Academic literature on the topic 'Environment Cartography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environment Cartography"
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Bardinet, Claude. "Commission télédétection et cartographie de l'environnement (Télédétection and environment cartography)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 73, no. 3 (1996): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1996.1922.
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Оzenda, P. "Vegetation cartography and phytoecological mapping in Laboratory of vegetation biology of the Alps of the Grenoble University." Geobotanical mapping, no. 1996 (1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/1996.31.
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Vegetation cartography is one of the biological disciplines which achieved an outstanding success in the second half of the 20th century. French vegetation cartography appreciably contributed to the development of this field of science. A perceptible share in this contribution belongs to the Laboratory of vegetation biology of the J. Fourier University in Grenoble (now the Laboratory of alpine ecosystems). In the paper different stages of the development of cartographic investigations are considered along with the methodical and theoretical problems and the applied aspects of vegetation mapping. The basic statements of the author are as follows: the map is not a final result of investigation but a tool for analysis of environment, it provides the basis for applied aspects of ecology. During 25 years the thematic edition «Documents de Cartographie Ecologique» was being published that had been devoted to the problems of vegetation cartography and of ecological mapping of the Alps and other mountain systems. This edition is really a data bank. In conclusion the author emphasized that the modern development of thematic mapping depends not only on the technic progress but first of all on the methodological progress which initiates new concepts as a result of intellectual efforts.
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Louis, Renee Pualani. "Indigenous Hawaiian Cartographer: In Search Of Common Ground." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 48 (June 1, 2004): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp48.456.
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Maps, and the ability to spatially organize the place we live, are basic necessities of human survival and may very well be “one of the oldest forms of human communication”. Whether they are derived from scientific or mythological impetus, maps do the same thing – they tell stories of the relationships between people and their places of importance. Every map is a blending of experience, theoretical concepts, and technical craftsmanship; “constructions of reality”; representations of the environment as seen by the societies that create them. The way people experience their environment and express their relationship with it is directly linked to their epistemology, which in turn indicates how knowledge is processed and used. Indigenous and Western science share many similar characteristics, yet are distinctly different in ways that affect how geographical information is communicated. Hawaiian cartography is an “incorporating culture” that privileges processes such as mo‘olelo (stories), oli (chant), ‘ölelo no‘eau (proverbs), hula (dance), mele (song) and mo‘o kü ‘auhau (genealogy). This article describes and defines Hawaiian cartography, identifies the internal struggles an academic Indigenous Hawaiian cartographer shares with other Indigenous scholars attempting to negotiate different epistemologies, and presents three autoethnographic Hawaiian cartographic projects that are necessary steps in resolving the differences between Western and Indigenous epistemologies.
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Medyńska-Gulij, Beata, David Forrest, and Paweł Cybulski. "Modern Cartographic Forms of Expression: The Renaissance of Multimedia Cartography." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070484.
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This article summarizes the Special Issue of “Multimedia Cartography”. We present three main research fields in which multimedia cartography and the study of the effectiveness of multimedia maps are currently taking place. In each of these fields, we describe how published research is embedded in the broader context of map design and user studies. The research refers to contemporary technological trends such as web HTML5 standards, virtual reality, eye tracking, or 3D printing. Efficiency, performance, and usability studies of multimedia maps were also included. The research published in this issue is interdisciplinary. They combine traditional mapping methods with new technologies. They are searching for new places for cartography in, e.g., the environment of computer games. They combine the design of the map with its perception by users.
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Poshivaylo, Yaroslava G. "ANALYSIS of STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A DIGITAL THEMATIC MAP." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-2-62-67.
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Over the past decades, cartography has undergone significant changes, where a digital form of cartographic information prevails has arisen, which in turn led to a change in the structure of a map. Basic software environment where thematic digital maps are created are analyzed. The structural elements of a digital thematic map created in various software environment are analyzed. Invariance of map elements is regarded.
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Maksymova, Yuliia, and Oleksii Boiko. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 93,2021, no. 93 (June 23, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2021.93.059.
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Purpose. The aim of the research is to develop fuzzy impact models of the natural and anthropogenic influence, which allows to integrate different physical factors, which makes it possible to bring them to a single environmental assessment system and comparison of different assessed areas. Methodology. The basis of the proposed modeling is a traditional approach on the development of such models, which includes conceptual, logical and physical modeling levels. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used for conceptual modeling level, which is recommended as the main modeling tool in the set of international standards in geographic information / geomatics and software that supports the interactive mode of UML diagrams creation Visio. The geospatial database and SQL-functions are implemented and the extension of the standard SQL-99 language with a new data type geometry and built-in functions which provides storage, processing and analysis of geospatial data in database management systems is used. The proposed models are realized in the environment of object-relational DBMS PostgreSQl / Postgis and geographic information system QGIS. Results. A review of the experience of using fuzzy logic to assess the state of the environment is done. Technological models for computation of indicators of administrative unit provision by social infrastructure objects, influence of greenery, industrial territories and transport on the environment are offered and realized. An example of approbation of the proposed approach based on OpenStreetMaps open data for the Popasnianskyi distinct of Luhansk region territory is given. Scientific novelty. Theoretical generalizations are made and practical results are received of resolving applied problem of the development of the fuzzy impact assessment model of various factors influence on the environment with use of GIS. Such assessment can be used at the stage of community spatial development strategies preparation to determine the most acceptable development version, as well as to unify the means of strategies implementation monitoring, organically linking local, national and global tasks. Practical significance. The application of the proposed approach of GRID modeling and fuzzy impact assessment use in assessing the quality of the environment allows to integrate different indicators, compare them, by bringing them into a single evaluation system.
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Chibryakov, Ya Yu. "Theoretical aspects of transport cartography." Geodesy and Cartography 932, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-932-2-48-58.
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The purpose of the article is to justify transport cartography as a special scientific field. The versatility of transport as an object of research leads to its socio-economic and technical aspects being studied by various sciences. The history of this field of knowledge is considered briefly in order to understand the place transport cartography occupies in the system of sciences, and its periodization has been carried out from the 1830s to today. When determining the position of transport cartography in the system of sciences, the core of this scientific direction is identified – it is the condominium of transport geography and the general theory of cartography, as well as its environment – a set of sciences attracted by transport cartography for studying reality. The disciplines allied to transport geography – such as population geography and general economic geography, as well as transport statistics, space researches, the ecology of transport, mathematics, general systems theory and the history of transport are taken as the environment. The boundaries of transport cartography as a scientific direction are delineated; its subject of study and eight major tasks are defined.
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Brandolini, Pierluigi, Francesco Faccini, Guido Paliaga, and Pietro Piana. "Urban Geomorphology in Coastal Environment: Man-Made Morphological Changes in a Seaside Tourist Resort (Rapallo, Eastern Liguria, Italy)." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0027.
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AbstractThis research focuses on the reconstruction of the morphological modifications of the coastal floodplain of Rapallo (Eastern Liguria, NW Italy) due to human intervention since the eighteenth century. By the second half of the nineteenth century Rapallo became a popular tourist destination: as a consequence, the urban development of the floodplain started and became very intense after Second World War, strongly modifying former landforms.The study was carried out using multi-temporal cartographic and photographic comparison, the analysis of geo-thematic cartography and documentation from the Basin Master Plan and the town plan of Rapallo, the interpretation of cores from regional database and field data from direct urban surveys. Man-made landforms were mapped and classified using the new geomorphological legend which is in progress in the framework of the Working Groups on “Cartography” and “Urban Geomorphology” of the Italian Association of Physical Geography and Geomorphology (AIGEO).The main significant morphological changes were stream diversions and channeling, excavations and filling, quarry activities, embankments along the shoreline and overurbanization. Human interventions, in addition to local geomorphological and climate features, increased flood hazard and risk, which historically affected the city of Rapallo.
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Parlavecchia, Marco, Simone Pascuzzi, Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, Francesco Santoro, and Giuseppe Ruggiero. "Use of GIS to Evaluate Minor Rural Buildings Distribution Compared to the Communication Routes in a Part of the Apulian Territory (Southern Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 4700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174700.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between minor rural buildings and the most relevant communication routes of the regional area made up of six municipalities which, until 2016, formed the Local Action Group Sud Est Barese (LAG SEB): Acquaviva delle Fonti, Casamassima, Conversano, Mola di Bari, and Noicattaro e Rutigliano (Apulia, Italy). Information on the territorial distribution and typological classification of buildings was obtained by the official cartography of Military Geographic Institute (IGM, 1:25,000) and the Regional Technical Map (CTR, 1:5000) using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software ArcMap ArcGis 10.1. IGM cartography was chosen due to the greater amount of information pertaining to typological classification as well as to toponymy identification. CTR cartography, used as a second cartographic source, has been useful for acquiring more up-to-date territorial information compared to the IGM, in particular concerning the infrastructures of the territory. Moreover, the use of the CTR has allowed us to verify whether buildings listed on IGM cartography still exist. The cartographic calculations have allowed us to investigate possible relationships between the typology and distribution of rural buildings and the network of public roads and urban centers. The study of the connection between building types, roads and urban centers has allowed us to better understand the spatial distribution criteria, thus acquiring useful information to outline intervention policies, the implementation of which would be used to attempt to recover and improve building structures.
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Meidinger, Manuel, Markantonatou Vasiliki, Marcello Sano, Marco Palma, and Massimo Ponti. "Seafloor mapping and cartography for the management of marine protected areas." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 4, no. 2 (November 20, 2013): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2013.5340.
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Geographical information systems (GIS) and diagnostic cartography have traditionally been shown to be useful tools for the application of ecosystem-based management (EBM). To date, bionomic and diagnostic cartographic approaches have been commonly used to support decision-making in the selection, zoning and management of marine protected areas (MPAs), with a range of practical tools developed for this purpose. In addition to these, new and emerging technologies have the potential for generating better information for scientists, managers and other stakeholders alike, such as underwater survey tools, three dimensional (3D) visualisation systems and interactive web platforms. These new methodologies allow taking into account the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of the marine environment, to be managed for conservation. This paper reviews emerging and innovative technologies for marine mapping and marine spatial planning with a special focus on their use in MPA management. These include the generation and use of benthic cartography, scientific visualisation of ecosystem analyses, web-based GIS platforms and their final use as decision-support tools. Seafloor mapping technology has been improved and become more affordable for local scale MPA management purposes. However, the lack of coherent local scale spatial data still remains an issue, limiting the power of diagnostic cartography analyses within MPAs. The proposed framework can improve the generation and dissemination of cartographic and visual data, and allow for management approaches based on scientific knowledge and EBM principles, taking into account stakeholders needs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environment Cartography"
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Khefifi, Hajer. "Etudes physiologiques et génétiques de caractères morpho-physico-chimiques des fruits d’agrumes au cours de la maturation jusqu’à l’abscission." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0013/document.
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Le contrôle de la qualité des fruits est un objectif de recherche agronomique, génétique mais également de production. La notion de qualité est cruciale pour les fruits destinés au commerce du fruit frais. Chez les agrumes, fruitier non climactérique, elle est définie sur l'arbre et utilisée pour déclencher la récolte qui doit précéder l'abscission des fruits. Néanmoins cette chute de fruit est parfois très proche du stade de maturité et occasionne donc des pertes du fait de délais trop courts pour assurer la récolte. Ceci est généralement observé chez les orangers cultivés en Espagne et en Tunisie. Par ailleurs, la qualité d'un agrume est souvent définie par la couleur de peau, la taille du fruit, l'absence de pépin, l'arôme et les teneurs en jus, en sucres et en acidité. Si l'absence de pépin peut être obtenue par la mutation induite ou par la triploïdie, le contrôle de la variation des autres caractères repose sur de nombreux facteurs: la variété, l'interaction avec le porte-greffe, les effets de l'environnement et les techniques culturales. Parmi eux le génotype variétal, c'est-à-dire sa structure génétique héritée de ses parents est un facteur prépondérant pour atteindre le niveau d'amélioration attendu. L'obtention d'une structure génétique adaptée aux objectifs de production n'est pas aisée car les caractéristiques liées à la reproduction telles que la polyembryonie, la phase juvénile ou l'auto-incompatibilité gamétique, sont contraignantes chez les agrumes. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons eu pour objectif de développer des connaissances sur la variation des caractères de la qualité du fruit, en y incluant l'abscission, mais également sur leur héritabilité et leur hérédité afin de faciliter les programmes de sélection et de création variétale. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié la variation de l'abscission chez plusieurs variétés d'orangers sur 3 sites, en Tunisie en Espagne et en Corse. Cette étude démontre que pour des variétés identiques, le processus d'abscission mesurée via la diminution de la force de détachement du fruit du pédoncule (FDF), est très dépendante de l'environnement et non des caractères de qualité du fruit. De façon originale la Corse ne semble pas être favorable à l'expression de ce caractère. Parmi les facteurs environnementaux décrits sur les trois sites, celui de l'augmentation du nombre de jours favorable à la croissance (température moyenne ≥ 13°C) en fin d'hiver semble être à l'origine de la chute massive et soudaine des fruits. Néanmoins, en Corse, la FDF peut aussi diminuer au cours de la maturation sur d'autres agrumes que les oranges. L'analyse de l'hérédité des caractères de la qualité des fruits et de leur abscission a été réalisée par une approche de la ségrégation de QTLs dans une population de 116 hybrides issus d'un croisement de type backcross (clémentinier × mandarinier), le clémentinier étant déjà un hybride (mandarinier x oranger). Les analyses ont été reproduites sur deux campagnes de production à plusieurs dates de maturité et bornées par celles des deux parents. La plupart des caractères ont une variation importante et une hérédité transgressive découlant de l'hétérozygotie élevée des génomes parentaux. Trois cartes génétiques ont été développées (les parentales et la consensus) à l'aide de marqueurs SNP et SSR couvrant environ 75% du génome de référence. Après estimation de l'effet aléatoire sur la variance des caractères (BLUP), des QTLs de chacun des caractères ont été détectés (1 QTL pour l'acidité, le citrate, la teneur en jus, la TSS, la FDF à 5 QTLs pour l'indice a* de coloration). La plupart d'entre eux ne sont détectés qu'à une seule date de maturation. La stabilité interannuelle et inter-population de ces QTLs devra être vérifiée avant une possible utilisation des marqueurs liés dans les programmes d'améliorationFruit quality control is an agronomic, genetics and production research objective. The concept of quality is crucial for fruit produced for the fresh fruit market. In citrus, which are non-climacteric fruit, fruit quality traits in the tree is set to trigger the harvest time that must precede fruit abscission. However, this fruit drop is sometimes very close to the stage of maturity and therefore causes losses because of shorter time to ensure the harvest. This is usually observed in orange grown in Spain and Tunisia. Furthermore, the quality of a citrus fruit is often defined by the skin color, fruit size, lack of seeds, aroma and juice content, sugar and acidity. If seedlessness can be obtained by induced mutations or triploidy, the control of the change in other characters is based on many factors: variety, interaction with the rootstock, environmental impact and cultivation techniques. Among them, the varietal genotype, which means the genetic structure inherited from the parents, is a key factor to achieve the expected level of improvement in breeding. In citrus, obtaining a genetic structure adapted to production targets is not easy because the characteristics associated with reproduction such as polyembryony, juvenility or gamete self-incompatibility. In the present work, we aimed to develop knowledge on the variation of fruit quality traits by including abscission, heritability and traits inheritance to facilitate breeding programs and breeding.We first studied the variation of the abscission in several varieties of orange on 3 sites, Tunisia, Spain and Corsica. This study showed that for the same varieties, the process of abscission measured by investigating the decrease the fruit detachment force (FDF) required to separate the fruit from the calyx, was very dependent on the environment, but not on the fruit quality traits. Interestingly, Corsica does not seem favorable to the expression of this trait. Among the environmental factors described on the three locations, the increase of the number of days that favor growth (average temperature ≥ 13 °C) in late winter seems to be the cause of the sudden and massive fruit drop. Nevertheless, in Corsica, the FDF can also decrease during maturation in other citrus than oranges.The analysis of inheritance of fruit quality traits and abscission was achieved by investigating the segregation of QTLs in a population of 116 hybrids resulting from a backcross (clementine × mandarin), clementine being itself a hybrid (mandarin × orange). Analyzes were replicated two consecutive years at several maturity dates which were bounded by maturity dates of both parents. Most traits presented a significant variation and a transgressive inheritance arising from the high heterozygosity of parental genomes. Three genetic maps have been developed (parental and consensus) using SSR and SNP markers covering about 75% of the reference genome. After estimating the random effect on the variance of the traits (BLUP), QTLs of each trait were detected (1 QTL for acidity, citrate, juice content, TSS, FDF as well as 5 QTLs for the a* color index). Most of them were detected at a single date of maturation.Interannual and inter-population stability of these QTLs will be checked before any possible use of the linked markers in breeding programs
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Hopfstock, Anja. "A User-Oriented Map Design in the SDI Environment." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-71981.
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The ever increasing demand of our information society for reliable Geographic Information (GI) is the moving power for the development and maintenance of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). Consequently, an SDI works to full benefit of its users if the SDI data collection is accessible and can be efficiently used by all users in spatial problem solving and decision-making. Current development and use of SDI focuses on handling geospatial data entirely by means of information technology. Thereby, low awareness seems to be paid to a user-friendly and understandable presentation of geospatial data. Based on the understanding that GI is the result of human geospatial information processing, it is argued that cartography is essential in the SDI context in order to achieve the objectives of SDI. Specifically, the thesis aimed at exploring the concept of user-oriented map design in relation to SDI and elaborating a methodology for creating effective cartographic representations for SDI relevant user types. First of all, the SDI concept, its objectives and principles are explored using the example of the current European SDI initiatives as to the human aspect of an SDI. Secondly, in order to determine the role and task of cartography in the SDI context, the conceptual framework of contemporary cartography is reviewed to provide the theoretical and technological framework for a user-oriented map design. Given this, the SDI environment is assessed in relation to cartography with respect to the services providing access to the SDI data collection. Further, an SDI map production framework is elaborated utilising Spiess’ concept of the graphic filter as a model for the transformation of SDI data into useful cartographic representations. Besides, the map design strategy by Grünreich provides the starting point for developing the process of map production. The main tasks are detailed and justified taking into consideration the semiotic-cognitive and action-related concepts underpinning contemporary cartography. The applied research encompasses a case study which is performed to implement and, thus, evaluate the proposed methodology. It starts from a use case scenario where an international spatial planning team requires getting familiar with the overall geographic characteristics of a European cross-border area. Following the process steps of user-oriented map design in the SDI environment, a map design specification is elaborated and implemented under real world conditions. The elaborated methodology for creating user-friendly and understandable cartographic representations of geospatial data in the SDI environment is based on theoretical and technological foundation of contemporary cartography. Map design in the SDI context, first of all, means to establish a graphic filter that determines the parameters and rules of the cartographic transformation process to be applied. As both an applied art and engineering the design of the graphic filter is a creative process developing a map design solution which enables SDI users to easily produce their map. It requires on the one hand an understanding of map use, map user and map use situation, and on the other hand insight into the data used as the source. The case study proves that the elaborated methodology is practicable and functional. Cartographic reverse engineering provides a systematic and pragmatic approach to the cartographic design task. This way, map design solutions can be built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions as suggested by the INSPIRE recommendation for portrayal. The resulting design solution constitutes a prototype of a European Reference Map at medium scale built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions. A user-friendly, understandable and comparable presentation of geospatial data in Europe would support the human and institutional potential for cross-border cooperation and collaboration. Besides that, the test implementation shows that tools are available which make it technically feasible and viable to produce a map from geospatial data in the SDI data collection. The research project raises awareness to the human aspect of SDI inherit in its objective to support end users to derive GI and knowledge from the geospatial data gathered in the SDI data collection. The role and task of cartography in the SDI context is to contribute to the initiation, creation, and maintenance of portrayal services to facilitate a comprehensive access to the underlying geospatial data by means of a user-friendly and understandable graphic interface. For cartography to take effect in the SDI development and use, cartographic design knowledge has to be made explicit and operational. It is the responsibility of cartographic professionals to prepare the map design. The wide range of map use contexts requires a great flexibility of design variants depending on the dimension of human-map interaction. Therefore, the design of the maps needs to be user-driven to enable an efficient map use in the user’s task. Besides their function as a graphic interface, maps facilitate a common understanding of the depicted geographic features and phenomena when sharing GI between SDI users. In other words, map design can be regarded a measure to establish interoperability of geospatial data beyond the technical level. The research work is in the scope of communication cartography, a research domain seeking to deepen the understanding of the role of cartographic expressions when understanding and communication of GI is involvedDer wachsende Bedarf unserer Wissensgesellschaft an zuverlässigen Informationen über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte ist die treibende Kraft bei Aufbau und Einsatz von Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI). Eine Geodateninfrastruktur wirkt zum vollen Nutzen der Gesellschaft, wenn die Daten in der GDI zugänglich sind und effektiv für Erkenntnis- und Entscheidungsprozesse genutzt werden können. Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung von GDI setzt auf moderne Informationstechnologien bei der Geodatenverarbeitung. Dabei, wird einer bedarfsgerechten und nutzerfreundlichen Präsentation von Geodaten in ansprechender visueller Form wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Da Geoinformation erst durch die Interaktion des Nutzers mit den Geodaten entsteht, ist es Aufgabe der Kartographie, bedarfsgerechte Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten und an der Schnittstelle zwischen einer Geodateninfrastruktur und ihren Nutzern bereitzustellen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, eine Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in einer GDI-Umgebung zu entwickeln und beispielhaft zu erproben. Zunächst, werden Konzept, Ziele und Prinzipien von Geodateninfrastruktur beispielhaft anhand der Europäischen GDI-Initiativen dargestellt und hinsichtlich des Bedarfs an kartographischen Darstellungen untersucht. Danach wird, ausgehend von der Forderung nach verständlichen und gut interpretierbaren Geoinformationen, die Rolle der Kartographie im GDI-Kontext bestimmt. Dabei werden zunächst Funktion und Aufgaben der Kartographie sowie die tragenden Konzepte und Grundlagen einer nutzerorientierten Kartengestaltung dargelegt. Der Vergleich der bestehenden Geodatenzugangsdienste zur Funktion der Kartographie ergibt eine Lücke, die es zu schließen gilt, um den Nutzeranforderungen gerecht zu werden. Dazu wird der Gesamtprozess für die Herstellung von Karten im GDI-Kontext beschrieben. In diesem Prozess kommt dem Graphikfilter von Spiess (2003) besondere Bedeutung als Modell eines wissensbasierten Systems zur Aufstellung und Umsetzung von kartographischen Gestaltungsregeln zu. Den Ausgangspunkt für die Ausarbeitung der Teilprozesse bieten die von Grünreich (2008) vorgeschlagenen Teilaufgaben der Kartographie im Rahmen der GDI. Mittels eines Anwendungsfalls im Europäischen Kontext wird der vorgeschlagene Gesamtprozess erprobt. Dieses Beispiel geht davon aus, dass eine internationale Planungsgruppe im Zuge der Konzeption einer grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrsverbindung eine anschauliche Beschreibung der Landschaft in Form einer einheitlich gestalteten und flächendeckenden Karte benötigt. Durch Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering anerkannt gut gestalteter Karten werden die Vorgaben für die Kartengestaltung ermittelt. Einschließlich der Anwendung auf konkrete GDI-Daten wird der zuvor entwickelte Herstellungsprozess ausgeführt und diskutiert. Die entwickelte Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in der GDI-Umgebung basiert auf den semiotisch-kognitiven und handlungstheoretischen Konzepten der modernen Kartographie. Kartengestaltung im Kontext von Geodateninfrastrukturen bedeutet die Entwicklung eines Graphikfilters, der eine optimale bedarfsgerechte Visualisierung der Geodaten mittels nutzerspezifischer Parameter und Gestaltungsregeln ermöglicht. Wie das Fallbeispiel zeigt, ist es die durch die entwickelte Methodik möglich, brauchbare und nützliche Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten. Die Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering erlaubt es, Kartendarstellungen zu entwickeln, die - wie von INSPIRE empfohlen - bewährten kartographischen Erfahrungen und allgemeinen Traditionen entsprechen. Das Ergebnis des Anwendungsfalls ist ein Prototyp einer Europäischen Referenzkarte im Maßstab 1: 250,000. Die einheitliche und somit vergleichbare Darstellung über Grenzen hinweg unterstützt das Planungsteam in seiner Arbeit. Die praktische Umsetzung der Karte zeigt zudem, dass funktionsfähige Werkzeuge und Technologien für die regelbasierte Kartenherstellung aus GDI-Daten vorhanden sind. Die Dissertation trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für den menschlichen Aspekt der Nutzung einer Geodateninfrastruktur zu schärfen. Der Beitrag der Kartographie zur Nutzung der Geodaten einer GDI besteht in der Initiierung, Gestaltung und Pflege von Darstellungsdiensten, da die Nutzbarkeit der Geodaten am besten gewährleistet ist, wenn die Gestaltungsmethoden der Kartographie angewendet werden. Dabei liegt es in der Verantwortung der Kartographen, die nutzerseitigen Aspekte dieser graphischen Schnittstelle unter Berücksichtigung der modernen kartographischen Konzepte zu betreuen. Gemäß INSPIRE-Richtlinie werden auf Karten gestützte Informationen bei zahlreichen Tätigkeiten verwendet. Für eine effektive visuelle Informationsverarbeitung durch den Nutzer ist daher eine nutzerorientierte Kartengestaltung in Abhängigkeit von der geplanten Interaktion (z.B. Kommunikation oder Analyse) unerlässlich. Neben der Funktion als Schnittstelle machen kartographische Darstellungen räumliche Strukturen verständlich. Daher ist die Kartenherstellung im GDI-Kontext eine Maßnahme, um Interoperabilität von Geodaten über die technische Ebene hinaus auf menschlicher Ebene zu ermöglichen. Die Relevanz dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt im Bereich der Kommunikationskartographie, die die Effektivität und Verbindlichkeit der Kommunikation über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte zu vertiefen sucht
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Righi, Fernanda Pereira. "A cartografia ambiental como suporte para o estudo das unidades de paisagem: o caso da reserva biológica de São Donato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-11012013-111131/.
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Com crescimento da degradação ambiental, houve um grande investimento em unidades de conservação, que resultou no Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). Embora o SNUC almeje regulamentar as unidades de conservação, muitas dessas tem dificuldade em proteger o meio ambiente, como é o caso da reserva biológica de São Donato, situada entre os municípios de Itaqui e Maçambará - RS, cujo objetivo é proteger o banhado São Donato, frente à expansão da agricultura e da pecuária. Assim, o objetivo da dissertação é contribuir para o estudo das unidades de paisagem da reserva biológica de São Donato, através da cartografia ambiental. Para isso, foram traçados objetivos específicos: (1) elaborar mapas temáticos - hipsométrico, clinográfico e uso do solo; (2) proceder uma análise multitemporal do uso do solo; (3) propor uma cartografia de unidades de paisagem da reserva biológica; (4) avaliar essas unidades de paisagem, quanto ao grau das intervenções antrópicas. Portanto, a partir do conceito de paisagem definido por Bertrand (1968) e da metodologia proposta por Martinelli; Pedrotti (2001) para a cartografia de unidades de paisagem foram identificadas dez unidades de paisagem na reserva biológica de São Donato, sendo que as unidades com maior interferência antrópica estão em expansão, enquanto que as unidades naturais encontram-se em dinâmica de retração, devido ao crescimento da atividade agropecuária no entorno da unidade de conservação, sobretudo do cultivo do arroz irrigado.With growing environmental degradation, there was a large investment in protected areas, which resulted in the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). Although this system aims to regulated conservation units, many of these have difficulty in protecting the environment, such as the biological reserve of São Donato, located between the towns of Itaqui and Maçambará - RS, in order to protect the São Donato wetland, given the expansion of agriculture and livestock. The objective of this research is to contribute to the study of landscape units of the biological reserve of São Donato, through the environmental cartography. For this, specific objectives were outlined: (1) elaborate thematic maps; (2) make a multitemporal analysis of land use, (3) propose a cartography of landscape units of biological reserves; (4) evaluate these landscape units, the degree of human interventions. Therefore, from the concept of landscape defined by Bertrand (1968) and the methodology proposed by Martinelli; Pedrotti (2001) for cartography of landscape units were identified ten scenic drives in the biological reserve of São Donato, and units with greater human interference are increasing, while the natural units are in dynamic retraction, due to the growth of farming in the surrounding conservation area, especially the cultivation of rice.
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Caneppele, Jean Carlo Gessi. "Espacialização da arenização a partir da Ecodinâmica e da Cartografia Ambiental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171442.
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A arenização é um processo que possui gênese natural e pode ser intensificado ou gerado por um inadequado manejo. A arenização está ligada ao condicionante, geológico, geomorfológico, pedológico, climático, de cobertura vegetal e uso e ocupação da terra, que a partir da interação com os agentes hídricos e eólicos, tem determinadas feições geradas. Em sua gênese natural, a arenização evolui em três etapas: 1) degraus de abatimento; 2) ravinas; 3) areais, além disso, as ravinas podem dar origem a voçorocas. Os mapeamentos da arenização efetuados levavam em conta apenas os areais e não as demais etapas. As propostas de manejo, em sua maioria, são implementadas de maneira uniforme, sem levar em conta que os agentes hídrico e eólico atuam de forma diferenciada ao longo do processo. Para que as técnicas de manejo e controle sejam aplicadas de acordo com a especificidade de cada área, se faz necessário o levantamento de todas as variáveis da arenização. Dentro deste contexto, o trabalho busca estruturar uma metodologia para mapear o processo de arenização, em sua evolução, utilizando a Ecodinâmica e a Cartografia Ambiental. Essa metodologia servirá de base para o cumprimento de dois objetivos do Edital Capes-Embrapa que o trabalho esteve vinculado: 1) Mapeamento do processo de arenização e 2) Criação de parâmetros para o manejo e gestão das áreas suscetíveis à arenização. O mapeamento foi efetuado na bacia do arroio Inhacundá no município de São Francisco de Assis/RS. Foram mapeadas as feições da arenização, divididas em: 1) Ravinas; 2) Coalescência de Ravinas; 3) Leques de Dejecção; 4) Voçorocas e 5) Areais. Os meios foram definidos a partir da relação morfogênese x pedogênese e as feições da arenização, obtendo-se assim os meios estáveis, intergrades e fortemente instáveis e suas classes de mapeamentos. Os meios estáveis estão associados às áreas suscetíveis e aos valões e foram a primeira classe a ser mapeada. Os meios intergrades estão associados aos degraus de abatimento, pipping, sulcos de maquinário e superpastoreio e foram considerados como segunda classe. Por último, os meios fortemente instáveis foram divididos em três classes. As ravinas (terceira classe); a coalescência de ravinas e os leques de dejecção (quarta classe); os areais e as voçorocas (quinta classe). Após, foi estruturada a legenda de cores, com a utilização da cor vermelha, assim como, foi atribuído um símbolo para cada relação entre os condicionantes, totalizando 14 símbolos. Os mapas finais foram elaborados em escala 1:100.000, utilizando as classes sem adição dos símbolos em função da quantidade de informações, e em escala 1:10.000. Na escala 1:10.000, todos os elementos foram adicionados, o que possibilitou uma leitura simplificada de um processo complexo. Com a estruturação da metodologia de mapeamento, definindo os meios e suas classes e relacionando todos os condicionantes, torna-se possível a criação de parâmetros para cada uma das cinco classes, de acordo com a sua localização e associação dos condicionantes.The sandinization is a process that has a natural genesis and may be intensified or even generated by an inappropriate management. The sandinization is linked to geologic, geomorphologic, soils, climatic, and botanic factors, as well as to the use and occupation of earth. The interaction of those factors with eolic and hydric dynamics generates some specific characteristics. In its natural genesis, sandinization evolves in three stages: 1) downgrades, 2) ravines and 3) sands spots. In 8 addition, ravines can give rise to gullies. The mappings of sandinization were made just with sand spots and do not other stages and for the most part, management proposals of areas with sandinization are implemented uniformly in the different features, without taking into account that water and wind dynamics act differently throughout the process. To that those techniques of erosion control be applied according to specificity in each area, it is necessary the survey about all variable of sandinization. This work seeks to structure a methodology to map the sandinization process, using Ecodynamic and Environmental Cartography. That methodology will serve as a basis to meet two goals of the research public notice Capes-Embrapa nº 015/2014 to which the work was is linked: 1) Mapping of sandinization process and 2) Creation of parameters to management and handling of areas susceptible to sandinization. This dissertation begins with the theoretical framework about the sandinization process, its conditioning factors and its features. Subsequently, a chapter on Ecodynamics and Environmental Cartography. The mapping was carried out in the areas susceptible to the sandinization of the Inhacundá stream basin in the city of São Francisco de Assis, Rio Grande do Sul. Were mapped the sandinization features, which consist in: 1) Ravines; 2) Accreting of ravines; 3) Fans; 4) Gullies; 5) Sand Spots. The middle were defined by relationship between morphogenesis x pedogenesis and the sandinization features, getting the classification of stable middle, intergrades and strongly unstable middle and their class of mapping. The stable middle are related to susceptibility areas and the small valley and were the first class to get mapped. The intergrades middle are related to downgrades, pipping, machinery grooves and overgrazing and were considered as second class. The strongly unstable middle was divided in three classes: The Ravines (Third Class); the accreting of ravines and fans (Fourth Class); The Sand Spots and the gullies (Fifth Class). After the middle definition, was structured the legend of colors to the five classes, as was attributed one symbol to each relationship between the conditioners, totalizing fourteen symbols. The final maps were produced in scale 1:100.000, using the classes, without an addition to symbols because would contain many information’s, and in scale 1:10.000. In this scale all elements were added, making possible a simple reading of a complex process, as is the sandinization. With the structure of this methodology of sandinization mapping, defining its middle and its classes and related all conditioners, makes it possible the creation of parameters to each one of five classes, according to its location and association between the conditioners.
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Houel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.
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Dans le cadre d’un financement CIFRE accompagnant la définition du Schéma de Cohérence d’Aménagement Lumière (SCAL) de la Métropole de Nantes, la thèse de Nicolas Houel contribue à identifier les enjeux de la sobriété énergétique et lumineuse dans la gestion du parc d’éclairage public. La recherche porte sur la méthodologie d’élaboration du SCAL et se focalise sur l’identification des controverses actuelles dans la pratique de l’éclairage artificiel, en vue d’une sensibilisation et d’une implication de l’usager de l’espace public dans l’évaluation et la production des ambiances urbaines nocturnes. Le travail comprend une série d’enquêtes de terrain dédiées à l’évaluation et à l’itération d’une méthode de récolte d’indicateurs sensibles. En plus de sa partie analytique, la recherche propose un outil cartographique numérique inédit pour l’aide au suivi des installations et permettant en temps réel la collecte d’indicateurs physiques et sensibles directement identifiés par l’usager. La posture de recherche aborde la notion d’expertise d’usage, potentiellement complémentaire des expertises politiques, artistiques et techniques qui gouvernent actuellement l’éclairage public. Ils soulignent la place prépondérante de l’éclairage artificiel dans la culture collective et la très faible représentativité de la notion d’obscurité. La pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse, en réponse à l’enjeu de sobriété énergétique et lumineuse initialement poursuivi au travers de la démarche de sensibilisation des usagers à l’éclairage public, s’oriente finalement vers celui d’une forme de pédagogie à l’obscurité, dans laquelle la sobriété lumineuse pourra durablement s’installerAs part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
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Hopfstock, Anja. "A User-Oriented Map Design in the SDI Environment: Using the Example of a European Reference Map at Medium Scale." Doctoral thesis, Verlag des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25665.
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The ever increasing demand of our information society for reliable Geographic Information (GI) is the moving power for the development and maintenance of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). Consequently, an SDI works to full benefit of its users if the SDI data collection is accessible and can be efficiently used by all users in spatial problem solving and decision-making. Current development and use of SDI focuses on handling geospatial data entirely by means of information technology. Thereby, low awareness seems to be paid to a user-friendly and understandable presentation of geospatial data.
Based on the understanding that GI is the result of human geospatial information processing, it is argued that cartography is essential in the SDI context in order to achieve the objectives of SDI. Specifically, the thesis aimed at exploring the concept of user-oriented map design in relation to SDI and elaborating a methodology for creating effective cartographic representations for SDI relevant user types.
First of all, the SDI concept, its objectives and principles are explored using the example of the current European SDI initiatives as to the human aspect of an SDI. Secondly, in order to determine the role and task of cartography in the SDI context, the conceptual framework of contemporary cartography is reviewed to provide the theoretical and technological framework for a user-oriented map design. Given this, the SDI environment is assessed in relation to cartography with respect to the services providing access to the SDI data collection. Further, an SDI map production framework is elaborated utilising Spiess’ concept of the graphic filter as a model for the transformation of SDI data into useful cartographic representations. Besides, the map design strategy by Grünreich provides the starting point for developing the process of map production. The main tasks are detailed and justified taking into consideration the semiotic-cognitive and action-related concepts underpinning contemporary cartography. The applied research encompasses a case study which is performed to implement and, thus, evaluate the proposed methodology. It starts from a use case scenario where an international spatial planning team requires getting familiar with the overall geographic characteristics of a European cross-border area. Following the process steps of user-oriented map design in the SDI environment, a map design specification is elaborated and implemented under real world conditions.
The elaborated methodology for creating user-friendly and understandable cartographic representations of geospatial data in the SDI environment is based on theoretical and technological foundation of contemporary cartography. Map design in the SDI context, first of all, means to establish a graphic filter that determines the parameters and rules of the cartographic transformation process to be applied. As both an applied art and engineering the design of the graphic filter is a creative process developing a map design solution which enables SDI users to easily produce their map. It requires on the one hand an understanding of map use, map user and map use situation, and on the other hand insight into the data used as the source. The case study proves that the elaborated methodology is practicable and functional. Cartographic reverse engineering provides a systematic and pragmatic approach to the cartographic design task. This way, map design solutions can be built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions as suggested by the INSPIRE recommendation for portrayal. The resulting design solution constitutes a prototype of a European Reference Map at medium scale built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions. A user-friendly, understandable and comparable presentation of geospatial data in Europe would support the human and institutional potential for cross-border cooperation and collaboration. Besides that, the test implementation shows that tools are available which make it technically feasible and viable to produce a map from geospatial data in the SDI data collection.
The research project raises awareness to the human aspect of SDI inherit in its objective to support end users to derive GI and knowledge from the geospatial data gathered in the SDI data collection. The role and task of cartography in the SDI context is to contribute to the initiation, creation, and maintenance of portrayal services to facilitate a comprehensive access to the underlying geospatial data by means of a user-friendly and understandable graphic interface. For cartography to take effect in the SDI development and use, cartographic design knowledge has to be made explicit and operational. It is the responsibility of cartographic professionals to prepare the map design. The wide range of map use contexts requires a great flexibility of design variants depending on the dimension of human-map interaction. Therefore, the design of the maps needs to be user-driven to enable an efficient map use in the user’s task. Besides their function as a graphic interface, maps facilitate a common understanding of the depicted geographic features and phenomena when sharing GI between SDI users. In other words, map design can be regarded a measure to establish interoperability of geospatial data beyond the technical level. The research work is in the scope of communication cartography, a research domain seeking to deepen the understanding of the role of cartographic expressions when understanding and communication of GI is involved.Der wachsende Bedarf unserer Wissensgesellschaft an zuverlässigen Informationen über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte ist die treibende Kraft bei Aufbau und Einsatz von Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI). Eine Geodateninfrastruktur wirkt zum vollen Nutzen der Gesellschaft, wenn die Daten in der GDI zugänglich sind und effektiv für Erkenntnis- und Entscheidungsprozesse genutzt werden können. Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung von GDI setzt auf moderne Informationstechnologien bei der Geodatenverarbeitung. Dabei, wird einer bedarfsgerechten und nutzerfreundlichen Präsentation von Geodaten in ansprechender visueller Form wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Da Geoinformation erst durch die Interaktion des Nutzers mit den Geodaten entsteht, ist es Aufgabe der Kartographie, bedarfsgerechte Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten und an der Schnittstelle zwischen einer Geodateninfrastruktur und ihren Nutzern bereitzustellen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, eine Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in einer GDI-Umgebung zu entwickeln und beispielhaft zu erproben. Zunächst, werden Konzept, Ziele und Prinzipien von Geodateninfrastruktur beispielhaft anhand der Europäischen GDI-Initiativen dargestellt und hinsichtlich des Bedarfs an kartographischen Darstellungen untersucht. Danach wird, ausgehend von der Forderung nach verständlichen und gut interpretierbaren Geoinformationen, die Rolle der Kartographie im GDI-Kontext bestimmt. Dabei werden zunächst Funktion und Aufgaben der Kartographie sowie die tragenden Konzepte und Grundlagen einer nutzerorientierten Kartengestaltung dargelegt. Der Vergleich der bestehenden Geodatenzugangsdienste zur Funktion der Kartographie ergibt eine Lücke, die es zu schließen gilt, um den Nutzeranforderungen gerecht zu werden. Dazu wird der Gesamtprozess für die Herstellung von Karten im GDI-Kontext beschrieben. In diesem Prozess kommt dem Graphikfilter von Spiess (2003) besondere Bedeutung als Modell eines wissensbasierten Systems zur Aufstellung und Umsetzung von kartographischen Gestaltungsregeln zu. Den Ausgangspunkt für die Ausarbeitung der Teilprozesse bieten die von Grünreich (2008) vorgeschlagenen Teilaufgaben der Kartographie im Rahmen der GDI. Mittels eines Anwendungsfalls im Europäischen Kontext wird der vorgeschlagene Gesamtprozess erprobt. Dieses Beispiel geht davon aus, dass eine internationale Planungsgruppe im Zuge der Konzeption einer grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrsverbindung eine anschauliche Beschreibung der Landschaft in Form einer einheitlich gestalteten und flächendeckenden Karte benötigt. Durch Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering anerkannt gut gestalteter Karten werden die Vorgaben für die Kartengestaltung ermittelt. Einschließlich der Anwendung auf konkrete GDI-Daten wird der zuvor entwickelte Herstellungsprozess ausgeführt und diskutiert. Die entwickelte Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in der GDI-Umgebung basiert auf den semiotisch-kognitiven und handlungstheoretischen Konzepten der modernen Kartographie. Kartengestaltung im Kontext von Geodateninfrastrukturen bedeutet die Entwicklung eines Graphikfilters, der eine optimale bedarfsgerechte Visualisierung der Geodaten mittels nutzerspezifischer Parameter und Gestaltungsregeln ermöglicht. Wie das Fallbeispiel zeigt, ist es die durch die entwickelte Methodik möglich, brauchbare und nützliche Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten. Die Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering erlaubt es, Kartendarstellungen zu entwickeln, die - wie von INSPIRE empfohlen - bewährten kartographischen Erfahrungen und allgemeinen Traditionen entsprechen. Das Ergebnis des Anwendungsfalls ist ein Prototyp einer Europäischen Referenzkarte im Maßstab 1: 250,000. Die einheitliche und somit vergleichbare Darstellung über Grenzen hinweg unterstützt das Planungsteam in seiner Arbeit. Die praktische Umsetzung der Karte zeigt zudem, dass funktionsfähige Werkzeuge und Technologien für die regelbasierte Kartenherstellung aus GDI-Daten vorhanden sind. Die Dissertation trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für den menschlichen Aspekt der Nutzung einer Geodateninfrastruktur zu schärfen. Der Beitrag der Kartographie zur Nutzung der Geodaten einer GDI besteht in der Initiierung, Gestaltung und Pflege von Darstellungsdiensten, da die Nutzbarkeit der Geodaten am besten gewährleistet ist, wenn die Gestaltungsmethoden der Kartographie angewendet werden. Dabei liegt es in der Verantwortung der Kartographen, die nutzerseitigen Aspekte dieser graphischen Schnittstelle unter Berücksichtigung der modernen kartographischen Konzepte zu betreuen. Gemäß INSPIRE-Richtlinie werden auf Karten gestützte Informationen bei zahlreichen Tätigkeiten verwendet. Für eine effektive visuelle Informationsverarbeitung durch den Nutzer ist daher eine nutzerorientierte Kartengestaltung in Abhängigkeit von der geplanten Interaktion (z.B. Kommunikation oder Analyse) unerlässlich. Neben der Funktion als Schnittstelle machen kartographische Darstellungen räumliche Strukturen verständlich. Daher ist die Kartenherstellung im GDI-Kontext eine Maßnahme, um Interoperabilität von Geodaten über die technische Ebene hinaus auf menschlicher Ebene zu ermöglichen. Die Relevanz dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt im Bereich der Kommunikationskartographie, die die Effektivität und Verbindlichkeit der Kommunikation über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte zu vertiefen sucht.
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Holman, Justin O. "Quantitative comparison of categorical maps with applications for the analysis of global environmental data /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136418.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-107). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Simon, Jesse. "Images of the built landscape in the later Roman world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e86a09f5-a1da-4ac0-8051-ba7fca36c16e.
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At its greatest extent, the Roman empire represented one of the largest continuous areas of land to have been ruled by a single central administration in the classical period. While the extent of the empire may be determined from both the extensive body of literary evidence from the Roman world, and also from the physi- cal remains of great public works stretching from Britain to Arabia, the processes by which the Romans were able to apprehend larger spaces remain infrequently studied in modern scholarship. It is often assumed that Roman spatial awareness came from cartographic representations and that the imperial Roman administration must have possessed detailed scale maps of both individual regions and of the empire as a whole. In the first part of the present study, it is demonstrated that Roman spatial understanding may not have relied very extensively on cartography, and that any maps produced in the Roman world were designed to serve very different purposes from those that we might associate with maps today. Instead, it is argued that the extensive construction projects that defined the character of the imperial world would have pro- vided a means by which the larger physical spaces of the empire could be understood. However, as transformations began to occur within the built environment between the late-third and late-sixth centuries, spatial processes would have necessarily started to change. In the second part of the present study, it is suggested that attitudes toward the built environment would have led to changes in the physical arrangement of rural and urban spaces in late antiquity; furthermore the eventual dissolution of the constructed landscape that defined the Roman empire would have resulted in new approaches to the apprehension of larger spaces, approaches in which cartographic expression may have played a more central role.
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Teobaldo, Neto Aristoteles. "A qualidade ambiental urbana no bairro Alfredo Freire Uberaba / MG : o desafio da análise e representação." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2008. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/16034.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe urban growth, most of the time, is not followed by an adjusted infrastructure that guarantees a healthful environment and a proper life quality. The urbanization and industrialization increasing process has provoked significant alterations in the environment. It has been modifying some vital supplements quality , such as: pure and cool air, drinking water, food, leisure spaces, amongst others. A quarter in Uberaba MG, symbolizes this process: Alfredo Freire. It is located next to an Industrial District and has the environmental quality affected by the residues generated in the neighboring industrial activities. It was arisen as problematic issues which guides this research: Why to construct a quarter segregated from the city (at that time) and next to an Industrial District? Which is its inhabitants perception in relation to the quarter environmental quality? From this, it was defined as general objective: to elaborate and analyze the urban perception map of Alfredo Freire quarter environmental quality and as specific objective: to understand the city production and reproduction processes; to outline some general characteristics of the quarter inhabitants social-economic profile; to identify and to establish the ambient perception of the inhabitants in relation to some ambient quality pointers; elaborate the maps of each pointer; interpolate the maps, elaborate and analyze the final map of Urban Environmental Quality (QAU). In chapter 1 a historical incursion in the issue studied in this research is developed, searching to determine the causes and understand the processes that mix the miserable social-ambient situation. It is introduced the discussion concerning QAU evaluation concepts and methods and life quality. In chapter 2 the methodology, the operational procedures and the materials used in the research are presented. Chapter 3 presents the history of the quarter and the inhabitant profile. Initially, it is done a geographic-historical characterization of the study area. In this context it will be clear how the problematic environmental issue is in the quarter genesis. In chapter 4, are presented the results directly related to the four defined pointers of the environmental quality in the specific objectives. Such results are presented in the form of maps, graphs and tables. It is demonstrated how QAU s synthesis map was elaborated, by the criterion of the simple average. Some consideration about this method limitation are explained and one second alternative is presented: the interpolation method. So that, this is the closest to the reality. It is argued, also, how the technologies related to the geo-processing can be useful and efficient in the studied phenomenon analysis and QAU representation. Finally, some proposals are presented as urgent measures with the objective to minimize the environment impacts and improve the life and ambient quality of Alfredo Freire quarter inhabitants in Uberaba-MG.
O crescimento urbano, na maioria das vezes, não é acompanhado de uma adequada infraestrutura que garanta um ambiente saudável e uma qualidade de vida adequada. O crescente processo de urbanização e industrialização tem provocado alterações significativas no meio ambiente, alterando a qualidade de alguns suprimentos vitais ao homem tais como: ar puro e fresco, água potável, alimento, espaços de lazer, dentre outros. Um bairro em Uberaba MG, simboliza este processo: o Alfredo Freire. Está localizado ao lado de um Distrito Industrial e tem a qualidade ambiental afetada pelos resíduos gerados nas atividades industriais vizinhas. Levantou-se como problemáticas orientadoras desta pesquisa: Por que construir um bairro segregado espacialmente da cidade (à época) e ao lado de um Distrito Industrial? Qual a percepção dos moradores em relação qualidade ambiental do bairro? A partir disso foi delineado como objetivo geral: elaborar e analisar o mapa da percepção da qualidade ambiental urbana do bairro Alfredo Freire e, como objetivos específicos: compreender os processos de produção e reprodução da cidade; traçar algumas características gerais do perfil sócio-econômico dos moradores do bairro; identificar e espacializar a percepção ambiental dos moradores em relação a alguns indicadores da qualidade ambiental; elaborar os mapas de cada indicador; interpolar os mapas, elaborar e analisar o mapa final da Qualidade Ambiental Urbana (QAU). No capítulo 1 é feita uma incursão histórica na problemática tratada nesta pesquisa, buscando traçar as causas e entender os processos que engendraram todo o quadro sócio-ambiental degradante. É introduzida a discussão acerca dos conceitos e métodos de avaliação da QAU e qualidade de vida. No capítulo 2 é apresentada a metodologia, os procedimentos operacionais e os materiais utilizados na pesquisa. O capítulo 3 apresenta a história do bairro e o perfil do morador. Inicialmente é feita uma caracterização históricogeográfica da área de estudo, neste contexto ficará claro como a questão da problemática ambiental está na gênese do bairro. No capítulo 4 são apresentados os resultados diretamente relacionados aos quatro indicadores da qualidade ambiental definidos nos objetivos específicos. Tais resultados estão apresentados na forma de mapas, gráficos e tabelas. É demonstrado como foi elaborado o mapa síntese da QAU, pelo critério da média simples. São feitas algumas considerações da limitação deste método e, é apresentada uma segunda alternativa: o método de interpolação, visto que este é o que mais se aproxima da realidade. Discute-se, também, como as tecnologias relacionadas ao geoprocessamento podem ser úteis e eficientes na análise do fenômeno estudado e na representação da QAU. Por fim, são propostas algumas medidas urgentes com o objetivo de minimizar os impactos ambientais e melhorar a qualidade ambiental e de vida dos moradores do bairro Alfredo Freire / Uberaba MG.
Mestre em Geografia
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Welter, Liane. "O espaço geográfico do oeste catarinense e sua cartografia ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-20062007-145400/.
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O objetivo central do trabalho é congregar os componentes naturais e sociais que agem no ambiente da região Oeste Catarinense, tendo em vista uma cartografia ambiental. Para tanto, abordamos e representamos em mapa os elementos referentes a geologia, relevo, solos, vegetação, clima, uso e cobertura da terra, rede de drenagem, divisão administrativa e rede viária. Uma visão de síntese, integrada e espacializada da realidade do ambiente regional foi obtida com a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento, que, dentre suas possibilidades permitiram a identificação de cinco unidades ambientais e suas subdivisões para o Oeste Catarinense.The main aim of this work is to bring together the natural and social elements that act on the West Catarinense region in Brazil, considering the environmental cartography. In order to do that, we show and represent maps of geology, relief, soil, vegetation, climate, land use, drainage system, political division and transport. Using the techniques for geoprocessment, a syntesis, integrated and spacialized view of the environmental reality was obtained. This procedure identificated five environmental units and its subdivisions into the West Catarinense.
Books on the topic "Environment Cartography"
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Korsunov, Vladimir Mikhaĭlovich. Metodologii︠a︡ pochvennykh ėkologo-geograficheskikh issledovaniĭ i kartografii pochv. Ulan-Udė: Izd-vo Buri︠a︡tskogo nauch. t︠s︡entra SO RAN, 2002.
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Evenden, Gerald Ian. Cartographic projection procedures for the UNIX environment: A user's manual. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.
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Krapivin, Vladimir. Information Technologies for Remote Monitoring of the Environment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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Rybaczuk, K. Y. Interfacing digital cartographic data in environmental information systems. Durham: University of Durham, Department of Geography, 1986.
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Caquard, Sébastien, Laurene Vaughan, and William Cartwright. Mapping environmental issues in the city: Arts and cartography cross perspectives. Edited by 'Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross-Perspective' (2010 : Montréal, Québec). Berlin: Springer, 2011.
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Foody, Giles, Peter Mooney, Cidália Costa Fonte, Ana Maria Olteanu Raimond, Steffen Fritz, and Linda See, eds. Mapping and the Citizen Sensor. London, United Kingdom: Ubiquity Press, 2017.
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Cartographies of danger: Mapping hazards in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
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Krumm, Robert J. Illinois geographic information system: Applications to environmental management. Champaign, Ill. (615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign 61820): Illinois State Geological Survey, 1991.
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Batuev, A. R. Geosistemy i kartografirovanie ėkologo-geograficheskikh situat͡s︡iĭ Priselenginskikh kotlovin Baĭkalʹskogo regiona. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Sibirskogo otdelenii͡a︡ RAN, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environment Cartography"
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Fleurant, Cyril, and Sandrine Bodin-Fleurant. "Cartography." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 97–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69242-5_4.
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Wan, Gang, Hui Lin, Qing Zhu, and Yingzhen Liu. "Virtual Geographical Environment." In Advances in Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering, 443–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0614-4_12.
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Driever, Steven L. "Lucas Mallada and the Changing Image of Spain's Environment." In Earth Sciences, Geography and Cartography, 149–58. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.00645.
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Martinez, Miguel, and Serguei Levachkine. "Dynamic Models of Geographic Environment using Ontological Relations." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 165–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00304-2_11.
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Thomas, Vincent, Sylvie Daniel, and Jacynthe Pouliot. "3D Modeling for Mobile Augmented Reality in Unprepared Environment." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 163–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12670-3_10.
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Lobo, Victor J. A. S. "Application of Self-Organizing Maps to the Maritime Environment." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 19–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00304-2_2.
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Chmelařová, Kateřina, Čeněk Šašinka, and Zdeněk Stachoň. "Visualization of Environment-related Information in Augmented Reality: Analysis of User Needs." In Advances in Cartography and GIScience, 283–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57336-6_20.
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Lazecky, Milan, Fatma Canaslan Comut, Yuxiao Qin, and Daniele Perissin. "Sentinel-1 Interferometry System in the High-Performance Computing Environment." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 131–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45123-7_10.
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Kettunen, Pyry, L. Tiina Sarjakoski, Salu Ylirisku, and Tapani Sarjakoski. "Web Map Design for a Multipublishing Environment Based on Open APIs." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 177–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27485-5_12.
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Ermolaev, Victor. "Modeling of Search Actions Under the Conditions of Variable Environment Properties." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 107–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31833-7_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Environment Cartography"
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Lardeux, C., P.-L. Frison, J.-C. Souyris, C. Tison, B. Stoll, and J.-P. Rudant. "Contribution of radar polarimetric data for the cartography in tropical environment." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Azita Valinia, Peter H. Hildebrand, and Seiho Uratsuka. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808091.
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Hosein, Tarick, Bheshem Ramlal, Lisa Kirton-Reed, and Adrian Trotman. "AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO GIS ANALYSIS AND MAP MAKING USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/jkkp1396.
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Over the last two decades, advancements in analytical cartography have reduced the need for professional geomatics experts when creating maps. GIS software have greatly simplified the map creation process, allowing non-experts to make maps using many built-in tools. However, this has resulted in a lack of quality control and assessment when data is manipulated and processed towards developing maps. This also raises questions with regards to reliability, validity and objectivity of data, results and maps. In contrast, this paper presents a methodology for automating both the GIS analysis and Map Making processes using analytical cartography in a non-standard GIS environment. The work was done primarily in the R environment, open source software and programming, to replicate processes that were normally done using expensive proprietary software and many person hours. Applied in a case study to improve the workflow efficiency in precipitation index modelling, the developed system was found to improve on overall time by tenfold, the formats and number of products generated were more than doubled, the replicability of map layouts was greatly improved, and the published formats increased.
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Nannemann, Josef, and Axel Popella. "SAT-GIS: a customized system for satellite image processing, digital cartography, and topographic analyses in a GIS environment, based upon a worldwide seamless database." In Satellite Remote Sensing, edited by Joan B. Lurie, Paolo Pampaloni, and James C. Shiue. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.197353.
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Yan, Liang, Kazuyoshi Nakajima, Shuichi Inagaki, Masao Arimura, and Shigeo Hosoi. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine Rotor." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55371.
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Corrosion cracks were found at the bottom of the first hook of the L-4 stage of a low-pressure steam turbine rotor after about 230,000 hours operation with about 300 times of starts and stops of a thermal power plant. They developed in the circumferential direction, showing a groove line on the bottom surface of the first hook. Cross sectional observation showed that they had branched and blunted shapes, and X-ray cartography analysis results showed that they filled with corrosion products, and sulfur concentration was detected. In order to verify that they were caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC), bent-beam stress-corrosion tests with four-point loaded specimens (ASTM G40 method) were performed in a 0.25wt%H2SO4+NH4OH solution with a pH controlled at 9.8 to simulate the corrosion environment of the steam turbine, and the test temperature was set at 80°C. After 6,000-hour and 10,000-hour tests, the cross sections of SCC specimens were inspected with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Branched and blunted cracks were observed and the crack shapes were similar to those of the corrosion cracks occurred in the steam turbine. Sulfur concentration was also observed in the blunted cracks of the specimens by X-ray cartography analysis. Based on the test results, it can be assumed that the corrosion cracks developed from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the low-pressure steam turbine. It is thus necessary to periodically inspect not only the L-1, 2 stages of the wet and corrosion zone, but also the L-3, 4 stages of dry and salt zone in low-pressure steam turbines.
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García Martín, Fernando Miguel, Fernando Navarro Carmona, Eduardo José Solaz Fuster, Víctor Muñoz Macián, María Amparo Sebastià Esteve, Pasqual Herrero Vicent, and Anna Morro Peña. "Obsolescence of urban morphology in Villena (Spain). Spatial analysis of the urban fabric in the ISUD/EDUSI candidature." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6206.
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The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development strategy (English acronym ISUD, Spanish acronym EDUSI) is an urban planning tool that the municipalities with more than 20.000 inhabitants in Spain need to be funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the 2014-2020 period. The city of Villena is located south- east Spain, inland the province of Alicante. The Villena municipality developed this tool in order to have a holistic and integrated vision of the situation of the city from the urban, social, economic and environmental points of view. As a part of the analysis performed to develop this strategy, a spatial analysis of the urban fabric of Villena was carried out. This study employed concepts from the typomorphological schools of Italy, England and France (Moudon, 1994) as well as from the research on relation between density and urban form (Churchman, 1999, Berghauser & Pont, 2009, Steadman, 2014). The data and cartography of the Spanish Cadaster, processed with SIG software, allowed the study. The spatial analysis included different variables of the built environment, including building height and age; plots size; open space ratios, Not-built plots; type of built-plots according to height and built surface; and compactness of the fabrics. The results of this analysis showed a relationship between the morphological variables and the problems identified in the citizen participation meetings carried out for the elaboration of the ISUD. The identified aspects of urban morphology obsolescence allowed proposing strategies of action to update the built environment to current demands. References (100 words) Berghauser Pont, M., & Haupt, P. (2009). Space, density and urban form. TU delft. Retrieved from http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%253A0e8cdd4d-80d0-4c4c-97dc-dbb9e5eee7c2/ Churchman, A. (1999). Disentangling the concept of density. Journal of Planning Literature, 13(4), 389–411. Moudon, A. V. (1994). Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology. In K. A. Franck & L. H. Schneekloth (Eds.), Ordering space: types in architecture and design (pp. 289–311). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Steadman, P. (2014). Density and built form: integrating “Spacemate” with the work of Martin and March. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 41(2), 341–358.
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Boboc, Nicolae, and Valentina Munteanu. "Impactul activităților umane asupra stării peisajelor geografice din bazinul hidografic Cogâlnic în anii 2004-2014." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.25.
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The high degree of land use in the Republic of Moldova as a whole, and the Cogâlnic river basin in particular, imposes the need to assess the quality of the environment and the characteristics of the anthropogenic pressure on the landscapes in temporal and spatial dynamics and to identifying an adequate of measure system for the purpose to maintain/restore the optimal structure and functioning of landscape systems. Based from the Land Cadastre on data, statistical data of population censuses, bibliographic and cartographic sources, a system, was appraised a system of indicators(of naturalness, of artificialization of landscapes, environmental changes) and quantified human pressure on the environment through agriculture and anthropogenic pressure on forest landscapes from the Cogâlnic catchment area. The values of the indices and the human pressure on the landscapes were processed using GIS techniques and elaborated cartographic models.
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Budrevicius, Julius Donatas, Lina Papšienė, and Giedrė Beconytė. "Automatic Generalization of Cartographic Data for Multi-scale Maps Representations." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.169.
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The multi-scale base map compiled from the official 1:10 000 framework data is served as the background in the national geoportal map browser. High expectations of the users of this map – both up-to-datedness and comfort of use – are pressing to search for more efficient methods to generate it preserving highest cartographic quality. There are two ways towards that: (a) automated generalization of the georeference base dataset into smaller scale datasets that are then used as sources for the multi-scale web map and (b) automated cartographic generalization of the single source dataset into multi-scale map layers (used in Lithuanian geoportal). As it is commonly believed that generation of Web map layers from separately generalised data sources is more appropriate, the authors performed a research in order to compare the two methods in terms of precision of representations, efficiency of update and communicative quality of the resulting maps. Some procedures that allow for improvement of visualization quality when the second method is used are discussed in the paper. The main conclusion drawn from the research is that a multi-scale map generated by means of cartographic generalization can for many applications successfully replace multi-scale map generated from separately generalized data sources.
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Wang, Huanliang, and Jianjun Zhu. "Interactive Cartographic Drawing within the RIA/Silverlight Environment." In 2011 Workshop on Digital Media and Digital Content Management. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dmdcm.2011.23.
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Guinda, Xabier, Araceli Puente, José A. Juanes, Francisco Royano, Felipe Fernández, Marco A. Vega, Andrés García, et al. "AMBEMAR-DSS: A Decision Support System for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energies." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78002.
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The high energy demand and the threat of climate change have led to a remarkable development of renewable energies, initially through technologies applied to the terrestrial environment and, recently, through the awakening of marine renewable energies. However, the development of these types of projects is often hampered by failure to pass the corresponding environmental impact assessment process. The complexity of working in the marine environment and the uncertainties associated with assessing the impacts of such projects make it difficult to carry out objective and precise environmental impact assessments. AMBEMAR-DSS seeks to establish a basis for understanding and agreement between the different stakeholders (project developers, public administrations, environmental organizations and the public in general), in order to find solutions that allow the development of marine renewable energies, minimizing their environmental cost. For this purpose, a DSS is proposed which, based on cartographic information and using objective and quantifiable criteria, allows comparative assessments and analyses between different project alternatives. The analytical procedures used by the system include, among others, hydrodynamic modeling tools and visual impact simulators. In addition, impacts on marine species are assessed taking into account intrinsic ecological and biological aspects. The magnitude of the impacts is quantified by means of fuzzy logic operations and the integration of all the elements is carried out by an interactive multi-criteria analysis. The results are shown in tables, graphs and figures of easy interpretation and can be also visualized geographically by means of a cartographic viewer. The system identifies the main impacts generated in the different phases of the project and allows establishing adequate mitigation measures in search of optimized solutions. The establishment of the assessment criteria has been based on the abundant, but dispersed, scientific literature on the various elements of the system and having the opinion of experts in the various fields. Nevertheless, the DSS developed constitutes a preliminary basis on which to build and improve a system with the input of researchers, promoters and experts from different disciplines.
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Gallego Salguero, Áurea, and Miguel Sánchez Marco. "APLICACIÓN DE ÍNDICES DE FORMA EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE POLÍGONOS SLIVERS DERIVADOS DE LAS DIMENSIONES LINEALES DE UNA FIGURA Y SU ÁREA." In 1st Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2017.2017.6567.
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Nowadays cartography is more and more required by users, companies and government agencies. A lot of tasks need digital, updated and quality cartography: Civil work design, planning, landscaping, environmental impact, conservation, etc. This need of cartography is mostly solved by spatial data infrastructures and map servers that make downloading and getting maps easy. Later, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) it is quite easy to perform queries and geoprocessing operations in order to get valuable information which is difficult to get with other tools. However slivers polygons are a serious problem. They can alter the results in spatial analysis, queries and map portray. A map with sliver polygons is a map with false polygons and therefore with errors. We need to remove them. Removing sliver polygons is simple once they have been located. The real problem is to manage to locate them. Some sliver polygons are small, others are large but in both cases sliver polygons are difficult to locate and tell them apart from other polygons. Scientists have used formulas to calculate the shape of objects for many years. Today there are dozens of formulas available that could be used in the characterization and location of polygons slivers. In this article many of these shape formulas are analyzed and conclusions are drawn on whether they can be used in locating sliver polygons.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6567