of important plants that are effective on nocturnal enuresis in traditional medicine and phytomedicine.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2017) 6(3), 23 - 29

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Kho, King Han, and Olaf Nielsen. "Clozapine-induced nocturnal enuresis: diagnostic and treatment issues." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 6 (2001): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.6.232.

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Aims and MethodTo report the management of three cases of clozapine-induced enuresis, by description of these cases and literature review.ResultsHeavy sedation, generalised epilepsy and diabetes mellitus induced by clozapine are some of the mechanisms that underlie the emergence of this side-effect.Clinical ImplicationsThese cases illustrate several different pathophysiological mechanisms necessitating further diagnostic investigations before adequate treatment can be started. Clozapine-induced enuresis is probably under-reported owing to the embarrassing nature of this side-effect.

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Kilongo, Nehemia, and Francis F. Furia. "Nocturnal enuresis among children in Morogoro region in Tanzania: A cross-sectional survey." Tanzania Medical Journal 31, no. 1 (2020): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tmj.v31i1.325.

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Background: Enuresis is common childhood disorders which affecting quality of life of children and causing significant psychosocial disturbances to children and their families. This condition has been widely reported globally with increasing data from sub-Saharan African region. In Tanzania there is no reports on its magnitude and therefore this study was carried out with the aim of determine the prevalence of this condition among children in Tanzania.Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among children aged between 5 and 14 years recruited from 12 streets in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. Standardized Swahili questionnaire was used to collect data including socio-demographic details of parents, children and presence of enuresis. Socio-demographic data included age of the child, sex, level of education of the parents, education of the child, presence of bed wetting, history of enuresis in the family.Results: Five hundred and ten children were recruited into this study out of which 271 (53.1%) were females and mean age of study participants was 9±2.8 years. Enuresis was noted in 19% (97/510) of children, 68% (66/97) and 32% (31/97) had primary and secondary enuresis respectively. Significantly higher prevalence rates of enuresis were noted for children aged below 8 years 26.4% (43/162) and those with family history of enuresis 47% (18/38) with p values of 0.01 and < 0.001 respectively. Forty-one (42.3%) out of 97 respondents whose children had enuresis reported to have punished their children and only 21.4% (20/97) reported to have sought treatment for their children.Conclusions: Enuresis is common among children in Tanzania particularly those with positive family history. Punishment to children with enuresis was noted in this study and only one in five parents/guardians sought treatment for their affected children. Therefore, there is a need for initiatives for raising community awareness about enuresis in Tanzania Key words: Enuresis in children, prevalence of enuresis in Tanzania, factors affecting enuresis in children.

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Kapić, Elvedina, Fahir Bečić, and Maida Todić. "Modern Approach in Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2005): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2005.3282.

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In this paper we have reviewed the possition of desmopressin in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of vasopressin, with more pronounced antidiuretic effect. It is treatment of choice in substitution therapy of diabetes insipidus. Its application before sleeping time can reduce nocturnal enuresis, so it has a place in the treatment of enuresis nocturna. Antidiuretic effect of desmopressin is the result of agonistic effect on V2 receptors in the renal tubules. The efficacy and safety of desmopressin in mentioned indications was confirmed in clinical studies.

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Atar, Murat, and Ahmet Ali Sancaktutar. "Non-Pharmocological Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis." Türk Üroloji Seminerleri/Turkish Urology Seminars 2, no. 2 (2011): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tus.2011.10.

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Pereira, Rodrigo F., Edwiges F. M. Silvares, and Paula F. Braga. "Behavioral alarm treatment for nocturnal enuresis." International braz j urol 36, no. 3 (2010): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382010000300010.

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