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Relevant bibliographies by topics / ENVIRONMENT LAW

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Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'ENVIRONMENT LAW'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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Hatakeyama, Shiro. "Basic Environment Law." Japanese Journal of Pesticide Science 40, no. 2 (2015): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.w15-02.

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OKIYAMA, Fumitoshi. "Environment and Law." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 111, no. 1070 (2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.111.1070_17.

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Arif, Fakhir Ali. "هاوسه‌نگی ژینگه‌یی له‌ ژینگه‌ پارێزی بارانییه‌کاندا". Twejer 3, № 3 (2020): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.12.

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The Kurdish people's interest in the natural environment goes back to ancient times, due to the characteristics and survival of the natural environment of Kurdistan, which has been established in accordance with religious and scientific documents. The purpose of this study is how to develop the mindset and conservation of the natural environment within the framework of social reforms and its application to the behavior and life of the people concerned, on the other hand, to investigate the decisions on the protection of the natural environment, such as the Advanced Model In this age. And its adaptation to environmental principles originates from the religious and spiritual movement. As a result of merging into the national movement, it later became a moral constellation, and to this day, in addition to life changes, these practices, as a successful experience, can be considered one of the sources of the regulation of environmental protection law.

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Cohen, Saul B. "Environment and the Law." CUNY Law Review 3, no. 2 (2000): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.31641/clr030208.

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Leelakrishnan, P. "Environment and the Law." Indian Journal of Public Administration 35, no. 3 (1989): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119890306.

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Buch, M. N. "Law Science and Environment." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 49, no. 3 (1993): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849304900306.

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Alfarsi, Osama. "Trade and Environment Law." Arab Journal of Scientific Research 8, no. 8 (2024): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajsr.2024.352904.

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Lauber, Sabina. "Japan and international environment law — Economy over environment?" Japanese Studies 13, no. 3 (1993): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371399308521846.

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Juyal Anthwal, Sushma, and Dr Rajesh Bahuguna. "Criminal Law: Machinery for the Protection of Environment." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (2020): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200158.

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Skorobogatov, A. V., and A. V. Krasnov. "Law environment: post-classical interpretation." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 3 (2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18163.

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Article is devoted to research of law environment as one of components of law reality. On the basis of post-classical method- ology the conclusion is drawn that the law environment, representing the complete complex of the law phenomena, actions and events, interrelations and relations caused by objective regularities of humanity development, conscious and constantly designed (recreated) by individuals, local communities and society in general which can be used for achievement of definite purposes, satisfaction of re- quirements and interests or realization of claims, characterizes the extent of aspirations, creative energy and real law actions of the subject (the individual, local community, society in general, the state) in a certain existential continuum and defines borders of life of the individual in law reality.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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Mihalopoulos-Filippopoulos, Andreas. "Environment : autopoiesis, environmental law and the city." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271363.

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Daniel, Anne. "Preserving the global environment, compliance with international environment treaties is key." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20970.pdf.

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Lin, Wei-Chung. "Defending the environment : civil society participation in resolving investment-related environmental claims." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33652/.

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Today it is widely recognised that international investment activities can bring significant economic benefits for host countries. To promote a favourable investment climate, international organisations were set up to facilitate the settlement of foreign investment disputes, or to provide financial insurance for investors against non-commercial risks. Moreover, international financial institutions offer finance for governments or private enterprises to implement investment projects. States have also concluded international investment agreements to provide guarantees on the treatment and protection of foreign investors. Meanwhile, however, these investment activities can also create environmental problems for host countries and lead to human suffering. As states have been generally reluctant to take the initiative to secure effective implementation of environmental rules at the international level, allowing entities other than states to make environmental claims before international dispute settlement mechanisms offers practical approaches to protecting community interests and ensuring the fulfillment of international environmental standards in the course of international investment activities. This thesis considers the extent to which civil society organisations (CSOs) can promote, and have indeed promoted, environmental considerations in settling investment-related environmental claims through alternative means of dispute resolution on the international plane. It explores how CSOs have brought environmental perspectives in response to adverse impacts arising from investment activities. It also evaluates the implications of their claims for resolving relevant environmental issues and promoting compliance with international environmental standards during investment activities.

