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Lillah, Riyaadh. "Environmental literacy: a needs analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011029.
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An impending environmental crisis has been predicted by many which has led to an increased awareness and concern regarding the ability of the planet to sustain human development. Furthermore, organisations expected to be leaders in society, such as businesses and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), have been identified as some of the main drivers behind the ever increasing rate of destruction of the natural environment. Business schools have even been singled out as some of the main drivers behind the degradation of the natural environment by not addressing the knowledge gap of managers in this regard. Given this, the problem statement of this research is to determine how effective existing NMMU curricula are at shaping environmentally literate business graduates. The problem will be investigated from two perspectives. Firstly, from a supply side perspective - investigating the pro-environmental behaviours, ecological and business knowledge, „green‟ management skills and environmental values that students registered in the Business and Economics Sciences faculty at NMMU exhibit. Secondly, the problem will be investigated from a demand side perspective – investigating the pro-environmental behaviours, ecological and business knowledge, "green‟ management skills and environmental values that potential employers of NMMU students require. The focus will be on prospective employers in the mining and automotive industries. To address the problem to be investigated in this study a theoretical framework was developed and tested. This theoretical framework was based on the assumption that environmental literacy is measurable in terms of the behaviours of individuals towards the natural environment and that these behaviours are in turn dependent upon the ecological and business knowledge, "green‟ management skills and environmental values that the individual possesses. To test the theoretical framework an online survey was conducted amongst students registered in the Business and Economic Sciences Faculty at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), while semi-structured personal interviews were used to assess the demand for environmentally literate business graduates in the mining and automotive industries. In total 308 business students participated in the online survey. The findings suggest that students are highly sensitive to moral issues pertaining to the natural environment and have a better understanding of traditional ecological concepts than "green‟ business concepts. It was also found that ecological and business knowledge had the greatest influence on pro-environmental behaviours followed by environmental values and "green‟ management skills. The findings of this study will be used to enhance environmental literacy in the faculty. In terms of the semi-structured personal interviews, the views of eight environmental experts in the South African mining industries were obtained. The general analytical procedure was applied to identify prominent themes which existed in the qualitative data. This involved developing codes and identifying data which related to those specific codes in order to provide a description of and provide some dimension to these codes. Codes were categorised according to their similarity to each other. The different categories identified were ecology, legal compliance, technology, environmental management, sustainable development, pollution and waste management, financial implications and corporate citizenship. Some of these themes were not entirely expected based on the literature review. These additional insights add depth to the analysis of environmental education in South Africa and highlight the gaps in environmental literacy literature. In terms of environmental literacy, these categories had implications for the knowledge, skills, values and behaviours of business graduates. From the findings of this study the researcher concluded that a certain level of enthusiasm for environmental education exists among NMMU students, as well as individuals in the mining and automotive industries in South Africa. However, the level of environmental literacy exhibited by students registered in the Business and Economic Sciences Faculty at NMMU (between nominal and functional) was not considered to be sufficient to operate effectively in the mining and automotive industries.
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Adolfsson-Erici, Margaretha. "Fish bile in environmental analysis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-494.
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Ratti, Carlo. "Urban analysis for environmental prediction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421692.
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Scotland, W. R. "Luminescence techniques in environmental analysis." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/877.
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McIntyre, Stuart G. "Regional economic and environmental analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18912.
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Scotland has a set of legislative targets to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, measured on a territorial basis, introduced by the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009. In addition, the Scottish Government have adopted as a 'national outcome' target a reduction in the emissions embodied in Scottish consumption activities. These targets differ in terms of whether the emissions embodied in exports are included (territorial) or whether the emissions embodied in imports are included (consumption) in the emissions total. The first area of work in this thesis is quantifying the different emissions totals that can be calculated under both of these accounting principles using the currently available data for Scotland. Using the input-output framework, we explore the construction, and the implications, of this range of measures. We also identify some wider issues that arise in the adoption of different emissions targets for a region within an interdependent national economy. The second area of work focuses on understanding the sectoral level relationships which underpin national output and CO2 emissions in Scotland. It is often the case that the focus of policy and public debate is on 'the number' (i.e. the emissions total) and changes in it. Underpinning this 'number', however, is a series of complex economic relationships at the sectoral level which we want to better understand. We seek to better understand these relationships in Scotland using the tools of linkage and key sector analysis. The final strand of work in this thesis looks to explore the compatibility of the current focus of economic policy in Scotland on increasing export demand, with the environmental objectives of reducing Scottish territorial and consumption emissions. There is great emphasis placed by the Scottish Government on the economic impacts of investing in 'green' industries, while little is said of the environmental impact of more general growth in export demand, even though this is a clear economic policy priority.Using a CGE model framework, we explore the implications on both the territorial and consumption emissions totals of a general increase in export demand with flow migration and no-migration. These two cases provide interesting insights on both the long-run impact on these emissions totals, as well as on the dynamic adjustment to the long-run total. The analysis in this thesis answers a number of interesting research questions, and uncovers some additional questions which will be the focus of future research. It is clear that the economy and the environment are interdependent. What needs to be better understood is which parts of the economy impact on the environment, how trade influences the impact of our economy on the environment, and how economic and environmental policy objectives are interdependent.
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Wallington, Tabatha Jean. "Civic environmental pragmatism: a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment." Thesis, Wallington, Tabatha Jean (2002) Civic environmental pragmatism: a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/385/.
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Questions of uncertainty and value conflict are increasingly pervasive challenges confronting policy makers seeking to address the range of environmental problems generated by contemporary technological systems. Yet these questions are ultimately political and moral in nature, and require a framework of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) that is marked by informed and democratic civic governance. Reflecting this, the original, civic purposes of environmental assessment (EA) embraced science and public participation as interdependent elements in the creation of more sustaining forms of human-nature interaction.
However, formal models of EA have forsaken meaningful democratic engagement to technique. Based on the instrumentalist assumption that better science automatically leads to better policy, EA has externalised the civic source of political energy that underpins its environmental expertise. Moreover, debates become polarised when science is uncritically imported into the adversarial forums of interest-based politics, so that environmental science is increasingly unable to support political action. I shall argue that the revolutionary potential of SEA to transform the policy process rests upon a recovery of its original, civic purposes.
