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Journal articles on the topic 'Envelope treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sun, Xiangjie, and Gary R. Whittaker. "Role for Influenza Virus Envelope Cholesterol in Virus Entry and Infection." Journal of Virology 77, no. 23 (2003): 12543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.23.12543-12551.2003.

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ABSTRACT Enveloped viruses are highly dependent on their lipid envelopes for entry into and infection of host cells. Here, we have examined the role of cholesterol in the virus envelope, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin depletion. Pretreatment of virions with methyl-β-cyclodextrin efficiently depleted envelope cholesterol from influenza virus and significantly reduced virus infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A nonenveloped virus, simian virus 40, was not affected by methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment. In the case of influenza virus, infectivity could be partially rescued by the addition of exogen

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2

Oterino, J., G. Sánchez Toranzo, L. Zelarayán, M. T. Ajmat, F. Bonilla, and M. I. Bühler. "Behaviour of the vitelline envelope in Bufo arenarum oocytes matured in vitro in blockade to polyspermy." Zygote 14, no. 2 (2006): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199406003662.

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SummaryDuring activation of amphibian eggs, cortical granule exocytosis causes elaborate ultrastructural changes in the vitelline envelope. These changes involve modifications in the structure of the vitelline envelope and formation of a fertilization envelope (FE) that can no longer be penetrated by sperm. In Bufo arenarum, as the egg traverses the oviduct, the vitelline envelope is altered by a trypsin-like protease secreted by the oviduct, which induces an increased susceptibility of the vitelline envelope to sperm lysins. Full-grown oocytes of B. arenarum, matured in vitro by progesterone,

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Whytock, S., R. D. Moir, and M. Stewart. "Selective digestion of nuclear envelopes from Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicles: possible structural role for the nuclear lamina." Journal of Cell Science 97, no. 3 (1990): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.97.3.571.

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We have used enzymic digestion as a structural probe to investigate components of the nuclear envelope of germinal vesicles from Xenopus oocytes. Previous studies have shown that these envelopes are composed of a double membrane in which nuclear pore complexes are embedded. The nuclear pore complexes are linked to a fibrous lamina that underlies the nucleoplasmic face of the envelope. The pores are also linked by pore-connecting fibrils that attach near their cytoplasmic face. Xenopus oocyte nuclear envelopes were remarkably resistant to extraction with salt solutions and, even after treatment

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Persad, A., S. Ahmed, R. Mercure-Cyr, K. Waterhouse, and AM Vitali. "P.098 Antibacterial envelopes prevent post-operative infections in neuromodulation surgery." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 50, s2 (2023): S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2023.193.

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Background: Neuromodulation unit placement can provide efficacious control of many neurological conditions. They are high risk for infection with a historic infection rate as high as 10%. Treatment of infection requires surgical removal and a long course of systemic antibiotics. <font size=”1”> </font>At our center, one surgeon uses antibacterial envelopes with all implanted neuromodulation devices. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive implantable pulse generator (IPG) and intrathecal pump unit implantation with an antibacterial envelope at our center.

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Xie, Xixian, and Feng Yang. "White spot syndrome virus VP24 interacts with VP28 and is involved in virus infection." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 7 (2006): 1903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81570-0.

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent pathogens causing high mortality in shrimp. Herein, the characterization of VP24, a major structural protein of WSSV, is described. When purified virions were subjected to Nonidet P-40 treatment to separate the envelopes from the nucleocapsids, VP24 was found to be present exclusively in the envelope fraction. Triton X-114 extraction also indicated that VP24 behaves as an envelope protein. Immunoelectron microscopy further confirmed that VP24 is located in the virion envelope. Far-Western experiments showed that VP24 interacts with V

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Wilson, K. L., and J. Newport. "A trypsin-sensitive receptor on membrane vesicles is required for nuclear envelope formation in vitro." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 1 (1988): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.1.57.