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Huerta, Guerrero Luis Alberto. "Constitutionalization of environmental law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116115.

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This article analyzes how Environmental Law can take intoconsideration some of fundamental rights study categories, by a constitutional point of view, particularly the right to a balanced and appropriate environment recognized in article 2, paragraph 22 of the 1993 Peruvian Constitution in order to develop policies oriented to implementation of constitutional legal status for environment rights and property.<br>El presente trabajo analiza la manera en que el derecho ambiental puede tomar en consideración categorías propias del estudio de los derechos fundamentales desde una perspectiva constitucional, en particular del derecho al medio ambiente equilibrado y adecuado reconocido en el artículo 2, inciso 22, de la Constitución de 1993, con miras al desarrollo de las políticas orientadas a la concretización de los derechos y bienes jurídico constitucionales relacionados con el medio ambiente.

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Kuokkanen, Tuomas. "International law and the environment variations on a theme /." The Hague ; London : Kluwer Law International, 2002. http://www.ebrary.com/.

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Scotford, Eloise A. K. "The role of environmental principles in the decisions of the European Union courts and New South Wales Land and Environment Court." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:23d02748-1197-4f33-a6c6-b98fdbf7c5d1.

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The thesis is a comparative legal analysis of environmental principles in environmental law. Environmental principles are novel concepts in environmental law and they have a high profile in environmental law scholarship. This high profile is promoted by two factors – the high hopes that environmental law scholars have for environmental principles, and the increasing prevalence of environmental principles in legal systems, particularly in case law. This thesis analyses the latter, mapping doctrinal developments involving environmental principles in two jurisdictions and court systems – the courts of the European Union and the New South Wales Land and Environment Court. This doctrinal mapping has both narrow and broad aims. Narrowly, it identifies the legal roles in fact taken on by environmental principles within legal systems. Broadly, and building on this assessment, it responds to scholarly hopes that environmental principles (can) perform a range of significant roles in environmental law, including solving both environmental problems and legal problems in environmental law scholarship. These hopes are based on assumptions about environmental principles that have methodological weaknesses, including that environmental principles are universal and that they fit pre-existing models of ‘legal principles’ drawn from other areas of legal scholarship. The thesis exposes these methodological problems and concludes that environmental principles are not panaceas for pressing and perceived problems in environmental law. It does this by showing that the legal roles of environmental principles, which are significant in environmental law and its current evolution, can only be understood by closely analysing the legal cultures in which they feature. This is a conclusion for environmental law scholarship generally – while environmental issues and problems may be urgent and often global, legal analysis of the law that applies to those problems requires close engagement with legal systems and cultures, as they are and as they develop.

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Pevato, Paula Monica. "International law and the right to environment : encouraging environmental cooperation via the international protection of human rights." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286363.

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This thesis revolves around one central question, the thesis' leilmotif. 'What is a right to environment in contemporary internationalegal theory and practiceT In the course of determining a right to environment's legal status, historical and modem human rights theories are considered. The author demonstrates that most writers have fallen into various rights traps, for instance, when they refrain from considering a right to environment as something other than a human right, such as a non-right, a concept of international environmental cooperation (IEC), or simply one of many goals of international human rights and environmental law and policy (Chapter 2). The author continues the examination of the leitmotif by consulting the sources of internationall aw enumeratedin Article 38(l) of the Statuteo f the InternationalC ourt of Justice, viz., custom, convention, general principles of law, and subsidiary sources Oudicial decisions and teachings of highly qualified publicists), from the perspective of the policy science school of thought. From this legal philosophical perspective, international law is viewed as a process, a system of authoritative decision-making wherein policy choices play a role, thereby expanding the analysis from a strict positive law perspective. Thus, in addition to the 'traditional' sources, the author conducts an exhaustive analysis of 'soft law' sources, including resolutions and declarations; conventional and extra-conventional mechanisms to international human rights treaties (States parties periodic reports, concluding observations, summary records, views in communications, general comments); conference reports, background studies; and conceptso f EEC,p articularly sustainabled evelopment,a mong others,f or indications of any consensuso n a right to environment( Chapters3 and 4). t The author's research is completed by a thorough analysis of many human rights tensions, such as the inherent restrictions within human rights treaty regimes themselves (viz., derogations, limitations, reservations, the principle of legality, drittwirkung, among others), or due to other tensions in public international law, most notably sovereignty issues and competing interests manifested as anthropocentricity, property rights, international trade, development, and aboriginal issues (Chapter 5). These tensions add further hurdles to a human right to environment's fulfilment. The author deduces from an examination of specific human rights, IEC concepts, case law, States parties' periodic reports, and other sources of international law, that the characteristicsa genericr ight to environmentm ight possessa lready exist within various substantive and procedural rights, whilst other attributes are more suitably addressed via a plethora of conventional mechanisms and policies pertaining to international law for the environment. A right to environment does not exist in international law, whether described as a human right, general principle of law, or otherwise. Its recognition would merely duplicate rights and obligations and is thereforeu nnecessaryT. he author concludes that the ultimate goal of a right to environment -- the attainment of a satisfactory quality of life within a healthy, ecologically balanced environment for present and future generations, all thriving in the human and natural worlds -- are encouraged without an expressly recognized right to environment.

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Thiratangsathira, Urasee. "The precautionary principle in international environmental law (with a special focus on the marine environment of Thailand)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/405.

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Although rather recently-emerged principle in the history of international environmental law, arguably, the precautionary principle is more controversial than other principles. Many questions are still unanswered which make further examination of the precautionary principle necessary. In relation to the Law of the Sea, the precautionary principle has been summoned to restrict various marine activities relating to marine pollution, fisheries, and transports of radioactive and hazardous substances, etc. Indeed, the purpose of this study is to examine the present state of affairs regarding the implementation of the precautionary principle in the Law of the Sea, with a particular focus on marine pollution, in order to find a relationship therein. The thesis begins with an introduction into the history and some basic importance of the precautionary principle under general international law. It exemplifies the requirements for state practice as accepted custom, which would also be the applied standard for ultimately evaluating whether the precautionary principle has evolved into a rule of customary international law. Furthermore, in the subsequent part of the thesis, the implementations of the precautionary principle will be scrutinised through the (in-depth) analysis of treaties, declarations, resolutions, national laws and strategies (of Thailand, especially), which will paint numerous pictures of how the precautionary principle has been put into practice over the years. Finally, the main findings of these two parts are summarised. The study shows that despite its ambiguity, the precautionary principle has direct and primary relevance for environmental protection. It recognises a legal character in the concept further than legislative processes, and a flexibility of interpretation within legal rules to boost environmental protection both at the international and national levels. A large number of publications on the precautionary principle have been made over recent years, but the need for explanation still remains. It is not claimed, but merely hoped that the outcomes of this study will put certain things in order.

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Khanum, Farjina. "Trade and environment : striking a balance in international law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14363/.

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This thesis seeks to balance trade and environmental concerns in international law. It studies a number of multilateral environmental and trade agreements to observe the extent to which environmental and trade treaty regimes have made allowances for each other's interests, and whether allowed such interests to be disregarded or overridden in practice. Serious questions remain, however, about the compatibility between overlapping environmental and trade rules in the absence of a clear authority relationship or means of securing unity in the international legal order as a whole. The international legal system does not possess well-developed hierarchies; thus, none of the agreements inherently takes precedence in the event of a conflict. Consequently, the aim should be to achieve a better harmonization of the two regimes through available mechanisms. The multilateral trade agreements have made allowances and included exceptions with regard to the protection of environmental concerns. However, the precise way in which trade institutions balance environmental considerations by comparison with trade considerations is likely to prove critically important for the protection of the environment. It is for this reason that this thesis analyses the current balance between trade and environmental considerations in the international legal order, and proposes ways for improving its coherence.

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A-Khavari, Afshin. "Environmental Principles and Change in International Law and Politics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366628.

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Since the 1972 Declaration at United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, and subsequently the 1992 United Nations Declaration on Environment and Development, environmental principles have been frequently used at the international level in different institutional forums made up of a variety of actors including States and transnational corporations. There are a range of environmental principles which are either abstracted from broader episteme or established as open-textured norms within international environmental law and politics. Given how often they are used at the international level in negotiations, agreements, codes of conduct, or litigation within international courts and tribunals, this work studies whether as abstract and open-textured norms they have a role and function in changing international law and politics. It draws on the concept of social learning, in contrast to socialisation, as the dynamic for changing international law and politics. Environmental principles have to interplay with or constitute processes that can socially persuade or influence actors to establish interlocking beliefs, or to collectively identify with a particular culture. As such, what matters is how groups of actors create meaning from norms in their direct and diffuse interactions with each other, rather than whether individual actors comply with their obligations in accordance with environmental principles. Using three different case studies this work argues that environmental principles are significant for changing international law and politics. Their role and function in this process is relative to the weight and meaning that groups of actors give to them. As abstract and open-textured norms, environmental principles function as frames or structures for ideas and discourses which groups use to create meaning from. Their specific role and function during the interactions of actors’ is variable and depends on how they interplay with or constitute the processes that steer social learning. In this way, they can for example privilege certain discourses or provide groups with the creative impetus for the approaches that they might take to issues. Alternatively, they can establish the terms for how actors’ will socially associate a particular kind of membership within groups. Their versatility and flexibility in ideologically steering the common and collective responses of actors’ to protecting the environment from harm is essential to their significance in changing international law and politics.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Law<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text

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Books on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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Witzsch, Günter. Lesotho environment and environmental law. Environmental Law Project, Faculty of Law, 1992.

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Witzsch, Güenter. Lesotho environment and environmental law. Morija Printing Works, 1992.

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Tatum, Melissa L. Law, culture & environment. Carolina Academic Press, 2012.

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India. Law and environment. Published by Sree Sailesh Biswas for Sikha Books, 1992.

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P, Leelakrishnan, Chandrasekharan N. S, and Rajeev D, eds. Law and environment. Eastern Book Co., 1992.

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Nishtha, Jaswal, ed. Environmental law: Environment protection, sustainable development and the law. Allahabad Law Agency, 1999.

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Law Centres Federation. Environment Project., ed. Whose environment is it anyway?: Environmental law, the citizen and the Law Centres Federation Environment Project. Law Centres Federation, 1992.

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Portwood, Timothy G. Competition law & the environment. Cameron May, 1994.

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Sun-ja, Yi, ред. Hwanʼgyŏngpŏp: Environment and law. Pŏbwŏnsa, 2005.

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1933-, Anand R. P., Rahmatullah Khan 1934-, and Bhatt S. 1931-, eds. Law, science, and environment. Lancers Books, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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Nowicki, Maciej. "Law enforcement." In Environment in Poland. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1731-9_14.

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Dienelt, Anne. "The Environment and International Environmental Law." In Armed Conflicts and the Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99339-9_4.

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Walulik, Jan. "Environment protection." In Brexit and Aviation Law. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429954979-11.

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Brownsword, Roger. "Mapping the regulatory environment." In Law 3.0. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003053835-15.

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Rochford, Francine. "Reconstructing the environment." In Ecological Restoration Law. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429468315-11.

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Nowicki, Maciej. "Reform of environmental law." In Environment in Poland. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1731-9_13.

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Slomski, Patrick, and Jess Harman. "The urban environment." In Drone Law and Policy. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003028031-8.

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Samanta, Jo, and Ash Samanta. "The contemporary health-care environment." In Medical Law. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03826-5_2.

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Rostron, Jack. "Environmental Law for the Built Environment and Environmental Impact Assessment." In The Sustainable Built Environment. Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34418-2_8.

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Bartsch, Ron. "Aviation and the Environment." In International Aviation Law. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203712986-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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Ivanova, Yuliya. "TO THE ISSUE OF THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VEHICLES ON THE ENVIRONMENT." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/103-109.

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A person who has reached certain heights in scientific and technical development has forgotten about his biological component, which in the future can cost him very dearly. We can’t help but worry about what the state of the environment will be in 200–300 years, if many environmental organizations are already loudly declaring an environmental disaster. Therefore, the solution of environmental problems is not the task of a single state, but of the entire world community. Environmental pollution in the 60s of the XX century became a global problem and the situation has not changed at all, but rather the opposite.

