Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental adaptation environnementale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Environmental adaptation environnementale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Environmental adaptation environnementale"
Croix, Nicole. "Agriculture et environnement dans l'Ouest de la France. Le rôle des politiques environnementales dans les adaptations agricoles." Norois 173, no. 1 (1997): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/noroi.1997.6778.
Full textPinde, S., A. S. R. Tapsoba, M. Sanou, F. G. Traore, R. W. Ouedraogo, S. Ba, A. Traore, H. H. Tamboura, and J. Simpore. "Profils morpho-biometriques de la poule locale du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 7, 2020): 2240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.25.
Full textKamaltynov, Ravil, and Risto Vainola. "SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPECIATION IN THE ENDEMIC AMPHIPODS OF LAKE BAIKAL: MOLECULAR EVIDENCE." Crustaceana 72, no. 8 (1999): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503843.
Full textHabibu, B., I. Abdullahi, M. Hussaini, and H. U. Buhari. "Thermoregulatory response of Yankasa sheep with distinct thick-coarse and shortslick hair types during hot-dry season in tropical Savannah." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2933.
Full textHarde, Roxanne. "Team-based Learning in the Humanities Classroom: “Women’s Environmental Writing” as a Case Study." Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 6, no. 3 (December 11, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2015.3.11.
Full textSAJJAD, Sajjad Hussain, and Nadège Blond. "Transforming Urban Systems." Journal of Urban Environment, March 30, 2020, 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-jue-0101-01-02/euraass.
Full textPommerieux, Mélanie, Nathalie Blanc, Lydie Laigle, and Stéphane Tonnelat. "Capabilités et adaptation en Île-de-France. De la difficulté à intégrer les capabilités dans les plans locaux d’adaptation au changement climatique." Natures Sciences Sociétés, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2021032.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental adaptation environnementale"
Foray, Vincent. "La plasticité phénotypique en réponse à la variabilité environnementale : de la norme de réaction aux mécanismes physiologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10299.
Full textPhenotypic plasticity, i.e. the ability of a genotype to express several phenotypes depending on environmental conditions, represents an important source of phenotypic variability and so plays a major role in evolution. In a variable environment, generalist strategies, able to maintain a stable value of fitness over a wide range of environmental conditions, thanks to a greater plasticity of underlying traits, should be favored. The analysis of reaction norms of physiological traits and traits related to fitness as a function of temperature reveals in the parasitoid Venturia canescens that (i) thermal variability of the habitat determines the shape of reaction norms, according to the trade-off between generalist and specialist strategies, (ii) differences between generalist and specialist individuals are maintained face to rapid fluctuations in temperature that mimic natural conditions and (iii) individuals experiencing greater variability in their thermal habitat have a greater capacity for cold acclimation. These results indicate the existence of two different strategies in V. canescens and therefore a thermal niche differentiation, allowing their coexistence in a heterogeneous environment
Dubuc-Messier, Gabrielle. "Hétérogénéité environnementale et évolution des différences de traits de personnalité chez la mésange bleue (Cyaniste caeruleus)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT083/document.
Full textEnvironmental heterogeneity, spatial variation in selection pressure and gene flow are known to be important for shaping intra-specific variation and local adaptations. However, their roles as drivers of variation and divergence in behavioral traits have seldom been studied. Here, we studied the phenotypic divergence of breeding and fledgling blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) for personality traits across three wild populations situated in contrasted habitats yet connected by gene flow. We first compared the mean personality phenotype of each population. Second, using common garden, reciprocal transplant and cross-fostering experiment we investigated the genetic basis of the observed divergence. Third, we determined the selection pressure acting on the personality phenotype in each population. We found phenotypic and genetic difference between populations and our results suggested that these divergences result from the local selection regime in each habitat. Overall, our results highlight the importance of environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of small-scale intra-specific variation for behavioral traits
Bruneau, Emmanuelle. "Les régulateurs transcriptionnels Rgg de Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311 : étude du rôle de la protéine Rgg0182." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0139/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to characterize the rgg genes of S. thermophilus LMG18311 coding transcriptional regulator and their involvement in environmental adaptation. This work shows that rgg0182 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator controlling the transcription of its flanking genes. The Rgg0182/Shp0182 pair could be involved in a quorum sensing mechanism. This work also demonstrates that the Rgg0182 protein is involved in S. thermophilus tolerance to heat stresses. In addition, the mutant delta rgg0182 cells exhibit a thermo-induced adhesion phenotype via hydrophobic interactions. Analyses by atomic force microscopy of LMG18311 cells of the wildtype and its derivative rgg0182 mutant reveal the presence of polymers only on the surface of the wild-type strain, suggesting that the protein Rgg0182 would regulate the expression of surface proteins and proteins of cell division. A proteomic study coupled with transcriptomic analysis led to the identification of several targets of Rgg0182 involving in various biological functions. The data obtained in this work have shown that the S. thermophilus LMG18311 rgg0182 genes encodes a global regulator of gene expression. Furthermore, transcriptional analyses, in different growth conditions, of the 7 rgg genes present in the genome of S. thermophilus LMG18311 showed that they display different expression profiles that are modulated by environmental conditions. This suggests that these genes would be required in distinct growth conditions. These data raise the hypothesis that Rgg proteins participate in the fine and complex regulation of S. thermophilus gene expression
Alegre, Norza Sior Ana Renza Paola. "Trophic ecology of jumbo squid and predatory fishes in the Northern Humboldt Current System." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS223/document.
Full textThis work provides a contribution to a better understanding of the trophic ecology of important predators in the Northern Humboldt Current System, the jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) by the characterization of the highly variable feeding patterns of these species at different spatiotemporal scales. We provided new knowledge on the comparative trophic behaviour of these species, defined as opportunistic in previous investigations. For that purpose we applied a variety of statistical methods to an extensive dataset of 27,188 non-empty stomachs. We defined the spatial organization of the forage fauna of these predators and documented changes in prey composition according to predators' size and spatiotemporal features of environment. Our results highligh the key role played by the dissolved oxygen. We also deciphered an important paradox on the jumbo squid diet: why do they hardly forage on the huge anchovy (Engraulis ringens) biomass distributed of coastal Peru? We showed that the shallow oxygen minimum zone present off coastal Peru could hamper the co-occurrence of jumbo squids and anchovies. In addition, we proposed a conceptual model on jumbo squid trophic ecology including the ontogenetic cycle, oxygen and prey availability. Moreover we showed that the trophic behaviour of jack mackerel and chub mackerel is adapted to forage on more accessible species such as for example the squat lobster Pleurocondes monodon and Zoea larvae. Besides, both predators present a trophic overlap. But jack mackerel was not as voracious as chub mackerel, contradictorily to what was observed by others authors. Fish diet presented a high spatiotemporal variability, and the shelf break appeared as a strong biogeographical frontier. Diet composition of our fish predators was not necessarily a consistent indicator of changes in prey biomass. El Niño events had a weak effect on the stomach fullness and diet composition of chub mackerel and jack mackerel. Moreover, decadal changes in diet diversity challenged the classic paradigm of positive correlation between species richness and temperature. Finally, the global patterns that we described in this work, illustrated the opportunistic foraging behaviour, life strategies and the high degree of plasticity of these species. Such behaviour allows adaptation to changes in the environment
Bioy, Alexis. "Histoire évolutive et influence de la sélection sur la diversité génétique des annélides polychètes d’environnements extrêmes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS156.
Full textThe question of the variable environments available for a given population has been raised in the past. Levene (1953) sought to see to what extent it is possible to maintain polymorphism in a situation where more than one ecological niche is available. Subsequently, other authors looked for the conditions (selective pressures, niche size, etc.) in which a spatially variable environment, i.e. an environment grouping several niches, could induce or maintain polymorphism. On the other hand, the intrinsic variability of the environment, and therefore the effect it has on the species exposed to it, is little studied. This thesis has been able to highlight the power of environmental variability on the maintenance of spontaneous or introgressed polymorphism in populations. Thus, differences in environmental variability between populations of the same species imply the development of adaptations and can generate and reinforce the differentiation between populations. Along with the life history traits and genetic background of the species, this variability marks the genome and leaves footprints of the environments characterized, among other things, by a contrasting thermal variability. It also induces different and more or less strong selective pressures on enzymatic systems. These selective pressures lead to the implementation of different strategies depending on the species that must make the most of the possibilities offered by their ancestral enzymatic baggage
Vinçon-Laugier, Arnauld. "Influence des paramètres environnementaux sur la biosynthèse d’éthers de glycérol bactériens : étude de modèles biologiques et exemples d’applications (paléo)environnementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1081/document.
