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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental and social health inequalities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Schulz, Amy, and Mary E. Northridge. "Social Determinants of Health: Implications for Environmental Health Promotion." Health Education & Behavior 31, no. 4 (2004): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104265598.

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In this article, the authors draw on the disciplines of sociology and environmental and social epidemiology to further understanding of mechanisms through which social factors contribute to disparate environmental exposures and health inequalities. They propose a conceptual framework for environmental health promotion that considers dynamic social processes through which social and environmental inequalities—and associated health disparities—are produced, reproduced, and potentially transformed. Using empirical evidence from the published literature, as well as their own practical experiences

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2

Gomez, Carlos M., and Sônia Maria T. M. de Carvalho. "Social inequalities, labor, and health." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 9, no. 4 (1993): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1993000400010.

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This article presents a brief analysis of the social inequalities expressed in the relationship between health and labor. It focuses on the Brazilian context. It begins by approaching the conceptions present in the lines of investigation and intervention in this field of health. It considers an entire range of thinking, from the eminently biological and individual level to an understanding of the relationship between labor and health as a reflection of essentially social processes. The confrontation between conceptual advances, proposals for intervention, and the reality of health for Brazilia

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Ule, Mirjana, and Tanja Kamin. "Social determinants of health inequalities." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 51, no. 1 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10152-012-0001-4.

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4

Petersen, Poul Erik. "Social inequalities in dental health." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 18, no. 3 (1990): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00042.x.

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5

Moore, Spencer, Steven Stewart, and Ana Teixeira. "Decomposing social capital inequalities in health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 68, no. 3 (2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202996.

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6

McCarthy, Mark. "Urban development and health inequalities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 59_suppl (2002): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300031001.

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Urban development has historically been seen as both a cause and solution for social inequalities in health. However, environmental and individual gradients within urban areas occur everywhere, and are resistant to change. Environments are infl uenced by the degree and type of industrialization, quality of housing, accessibility to green space and - of increasing concern - transport. Individual behaviour, however, also contributes to social differences, both through migration and by the effects on individuals of cultural experiences through the life-course. Reduction on inequalities may be pos

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7

Arntzen, Annett, Tormod Bøe, Espen Dahl, et al. "29 recommendations to combat social inequalities in health. The Norwegian Council on Social Inequalities in Health." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 6 (2019): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819851364.

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All political parties in Norway agree that social inequalities in health comprise a public health problem and should be reduced. Against this background, the Council on Social Inequalities in Health has taken action to provide specific advice to reduce social health differences. Our recommendations focus on the entire social gradient rather than just poverty and the socially disadvantaged. By proposing action on the social determinants of health such as affordable child-care, education, living environments and income structures, we aim to facilitate a possible re-orientation of policy away fro

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Badin, Anne-Laure, Lucie Anzivino, Magali Venzac, and Xavier Olny. "Characterizing territorial environmental, social, and health inequalities in Lyon metropolis." Environnement Risques Santé 19, no. 4 (2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ers.2020.1457.

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9

Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo, Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco, Margareth Guimarães Lima, and Chester Luiz Galvão César. "Social inequalities in health among the elderly." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 27, suppl 2 (2011): s198—s208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011001400008.

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The aim of the present study was to assess social inequalities in health status, health behavior and the use of health services based on education level. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out involving 1,518 elderly residents of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Significant demographic and social differences were found between schooling strata. Elderly individuals with a higher degree of schooling are in greater proportion alcohol drinkers, physically active, have healthier diets and a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dizziness, headaches, back pain, visual impai

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10

Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C., Richard G. Watt, Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela, Elizabeth Suárez-Zúñiga, and Georgios Tsakos. "Health insurance and education: major contributors to oral health inequalities in Colombia." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 8 (2019): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-212049.

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BackgroundHealth inequalities, including inequalities in oral health, are problems of social injustice worldwide. Evidence on this issue from low-income and middle-income countries is still needed. We aimed to examine the relationship between oral health and different dimensions of socioeconomic position (SEP) in Colombia, a very unequal society emerging from a long-lasting internal armed conflict.MethodsUsing data from the last Colombian Oral Health Survey (2014), we analysed inequalities in severe untreated caries (≥3 teeth), edentulousness (total tooth loss) and number of missing teeth. Ine

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11

Martin, Chantel L., Lea Ghastine, Evans K. Lodge, Radhika Dhingra, and Cavin K. Ward-Caviness. "Understanding Health Inequalities Through the Lens of Social Epigenetics." Annual Review of Public Health 43, no. 1 (2022): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-105613.

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Longstanding racial/ethnic inequalities in morbidity and mortality persist in the United States. Although the determinants of health inequalities are complex, social and structural factors produced by inequitable and racialized systems are recognized as contributing sources. Social epigenetics is an emerging area of research that aims to uncover biological pathways through which social experiences affect health outcomes. A growing body of literature links adverse social exposures to epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, offering a plausible pathway through which health inequalities ma

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12

Schüle, Steffen Andreas, Lisa Karla Hilz, Stefanie Dreger, and Gabriele Bolte. "Social Inequalities in Environmental Resources of Green and Blue Spaces: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (2019): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071216.

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Residential green and blue spaces and their potential health benefits have received increasing attention in the context of environmental health inequalities, because an unequal social distribution of these resources may contribute to inequalities in health outcomes. This systematic review synthesised evidence of environmental inequalities, focusing on availability and accessibility measures of green and blue spaces. Studies in the World Health Organisation (WHO) European Region published between 2010 and 2017 were considered for the review. In total, 14 studies were identified, where most of t

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13

Lima, Maria Luisa, and Rita Morais. "Lay perceptions of health and environmental inequalities and their associations to mental health." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 11 (2015): 2342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00105714.

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Abstract Health inequalities are very well documented in epidemiological research: rich people live longer and have fewer diseases than poor people. Recently, a growing amount of evidence from environmental sciences confirms that poor people are also more exposed to pollution and other environmental threats. However, research in the social sciences has shown a broad lack of awareness about health inequalities. In this paper, based on data collected in Portugal, we will analyze the consciousness of both health and environmental injustices and test one hypothesis for this social blindness. The r

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14

Weiss, Daniel, and Terje Andreas Eikemo. "Technological innovations and the rise of social inequalities in health." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 7 (2017): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817711371.

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Social inequalities in health have been categorised as a human-rights issue that requires action. Unfortunately, these inequalities are on the rise in many countries, including welfare states. Various theories have been offered to explain the persistence (and rise) of these inequalities over time, including the social determinants of health and fundamental cause theory. Interestingly, the rise of modern social inequalities in health has come at a time of great technological innovation. This article addresses whether these technological innovations are significantly influencing the persistence

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15

Moncada, S. "Working conditions and social inequalities in health." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 53, no. 7 (1999): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.7.390.

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16

Heritage, Z. "Inequalities, social ties and health in France." Public Health 123, no. 1 (2009): e29-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2008.10.028.

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17

Veenstra, Gerry, and Thomas Abel. "Capital interplays and social inequalities in health." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 6 (2019): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818824436.

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We explore the ramifications of applying Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capitals to epidemiological research on socioeconomic health inequalities. Capitals are resources used by individuals and groups to maintain and enhance their positions in the social order. The notion of capital interplay refers to the interconnectedness of multiple forms of capital in the production of good health. We provide definitions of economic, cultural and social capitals and describe a variety of causally distal processes—namely, capital acquisition, multiplier and transmission interplays—from which new hypotheses ca

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18

Koskinen, Seppo, and Pekka Puska. "From social determinants to reducing health inequalities." International Journal of Public Health 54, no. 2 (2009): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-7069-x.

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19

Grabauskas, Vilius, and Ramune Kalediene. "Tackling social inequality through the development of health policy in Lithuania." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 59_suppl (2002): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300030301.

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Aims: The major aim of this study was to assess existing inequalities in health of Lithuanian population and to present the process of health policy development as a major tool for reducing inequalities. The objectives were: to present life expectancy and mortality trend analysis in comparison with other European countries; to demonstrate risk profi le of Lithuanian population to major noncommunicable diseases related to social inequalities and inequities in health; and to present the process of National health policy development as potential for effective reduction of inequalities in health o

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20

Kumari, Suneeta. "Gut Microbiome and Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 4, no. 2 (2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/060.

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With technological advancements in the medical field, new discoveries have been unfolded about the human microbiota. A tremendous amount of work has been studied within the last two decades. Some of the human microbiota sites include nonsterile areas such as mouth, skin, gut, nose, and vagina. Additionally, there are bacterial cells in areas that were considered sterile such as lungs and placenta before delivery. Out of all the sites, the gut houses the most with an amount of 100 trillion bacteria (Guinane, 2013). Environmental implications have been known to impact these new areas of medicine

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21

Emmanuel Nathaniel James and Goshen David Miteu. "A critical analysis of the extent to which social determinant of health explains health inequalities regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 1 (2022): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.12.1.0188.

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This article critically analyzes and quantified the extent to which social determinants of health explains health inequalities regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria. Evidence suggests that maternal mortality is predominant in developing countries. This formed the rationale in using Nigeria as a case study for critical analysis. This study showed the relationship between social status/determinants, health inequalities and maternal mortality outcomes in Nigeria. Using a critical analytical approach, this study shows that access to a good health care by maternal patients depends on a number of

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22

Emmanuel, Nathaniel James, and David Miteu Goshen. "A critical analysis of the extent to which social determinant of health explains health inequalities regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 1 (2022): 113–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7151376.

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This article critically analyzes and quantified the extent to which social determinants of health explains health inequalities regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria. Evidence suggests that maternal mortality is predominant in developing countries. This formed the rationale in using Nigeria as a case study for critical analysis.  This study showed the relationship between social status/determinants, health inequalities and maternal mortality outcomes in Nigeria. Using a critical analytical approach, this study shows that access to a good health care by maternal patients depends on a numb

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23

Alvarez-Galvez, Javier, and Victor Suarez-Lledo. "Using Agent-Based Modeling to Understand the Emergence and Reproduction of Social Inequalities in Health." Proceedings 44, no. 1 (2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecehs-2-06372.

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Studies on social inequalities in health present contradictory findings when they attempt to describe and identify the complex societal mechanisms that give rise to poor health outcomes and health inequalities. This work aims to study the mechanism of reproduction of health inequalities among different population groups using agent-based modeling. We combine evidence-based knowledge and survey data to set the simulation model. Our initial findings show that the combination of the most adverse contextual conditions (i.e., negative environmental exposure and the absence of health-care provision)

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24

Shrestha, Rehana, Johannes Flacke, Javier Martinez, and Martin van Maarseveen. "Environmental Health Related Socio-Spatial Inequalities: Identifying “Hotspots” of Environmental Burdens and Social Vulnerability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 7 (2016): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070691.

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25

Shareck, Martine, Eliana Aubé, and Stephanie Sersli. "Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Social Inequalities in Health in Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 8 (2023): 5474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085474.

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Poor health and well-being are prevalent among young people. Neighborhoods may play a role in promoting good health. Little is known on if and how neighborhood characteristics affect health, and social inequalities therein, among young people. In this scoping review, we asked: (1) what features of the neighborhood physical and social environments have been studied in association with the physical and mental health and well-being of young people 15 to 30 years old; and (2) to what extent have social differentials in these associations been studied, and how? We identified peer-reviewed articles

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26

Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, and Oliver Razum. "Social inequalities and health: monitoring in the era of non-communicable diseases." Public Health Forum 24, no. 2 (2016): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2016-0026.

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Abstract: Social inequalities in health have persisted or increased in the era of non-communicable diseases. They are sensitive to changes in underlying structural mechanisms which are ‘socialy produced’. Research in this field is increasingly concerned with changes over time in the magnitude of health inequalities between social groups and related structural mechanisms contributing to this change. Equity-oriented monitoring systems are essential for this task, but not yet well established in Germany.

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27

Borrell, C. "Social inequalities in health related behaviours in Barcelona." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 54, no. 1 (2000): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.1.24.

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28

Helmert, U., and S. Shea. "Social inequalities and health status in western Germany." Public Health 108, no. 5 (1994): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80070-8.

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29

Muntaner, Carles. "Teaching social inequalities in health: barriers and opportunities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 27, no. 3 (1999): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948990270030601.

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30

Siegrist, Johannes. "Reducing social inequalities in health: work-related strategies." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 59_suppl (2002): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300030801.

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Despite reduced health risks in terms of physical and chemical hazards current trends in occupational life continue to contribute to ill health and disease among economically active people. Stress at work plays a crucial role in this respect, as evidenced by recent scientifi c progress. This paper discusses two leading theoretical models of work-related stress, the demand-control model and the model of effort-reward imbalance, and it summarizes available evidence on adverse health effects. As work stress in terms of these models is more prevalent among lower socioeconomic status groups, these

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Siegrist, J. "Reducing social inequalities in health: work-related strategies." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (2002): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300032501.

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32

Boström, Gunnel, and Mans Rosen. "Measuring social inequalities in health - politics or science?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 31, no. 3 (2003): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034940210164911.

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33

Siegrist, Johannes. "Reducing social inequalities in health: work-related strategies." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (2002): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140349402760232661.

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34

Latour-Perez, J. "Social inequalities in severity of illness." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 53, no. 10 (1999): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.10.599.

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35

Stansfield, Jude, and Ruth Bell. "Applying a psychosocial pathways model to improving mental health and reducing health inequalities: Practical approaches." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 2 (2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764018823816.

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Background: Mental health can help explain how social inequalities impact on health. Many current public health challenges are shaped by social, economic and environmental conditions that take a mental toll on society. Purpose: This article describes a conceptual framework illustrating the psychosocial pathways that link the wider conditions to health behaviours and outcomes. It draws out implications of this framework for mental health practice that aim to support policy and decision-making on future action to reduce health inequalities and presents practical examples of what can be done. Met

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36

Aversano, Natalia, Giuseppe Nicolò, