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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environment (ethnology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Howard, Penny McCall. ""Working the ground" labour, environment and techniques at sea in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185673.

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Drawing on ethnographic research undertaken at sea in north-west Scotland, this thesis builds a labour and class analysis of human-environment and human-machine relations. Fishing 'grounds' are constituted through metabolisms of labour as fishermen develop the affordances of their environments to make them productive. Places are constituted as fishermen transform them through their labour, judge them as significant through their productivity, and name them through the social process of collectively developing their affordances. Fishermen have developed complex techniques for extending their bodily senses far beneath the sea and working there. Tension is manipulated in these extended working practices, and control over these processes must be maintained in order for them to be carried out safely. However, social relations can affect the exercise of control and the practice of maintenance to shape tools and machines around one's body and according to one's intentions. Techniques for moving through the land and seascape include tools and electronic devices such as the GPS, and market and class relations affect what tools are developed and how skippers and crew relate to them. Market pressures are incorporated into the daily lives and subjectivities of commercial fishermen, and can determine the species that are targeted and what techniques are used. They have also affected the relation between fishing boat owners, skippers, and crew as a transition from shared ownership and shared payment to casual labour and low-waged migrant labour has taken place. Class relations affect fishing techniques, subjectivities, their exposure to violence and danger in their work, their control over their own practices and skills, the balance between their work and the rest of their lives, the cosmopolitainisation of their workplaces, and their ability to develop affordances according to their own interests. Work under capitalism is regularly experienced both as an alienating and as a relational, and people develop multiple subjectivities which they draw on as they decide how to act. An 'ideology of nature' has developed with capitalist class relations and division of labour which contributes to mainstream conceptions of the sea as a wilderness where human labour is only destructive.
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2

Anderson, Thomas J. "Reassembling the strange global science, race, and the environment in 19th century Madagascar /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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3

Petty, Karis Jade. "Walking with impaired vision : an anthropology of senses, skill and the environment." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71259/.

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4

Sandberg, Nilsson Hanna. "Olika - eller - lika : "Våra stadsdelar ser olika ut och det är bra"Framställningen av norra och södra Botkyrka genom kommunalt områdesbaserat utvecklingsarbete." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35808.

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In this qualitative ethnological study I explore the local development work undertaken by the municipal Botkyrka, located south of Stockholm. The material is primarily based on the municipals development programs and interviews with officials from the municipal working with local development. Their work is primarily based on achieving sustainable development in various problem areas such as education, unemployment, urban environment, climate change. My aim was to investigate how a municipality, with a declared focus on the benefits of diversity, that at the same time struggles with unequality (in regard to ethnic segregation and disparities in income, education, employment, housing and health), through its local development work presented its different districts. Guided by discourse analysis and postcolonial theory I focused on how the citizens in the districts where portrayed and how the physical and natural environment in these where described. The result shows that the municipal through its local development work is differentiating the districts and their citizens by adopting neoliberal labour market and housing policies, reproducing urban planning ideals and ideas regarding national beloning.

POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING

När man tänker på Botkyrka kommun, söder om Stockholm, är det nog främst till norra Botkyrka associationerna går. Miljonprogramsområdena och röda linjens tunnelbanestationer Alby, Fittja, Norsborg och Hallunda. Eller kanske har man hört sloganen ”Långt ifrån lagom” och vet att kommunen är en av Sveriges mest blandade vad gäller befolkningens ursprung. Men Botkyrka består också av en södra halva och här ligger områdena Tumba, Tullinge, Vårsta och Grödinge. Inte lika kända och inte heller på samma självklara sätt kopplade till Botkyrka som de ovan nämnda områdena i norr.

I min studie har jag undersökt hur Botkyrka kommun arbetar med områdesbaserad utveckling i sina kommundelar. Utgångspunkten för min analys är själva basen i detta arbete: kommundelarnas långsiktiga utvecklingsprogram. När jag samlade materialet till denna studie fanns tre sådana program framtagna, ett för Alby, ett för Tullinge och ett för Fittja. I dessa program formuleras de viktigaste nyckelområden som varje kommundel behöver arbeta kring för att uppnå en hållbar och långsiktig utveckling. Det intressanta med dessa program och det arbete som dessa föranleder är det skillnadsskapande som görs mellan norra och södra Botkyrka. I Fittja och Alby kretsar arbetet kring medborgarnas utbildning och sysselsättning samt områdenas stadsmiljöer. I Tullinge är målen: att utveckla och säkra områdets kvaliteter, att utveckla dialogen med medborgarna och att möjliggöra att leva klimatsmart.

Genom att titta på hur områdena och de människor som befolkar dem beskrivs i utvecklingsprogrammen och hur de kommunala tjänstemän som arbetar med detta förhåller sig till dessa frågor har jag utifrån en diskursanalytisk och postkolonial ansats kommit fram till att det områdesbaserad utvecklingsarbetet i Botkyrka kommun är del i en politisk och samhällelig åskådning som särskiljer platser och människor. Det områdesbaserade utvecklingsarbetet medverkar därmed till att reproducera bilden av den problematiska invandrarförorten och det idylliska villasamhället. Framställningarna som görs i mitt material visar hur kommunen positionerar sina kommundelar i relation till varandra. Tullinge utgör det oproblematiska, normativa och osynliga medan Alby och Fittja representeras av problembilder, det annorlunda och hjälpbehövande. Kommunen marknadsför sig som en progressiv aktör som arbetar för mångfald och mänskliga rättigheter, emot rasism och diskriminering samtidigt som man genom det områdesbaserad arbetet är delaktig i stigmatiseringen av platserna och människorna i norra Botkyrka. 

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5

Dark, Tyra. "Impact of area social predictors of health on Black-White disparities in stroke mortality." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002014.

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6

Nathalie, Savalois. "Partager l'espace avec une espèce protégée qui s'impose. Approches croisées des relations entre habitants et goélands (Larus michahellis) à Marseille." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789194.

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La nidification urbaine des goélands est un phénomène récent et potentiellement conflictuel. A Marseille, la focalisation sur la gestion des déchets urbains pour expliquer ce phénomène élude la question du potentiel rôle actif des goélands. Les approches disciplinaires ayant des difficultés à rendre compte de la complexité des relations entre hommes et animaux, cette recherche adopte une approche interdisciplinaire et symétrisante impliquant à la fois observation des goélands, recueil des discours et pratiques des acteurs humains, et analyse de leurs relations dans la diachronie via l'étude d'archives. L'ensemble de nos résultats montre que la nidification urbaine des goélands s'inscrit dans un long processus qui n'est pas uniquement lié à la gestion des déchets urbains. Les propriétés interactives du goéland y tiennent un rôle non négligeable. Il s'affirme ainsi comme un acteur de la relation, capable d'ajuster ses comportements à ceux des humains et de défendre ses intérêts. Les comportements du goéland, à la fois oiseau sauvage qui interagit avec l'humain et voisin envahissant, sont de plus considérés par de nombreux habitants comme surprenants et intéressants, mais aussi ambigus, voire inciviques. L'analyse de cette forme nouvelle de cohabitation entre hommes et goélands montre la nécessité de donner une nouvelle place analytique à l'animal. Elle encourage l'étude des liens entre hommes et animaux dans leur contexte social, écologique et historique pour en saisir le caractère interactif et dynamique. Enfin, elle donne à penser la protection de la nature non plus seulement en termes de biens mais aussi et surtout en termes de liens.
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7

Roturier, Samuel. "La gestion des pâtures de lichen au cours de la régénération forestière : associer les savoirs locaux des éleveurs de rennes Sami et la sylviculture." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483086.

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En Suède boréale, les techniques de régénération forestière utilisées par la foresterie moderne, notamment les préparations de sols précédant la plantation, endommagent les pâtures de lichen terricoles (Cladina spp.), et sont devenues une source de conflit entre forestiers et éleveurs de rennes Sami. L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier des stratégies de régénération forestière pouvant réduire les perturbations et promouvoir le ré-établissement du lichen des rennes. Les savoirs et les pratiques des éleveurs Sami sur la ressource en lichen sont également analysés. Les effets de préparations de sol moins perturbatrices sur le ré-établissement du tapis de lichen, le pâturage des rennes et l'établissement de plants de Pinus sylvestris furent étudiés. L'utilisation de l'HuMinMix, technique mélangeant le couvert de lichen avec la couche d'humus et le sol minéral, est favorable à la régénération du tapis de lichen par comparaison aux préparations de sols conventionnelles. Cependant, l'établissement des jeunes pins est supérieur suivant une préparation exposant seulement le sol minéral. L'occurrence de dégâts mécaniques, possiblement causés par le piétinement des rennes, est un argument pour éviter la plantation dans les parcelles fortement fréquentées par les rennes, au profit de la régénération naturelle ou de l'ensemencement afin d'éviter les conflits avec les propriétaires forestiers. La régénération complète du tapis de lichen suivant la préparation de sol HuMinMix est estimée à une dizaine d'année comparé à plus de cinquante ans suivant les techniques conventionnelles. Les possibilités de dispersion artificielle du lichen, par exemple dans des parcelles fortement endommagées par les préparations de sol, sont également étudiées. La nature du substrat s'avère être un facteur clé pour l'établissement du lichen dispersé. Le sol minéral se révèle être un substrat ne permettant pas l'immobilisation des fragments de lichen, alors que les substrats organiques sont favorables à l'établissement et à la croissance du lichen. Au cours du suivi de 17 parcelles en régénération, toutes les espèces du genre Cladina furent observées colonisant naturellement les sols scarifiés. Néanmois la présence d'espèces de lichen pionnières semble favoriser l'établissement des lichens du genre Cladina. Toutes les méthodes de dispersion testées résultèrent en un établissement effectif du lichen. Néanmoins l'établissement suivant la transplantation de thalles lichéniques entiers, non-fragmentés, fût sévèrement réduit par le pâturage des rennes, alors que l'établissement à partir de thalles fragmentés le fût beaucoup moins. Une étude ethnolinguistique permit également de démontrer que, contrairement à son usage dans la culture occidentale où le mot ‘pâture' est associé à une communauté végétale spécifique, l'usage par les éleveurs Sami du même mot (guohtun en Sami) inclut l'effet de la neige sur les pâtures de lichen et leur pâturage par les rennes. Les éleveurs de rennes Samis utilisent leurs savoirs sur l'influence de la végétation forestière sur les conditions de neige, et donc les conditions de pâturage, pour élaborer des stratégies de pâturage au cours de l'hiver. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire d'intégrer le savoir des éleveurs Sami sur les pâturages hivernaux en tenant compte des conséquences de la régénération forestière sur le développement et la structure du peuplement, afin d'améliorer la compréhension des effets de la production forestière sur le pâturage hivernal des rennes, et pour développer des stratégies qui satisfassent les gestionnaires forestiers et les éleveurs de rennes.
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8

Lescureux, Nicolas. "Maintenir la réciprocité pour mieux coexister ?Ethnographie du récit kirghiz des relations dynamiques entre les hommes et les loups." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368933.

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Confronté aux difficultés des différentes disciplines à dégager les propriétés interactives des relations hommes-loups, j'ai interrogé les Kirghiz sur leurs relations, dans la synchronie et la diachronie. J'ai adopté une démarche ethno-éthologique intégrant le comportement de l'animal et la manière dont il est perçu afin de déterminer ses influences sur les savoirs et les pratiques humaines.
Intelligent et doué d'intentionnalité, le loup se voit attribuer par les Kirghiz une intériorité similaire à la leur et apparaît comme un alter ego. Pratiques d'élevage et de chasse viennent confirmer cette conception et participent à son émergence. Il apparaît ainsi que les Kirghiz se trouvent engagés dans une interrelation faite d'interactions réciproques. L'impact de la chute de l'URSS sur les pratiques humaines puis sur les comportements des loups montre le caractère dynamique des interrelations et conduit à considérer la relation des Kirghiz avec les loups comme une co-évolution.
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9

Feaux, de la Croix Jeanne. "Moral geographies in Kyrgyzstan : how pastures, dams and holy sites matter in striving for a good life." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1862.

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This thesis is an ethnography of how places like mountain pastures (jailoos), hydro-electric dams and holy sites (mazars) matter in striving for a good life. Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in the Toktogul valley of Kyrgyzstan, this study contributes to theoretical questions in the anthropology of post-socialism, time, space, work and enjoyment. I use the term ‘moral geography’ to emphasize a spatial imaginary that is centred on ideas of ‘the good life’, both ethical and happy. This perspective captures an understanding of jailoos which connects food, health, wealth and beauty. In comparing attitudes towards a Soviet and post-Soviet dam, I reveal changes in the nature of the state, property and collective labour. People in Toktogul hold agentive places like mazars and non-personalized places like dams and jailoos apart, implying not one overarching philosophy of nature, but a world in which types of places have different gradations of object-ness and personhood. I show how people use forms of commemoration as a means of establishing connections between people, claims on land and aspirations of ‘becoming cultured’. I demonstrate how people draw on repertoires of epic or Soviet heroism and mobility in conceiving their life story and agency in shaping events. Different times and places such as ‘eternal’ jailoos and Soviet dams are often collapsed as people derive personal authority from connections to them. Analysing accounts of collectivization and privatization I argue that the Soviet period is often treated as a ‘second tradition’ used to judge the present. People also strive for ‘the good life’ through working practices that are closely linked to the Soviet experience, and yet differ from Marxist definitions of labour. The pervasively high value of work is fed from different, formally conflicting sources of moral authority such as Socialism, Islam and neo-liberal ideals of ‘entrepreneurship’. I discuss how parties, poetry and song bring together jakshylyk (goodness) as enjoyment and virtue. I show how song and poetry act as moral guides, how arman yearning is purposely enjoyed in Kyrgyz music and how it relates to nostalgia and nature imagery. The concept of ‘moral geography’ allows me to investigate how people strive for well-being, an investigation that is just as important as focusing on problem-solving and avoiding pain. It also allows an analysis of place and time that holds material interactions, moral ideals, economic and political dimensions in mind.
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10

Pearson, Thomas W. ""Life is not for sale!" environmentalism, civil society, anti-neoliberal politics /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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11

Touil, Ahmed Nordine. "DE L’EMERGENCE D’UN SUJET ADOLESCENT EN MILIEU EDUCATIF CONTRAINT : ethnologie des pratiques du don, de la réciprocité et des alliances contrebandières à l'épreuve de l'éducabilité en Centre Éducatif Fermé." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30044.

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Cette thèse en sciences de l’éducation s’intéresse aux ressorts visibles et/ou invisibles mis en œuvre dans les interactions entre adolescents et adultes, au sein d’institutions qui constituent une alternative à l’incarcération (C.E.R., C.E.F.). Ce travail de recherche ethnographique ambitionne de traduire la façon dont des jeunes en souffrance, via des pratiques « contrebandières », parviennent à mettre en mots leurs actes. Les modes d’échanges, officiels ou à la marge du cadre contraint, irriguent les interactions et permettent de reconnaître des adolescents stigmatisés dans des identités autres que celles leur étant assignées. Notre problématique s’articule donc autour des pratiques du don et de la réciprocité, qui autorisent/favorisent des formes d’alliances, transcendent le principe d'éducabilité et permettent l'émergence d’un sujet adolescent en milieu éducatif contraint. Parce que ces institutions totales contraignent dans un espace-temps performatif, des adultes-encadrant à mobiliser des modalités opératoires d’ajustement, elles favorisent le partage d’émotions. Les expériences partagées permettent ainsi de transcender la figure de l’individu à risques en autorisant l’émergence d’un sujet empathique
This PhD in educational sciences focuses on visible and/or invisible Springs implemented in interactions between adolescents and adults, within institutions that are an alternative to incarceration. This ethnographic research work aims to translate the way dont de les jeunes en souffrance, via des pratiques «contrebandières», parviennent à mettre en mots leurs actes youth suffering through 'smugglers' practices, are able to put into words their actions. Exchanges, official modes or at the margin of the forced setting, irrigate interactions and identify adolescents stigmatized in other than them being assigned identities. Our problem thus revolves around the gift and reciprocity, practices that allow / promote forms of alliances, transcend the principle of educability, and allow the emergence of a teenager in forced education topic.ecause these institutions total forcing in a space-time performative, adults-framing to mobilize operating ways of adjustment, they promote the sharing of emotions. Shared experiences helps to transcend the figure of the individual at risk by allowing the emergence of an empathetic topic
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12

Ekeland, Sjöberg Kerstin. "Berättelsen vi är och bär : om naturens betydelse för vem vi upplever oss vara." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374310.

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Does our cultural background colour our perception of nature? And if so, can it be seen when asked about early childhood memories? These were some of the starting questions I was pondering over after a walk in the forest with 5 women from different continents. Even if we were about same age, it was quite clear that what we saw and how we perceived the surroundings differed. At this time, I got a book written by Bruno Latour and as his thought was intriguing, I wanted to test my understanding of his actor-network theory and search for traits that could explain the difference in our perception by following his advice. This was not as easy as it seemed. My material is based on interviews with three women in their 60´s and early 70´s done during October 2018. They told about their early childhood memory of nature. I used this material to follow the connections back in time and between actors of importance in their environs. I could also find trails that followed them until this day. I have also discussed different aspects of the use of narrative as a tool to make the reality understandable for the individual. How interpretation evolves during life to maintain the importance of one’s life in time and space. Words have the ability to imbed events in a bigger narrative and in that way let things be remembered for the future. How we react to events do depend on both cultural and biological factors and our interpretation of the situation is something that may have duration during our whole life. A tiny thing such as a blueberry can have a huge importance as one of the women told me. I found that a simple question revealed an astonishing amount of information that could be tracked down in time. Cultural tradition could be seen, and trails of family history were observable. Also, nature preferences turned out to have been established early. All three talked about the importance of their type of nature throughout their life, but what they preferred differed. What one of the women found preferable was totally indifferent for one of the others and the source was to be found in these important childhood memories. I have used research from several scientific disciplines and authors as Latour, Bell, Ellen, Frykman, Daun, Saltzman, Ulrich, Kaplan and others. The point of departure is ethnology, but other areas are visited during this study due to the fact that, as I argue, everything is connected, following Bruno Latour in his actor-network theory.
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13

Enqvist, Johan. "Involving forest-dependent communities in climate change mitigation : Obstacles and opportunities for successful implementation of a REDD mechanism in Babati District, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3549.

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The aim of this thesis is to identify how forest management in Tanzania can contribute to global climate change mitigation while improving livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.

A mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is meant to slow increases of atmospheric CO2 while channelling funds to developing countries. In Tanzania, pioneering work in participatory forest management (PFM) has promoted local-level control over forest resource use. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a linkage between REDD and PFM that maximises benefits for communities, forests and global climate.

Three PFM projects with relation to REDD have been studied, primarily using semi-structured interviews with villagers, district officials, project facilitators, researchers, consultants and policy-makers. Analysis consists of comparing experiences at different levels and putting them in the theoretical context of climate change and forest conservation.

The study identifies several issues: local and central government institutions cannot ensure equitable benefit sharing; cross-sectoral co-ordination to address fundamental causes of the problems is lacking; participation of local communities is not satisfactory.

However, the process is at an early stage. Current activities will hopefully contribute to a future framework that properly addresses these and other obstacles. If this is accomplished, PFM and REDD can complement each other in a positive way.

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14

Robillard, Marine. "Pygmées Baka et voisins dans la tourmente des politiques environnementales en Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863420.

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Dans le bassin du Congo, la forêt n'est plus uniquement aujourd'hui le territoire des populations forestières ancestrales. Ceux-ci partagent l'espace forestier avec une multitude d'autres acteurs : exploitants forestiers, sociétés de safari, ONG de conservation de la biodiversité ou de défense des populations autochtones... Si les regards et les représentations sur la forêt sont différents, parfois antagonistes, tous ces acteurs sont amenés à gérer ensemble les ressources et les territoires d'une forêt devenue plurielle sous l'injonction des instances internationales et des nouvelles préoccupations mondiales. Ce travail brosse le portrait d'une zone forestière dans la complexité de ses composantes et de ses changements dynamiques. Il met en évidence comment les nouvelles modalités de gouvernance imposée, en dépit de leur normativité, s'hybrident avec les formes locales de gouvernance et produisent des effets inattendus.
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15

Cortobius, Fredriksson Moa. "ProBenefit : Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2771.

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Legislation on benefit sharing dates back to 1992 and the commandment of the UNConvention on Biological Diversity, hence implementation still has few cases to fall back on(CBD, 1992). The case study of the project ProBenefit presented by the thesis highlights howlack of deliberation can undermine a democratic process. The objective of the thesis is thatProBenefit’s attempt to implement the standards of the CBD on access and benefit sharingwill highlight not only problems met by this specific project, but difficulties that generallymeet democratic processes in contexts of high inequality. To define if the project ProBenefitsucceeded in carrying out a deliberative process the project will be analyzed by the criteria:access to information, representation, legitimacy and involvement.The population in the project area of ProBenefit had a long history of social marginalization,which made it hard for foreign projects to gain legitimacy. The lack of independentorganizations and the late establishment of the project, which resulted in time shortage, madeit impossible to prevent the distrust of the local population. The failure of the projectcoordinators to ensure active participation of all stakeholders resulted in a late and lowinvolvement of the local participants. The absence of independent organization also madedemocratic legitimacy of the process questionable. Even if ProBenefit had a vision ofdemocratic deliberation the project was unable to break down the prevailing unequal powerdistribution which resulted in an unsustainable process and failure. The conclusion of thethesis is that the attainment of deliberation foremost depends on how a project deals with theexisting distribution of power and how it succeeds in involving all stakeholders.

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16

Maass, Petra. "The cultural context of biodiversity conservation." Doctoral thesis, Göttingen Univ.-Verl. Göttingen, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F23A-C.

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17

Couderc, Mathilde. "Enjeux et pratiques de la recherche médicale transnationale en Afrique : analyse anthropologique d'un centre de recherche clinique sur le VIH à Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708458.

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Les conditions de faisabilité des recherches cliniques conduites en Afrique (standard de soins, information et niveau de compréhension des participants potentiels, bénéfices de la recherche pour la population, etc.) font l'objet de débats jusqu'à présent limités aux aspects médicaux ou éthiques. Cette thèse apporte un autre éclairage en analysant ces recherches cliniques comme des objets sociaux complexes, supports de représentations socio-culturelles, de normes et d'enjeux (locaux et internationaux). Fondée sur une enquête ethnographique de 20 mois à Dakar (Sénégal), cette thèse documente les conditions de réalisation de l'expérimentation clinique et plus précisément de la recherche sur l'infection à VIH. Pour ce faire, ce travail décrit la mise en place d'un centre dédié à l'accueil et à la réalisation de dispositifs de recherche clinique sur le VIH (le CRCF) et analyse les " cultures organisationnelles " de cinq études cliniques réparties dans trois structures de santé et / ou de recherche. Cette étude permet d'une part, de comprendre les logiques des acteurs impliqués sur le terrain de la recherche clinique VIH au Sénégal; d'autre part, de restituer le " cadre de la pratique " des projets de recherche (coopération scientifique Nord-Sud, professionnalisation des acteurs de santé locaux aux " métiers de la recherche clinique ", application des procédures standard internationales, mise en place d'un environnement éthique, place des PvVIH dans le processus de recherche clinique, etc.). Enfin, la thèse montre la constitution d'une recherche médicale publique et transnationale dans le champ du VIH au Sénégal ainsi que ses spécificités.
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Morvay, Jenna Kamrass. "The Agency of Activism: What Do Activist Practices Do To/For Teacher-Activists?" Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-094g-fy07.

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The concept of teacher-activism is not new, but activism has generally been framed as human actions or characteristics. This study frames activist practices as non-material affective bodies, defined broadly as something with the power to affect and be affected by other bodies. This power to affect and be affected is what imbues a body with agency. Thus, activist practices are non-material bodies that have agency. The purpose of this study was to explore how the affective bodies of activist practices move across cultures, spaces, and places, and how the practices exert agency as they move. Using multisensory ethnographic methods, this study followed three teacher-activists in their classrooms and at other activist endeavors, in order to sense the effects each teacher’s activist practices had as they exerted their agential powers. Undergirded both by humanist ethnographic methods and post-humanist theories of affect that highlight the ordinary, this study acknowledges the need for the human, even as non-human bodies are the focus. Using an analytical process of rhizomatic mapping the affective forces of the activist practices, this study explored what the practices do to and for each teacher-activist. Information sources for this mapping process included ethnographic fieldnotes, observations and interviews, writing exercises, and voice memos. The findings of this study suggest that considering affects in teacher education for an activist identity may provide a more expansive definition for who constitutes a teacher-activist, spaces in which activism operates, and what actual activist practices can be. It also suggests that attention to affects may make tangible the intangibles of teaching; specifically, the ways in which students are moved by things that seem inconsequential, such as fleeting emotions, ideas, pedagogies, curricula, and classroom decorations. Methodologically, this study adds to an increasing body of empirical studies that support the notion that humanist and post-humanist methods can coexist, and that the contradictions can open, rather than foreclose, possibilities for thinking about what data can do
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Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Sophia Chloe. "Waste and the Phantom State: The Emergence of the Environment in Post-Oslo Palestine." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8XS5TTX.

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In 1995, the Palestinian Authority (PA) was established as an interim Palestinian government on shreds of land within the West Bank and Gaza. One of the new authority’s lesser-known administrative mandates is protection of the environment from pollution. Though the PA was to have a semblance of “self-rule,” the Oslo Accords that established the PA also stipulated that the latter seek Israeli approval when building most large-scale infrastructures—including those designed to manage waste. Meanwhile, emergent ideas about the environment defined it as a limitless expanse. The environment projected out from PA enclaves on thirty percent of the land in all directions—including into the air above and into the subterrain below. The Accords projected environmental responsibility into Israel proper as well as into areas it “shares” with Palestinians in the occupied territories. As a consequence, Palestinian waste infrastructures are objects of concern not only to the Palestinian communities they are designed to serve but also to the Israeli state, to Israeli settlements, to regional neighbors and to foreign donors in far-flung offices who are concerned with “environmental security.” This dissertation investigates a series of multimillion dollar PA projects aimed at protecting what came to be called the “shared” environment through management of Palestinian wastes. In doing so it analyzes the tension between the insistence, on the one hand, that the PA govern “its” population within strictly defined borders as part of a hierarchical system of nested sovereignties in which Israel’s is the superior form, and the imperative, on the other hand, that this territorially-defined, officially interim government perform care for the territory’s longterm ecological future. It tends to be taken for granted that Oslo produced a period of separation by enclosing the West Bank and Gaza and cleaving them off from Israel proper. Millions of West Bank Palestinians are no longer permitted to work in, travel through or even visit Jerusalem or Israel. Israel has prohibited Israeli citizens’ entry into PA areas of the West Bank. This allows PA areas to appear relatively autonomous—insofar as they are viewed as separate from Israel. But in a number of significant ways, Israel continues to control and to direct the daily experiences and future possibilities of West Bank Palestinians. Separation and control are thus equally accurate characterizations of Palestinians’ experiences post-Oslo. This dissertation contends that their particular combination in the post-Oslo period has allowed people living in the West Bank to experience PA governance as what, borrowing a term I heard there, I call a phantom state (shibih dowlah). Palestinians see the limits of PA autonomy vis-a-vis Israel and the PA’s many donors. The PA is specter-like: an appearance without stable material follow-through. People nevertheless treat the PA as a matter-of-fact, tangible part of their lives: as an address for appeal, requests and complaints, as a distinct entity upon which responsibility, blame and, very occasionally, even praise is bestowed. Studies of garbage at the turn of the twenty-first century show that modern waste has the capacity to destabilize and to undermine political systems because of the risks it is perceived to pose and because of the difficulty of keeping it stable and contained. Unlike water, oil and electricity, waste is an infrastructural substrate whose flows should move out from inhabited areas rather than into them. As mobile, abject matter that perpetually threatens the environment, it requires constant monitoring. It is managed at regional scales. In the Palestinian context, waste therefore reveals some of the spatial-geographical complexities that render the treatment of separation and control as an either/or dynamic impossible to sustain. It also reveals the ways in which believing both separation and control to be true for the people experiencing them in combination means living, working and planning within a logic of constant contradiction. Waste is not the only infrastructural substrate that reveals the Mobius strip of separation and connectedness of the post-Oslo period. But waste and its infrastructures are uniquely useful for showing the impossibility and the partialness of a politics of separation more broadly in an emergent era of environmental securitization. This dissertation thus analyzes an incommensurable tension in what Achille Mbembe has called a “late-modern colonial occupation” that operates in the style of older forms of indirect colonial rule. That tension renders governance of people and territory both difficult and incoherent. It produces environmental hazards while seeking to eliminate them. And it performs major political displacements among colonized and colonizers alike.
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Muehlmann, Shaylih. "Where the river ends: environmental conflict and contested identities in the Colorado Delta /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1659836741&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=12520&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Gajula, Goutam. "The Rule of Sanctuary: Security, Nature, and Norms in the Protected Forests of Kerala, South India." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8JW8CZ3.

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The aim of this dissertation is to understand how worries over nature’s degradation, ensuing securitization practices, and emergent norms intersect in environmental protected areas. It concerns the Nilgiri Biosphere in Kerala, South India, and how regimes of nature protection effect the lives of its human inhabitants, the Kurumba, a so-called primitive adivasi tribe. Combining ethnography with archival research, it asserts that the labors and logics of nature protection, present and past, participate in a distinctly liberal problematic of competing securities, manifest in the tension between sovereign discretions and the freedoms of legal rights and market interests. This study makes two overarching claims. First, that during the colonial era, nature’s inessential character allowed for flexibilities in legal interpretation that furthered imperial ambitions. In the silence of the law, norms mediated by colonialist pejoratives operated to satisfy those ambitions, while supplementing the knowledge necessary for government. Second, analysis of recent environmental movements and ecological projects surrounding the Nilgiri Biosphere shows how norms derived from civil society are produced to intervene between security prerogatives and social freedoms. The upshot of these normative practices, I argue, is to depoliticize natures and agencies, while extending and intensifying security’s command of unruly natures. While ensuring lives lived in accordance to it, this normativity endangers those who fall short of or otherwise elude it. To understand this endangerment, I provide an interpretation of adivasi resistances and rejections, in particular the Kurumba turn to illicit cultivation of ganja in the Biosphere’s core area. I contextualize this turn within the history of forest-adivasi relations, recent adivasi actions elsewhere within the Nilgiri Biosphere, and the global discourses of indigenous peoples and the environment. I argue that by operating not through a putative politics of rights and interest, but through counter-conducts and illegalities, the Kurumba present a challenge to the political as such.
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22

Delêtre, Marc. "The ins and outs of manioc diversity in Gabon, Central Africa: A pluridisciplinary approach to the dynamics of genetic diversity of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae)." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623219.

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À travers l'analyse comparative des pratiques traditionnelles de culture du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) au Gabon, cette thèse explore l'origine de la diversité du manioc en Afrique. Diversité est à comprendre ici au sens large : diversité nommée (à travers la variété, qui est l'unité de gestion de la diversité accessible aux agriculteurs), diversité morphologique (sélection des variétés basée sur la perception de leurs différences, à travers des systèmes de nomenclature et de taxonomie particulier à chaque population), diversité génétique (appréhendée à l'aide de marqueurs moléculaires neutres), et enfin, diversité culturelle. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'articulation de ces quatre niveaux, afin d'appréhender le rôle des sociétés comme ingénieures de la diversité du manioc en Afrique. En combinant approches historique, ethnobotanique et génétique, cette thèse montre que le contexte de l'introduction du manioc en Afrique a joué un rôle déterminant dans la construction des relations des agriculteurs à la plante. Sa perception au-delà de la bouture (le mode de propagation du manioc) et sa compréhension jusque dans ses mécanismes les plus intimes (la production de graines et leur utilisation pour augmenter la diversité génétique globale du manioc) ont été largement contraintes, géographiquement et historiquement, par la nature des rapports sociaux et économiques qui se sont construits entre populations européennes et africaines. En analysant les déterminants historiques et culturels de l'hétérogénéité des pratiques et des savoirs locaux associés à la culture du manioc, on montre que les bouleversements sociaux et économiques et la modification de la carte ethnique du Gabon, aux tout débuts de la colonisation, ont contribué à créer un large éventail de situations où la culture du manioc est perçue très différemment selon les populations. L'étude comparée des systèmes de culture, des modes et des rationalités de sélection sur les variétés, traduit très bien cette contrainte historique de l'introduction et des voies de diffusion du manioc en Afrique centrale, et les patrons de diversité génétique au Gabon ne se comprennent vraiment qu'à la lumière de l'analyse de l'histoire des populations étudiées, dans leurs rapports avec les commerçants européens du début du 17ème à la fin du 19ème siècle, et avec l'administration coloniale à partir du 20ème siècle.
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Bukari, Kaderi Noagah. "Farmer-herder relations in Ghana: interplay of environmental change, conflict, cooperation and social networks." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3EE9-3.

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Chatterjee, Syantani. "The New Gateway of India: Toxicity, Governance, and Belonging in Contemporary Mumbai." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-njbj-tq57.

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In Shivaji Nagar, if you are 39 years old you are most likely dead. Some in this neighborhood say it is far worse if you are alive. Yet, seemingly paradoxically, the residents of this neighborhood do not want to leave it. Located between one of Asia’s largest garbage dumps and Mumbai’s largest abattoir, this Deonar neighborhood is popularly known as “Bombay’s gas chamber.” This dissertation examines the social worlds of the residents of Shivaji Nagar by asking how an apparently odious, and potentially toxic place that appears to foreclose all possibilities other than failure, waste and death becomes an object of attachment for its residents.
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Cairns, Malcolm. "The alder managers : the cultural ecology of a village in Nagaland, N.E. India." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150720.

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Smrčka, Aleš. "Komparace tradičního transportu materiálu v horském hospodářství Krkonoš a Šumavy." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338004.

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This thesis The Comparison of the Traditional Material Transport in the Mountain Economy of the Krkonoše and Šumava Mountains introduces the traditional forms of material and goods transport in the Krkonoše Mountains (the Giant Mountains) and the Šumava Mountains (the Bohemian Forest). The way of life in the highland area of Giant Mountains was significantly affected by the Alpine colonization in the second half of the 16th century. The Alpine colonists brought knowledge of logging, mountain economy and transport equipment into the mountains. Inhabitants of the Giant Mountains used water power, skids, later sledge called "rohacky" for bundles of wood. They also used backpacks, textile "loktuse", baskets, wheeled means of transportation and animal skid for the transport of other goods and materials. The comparison shows that the Bohemian Forest unlike the Giant Mountains was populated by gradual colonization of woodmen from the surrounding regions. Various forms of traditional vehicles were applied in this area. Unlike the Giant Mountains there was increasingly developed timber transport on the canals and rivers. The thesis maps the traditional modes of material transport in both regions, highlightes their differences and records their transformation in the present. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Dotte-Sarout, Emilie. ""The ancestor wood" : trees, forests and precolonial kanak settlement on New Caledonia Grande Terre : case study and anthracological approach in the Tiwaka Valley (Northeastern Grande Terre) = Le bois ancêtre : arbres, forêts et occupation kanak précoloniale sur la Grande Terre de Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude de cas et approche anthracologique dans la vallée de la Tiwaka (Nord Est) /|cprésentée par Emilie Dotte-Sarout pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l'Université Paris I, en anthropologie, ethnologie et préhistoire." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147111.

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