Full textSome Bacteria synthesize particular phospholipids, called glycerol ether lipids (AGE) which have a chemical structure at the intersection of the Bacteria and Archea domains. The singular nature of these lipids and their thermostable chemical structure allow them to be well preserved in the environment following bacterial lysis, and suggest their potential to constitute good biogeochemical and/or environmental biomarkers. However, very little information is currently available concerning the modes of formation and the role of AGEs in bacterial membranes. In this thesis, we studied the lipid composition of various pure strains of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria able to synthesize AGEs, grown under various controlled conditions of temperature, pH and salinity. Various structural modifications of AGE were observed in response to variations in growth conditions, some of which being specific to, and linearly correlated with, changes in temperature or salinity. The results demonstrate the involvement of AGEs in membrane adaptation to changes in the physico-chemical conditions, and suggest the use of the structural distribution of AGEs in natural samples as an indicator of environmental conditions. The analysis of the AGE content of samples from different actual and past ecosystems, allowed confirming the potential of AGEs to be used as indicators of variations of (paleo)environmental conditions
Alberto, Florian. "Différenciation phénologique et moléculaire du chêne sessile le long de gradients environnementaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14015/document.
Full textIn order to assess the capacity of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Matt. Liebl.) to withstand the ongoing climate changes, we estimated its adaptative potential for bud burst within natural populations. These populations are located along two steep temperature gradients: an altitudinal gradient comprising 12 populations located between 131 m 1630 m, and a latitudinal gradient including 21 populations from the species’ distribution range. First the demographic imprint on the overall genetic diversity was assessed on the altitudinal gradient populations using neutral markers. Results showed that genetic diversity was homogeneously distributed along the gradient and maintained at high altitudes. The genetic variability of bud burst was measured in provenance tests for 10 populations of the altitudinal gradient. We found a high level of genetic differentiation and a high heritability for the trait. A high variability was also observed within populations, indicating that selection pressures may fluctuate in natural conditions. Genetic diversity of candidate genes for bud burst was assessed on populations from both gradients. A high level of nucleotide diversity was observed, and linkage disequilibrium was low. Selective signatures were observed on few candidate genes. An association mapping study was performed between bud burst variability and polymorphism at the candidate genes on populations of both gradients separately. A total of 16 associations involving 10 genes were observed. These results suggest an important adaptive potential of sessile oak for bud burst in the face of climate change and provide interesting perspectives for the comprehension of evolutionary processes controlling bud burst adaptation of sessile oak
Aujoulat, Fabien. "Adaptation et spécialisation des bactéries environnementales à l'infection humaine : étude des genres Ochrobactrum et Agrobacterium." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13501/document.
Full textThe opportunistic bacterial pathogens (OBP) cause the main part of bacterial infectious diseases. Environmental-borne OBP should encounter dramatic changes in lifestyle in order to colonize human beings. The conditions of this adaptation should precise concepts about OBP and emerging pathogens.The genera Ochrobactrum and Agrobacterium groups bacteria with versatile lifestyles that establish diverse relationships with the eukaryotic cells. These environmental-borne OBP caused diverse infectious diseases in immune-compromised patients. In this study, we undertook an approach of multilocus genetic on large population of environmental and clinical strains of Ochrobactrum and Agrobacterium. The population structures were compared to phenotypic traits related to adaptation and virulence in man, such as growth temperature, biofilm formation and virulence tested in Caenorhabditis elegans and human macrophages models.Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum intermedium are the two main Ochrobactrum species to be involved in human diseases. O. anthropi displays an epidemic population structure organized in two large clonal complexes (CCs). CC4 groups only human associated strains whereas CC1 contain environmental and clinical strains. Population genetics suggested that CC4 is a human-associated clone although phenotypic, genomic and virulence traits do not differ between CC1 and CC4 strains.As O. anthropi, O. intermedium displays a high genetic diversity without correlation between the genetic structure and the origin of strains. The level of genetic diversity among clinical strains appears as high as observed in the whole population. Several data such as a low level of genomic diversity suggested that O. intermedium is associated to a narrow ecological niche. The low number of environmental strains described for this species as well as an optimal growth at 37°C suggested that human beings could be the main niche for O. intermedium. Virulence in macrophage and C. elegans models showed diverse behaviour whereas some strains are able to survive and multiply in macrophages model.Multilocus genetics in a population of Agrobacterium spp. that displays diverse lifestyles, revealed a human associated population as observed for O. anthropi. The clinical genovar A7 groups 80% of the clinical strains included in the study, this strains growing at 42°C. Data obtained in this study will be confronted to the knowledge about other environmental-borne OBP such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and bacteria belonging to the species complex Burkholderia cepacia. All these bacteria displayed sub-populations associated to man or to a particular human disease. These sub-populations suggest a specialization process that will be described in the context of the speciation of bacterial pathogen in order to revisite the concept of « opportunisme infectieux »
Dutilleul, Morgan. "Réponses microévolutives et coûts adaptatifs de populations de Caenorhabditis elegans exposées à des stress environnementaux." Thèse, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5860/1/D2565.pdf.