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The reformation of functioning organelles at the end of mitosis presents a problem in vesicle targeting. Using extracts made from Xenopus laevis frog eggs, we have studied in vitro the vesicles that reform the nuclear envelope. In the in vitro assay, nuclear envelope growth is linear with time. Furthermore, the final surface area of the nuclear envelopes formed is directly dependent upon the amount of membrane vesicles added to the assay. Egg membrane vesicles could be fractionated into two populations, only one of which was competent for nuclear envelope assembly. We found that vesicles activ

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7

Vigers, G. P., and M. J. Lohka. "Regulation of nuclear envelope precursor functions during cell division." Journal of Cell Science 102, no. 2 (1992): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.102.2.273.

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Previously, we have shown that nuclear envelope assembly in cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs requires two distinct vesicle-containing fractions, called Nuclear Envelope Precursor Fractions A and B (NEP-A and NEP-B). These fractions are characterized further in this paper and the manner in which they are regulated during metaphase is examined. Antisera against the NEP-B fraction recognized several proteins common to NEP-B and Xenopus oocyte or liver nuclei, but not to NEP-A or cytosol. A known glycoprotein component of the nuclear pore complex, p62, also co-fractionated with NEP-B, whereas th

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8

Pfaender, Stephanie, Janine Brinkmann, Daniel Todt, et al. "Mechanisms of Methods for Hepatitis C Virus Inactivation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 5 (2014): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03580-14.

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ABSTRACTVirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants is an important instrument for infection control in medical settings, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of several antiviral treatments on hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles as model for enveloped viruses. Studies were performed with authentic cell culture-derived viruses, and the influence of chemical disinfectants, heat, and UV treatment on HCV was analyzed by the determination of infectious particles in a limiting-dilution assay, by quantitative reverse transcriptio

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9

Raviv, Yossef, Mathias Viard, Julian W. Bess, Elena Chertova, and Robert Blumenthal. "Inactivation of Retroviruses with Preservation of Structural Integrity by Targeting the Hydrophobic Domain of the Viral Envelope." Journal of Virology 79, no. 19 (2005): 12394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.19.12394-12400.2005.

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ABSTRACT We describe a new approach for the preparation of inactivated retroviruses for vaccine application. The lipid domain of the viral envelope was selectively targeted to inactivate proteins and lipids therein and block fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane. In this way, complete elimination of the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) could be achieved with preservation of antigenic determinants on the surface of the viral envelope. Inactivation was accomplished by modification of proteins and lipids in the viral envelope us

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10

Wild, Peter, Andres Kaech, Elisabeth M. Schraner, Ladina Walser, and Mathias Ackermann. "Endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transitions upon herpes virus infection." F1000Research 6 (February 28, 2018): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12252.2.

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Background: Herpesvirus capsids are assembled in the nucleus, translocated to the perinuclear space by budding, acquiring tegument and envelope, or released to the cytoplasm via impaired nuclear envelope. One model proposes that envelopment, “de-envelopment” and “re-envelopment” is essential for production of infectious virus. Glycoproteins gB/gH were reported to be essential for de-envelopment, by fusion of the “primary” envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. Yet, a high proportion of enveloped virions generated from genomes with deleted gB/gH were found in the cytoplasm and extracellular

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Tarkowska, J. A. "Endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophy and nuclear envelope formation - a. postulate." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 48, no. 3 (2015): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.032.

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Dividing endosperm cells of <i>Haemanthus katherinae</i> Bak., treated with 0.025 per cent aqueous solution of a mixture of glycosides from <i>Nerium oleander</i> were examined in vitro in the light and in the electron microscope. A high hypertrophy of endoplasmic reticulum was noted. In prometaphase and metaphase, after treatment for about l h 45 min there appeared very narrow cisternae forming various configurations, frequently in parallel and concentric arrangement. On the membranes of these cisternae there are formed dark areas interpreted as pores characteristic fo

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Kaneda, Y., K. Kinoshita, M. Sato, K. Tanaka, and Y. Kaneda. "The analysis of 40 kDa nuclear protein, p40, in interphase cells and mitotic cells." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 3 (1993): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.3.741.