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Olds, Jerry D. "A History of Utah Water Law." In Water Resources and Environment History Sessions at Environmental and Water Reources Institute Annual Meeting 2004. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40738(140)8.

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Grudinin, Nikita. "PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/040-048.

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The article deals with some areas of improvement of the foundations of the constitutional system in modern Russia. The author formulated proposals on strengthening the institutions of direct and representative democracy, strengthening the democratic legal nature of the Russian Federation’s statehood, as well as imposing on the state the responsibility for protecting nature, the environment and ensuring environmental safety.

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Al-Abdulkarim, Latifa, Katie Atkinson, Sam Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon. "Angelic environment." In ICAIL '17: Sixteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086546.

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Newsom, Jerry, Harry Robertshaw, and Rakesh Kapania. "Control Law Design in a Computational Aeroelasticity Environment." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1415.

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Minsky, Naftaly H., and David Rozenshtein. "A software development environment for law-governed systems." In the third ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN software engineering symposium. ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/64135.65010.

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Thai, Huynh-Thu, and Yves Lardinois. "FIPE: a forensic image-processing environment." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Kathleen Higgins. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.334528.

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Gschwinder, Joachim. "Sustainability and Labour Law." In Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.20.

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This article explores the question of how sustainability and labour law are interrelated. The modern world of work is characterised by the growing social and environmental responsibility of companies. Especially in the post-COVID era, sustainability also plays an increasingly important role in the corporate context, which is also noticeable in the so-called ‘war for talent’. Achieving personal career goals is no longer enough for employees today. Corporate values and in particular the socalled ESG criteria (Environment, Social, Governance) are thus also becoming increasingly important in the employment relationship and in corporate reporting requirements. In terms of social sustainability, labour law instruments can, for example, promote the creation of a discrimination-free working environment, the introduction of flexible working time models or the protection of whistleblowers. From an ecological perspective, labour regulations are also suitable for implementing ‘green mobility’ and other measures to reduce companies’ ecological footprints. Working from home, which experienced a huge boom during the COVID-19 pandemic, is also sustainable, especially from an ecological point of view. Appropriate consideration of these sustainable work tools in future corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies not only creates a competitive advantage but can also be beneficial in recruitment.

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Özenbaş, Nazmiye. "Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law and Crimes of Pollution." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00772.

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Environmental problems due to economic growth and development policies in the last century ignorant to humanitarian values has become a risky issue for the future of humanity. Since 70's it become a debatable problem in the international arena and due to the search of solutions for the environmental problems, right to environment has stated as a part of fundamental human rights and protected with law. Recently with the emphasis to the preventive functions of criminal law actions against the right of living in a healthy and balanced environment has started to be described as crime and are becoming subject to penalty in the criminal codes. With this study we will analyze crimes of polluting the environment.

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Grebenkina, Irina, and Svetlana Grebenkina. "Autonomous vehicles: Problems of civil law regulation." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (ICENIS) 2021: Topic of Energy, Environment, Epidemiology, and Information System. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103086.

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Reports on the topic "ENVIRONMENT LAW"

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van Zeben, Josephine A. W. Law for the living environment. Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/555563.

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Bertlin, Julian. Climate & environment assessment. Business case: Commercial Law and Justice Programme (CLJP). Evidence on Demand, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.nov2013.bertlin.

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Black, Richard, Joshua Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, et al. Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037.

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The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number of conflicts, the number of hungry people and military expenditure are rising; so are indicators of environmental decline, in climate change, biodiversity, pollution and other areas. In combination, the security and environmental crises are creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic and existential risks. Without profound changes of approach by institutions of authority, risks will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment of Peace surveys the evolving risk landscape and documents a number of developments that indicate a pathway to solutions––in international law and policy, in peacekeeping operations and among non-governmental organizations. It finds that two principal avenues need to be developed: (a) combining peace-building and environmental restoration, and (b) effectively addressing the underlying environmental issues. It also analyses the potential of existing and emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating risks to peace and security. The findings demonstrate that only just and peaceful transitions to more sustainable practices can be effective––and show that these transitions also need to be rapid.

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Quak, Evert-jan. Business Environment Regulatory Reforms and Women’s Economic Empowerment. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.004.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the evidence how business environment and product safety regulatory reforms can contribute directly and indirectly to women’s economic empowerment and micro- small- and medium sized enterprises business performance. The rapid review concludes that business environment and product safety regulatory reform interventions with a narrow look at the design and implementation of a specific law, regulation, or policy, might not generate the most impact. Importantly, robust evidence on what works is far from abundant, except forproperty registration regulations for women.

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Harris, Jody, Sarah Gibbons, O’Brien Kaaba, Tabitha Hrynick, and Ruth Stirton. A ‘Right to Nutrition’ in Zambia: Linking Rhetoric, Law and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.051.

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Zambians in all walks of life are affected by malnutrition, and working through human rights is one key way to address this injustice. Based on research aiming to understand how a ‘right to nutrition’ is perceived by different actors globally and in Zambia, this brief presents a clear framework for a rights-based approach to nutrition in Zambia. This framework identifies rhetorical, legal and practical functions of human rights, and offers a way to think through clearly how different actors might work on the different aspects of rights. Addressing these three aspects of a right to nutrition all together – instead of by very separate constituencies as happens now – is fundamental to a coherent rights-based approach to nutrition. This brief outlines which actors need to come together – from law and policy, activism and communities, across global, national and local levels – and suggests how to start. It lays out the Zambian policy, legal and practical environment as it stands, and suggests actions to move forward in each of these areas in ways that are consistent with the different aspects of rights. Through these steps, Zambia can become known as a hub of action on a right to nutrition, to join with others in using human rights to address the injustice of malnutrition.

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Valero-Gil, Jorge N., and Claudia Sánchez-Vela. The Effect of Firm-Size Dependent Policies on the Economy: The Case of the Repecos Law in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011474.

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This paper analyzes the effects of a firm-size dependent law, on the Mexican economy which includes a small taxpayers' regime known in Mexico as the Repecos regime. It looks for effects on macroeconomic variables and on the industrial structure, on the proportion of small firms in the economy, which are originated in such regime. It uses a general equilibrium model calibrated on the U.S. economy and applies an environment of high taxes on labor and high tax evasion, characteristic of the Mexican economy, so that their effects can be distinguished from those of the Repecos regime.

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Macdonald, Keir. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.006.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.

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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.

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Been. L52121 Coating Deterioration as a Precursor for SCC. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011093.

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The selection and prioritization of field locations that most warrant direct examination of the pipe or other maintenance activities requires prediction of the coating conditions and the environmental conditions underneath a disbonded coating, which may support corrosion or cracking.� Current above ground measurements provide little information and to improve our ability of site-selection, this project considered a combined experimental and modeling approach to specifically identify those coating properties and environmental conditions that can lead to damaging SCC environments. Soil box experiments indicated that near-neutral pH SCC environments are supported by shielding coatings and intermediate conductivity soils, where increased pH levels can be the result of improved current penetration in high conductivity soils or low buffering capacity in low conductivity soils.� As the pH increases, the environment becomes less conducive to near-neutral pH SCC.� TECTRAN modeling indicated an important role of coating permeability to CO2 in maintaining a near-neutral pH.� Degradation of the mastic adhesive may be another source of CO2.

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Kannan, Bharadwaj, Roberto B. Pinheiro, and Harry Turtle. A Spanner in the Works: Restricting Labor Mobility and the Inevitable Capital-Labor Substitution. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202230.

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We model an environment with overlapping generations of labor to show that policies restricting labor mobility increase a firm's monopsony power and labor turnover costs. Subsequently, firms increase capital expenditure, altering their optimal capital-labor ratio. We confirm this by exploiting the statewide adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD), a law intended to protect trade secrets by restricting labor mobility. Following an IDD adoption, local firms increase capital expenditure (capital-labor ratio) by 3.5 percent (5.5 percent). This result is magnified for firms with greater human capital intensity. Finally, IDD adoptions do not spur investment in either R&D or growth options as intended.

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