Full textMarty, Vincent. "Adaptation de l'Archaea halophile halobacterium salinarum aux stress environnementaux : mécanismes de survie et rôle de la protéolyse intracellulaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV087/document.
Full textMolecular systems described for Archaea show primitive and simple characteristics, compared to their homologous eukaryotes. In addition, extremophilic characteristic results in an hyper-robust which makes in vitro manipulation and structural studies much easier. Thus, Archaea represent good models for understanding complex cellular functions, particularly those that involve large molecular machines, such as those involved in proteolysis. My thesis consisted in understanding the resistance mechanisms and the importance of proteolytic systems in the adaptation of halophilic Archaea to environmental stresses. Halophilic Archaea accumulate multi-molar concentrations of KCl / NaCl in their cytosol (3.4M KCl / NaCl 1.1M for Halobacterium Salinarum). This requires a very special biochemistry that allows operation in solvents where free water is scarce. Thus, the proteins of these organisms are themselves halophilic and are soluble and folded only in extreme salinity conditions (2 to 5 M). This particular biochemistry partly explain the extraordinary ability of halophilic Archaea to resist physical and chemical stress (temperature, radiation, dehydration). We study the response of the halophilic Archaea strict H. salinarum at low-salinity stress. Indeed, beyond the osmotic shock, the fall of the environment salt concentration causes a decrease in the intracellular KCl concentration, which should have a direct effect on the folding state of intracellular protein, as in case of heat stress. In the first part of this thesis, a study was conduct to determine viability limits and cytosolic modifications, associated with a salinity decrease. These studies involve intracellular salt dosages, viability studies (microscopic counts, color live / dead), induction of chaperone proteins linked to stress response and biophysical neutron experiments, to evaluate the effect of stress on proteins folding. In this work, a phenomenon of survival at low salinity linked to morphological changes was revealed. To describe this phenomenon, this second study involves confocal microscopy experiences, fluorescence microscopy, viability tests, counting on box, scanning electron microscopy, electron microscopy by negative staining, salt intracellular dosages and proteins separation experiments, to study the overall proteome composition during low salinity stress. In this study, a fall of the intracellular K $^+$ concentration and the proteome clarification during stress was revealed. Low salt concentrations causes halophiles proteins denaturation, the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm involves chaperones systems and intracellular proteolysis machinery. In this context, another objective of my thesis was to contribute to the understanding of the intracellular proteolysis role in the PAN-proteasome system and in the aminopeptidase TET complex, in stress conditions established in previous studies. This part of the thesis involves experiments of endopeptidase activity assay, aminopeptidase activity assay, quantification of mRNA genic expression by Northern blot, immunoprecipitation, proteins separation by sucrose gradient and proteasome chemical inhibition (drug). We show the role of the PAN-proteasome system in stress response and we deepen our understanding of the aminopeptidase TET role in vivo. This protease appears to have an independent role of the proteasome complex. The protease TET seems to participate at the amino acids treatment in cells to maintain the metabolic activities in nutritional deficiencies
Books on the topic "Environmental adaptation environnementale"
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France), ed. L'homme, peut-il s'adapter à lui-même: Marges d'adaptation de l'espèce humaine face aux changements environnementaux. Versailles: Éditions Quae, 2012.
Find full text