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We previously reported that the monoclonal antibody M108 recognized a 40 kDa protein both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This nuclear 40 kDa antigen was located in the nuclear envelope in interphase cells and in the perichromosomal region during mitosis. Now, we have analyzed this nuclear 40 kDa protein (p40) further, through morphological and biochemical approaches. At the beginning of mitosis, the perinuclear p40 detached from the nuclear envelope and moved to surround the condensing chromatin, while in the late stage of mitosis, the perichromosomal p40 moved back to the reassembled nucle

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Schulik, M., A. Johansen, B. Bitsch, and E. Lega. "Global 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of gas accretion: Opacity-dependent growth of Saturn-mass planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (December 2019): A118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935473.

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The full spatial structure and temporal evolution of the accretion flow into the envelopes of growing gas giants in their nascent discs is only accessible in simulations. Such simulations are constrained in their approach of computing the formation of gas giants by dimensionality, resolution, consideration of self-gravity, energy treatment and the adopted opacity law. Our study explores how a number of these parameters affect the measured accretion rate of a Saturn-mass planet. We present a global 3D radiative hydrodynamics framework using the FARGOCA-code. The planet is represented by a gravi

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Kariithi, Henry M., Jan W. M. van Lent, Sjef Boeren, et al. "Correlation between structure, protein composition, morphogenesis and cytopathology of Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 1 (2013): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.047423-0.

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The Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) is a dsDNA virus with rod-shaped, enveloped virions. Its 190 kb genome contains 160 putative protein-coding ORFs. Here, the structural components, protein composition and associated aspects of GpSGHV morphogenesis and cytopathology were investigated. Four morphologically distinct structures: the nucleocapsid, tegument, envelope and helical surface projections, were observed in purified GpSGHV virions by electron microscopy. Nucleocapsids were present in virogenic stroma within the nuclei of infected salivary gland cells, whereas

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Wild, Peter, Andres Kaech, Elisabeth M. Schraner, Ladina Walser, and Mathias Ackermann. "Endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transitions upon herpes virus infection." F1000Research 6 (October 5, 2017): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12252.1.

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Background: Herpesvirus capsids are assembled in the nucleus before they are translocated to the perinuclear space by budding, acquiring tegument and envelope, or releasing to the cytoplasm in a “naked” state via impaired nuclear envelope. One model proposes that envelopment, “de-envelopment” and “re-envelopment” are essential steps for production of infectious virus. Glycoproteins gB/gH were reported to be essential for de-envelopment, by fusion of the “primary” envelope with the outer nuclear membrane. Yet, a high proportion of enveloped virions generated from genomes with deleted gB/gH were

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16

Cai, Qian, Lei Chen, Changjun Wang, Jing Ren, and Siqi Wang. "Research on evaluation methods for thermal bridge treatment measures for building envelopes." E3S Web of Conferences 528 (2024): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452802018.

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Along with the promotion of low-carbon and zero carbon buildings such as ultra-low energy buildings, near zero energy buildings, and zero energy buildings, there is higher and higher demand to the thermal performance of building envelopes. Thermal bridges have a crucial impact on the thermal performance of building envelope structures. In order to achieve the goal of energy conservation and carbon dioxide reduction in building structures, it is necessary to conduct refined calculations and evaluations on thermal bridge treatment measures. In this paper, three thermal bridge treatment measures

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Huang, Nan-Chieh, Wan-Ting Hung, Wei-Lun Tsai, et al. "Ficus septicaplant extracts for treating Dengue virusin vitro." PeerJ 5 (June 8, 2017): e3448. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3448.

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Dengue virus types 1-4 (DENV-1-4) are positive-strand RNA viruses with an envelope that belongs to theFlaviviridae. DENV infection threatens human health worldwide. However, other than supportive treatments, no specific therapy is available for the infection. In order to discover novel medicine against DENV, we tested 59 crude extracts, without cytotoxicity, from 23 plantsin vitro; immunofluorescence assay revealed that the methanol extracts of fruit, heartwood, leaves and stem fromFicus septicaBurm. f. had a promising anti-DENV-1 and DENV-2 effect. However, infection with the non-envelopepico

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Yasa, I. Putu Merta, Anak Agung Ngurah Putra Laksana, Eduardus Soni, I. Made Darmada, I. Kadek Yudha Pranata, and I. Gede Agus Adi Saputra. "Pengaruh Latihan Lari Amplop terhadap Kelincahan Atlet Shorinji Dojo Weleng Manggarai." Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 22, 2022): 175–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5893087.