My thesis is that a deeper understanding of the relationship between scientific knowledge and political action is required if SEA is to be rigorous, and also relevant to public concerns. Philosophical pragmatism contributes epistemological resources vital to this task. By situating knowledge in the context of practice, and by recognising the dialogical, judgmental nature of rationality, the practical philosophy of pragmatism reclaims the contextually embedded nature of inquiry. When science is embedded in a wider ethical context, the meaning and purposes of environmental knowledge become central questions of policy.
The procedural ethics of both liberal and Habermasian politics cannot address these questions, however, because they relegate questions of the public good to the realm of individual choice. Instead, I argue that public dialogue, guided by a praxisoriented virtue ethics, is required to recover objective environmental goods in the policy process. I also argue that Aristotlean rhetoric, with its focus on the credibility of expertise, is the mode of persuasive argument most appropriate for dialogical public forums. The public philosophy of civic environmental pragmatism is therefore presented as a richer theoretical framework for understanding the contribution of both experts and citizens in the development of environmental knowledge for policy. As a dialogical framework for SEA, civic environmental pragmatism constructively combines the critical/normative and instrumental/descriptive aspects of policy inquiry, both of which are required in the development of socially robust knowledge and politically feasible policy decisions.
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Wallington, Tabatha Jean. "Civic environmental pragmatism : a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment /." Wallington, Tabatha Jean (2002) Civic environmental pragmatism: a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/385/.
Full textAbstract:
Questions of uncertainty and value conflict are increasingly pervasive challenges confronting policy makers seeking to address the range of environmental problems generated by contemporary technological systems. Yet these questions are ultimately political and moral in nature, and require a framework of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) that is marked by informed and democratic civic governance. Reflecting this, the original, civic purposes of environmental assessment (EA) embraced science and public participation as interdependent elements in the creation of more sustaining forms of human-nature interaction.
However, formal models of EA have forsaken meaningful democratic engagement to technique. Based on the instrumentalist assumption that better science automatically leads to better policy, EA has externalised the civic source of political energy that underpins its environmental expertise. Moreover, debates become polarised when science is uncritically imported into the adversarial forums of interest-based politics, so that environmental science is increasingly unable to support political action. I shall argue that the revolutionary potential of SEA to transform the policy process rests upon a recovery of its original, civic purposes.
My thesis is that a deeper understanding of the relationship between scientific knowledge and political action is required if SEA is to be rigorous, and also relevant to public concerns. Philosophical pragmatism contributes epistemological resources vital to this task. By situating knowledge in the context of practice, and by recognising the dialogical, judgmental nature of rationality, the practical philosophy of pragmatism reclaims the contextually embedded nature of inquiry. When science is embedded in a wider ethical context, the meaning and purposes of environmental knowledge become central questions of policy.
The procedural ethics of both liberal and Habermasian politics cannot address these questions, however, because they relegate questions of the public good to the realm of individual choice. Instead, I argue that public dialogue, guided by a praxisoriented virtue ethics, is required to recover objective environmental goods in the policy process. I also argue that Aristotlean rhetoric, with its focus on the credibility of expertise, is the mode of persuasive argument most appropriate for dialogical public forums. The public philosophy of civic environmental pragmatism is therefore presented as a richer theoretical framework for understanding the contribution of both experts and citizens in the development of environmental knowledge for policy. As a dialogical framework for SEA, civic environmental pragmatism constructively combines the critical/normative and instrumental/descriptive aspects of policy inquiry, both of which are required in the development of socially robust knowledge and politically feasible policy decisions.
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Feldman, Alicia. "Environmental equifinality: (Re)Examining predictors of specific responsible environmental behaviours in Australian recreational fishing environments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208423/1/Alicia_Feldman_Thesis.pdf.
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Environmental stewardship is essential to conserving recreational fishing areas. This thesis explores the characteristics of Australians engaged in such stewardship. A novel theoretical perspective (complexity theory) and methodology (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) uncovers complex configurational mechanisms, with multiple equifinal solutions identified as sufficient for performance of stewardship behaviours. Configurations predictive of stewardship differ between environmental organisation members and non-members. While there are numerous, varied configurations sufficient for performance among environmental organisation members, there are fewer among non-members, indicating only a specific subset of non-members perform these behaviours. These findings can inform targeted recruitment and engagement strategies for environmental stewardship participation.
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Gen, Sheldon. "Meta-Analysis of Environmental Valuation Studies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4843.
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Cost-benefit analysis has long been a dominant method of policy analysis. When applied to policies affecting the environment, however, it faced a serious problem. Many policies exert environmental impacts that are external to market transactions, so the values of these impacts resist monetary measurement. This shortcoming in cost-benefit analysis led some researchers to develop indirect and nonmarket methods of valuing environmental goods monetarily. They include the travel cost method, hedonic pricing, and contingent valuation. The popularity of these methods has grown since their inceptions, but so have controversies over their use. Economists and others have taken all sides of the debate over the validity of the methods and their normative implications. These methods popularity and controversies necessitate their critical evaluation. This research fills this need through an extensive meta-analysis of 228 existing environmental valuation studies representing the contemporary practices in each method, and capturing varieties of environmental goods and settings. The analysis tested the convergent validity of the three valuation methods, and measured the moderating effects of select variables. The results show that effect sizes of the hedonic pricing and travel cost methods converge, but contingent valuation produces effect sizes that average 40% to 55% less than the other two methods. This difference varies significantly with the environment good being valued. Other significant moderating variables include the magnitude of the environmental change, the description of the change, and the location of the study. The year of study does not significantly moderate effect sizes. These results supplement descriptive and normative frameworks for environmental valuation described by Barbier (1994), Navrud and Pruckner (1997), and Norton (1995). When the evidence and these frameworks are considered together, the defensible uses of these three valuation methods become very limited. Valuation efforts should focus on multiple dimensions of environmental value, besides economic dimensions, that reflect ecological health and public concerns for the environment.
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Filipsson, Monika. "Uncertainty, variability and environmental risk analysis." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11193.
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The negative effects of hazardous substances and possible measures that can be taken are evaluated in the environmental risk analysis process, consisting of risk assessment, risk communication and risk management. Uncertainty due to lack of knowledge and natural variability are always present in this process. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate some tools as well as discuss the management of uncertainty and variability, as it is necessary to treat them both in a reliable and transparent way to gain regulatory acceptance in decision making. The catalytic effects of various metals on the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds during the heating of fly ash were investigated (paper I). Copper showed a positive catalytic effect, while cobalt, chromium and vanadium showed a catalytic effect for degradation. Knowledge of the catalytic effects may facilitate the choice and design of combustion processes to decrease emissions, but it also provides valuable information to identify and characterize the hazard. Exposure factors of importance in risk assessment (physiological parameters, time use factors and food consumption) were collected and evaluated (paper II). Interindividual variability was characterized by mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and multiple percentiles, while uncertainty in these parameters was estimated with confidence intervals. How these statistical parameters can be applied was shown in two exposure assessments (papers III and IV). Probability bounds analysis was used as a probabilistic approach, which enables separate propagation of uncertainty and variability even in cases where the availability of data is limited. In paper III it was determined that the exposure cannot be expected to cause any negative health effects for recreational users of a public bathing place. Paper IV concluded that the uncertainty interval in the estimated exposure increased when accounting for possible changes in climate-sensitive model variables. Risk managers often need to rely on precaution and an increased uncertainty may therefore have implications for risk management decisions. Paper V focuses on risk management and a questionnaire was sent to employees at all Swedish County Administrative Boards working with contaminated land. It was concluded that the gender, age and work experience of the employees, as well as the funding source of the risk assessment, all have an impact on the reviewing of risk assessments. Gender was the most significant factor, and it also affected the perception of knowledge.Negativa effekter orsakade av skadliga ämnen och möjliga åtgärder bedöms och utvärderas i en miljöriskanalys, som kan delas i riskbedömning, riskkommunikation och riskhantering. Osäkerhet som beror på kunskapsbrist samt naturlig variabilitet finns alltid närvarande i denna process. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utvärdera några tillvägagångssätt samt diskutera hur osäkerhet och variabilitet hanteras då det är nödvändigt att båda hanteras trovärdigt och transparent för att riskbedömningen ska vara användbar för beslutsfattande. Metallers katalytiska effekt på bildning av klorerade aromatiska ämnen under upphettning av flygaska undersöktes (artikel I). Koppar visade en positiv katalytisk effekt medan kobolt, krom och vanadin istället katalyserade nedbrytningen. Kunskap om katalytisk potential för bildning av skadliga ämnen är viktigt vid val och design av förbränningsprocesser för att minska utsläppen, men det är också ett exempel på hur en fara kan identifieras och karaktäriseras. Information om exponeringsfaktorer som är viktiga i riskbedömning (fysiologiska parametrar, tidsanvändning och livsmedelskonsumtion) samlades in och analyserades (artikel II). Interindividuell variabilitet karaktäriserades av medel, standardavvikelse, skevhet, kurtosis (toppighet) och multipla percentiler medan osäkerhet i dessa parametrar skattades med konfidensintervall. Hur dessa statistiska parametrar kan tillämpas i exponeringsbedömningar visas i artikel III och IV. Probability bounds analysis användes som probabilistisk metod, vilket gör det möjligt att separera osäkerhet och variabilitet i bedömningen även när tillgången på data är begränsad. Exponeringsbedömningen i artikel III visade att vid nu rådande föroreningshalter i sediment i en badsjö så medför inte bad någon hälsofara. I artikel IV visades att osäkerhetsintervallet i den skattade exponeringen ökar när hänsyn tas till förändringar i klimatkänsliga modellvariabler. Riskhanterare måste ta hänsyn till försiktighetsprincipen och en ökad osäkerhet kan därmed få konsekvenser för riskhanteringsbesluten. Artikel V fokuserar på riskhantering och en enkät skickades till alla anställda som arbetar med förorenad mark på länsstyrelserna i Sverige. Det konstaterades att anställdas kön, ålder och erfarenhet har en inverkan på granskningsprocessen av riskbedömningar. Kön var den mest signifikanta variabeln, vilken också påverkade perceptionen av kunskap. Skillnader i de anställdas svar kunde också ses beroende på om riskbedömningen finansierades av statliga bidrag eller av en ansvarig verksamhetsutövare.
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Lundberg, Mikael. "Environmental analysis of zirconium alloy production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166178.
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The generation of electricity in light water nuclear power plants uses zirconium alloys as the primary containment and cladding of the nuclear fuel. The environmental impacts of the production of zirconium alloys have been analyzed form a lifecycle perspective. From the mining of the zirconium-bearing mineral zircon to the finished zirconium alloy tube. A qualitative study indentifying the production processes and their potential environmental impacts have been performed. A quantitative study to perform a lifecycle analysis of the zircon mining and mineral separation was carried out. The life cycle analysis for the zircon mining was compared to the current lifecycle analysis (LCA) in Vattenfall's Forsmark nuclear power plant environmental product declaration (EPD). The results showed that the additional impact on Forsmark's EPD, when including the mining of zircon, is below 0.1% of the current levels for all parameters analyzed. A lifecycle analysis for the production of zirconium metal and zirconium alloy tube could not be performed due to lack of data from the zirconium metal industry. The major direct emissions from the zircon mining industry are related to the use of fossile fuels in machinery. The major direct emissions from the zirconium metal manufactoring industry are related to the use of acids.
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Majid, Amran A. "Analysis of selenium in environmental waters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28139.
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14 MeV neutron activation analysis, based on the 82Se(n,2n) Se81m nuclear reaction, has been investigated for the measurement of selenium in environmental waters. The levels of the selenium present in environmental waters and the relatively high limit of detection achievable with fast neutron activation analysis resulted in the need to develop a concentration procedure for the extraction of selenium from large volumes of environmental water before neutron activation.
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Galli, Ester. "Towards frame analysis in environmental conflict /." Stockholm : Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4451.
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Barnabas, Ian Joseph. "Sample preparation in environmental organic analysis." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245205.
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Baniszewski, Beth (Beth Ellen). "An environmental impact analysis of grinding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32880.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
This thesis was intended to investigate the environmental impact of grinding in the United States manufacturing industry. Grinding is an ideal method for producing parts with a fine surface finish and high dimensional accuracy and for shaping hard or brittle workpieces. There are a wide variety of different types of grinding machines, each with different applications and slightly different energy requirements. Workpieces are generally flooded with a stream of coolant while being ground or placed in a spray of coolant mist. Coolant recycling systems are used to filter ground off chips out of coolant and to remove foreign oils and bacteria which pose health hazards. Oil mist collectors both clean mist coolant and prevent the toxic coolant from being inhaled by machinists. In total, 63 *10¹⁵ joules of energy are consumed per year by grinding in manufacturing, 57% of which is directly used in material removal. A total of 1.5*10¹⁰ pounds of scrap chips, spent grinding wheels, and used filters are produced each year as a result of grinding, over 99% of that being scrap chips. About 2.3 million gallons of fluids per year of grinding fluids are incinerated. Grinding creates a significant environmental footprint, creating a need for methods to reduce energy use in grinding and for ways to recycle solid waste that would otherwise be sent to landfills or incinerated.
by Beth Baniszewski.
S.B.
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Thiriez, Alexandre. "An environmental analysis of injection molding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35646.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-90).
This thesis investigates injection molding from an environmental standpoint, yielding a system-level environmental analysis of the process. There are three main objectives: analyze the energy consumption trends in injection molding machinery, explore the environmental performance of different technological alternatives, and provide a transparent life cycle inventory (LCI) identifying the mayor players in terms of environmental impact. The choice of injection molding machine type (hydraulic, hybrid or all-electric) has a substantial impact on the specific energy consumption (SEC), energy used per kg of processed polymer. The SEC values for hydraulic, hybrid and all-electric machines analyzed are 19.0, 13.2 and 12.6 MJ/kg respectively (including auxiliaries, compounding and the inefficiency of the electric grid). For hydraulic and hybrid machines SEC seems to exhibit a decreasing behavior with increasing throughput. This derives from spreading fixed energy costs over more kilograms of polymer as throughput increases. For all-electric machines SEC is constant with throughput. As viscosity and specific heat capacity increase so does SEC. Finally, SEC varies greatly with part shape. The thinner and the greater the projected area of the part the greater the SEC.
(cont.) When the polymer production stage is included in the analysis, the energy consumption values increase up to 100 MJ/kg. After polymer production, injection molding and extrusion have the greatest environmental impact in the whole LCI. The overall injection molding energy consumption (excluding polymer production) in the U.S. on a yearly basis amounts to 2.06 x 108 GJ. This value is of similar magnitude to the overall U.S. energy consumption for sand casting, and to the entire electricity production of some developed countries.
by Alexandre Thiriez.
S.M.
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Altaf, Muhammad Umair Bin. "Environmental sounds: acquisition, analysis, and representation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53953.
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The dissertation presents the design and development of a systematic
signal analysis and representation framework beyond short-time Fourier
power spectrum for sounds, in particular environmental sounds. This
framework is consistent with the underlying assumptions of the
analysis method and its elements are correlated with human
perception. The sound signal has to conform to certain conditions for
its power spectrum to have a physical and perceptual meaning. We
contend that very few environmental sounds readily meet these criteria
and argue that the quantities that are traditionally used to describe
sounds need to be repurposed and, if necessary, redefined to represent
sounds by non-Fourier means. We propose a perceptuo-analytic
organization of sounds so that any environmental sound can be analyzed
based on its signal characteristics and perception.
We present environmental sound acquisition in the context of
collection and annotation of a database for the footstep sounds, a
common environmental sound, and show that it can be represented by
these unconventional means and further analyzed to produce
descriptions which are obscured with the traditional analysis. We
present a novel application of extracting gait characteristics from
the footstep sounds which is enabled by the proposed framework.
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Hidayanto, Eko. "Portable Elemental Analysis for Environmental Samples." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/66207.
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Marquart-Pyatt, Sandra T. "A comparative analysis of environmental concern." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091579241.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 248 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-194). Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Aug. 4.
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Rodeia, José Pedro dos Santos. "Analysis and recognition of similar environmental sounds." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2305.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaHumans have the ability to identify sound sources just by hearing a sound. Adapting the same problem to computers is called (automatic) sound recognition. Several sound recognizers have been developed throughout the years. The accuracy provided by these recognizers is influenced by the features they use and the classification method implemented. While there are many approaches in sound feature extraction and in sound classification, most have been used to classify sounds with very different characteristics. Here, we implemented a similar sound recognizer. This recognizer uses sounds with very similar properties making the recognition process harder. Therefore, we will use both temporal and spectral properties of the sound. These properties will be extracted using the Intrinsic Structures Analysis (ISA) method, which uses Independent Component Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. We will implement the classification method based on k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Here we prove that the features extracted in this way are powerful in sound recognition. We tested our recognizer with several sets of features the ISA method retrieves, and achieved great results. We, finally, did a user study to compare human performance distinguishing similar sounds against our recognizer. The study allowed us to conclude the sounds are in fact really similar and difficult to distinguish and that our recognizer has much more ability than humans to identify them.
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Ahlroth, Sofia. "Valuation of environmental impacts and its use in environmental systems analysis tools." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11765.
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To, Man-ping Mandy. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425131.
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Reddy, Shaada. "Adult conceptions of the environment: an analysis of a formal curriculum in Environmental Education." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18323.
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This research reports on an evaluation of conceptions of the environment held by a group of students at the University of Cape Town. This group of students were all registered for the degree of Bachelor of Education, and included in their curricula the elective in Environmental Education. The research attempts to describe the constructivist approach as implemented in the course in Environmental Education over a prescribed period, and to explore the impact of such an approach on student conceptions. The research was conducted primarily through the use of two questionnaires together with unstructured interviews. The results of the questionnaires and interviews were used to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively the development of student conceptions of the environment. The first questionnaire was administered early on in the course, while the second was administered towards the end of the course. In this way it was possible to make a comparative study of the responses. The results indicate that the course contributed to some shift in student conceptions of the environment, and that it contributed also towards the development of environmental attitudes, values and behaviour. The work concludes with suggestions for developing aspects of the course design, in the light of insights gained by this research.
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Goldblatt, David Steven. "Social theory and the environment : an analysis of the writings of Giddens, Gorz and Habermas on environmental degradation and environmental politics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272672.
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Atay, Deniz. "Environmental Effectiveness Analysis Of Caspian Hydrocarbon Development." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610924/index.pdf.
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Caspian region's hydrocarbon deposits constitute one of the significant reserves in the world. This has caused a competition among state and non-state actors in exploiting these resources since 19th century. After the Soviet demise, the newly independent states embraced the economic gains made possible with the existence of these reserves. However oil production may have negative implications on environment, ecological balance and biodiversity if carried out in an uncontrolled manner. This study aims to identify these negative impacts and measures taken to control this process. Measures taken on national, regional and international levels are analyzed to find out the extent of their effectiveness in protecting the environment during oil operations. National legal frameworks of each littoral state, impacts of civil society organizations, regional and international legal frameworks and efforts of international organizations are evaluated. Since most of these improvements are relatively new with no viable outcome at hand, the process rather than the results is focused on. The application of time, holism and action-orientation parameters to these improvements to find out the environmental effectiveness of each shows that there is a preliminary burgeoning awareness in matters of environmental protection yielding to more effective efforts than before. Yet the economic gains remain too significant a temptation for the states in the region to be sacrificed. In the cases where measures taken to protect the environment undermine these economic gains, environmental effectiveness is forsaken.
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Faustine, Claire. "Environmental Review of Petroleum Industry Effluent Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32828.
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The present report deals with environmental issues in refineries and petrochemical processes.More precisely gaseous, liquid and solid effluents from processes are analysed qualitativelyand quantitatively when possible. Techniques to treat these effluents are reviewed or proposedwhen lacking and methods to do not produce these effluents are envisaged.In the part A of the report general effluents that are released from all types of processes arestudied. These effluents include fugitive emissions, flue gases from process heaters,blowdown systems emissions and wastewaters. Fugitive emissions, one of the greatestsources of VOCs can be qualified and quantified by the average emission factor approach andreduced thanks to the implementation of an LDAR program. Flue gases from process heaters,which are a major source of NOx, SOx and particulate matters can be characterized withemission factors and several techniques exist to treat or prevent these emissions. Concerningblowdown systems emissions, which are difficult to quantify, methods to minimize theseemissions are given. Finally, wastewaters treatment in petroleum industry is shortly describedbefore best management practices and pollution prevention methods are enounced.In the part B of the report four families of processes are studied: naphtha hydrotreatment,naphtha isomerization, catalytic reforming and hydrogenation in olefin plants. Each of theseprocesses is firstly described, the process flow diagram is explained and continuous andintermittent effluents are characterized. In addition to general effluents dealt with in part A, ithas been found that processes can produce other effluents such as dioxins in isomerization orcatalytic reforming units or green oils during catalyst regeneration operations.Division Industrial Ecologywww.kth.se/itm/indecowww.ima.kth.se
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Lantz, Van. "Theoretical foundations for environmental Kuznets curve analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0012/NQ61655.pdf.
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Lafleur, Josiane. "Hybrid microscale analytical methods for environmental analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86503.
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The contamination of natural resources by human activity can have severe socio-economical impacts. Environmental analytical chemistry plays an essential role in the solving of these environmental problems. However, conventional environmental analytical procedures are generally lengthy and necessitate several steps. Hybrid microscale analytical techniques have been developed with the objective of minimizing the number of sample preparation steps, avoiding the use of organic solvents and reducing the size of the samples required for an analysis as well as increasing the speed of analyses.An Inductively Heated - Electrothermal Vaporizer (IH-ETV) was coupled to an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) to vaporize mercury from single human hair strands without any prior sample preparation, such as the destruction of its matrix by digestion. The results were comparable to those obtained with a reference method.
For samples requiring chromatographic separation, sample handling was minimized by direct coupling of the chromatographic procedure to an ICP-MS through Laser Ablation (LA). Cr3+ and Cr6+ were separated on silica gel High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography plates (HPTLC) using aqueous mobile phases. LA was used to volatilize the chromium species directly from the chromatographic stationary phase material for ICP-MS detection. This procedure allows for a rapid separation and quantification, and requires only 0.5 μL of sample.
The same procedure was used to couple miniature Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) columns implemented on centrifugal microfluidic discs to an ICP-MS to determine pre-concentrated metal chelates from drinking water. The miniature SPE devices require only 1 - 600 μL samples, allowing a reduction of three to four orders of magnitude in sample size compared to the conventional procedure, and the device requires no more than a simple motor to actuate fluid flow. The centrifugal microfluidic SPE discs can be used to perform up to eight extractions simultaneously and allow the easy storage of samples before transport to the laboratory for LA-ICP-MS analysis.
Finally, the centrifugal microfluidic SPE discs were modified to allow their coupling to absorption and fluorescence spectrometers. As well as the advantages listed above, this hyphenated system allows the in-situ screening of aquatic organic pollutants trapped on the SPE column directly in the field using simple and small light sources and detectors.
La contamination des ressources naturelles par l'activité humaine peut avoir des impacts socio-économiques graves pour les communautés qui en dépendent et la chimie analytique environnementale constitue un élément essentiel dans la résolution de ces problèmes environnementaux. Cependant, les procédés conventionnels d'analyse sont généralement longs et nécessitent plusieurs étapes. Plusieurs techniques hybrides ont été développées afin de: minimiser le nombre d'étapes nécessaires à la préparation d'un échantillon, éviter l'utilisation de solvants organiques, réduire la taille des échantillons, en plus de réduire le temps nécessaire pour compléter une analyse.
Un vaporisateur électrothermique à chauffage induit (IH-ETV) fut couplé à un plasma à couplage inductif avec détection par spectrométrie de masse (ICP-MS). Cette procédure permet de quantifier le mercure contenu dans un brin de cheveu sans aucune préparation préalable de l'échantillon, telle que la destruction de sa matrice par digestion. Les résultats obtenus sont comparables à ceux obtenus avec la méthode de référence.
Afin d'obtenir plus d'information sur la forme physico-chimiques de certains éléments, il est avantageux d'associer des techniques séparatives simples à l'ICP-MS. La chromatographie en couches minces (CCM) fut couplée directement à L'ICP-MS, à l'aide d'un système d'ablation laser (LA). Après leur spéciation sur du gel de silice à l'aide d'un éluant à base d'eau, Cr3+ et Cr6+ ont étés prélevés directement sur la phase stationnaire par LA. Cette procédure à permis la spéciation et quantification rapide du chrome à partir d'un échantillon de 0.5 µL.
La méthode LA-ICP-MS fut également utilisée pour déterminer des complexes métal-8-hydroxyquinoline préconcentrés par adsorption sur des microcolonnes d'extraction en phase solide (SPE) incorporées à des plateformes microfluidiques centrifuges. Ces dispositifs miniatures de SPE nécessitent des échantillons de 1 - 600 µL, une réduction de trois à quatre ordres de grandeur, comparativement à la méthode conventionnelle, en plus d'éliminer l'élution du complexe chélaté à l'aide d'un solvant organique. Ce dispositif permet l'extraction simultanée de huit échantillons et peut aussi servir à entreposer les échantillons durant leur transport au laboratoire pour l'analyse par LA-ICP-MS.
Finalement, ces plateformes microfluidiques ont été modifiées pour permettre le couplage avec un spectromètre d'absorption ou d'émission. En plus des avantages susmentionnés, ce dispositif permet le contrôle de polluants organiques aquatiques directement sur le site d'échantillonnage par absorbance et fluorimétrie mesurées directement sur la microcolonne SPE.
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Petsul, Peter Haei. "Micro-flow injection analysis for environmental studies." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322521.
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Wan, Mun-wah, and 溫曼華. "An environmental analysis of the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128262.
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Fast, Cornelia. "An Ecofeminist Analysis of Swedish Environmental Policies." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-168108.
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The ways in which countries’ environmental performances are assessed are many, and the amount of variables examined to make such assessments is even greater. In the process of managing current and future environmental problems, policy is one of the main tools utilized by states. Motivated by its high position on indexes that measure environmental performance and gender equality respectively, this essay contains a case study where Sweden’s environmental policies are analysed from an ecofeminist perspective – a theoretical stance that highlights the importance of incorporating feminism, ecology and situated knowledge in policy and practice. Such an assessment is performed with an idea analysis and an ecofeminist ideal type, with the aim to provide an alternative view on the qualities of and success in environmental policy. The findings show that all policy categories incorporate the components that the ecofeminist ideal type consists of. However, the level of incorporation differs with regard to how many policies in each category that do so. Thus, there are several policies that ecofeminist theory would suggest need further consideration, while the result also illustrates that an ecofeminist perspective is relevant and useable in the formulation of environmental policy. Key words: environmental policy, ecofeminism, idea analysis, Sweden, environment, policy, feminism, case study.
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Saelee, Waraporn. "Environmental efficiency analysis of Thai rice farming." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75742/.
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The overarching objective of this research is to provide insight into how Thailand can sustainably intensify its rice production. To achieve this aim, this research develops an innovative approach for measuring agricultural environmental efficiency, which is called “the directional nutrient surplus efficiency measure”, which takes place within the theoretical context of directional distance function. Thus, the study determines optimal rice output and the combinations of inputs used for rice production that will minimise the nutrient surplus. This is done using cross-sectional secondary data from 1,112 rice farms which were divided into 9 categories for observation for the crop year 2008/09. In order to estimate the technical efficiency of the 9 observed groups of Thai rice farmers, the directional distance function was used, with different directions of improvement towards the production possibility frontier. The results indicate that measuring technical efficiency is robust in the context of the model choice for the technically efficient farms, implying that different TE measurements (i.e. different directional vectors) do not change the status of the technically efficient farms in the observation. 70%, 26%, 55%, 55%, 64%, 40%, 46%, 78%, and 34% of the total observations of jasmine rice North, jasmine rice Northeast, jasmine rice Central, non-jasmine rice North, non-jasmine rice Northeast, non-jasmine rice Central, nonjasmine rice South, glutinous rice North, and glutinous rice Northeast, respectively, produce on the PPF. The results also indicate that Thai rice farmers have average TE scores ranging from 84.1% to 99%, depending on which directional vector is chosen. Directional nutrient surplus efficiency measures with the directional vectors towards the nitrogen and phosphorus surplus minimum points were applied to measure the nitrogen and phosphorus surplus efficiency of Thai rice farming systems. The results indicate that the amount of NS discharged into the environment by the observed Thai rice farmers averages from 20.1 to 50.7 kg/ha, and the PS discharged into the environment averages from 11.0 to 28.7 kg/ha. The best practice farms of the 9 observed groups, according to this study, can earn higher profits by using fewer inputs, especially inputs detrimental to the environment like nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers, than the average farms in their respective groups; this also results in lower amounts of NS and PS being discharged into the environment, compared to the average farms in their respective groups. Thus, the environmental problems caused by Thai rice farming systems can be solved by adopting the methods of the best practice farms, and imposing policies for environmental taxation and site-specific soil nutrients testing.
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Miček, Denis. "Energy, economic and environmental analysis of balneotherapy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372007.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out European Union´s goals such as low carbon economy, mainly future increasing the use of renewable sources as a potential source of energy. Slovak republic has due to its position in central Europe, rich in natural healing sources of water, which are considered as the most perspective sources of renewable energy in this country. The problem was solved as energy, economic and environmental analysis of Balneotherapy at Slovak Heath Spa Piešťany a.s. This analyzation was provided by real experimental measurement of temperature and flow rate and computational simulation of technological devices in opened natural healing water system. Experimentally measured data were afterwards use for elaboration conceptual design of new technological devices in order to increase efficiency of collection energy from potential renewable source of energy. The research shows that with help of new design technological devices connected to existing ones will be possible to cool down temperature of hot natural healing water from 67 °C to 21 °C, which decrease operation costs of Balneotherapy for more than 1 414 € per day. By Slovak republic entering to European Union it was necessary to accept global goals of low carbon economy. This diploma thesis provides an attention on potential energy in natural healing sources of water as renewable source of energy and helps Slovak Health Spa Piešťany to decrease amount of green-house gases released to atmosphere by efficient increasing the use of energy potential in natural healing source of water.
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Wohlmuth, Erik Michael. "Situating Cost-Benefit Analysis for Environmental Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33215/.
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Cost-benefit analysis plays a significant role in the process of siting hazardous waste facilities throughout the United States. Controversy regarding definitively disparate, albeit unintentional, racist practices in reaching these siting decisions abounds, yet cost-benefit analysis stands incapable of commenting on normative topics. This thesis traces the developments of both cost-benefit analysis and its normative cousin utilitarianism by focusing on the impacts they have had on the contemporary environmental justice discourse and highlighting valid claims, misunderstandings, and sedimented ideas surrounding the popularity of cost-benefit analysis. This analysis ultimately leads to an alternative means of realizing environmental justice that both acknowledges the need for greater democratic interactions and attempts to work with, rather than against, the prevailing paradigm of reaching siting decisions.
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Aoki, Toru. "APPLICATIONS OF RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181406.
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Wan, Mun-wah. "An environmental analysis of the construction industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128262.
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Abia, Atogho Jude. "Polyaniline and Its Derivatives for Environmental Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2240.
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Electrooxidation has been used to deposit thin film polyaniline as well as its derivative - thin film poly (ortho-phenylenediamine) (POPD) and poly (meta-phenylenediamine) (PMPD) on carbon electrodes, which are subsequently used to monitor the environmental heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Pb2+ ,Cd2+) through a rather unusual "blocking" of anodic stripping for these metals. Using Hg2+ as a model, its cyclic voltammogram for a modified glassy carbon electrode with the resultant polymer shows an enhanced cathodic peak that increases linearly with the analyte ion concentration. POPD also exhibits unique selective detection for organic species. Acetaminophen and uric acid can be preferentially detected over ascorbic acid from a mixture of these three compounds. In addition, the effect of carbon nanotubes incorporated in polyaniline (PAN) film is observed to have enhanced electrochemical catalytic activities on the remedy of environmental dichromate.
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Boyce, Sarah. "Language Environmental Analysis System (LENA) Introductory Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1539.
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Wall, Tamara. "A content analysis : health and environmental risk factors of children in methamphetamine living environments /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559858731&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Marion, Stephanie. "Environmental costs and environmental benefits analysis of packaging waste recovery and recycling targets." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3576/.
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Society is faced with the growing problem of waste associated with mass consumption. The treatment and final disposal of waste is linked to a wide range of environmental problems, including loss and wastage of resources, atmospheric, aquatic and land pollution, as well as public health concerns. For these reasons, since the early 1990s there has been an emphasis on waste minimisation and recycling initiatives. The European Commission decided that packaging waste would be its first target in an aim to reduce waste in general - to be followed by several other producer responsibility type legislations. The landfill Directive came into force in 2002 - It reduces the amount of bio-degradable waste that can be landfilled and bans hazardous waste from most landfill sites. The End of Life Vehicle Directive came into force in 2003 and put the responsibility on the producer to organize recovery and recycling of vehicles. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) came into force in 2004 and requires manufacturers of such products to finance their recovery and recycling. This study looks at the UK Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 and the targets that have been chosen to enable the UK to fulfil the requirements of the European Directive (94/62/EC) on Packaging and Packaging Waste. The aim of the research focuses on establishing target levels with maximum environmental benefits, specifically for recovering and recycling cardboard packaging waste in the UK. The methodology used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which considers the whole life cycle of cardboard packaging, including the manufacture of packaging from raw (or recycled) fibres, its transport and use and waste management options. A range of scenarios have been modelled to reflect present day achievements, the levels of recycling expected of Member States through the revised Directive targets, as well as extreme scenarios. The scenarios are: Base scenario: 53% recycling, 4.23% incineration and 42.77% landfill Scenario 2: 60% recycling with 37.2% landfill and 2.8% incineration Scenario 3: 70% recycling with 27.9% landfill and 2.1 % incineration Scenario 4: 80% recycling with 18.6% landfill and 1.4% incineration Scenario 5: 35% recycling with 60.45% landfill and 4.55% incineration Scenario 6: 100% landfill Scenario 8: 100% incineration. It was found that significant reductions in global warming and carcinogens are associated with increasing levels of recycling (the highest level assessed was 80% recycling), but this comes at a cost of a slight increase in energy usage impacts. Global warming impacts fall by 20% with an increase in recycling from 53% to 80%. However, some of these potential benefits are compromised if waste cardboard needs to be exported to Europe for recycling. This particular project is looking at waste related policy issues. However it needs to be acknowledged that the manufacturing of cardboard packaging accounts for a significant proportion of the total burdens associated with the cardboard-packaging life cycle. These burdens are not affected by waste management policies; instead they would require improvements in the manufacturing processes to be made.
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Lykes, Valerie A. "Local environmental attitudes, global environmental attitudes, and religion| An analysis in 47 nations." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126141.
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Religion as culture shapes the worldview of its subscribers and thence attitude formation and preferences of individuals towards many topics including the environment. Research interest in the impact of religion soared in the late 1960s, in response to White's (1967) article in Science claiming that a huge burden of guilt for the environment crisis rested on the shoulders of Christianity. Although this Dominion Hypothesis highlights the contrast between Christianity and other religions, the contrast has not been addressed in systematic comparative cross-national research assessing whether Christians hold more negative environmental attitudes than other world religions. This dissertation fills that research gap. The Dominion Hypothesis does not exhaust the potential impacts of religion on environmentalism. For example, social psychology posits the importance of experience as well as of culture on attitudes about matters one encounters directly, so the dissertation posits the Direct Experience Hypothesis and confirms the differentiation of local from global environmental attitudes. Moreover, social psychology also directs our attention to the Reverence Hypothesis, that a subjective side effect of religiosity is reverence and responsibility for nature. To address the Dominion Hypothesis that Christians hold less environmentalist attitudes than their peers in other religious traditions, the direct experience effect, and the Reverence Hypothesis, this dissertation includes descriptive analysis, psychometric scale evaluations, OLS regression, and multilevel modeling of data from the pooled World Values Survey/European Values Survey. Findings are mixed on the Dominion Hypothesis, but consistently support the Direct Experience and Reverence Hypotheses.
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WANG, HUIHUI. "Patterns of Environmental Governance in China: An Analysis of Environmental Litigation, 2015-2020." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3454270.
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Over the past few decades, environmental issues such as floods and climate change have attracted global attention and effective solutions are urgently needed. A variety of UN conventions in the environmental area shows people’s reactions, especially the responses of governments during different periods, to environmental issues. The historical evolvement of people’s views on environmental protection indicates there is a trend from management to governance in handling environmental problems. More social actors are incorporated into the environmental movements, including individuals, experts, organisations, enterprises and governments. Accordingly, scholarly material also emphasises public participation in environmental decision-making. The integration of multiple actors bears a significant difference in governance theory. Feasible environmental laws provide underlying guarantee for the coordinative efforts and can provide guidance and limits to government branches. These indicators can be thought of as measurements of global environmental governance. Considering China’s carbon neutrality target by 2060, a special focus will be dedicated to the environmental governance in China. Starting from its national legal and policy frame, the peculiarity of China’s political setting is mainly reflected in the centralisation of government. The country has witnessed a proliferation in environmental laws to enhance its law-based environmental governance. The thesis supposes that the proposed indicators could shed light on environmental governance in China.Over the past few decades, environmental issues such as floods and climate change have attracted global attention and effective solutions are urgently needed. A variety of UN conventions in the environmental area shows people’s reactions, especially the responses of governments during different periods, to environmental issues. The historical evolvement of people’s views on environmental protection indicates there is a trend from management to governance in handling environmental problems. More social actors are incorporated into the environmental movements, including individuals, experts, organisations, enterprises and governments. Accordingly, scholarly material also emphasises public participation in environmental decision-making. The integration of multiple actors bears a significant difference in governance theory. Feasible environmental laws provide underlying guarantee for the coordinative efforts and can provide guidance and limits to government branches. These indicators can be thought of as measurements of global environmental governance. Considering China’s carbon neutrality target by 2060, a special focus will be dedicated to the environmental governance in China. Starting from its national legal and policy frame, the peculiarity of China’s political setting is mainly reflected in the centralisation of government. The country has witnessed a proliferation in environmental laws to enhance its law-based environmental governance. The thesis supposes that the proposed indicators could shed light on environmental governance in China.
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Ahammed, A. K. M. Rafique. "Development of environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva285.pdf.
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U, Kam-wa Clara. "The implementation of environmental impact assessment ordinance : does it mean a reform in approaches to regulating environmental pollution in Hong Kong? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301475.
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Chan, Tak-yeung. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong : a rubber stamp or an effective tool? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19946181.
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Luk, Kwok-on Anthony. "The incorporation, role and legal-requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Hong Kong planning system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1403654X.
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Philipson, née Ammenberg Petra. "Environmental Applications of Aquatic Remote Sensing." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Centre for Image Analysis, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3328.
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Many lakes, coastal zones and oceans are directly or indirectly influenced by human activities. Through the outlet of a vast amount of substances in the air and water, we are changing the natural conditions on local and global levels.
Remote sensing sensors, on satellites or airplanes, can collect image data, providing the user with information about the depicted area, object or phenomenon. Three different applications are discussed in this thesis. In the first part, we have used a bio-optical model to derive information about water quality parameters from remote sensing data collected over Swedish lakes. In the second part, remote sensing data have been used to locate and map wastewater plumes from pulp and paper industries along the east coast of Sweden. Finally, in the third part, we have investigated to what extent satellite data can be used to monitor coral reefs and detect coral bleaching.
Regardless of application, it is important to understand the limitations of this technique. The available sensors are different and limited in terms of their spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution. We are also limited with respect to the objects we are monitoring, as the concentration of some substances is too low or the objects are too small, to be identified from space. However, this technique gives us a possibility to monitor our environment, in this case the aquatic environment, with a superior spatial coverage. Other advantages with remote sensing are the possibility of getting updated information and that the data is collected and distributed in digital form and therefore can be processed using computers.
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陳炳文 and Ping-man Chan. "Environmental accounting with ISO 14000." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30497504.
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Chan, Ping-man. "Environmental accounting with ISO 14000 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734637.
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Saud, Saud Saide. "The Venezuelan environmental education teacher training programme: An analysis of professional and environmental competencies." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10117.
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The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the environmental education teacher training competencies model in Venezuela. More specifically, the study concentrates on the Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador (UPEL). This university is the leading institution of teacher training in Venezuela. The UPEL environmental education teacher training model consists of twenty-one competencies associated with five environmental education areas. This model is examined using the UNESCO model as an international standard, the latter of which consists of twenty-eight competencies associated with professional and environmental education areas. Examination of the UPEL model also involves an assessment of the perceptions of Venezuelans concerned with environmental education with regard to the relevance of the UPEL model to Venezuelan environmental reality. The methodology applied in this study is set in the context of a content analysis of major UNESCO and UPEL model documents, and a survey of key Venezuelan individuals, UPEL environmental education professors and UPEL teacher candidates who have already taken environmental education. In this analysis a literature review also serves as an important source of information. Themes included in this review are associated with environmental education concepts and principles, the state of environmental education, the training of teachers in environmental education, competency based teacher training, the Venezuelan experience, and the UNESCO and Venezuelan teacher training models. The research stresses the description, analysis and interpretation of relevant aspects related to the UPEL competencies model and its relevance to Venezuelan reality. In light of major conclusions and implications of these aspects a set of recommendations is drawn. For example, this study reveals a critical need for research and evaluation of environmental education teacher training competency models. In the context of the comparison between the UNESCO and UPEL models, significant differences in their structure and content have been found. The UPEL model lacks a set of basic professional and environmental education competencies required for training effective environmental educators who are able to contribute to the prevention and solution of environmental problems. In the context of the assessment of perceptions it has been found that key individuals, as well as professors and students of environmental education, believe that the UPEL model is not relevant to the country's problems and needs. It appears that in addition to the deficiency in competencies, a lack of logistical support in the implementation of the model is also a serious weakness. Results of this study reveal an immediate and critical need for necessary adjustments to the UPEL environmental education teacher training model. Finally, it is expected that this research, concerned as it is with the quality of environmental education teacher training, will provide the necessary incentives and information for Venezuelan decision makers to improve the UPEL environmental education teacher training model.