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Agility is one of the factors that determine the achievement of Shorinji Kempo athletes, so a more effective training method is needed on agility through movements. envelope running exercise is an exercise to improve agility. This study aims to prove envelope running training in improving the agility of Shorinji Kempo Dojo Weleng Mangarai athletes. This type of research is experimental with a randomized pre-test and post-test with control groups design. The research subjects were athletes from Shorinji Kempo Dojo Weleng Mangarai, totaling 20 people and divided into two different groups. The tr

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19

Sukovich, Jonathan R., Zhen Xu, Timothy L. Hall, Steven P. Allen, and Charles A. Cain. "Treatment envelope of transcranial histoptripsy applied without aberration correction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (2016): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4969403.

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De Vetter, L., J. Van den Bulcke, and J. Van Acker. "Envelope treatment of wood based materials with concentrated organosilicons." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 69, no. 3 (2010): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0448-4.

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Whalen, Carol K. "ADHD Treatment in the 21st Century: Pushing the Envelope." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 30, no. 1 (2001): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3001_17.

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Ariff, Azlan Ariff Ali, Sabarinah Sheikh Ahmad, and Mohd Aljefri Hussin. "Green envelope as an architectural strategy for energy efficiency in a library building." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926601004.

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In the context of Malaysian tropical climate, green envelope functions to provide satisfying indoor environment and achieve the best performance with minimal energy consumption. Buildings that rely on air-conditioning to improve thermal comfort could benefit from green envelope potentials. Hence, the objective of this paper is to explore the impacts of various types of green envelope towards reducing the energy consumption of a two-storey library building. The methodology approach is quantitative and data are collected through building simulation using Revit Building Information Modelling (BIM

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Fernandez-Espla, María Dolores, Peggy Garault, Véronique Monnet, and Françoise Rul. "Streptococcus thermophilus Cell Wall-Anchored Proteinase: Release, Purification, and Biochemical and Genetic Characterization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2000): 4772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4772-4778.2000.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ 385 expresses a cell envelope proteinase (PrtS), which is characterized in the present work, both at the biochemical and genetic levels. Since PrtS is resistant to most classical methods of extraction from the cell envelopes, we developed a three-step process based on loosening of the cell wall by cultivation of the cells in the presence of glycine (20 mM), mechanical disruption (with alumina powder), and enzymatic treatment (lysozyme). The pure enzyme is a serine proteinase highly activated by Ca2+ ions. Its activity was optimal at 37°C and pH 7.5 with

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Sinn, Patrick L., Erin R. Burnight, Melissa A. Hickey, Gary W. Blissard, and Paul B. McCray. "Persistent Gene Expression in Mouse Nasal Epithelia following Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Vector Gene Transfer." Journal of Virology 79, no. 20 (2005): 12818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.20.12818-12827.2005.

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ABSTRACT Gene transfer development for treatment or prevention of cystic fibrosis lung disease has been limited by the inability of vectors to efficiently and persistently transduce airway epithelia. Influenza A is an enveloped virus with natural lung tropism; however, pseudotyping feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-based lentiviral vector with the hemagglutinin envelope protein proved unsuccessful. Conversely, pseudotyping FIV with the envelope protein from influenza D (Thogoto virus GP75) resulted in titers of 106 transducing units (TU)/ml and conferred apical entry into well-differentiated

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Longo, Frank J., Mark Woerner, Kazuyoshi Chiba, and Motonori Hoshi. "Cortical changes in starfish (Asterina pectinifera) oocytes during 1-methyladenine-induced maturation and fertilisation/activation." Zygote 3, no. 3 (1995): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400002628.

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SummaryMaturation of the starfish oocyte cortex to produce an effective cortical granule reaction and fertilisation envelope is believed to develop in three phases: (1) pre-methyladenine (1-MA) stimulation; (2) post-1-MA stimulation, pregerminal vesicle breakdown; and (3) post-germinal vesicle breakdown. The present study was initiated to identify what each of these phases may encompass, specifically with respect to structures associated with the oocyte cortex, including cortical granules, microvilli and vitelline layer. 1-MA treatment brought about an orientation of cortical granules such tha

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Gorse, Geoffrey J., Ramona E. Simionescu, and Gira B. Patel. "Cellular Immune Responses in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and Effects of Vaccination with Recombinant Envelope Glycoprotein of HIV-1." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 1 (2006): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.1.26-32.2006.

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ABSTRACT Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant envelope glycoprotein vaccines on cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were assessed in HIV-1-infected patients. Asymptomatic, antiretroviral-treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts greater than 400/μl received multiple intramuscular injections of HIV-1 IIIB recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) vaccine or HIV-1 MN recombinant envelope glycoprotein (rgp120) vaccine (eight patients, referred to as the HIV-1 vaccinees) or placebo or hepatitis B vaccine (three patients, referred to as the co

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Hirai, Ryosuke, and Ilya Mandel. "A Two-stage Formalism for Common-envelope Phases of Massive Stars." Astrophysical Journal Letters 937, no. 2 (2022): L42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac9519.

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Abstract We propose a new simple formalism to predict the orbital separations after common-envelope phases with massive-star donors. We focus on the fact that massive red supergiants tend to have a sizable radiative layer between the dense helium core and the convective envelope. Our formalism treats the common-envelope phase in two stages: dynamical inspiral through the outer convective envelope and thermal timescale mass transfer from the radiative intershell. With fiducial choices of parameters, the new formalism typically predicts much wider separations compared to the classical energy for

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Singh, Richa, Itika Varshney, D. S. Chauhan, and Tulika Prasad. "Cell Envelope Thickening: A Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 19671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19671ecst.

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Emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is recognized as an alarming threat to public health and it limits the number of compounds available for treatment of global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. MDR is defined as resistance to at least two first line drugs, e.g. Rifampicin and Isoniazid, used commonly for the treatment of this disease. Multi-drug resistance may be due to presence of a thick, hydrophobic, impermeable, and waxy cell envelope (cell wall and cell membrane combined together). The present study investigated the cell envelope thickness in Rif

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Lo, K. Y., and K. S. Ho. "The effects of electroosmotic field treatment on the soil properties of a soft sensitive clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (1991): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-093.

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A field test was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the electroosmotic strengthening of the soft sensitive (Champlain Sea) clay in the Gloucester Test Fill site by using specially designed copper electrodes to improve treatment efficiency. Tube samples, 127 mm in diameter, were recovered before and after field treatment for detailed laboratory tests. Isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests with pore-pressure measurements were performed. It was found that the failure envelope after treatment was significantly higher than the initial envelope, indicating that the strength in t

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Yager and Konan. "Sphingolipids as Potential Therapeutic Targets against Enveloped Human RNA Viruses." Viruses 11, no. 10 (2019): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100912.

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Several notable human diseases are caused by enveloped RNA viruses: influenza, AIDS, hepatitis C, dengue hemorrhagic fever, microcephaly, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome. Being enveloped, the life cycle of this group of viruses is critically dependent on host lipid biosynthesis. Viral binding and entry involve interactions between viral envelope glycoproteins and cellular receptors localized to lipid-rich regions of the plasma membrane. Subsequent infection by these viruses leads to reorganization of cellular membranes and lipid metabolism to support the production of new viral particles. Recent w

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Schönberner, Detlef, and Matthias Steffen. "The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 209 (2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900208401.

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We review our present knowledge about the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae and discuss the relevant processes responsible in creating and shaping planetary nebulae out of a cool AGB wind envelope. Based on 1D simulations we show that a hydrodynamical treatment along the upper AGB leads quite naturally to more realistic starting configurations for planetaries with density slopes steeper than r−2. Taking into account photoionization and wind interaction in a realistic manner, the hydrodynamics of post-AGB wind envelopes leads to density structures and velocity fields in close resembl

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Aris, J. P., and G. Blobel. "Yeast nuclear envelope proteins cross react with an antibody against mammalian pore complex proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 6 (1989): 2059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.6.2059.

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We have used a monoclonal antibody raised against rat liver nuclear proteins to study two cross-reactive proteins in the yeast nucleus. In rat liver, this monoclonal antibody, mAb 414, binds to nuclear pore complex proteins, including one of molecular weight 62,000 (Davis, L. I., and G. Blobel. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:7552-7556). In yeast, mAb 414 cross reacts by immunoblotting with two proteins that have apparent molecular weights of 110,000 and 95,000, and are termed p110 and p95, respectively. Examination of subcellular fractions by immunoblotting shows that both p110 and p95 a

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Lopez, J. Alberto. "Treatment of an Infected Pacemaker Pocket With an Antimicrobial Envelope." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 89, no. 5 (2010): 1639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.09.080.

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Op De Beeck, Anne, Cécile Voisset, Birke Bartosch, et al. "Characterization of Functional Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoproteins." Journal of Virology 78, no. 6 (2004): 2994–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.6.2994-3002.2004.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, that assemble as a noncovalent heterodimer which is mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Because assembly into particles and secretion from the cell lead to structural changes in viral envelope proteins, characterization of the proteins associated with the virion is necessary in order to better understand how they mature to be functional in virus entry. There is currently no efficient and reliable cell culture system to amplify HCV, and the envelope glycoproteins associated with the virion have therefore n

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Zhao, Xuesen, Fang Guo, Mary Ann Comunale, et al. "Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Glucosidases Impairs Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63 Spike Protein-Mediated Entry by Altering the Glycan Processing of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme 2." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 1 (2014): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03999-14.

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ABSTRACTEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, like viral envelope proteins

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Hyllner, Sven Johan, Birgitta Norberg, and Carl Haux. "Isolation, Partial Characterization, Induction, and the Occurrence in Plasma of the Major Vitelline Envelope Proteins in the Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) during Sexual Maturation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 8 (1994): 1700–1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-171.

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The vitelline envelope of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is composed mainly of two major and two minor proteins. Estradiol-17ß induces the two major vitelline envelope proteins in halibut of both sexes. These proteins were also found in plasma of vitellogenic females. The origin of the two major vitelline envelope proteins is not restricted to the ovary, as male halibut synthesize these proteins after treatment with estradiol-17ß. Individual female halibut were followed and plasma sampled from May to March. Plasma levels of estradiol-17ß increased in October, peaked in early Febr

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Goodall, Emily C. A., Georgia L. Isom, Jessica L. Rooke, et al. "Loss of YhcB results in dysregulation of coordinated peptidoglycan, LPS and phospholipid synthesis during Escherichia coli cell growth." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 12 (2021): e1009586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009586.

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The cell envelope is essential for viability in all domains of life. It retains enzymes and substrates within a confined space while providing a protective barrier to the external environment. Destabilising the envelope of bacterial pathogens is a common strategy employed by antimicrobial treatment. However, even in one of the best studied organisms, Escherichia coli, there remain gaps in our understanding of how the synthesis of the successive layers of the cell envelope are coordinated during growth and cell division. Here, we used a whole-genome phenotypic screen to identify mutants with a

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Huang, Honglan, Yongmei Li, Tomohiko Sadaoka, et al. "Human herpesvirus 6 envelope cholesterol is required for virus entry." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 2 (2006): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81551-0.

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In this study, the role of cholesterol in the envelope of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was examined by using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) depletion. When cholesterol was removed from HHV-6 virions with MβCD, infectivity was abolished, but it could be rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. HHV-6 binding was affected slightly by MβCD treatment. In contrast, envelope cholesterol depletion markedly affected HHV-6 infectivity and HHV-6-induced cell fusion. These results suggest that the cholesterol present in the HHV-6 envelope plays a prominent role in the fusion process and is a key com

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Ullrich, Christina K., Jerome E. Groopman, and Ramesh K. Ganju. "HIV-1 gp120- and gp160-induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells is mediated by caspases." Blood 96, no. 4 (2000): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.4.1438.

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Abstract The immune dysfunction and cell destruction that occur in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected host appear to result from the direct cytopathic effects of viral infection and the effects of viral proteins on uninfected bystander cells. Recently, the α-chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been reported to mediate apoptosis in neuronal cells and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after its binding to HIV-1 envelope proteins. In the current study, it was observed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) undergo apoptosis after their treatment with the HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120/16

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Ullrich, Christina K., Jerome E. Groopman, and Ramesh K. Ganju. "HIV-1 gp120- and gp160-induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells is mediated by caspases." Blood 96, no. 4 (2000): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.4.1438.h8001438_1438_1442.

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The immune dysfunction and cell destruction that occur in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected host appear to result from the direct cytopathic effects of viral infection and the effects of viral proteins on uninfected bystander cells. Recently, the α-chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been reported to mediate apoptosis in neuronal cells and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after its binding to HIV-1 envelope proteins. In the current study, it was observed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) undergo apoptosis after their treatment with the HIV-1 envelope proteins gp120/160. Anti-C

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Denost, Quentin, and Eric Rullier. "Intersphincteric Resection Pushing the Envelope for Sphincter Preservation." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 30, no. 05 (2017): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606114.

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AbstractDuring the last 15 years, a significant evolution has emerged in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer and restoration of bowel continuity has been one of the main goals. For many years the treatment of distal rectal cancer would necessarily require an abdominoperineal resection and end colostomy. The surgical procedure of intersphincteric resection has been proposed to offer sphincter preservation in patients with low rectal cancer and has been legitimized if executed according to adequate oncologic criteria. This article will discuss the best indications, technical aspects, functio

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Khan, Mahfuz, Minerva Garcia-Barrio, and Michael D. Powell. "Restoration of Wild-Type Infectivity to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains Lacking nef by Intravirion Reverse Transcription." Journal of Virology 75, no. 24 (2001): 12081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.24.12081-12087.2001.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein exerts several effects, both on infected cells and as a virion protein, which work together to enhance viral replication. One of these activities is the ability to enhance infectivity and the formation of proviral DNA. The mechanism of this enhancement remains incompletely understood. We show that virions with nef deleted can be restored to wild-type infectivity by stimulating intravirion reverse transcription. Particle composition and measures of reverse transcriptase activity remain the same for Nef+ and Nef− virions both befor

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Tatarūnas, Vacis, Ieva Čiapienė, and Agnė Giedraitienė. "Precise Therapy Using the Selective Endogenous Encapsidation for Cellular Delivery Vector System." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 2 (2024): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16020292.

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Interindividual variability in drug response is a major problem in the prescription of pharmacological treatments. The therapeutic effect of drugs can be influenced by human genes. Pharmacogenomic guidelines for individualization of treatment have been validated and used for conventional dosage forms. However, drugs can often target non-specific areas and produce both desired and undesired pharmacological effects. The use of nanoparticles, liposomes, or other available forms for drug formulation could help to overcome the latter problem. Virus-like particles based on retroviruses could be a po

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Liaw, Johnny Joung-Lin, and Daniel Wei-Yee Wang. "Paradigm shifts in orthodontic treatment with mini-implant anchorage." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (February 24, 2015): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.152053.

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After the applications of mini-implant anchorage, the envelope of orthodontic treatment was expanded and some treatment modes were changed because of more predictable tooth movement with empowered anchorage. The author tried to share his experience of TADs applications for clarifying the paradigm shifts of orthodontic treatment assisted with the mini-implant anchorage.

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Dorne, A. J., J. Joyard, M. A. Block, and R. Douce. "Localization of phosphatidylcholine in outer envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 5 (1985): 1690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.5.1690.

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We have examined the effects of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus on the extent of phospholipid hydrolysis in envelope membrane vesicles and in intact chloroplasts. When isolated envelope vesicles were incubated in presence of phospholipase C, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, but not phosphatidylinositol, were totally converted into diacylglycerol if they were available to the enzyme (i.e., when the vesicles were sonicated in presence of phospholipase C). These experiments demonstrate that phospholipase C can be used to probe the availability of phosphatidylcholine and phosphat

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Kassa, Aemro, Andrés Finzi, Marie Pancera, Joel R. Courter, Amos B. Smith, and Joseph Sodroski. "Identification of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Variant Resistant to Cold Inactivation." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (2009): 4476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02110-08.

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ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimer consists of gp120 and gp41 subunits and undergoes a series of conformational changes upon binding to the receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, that promote virus entry. Surprisingly, we found that the envelope glycoproteins of some HIV-1 strains are functionally inactivated by prolonged incubation on ice. Serial exposure of HIV-1 to extremes of temperature, followed by expansion of replication-competent viruses, allowed selection of a temperature-resistant virus. The envelope glycoproteins of this virus resisted col

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Parikesit, Arli Aditya, Hilyatuzzahroh ., Andreas S. Nugroho, Amalia Hapsari, and Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan. "THE COMPUTATION OF CYCLIC PEPTIDE WITH PROLIN-PROLIN BOND AS FUSION INHIBITOR OF DENV ENVELOPE PROTEIN THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.185.

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<p>A disease that caused by dengue virus (DENV) has become the major health problem of the world. Nowadays, no effective treatment is available to overcome the disease due to the level of dengue virus pathogeneses. A novel treatment method such as antiviral drug is highly necessary for coping with the dengue disease. Envelope protein is one of the non-structural proteins of DENV, which engaged in the viral fusion process. It penetrates into the host cell to transfer its genetic material into the targeted cell followed by replication and establishment of new virus. Thus, the envelope prot

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Kiszka, Irena, Dariusz Kmieciak, Jaroslaw Gzyl, et al. "Effect of the V3 Loop Deletion of Envelope Glycoprotein on Cellular Responses and Protection against Challenge with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing gp160 of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates." Journal of Virology 76, no. 9 (2002): 4222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.9.4222-4232.2002.

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ABSTRACT The magnitude and breadth of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein from which the hypervariable V3 loop had been deleted (ΔV3) were evaluated in the HLA-A2/Kb transgenic mice. It was demonstrated that vaccines expressing the ΔV3 mutant of either HIV-1IIIB or HIV-189.6 envelope glycoprotein induced broader CD8+ T-cell activities than those elicited by the wild-type (WT) counterparts. Specifically, the differences were associated with higher responses to conserved HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes of the envelope glyc

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Soussan, Patrick, Stanislas Pol, Florianne Garreau, Christian Bréchot, and Dina Kremsdorf. "Vaccination of chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with preS2/S envelope protein is not associated with the emergence of envelope escape mutants." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 2 (2001): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-2-367.

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PreS2/S vaccination of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers led to a reduction in HBV replication or clearance of virus in 30% of treated patients. This study assessed whether vaccinotherapy of chronic HBV carriers induced the selection of escape mutants in the envelope ‘a’ determinant and whether envelope genetic variability might affect the response to vaccination. No amino acid differences were observed in the ‘a’ determinant between sequences obtained before and after treatment (five responders and seven non-responders). However, alignment with HBV prototype sequences revealed seven am

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Shimojima, Masayuki, Satoko Sugimoto, Kunihiko Umekita, et al. "Neutralizing mAbs against SFTS Virus Gn Protein Show Strong Therapeutic Effects in an SFTS Animal Model." Viruses 14, no. 8 (2022): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081665.

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an infectious disease with a high case fatality rate caused by the SFTS virus, and currently there are no approved specific treatments. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the virus could be a therapeutic agent in SFTS treatment, but their development has not sufficiently been carried out. In the present study, mouse and human mAbs exposed to the viral envelope proteins Gn and Gc (16 clones each) were characterized in vitro and in vivo by using recombinant proteins, cell culture with viruses, and an SFTS animal model with IFNA

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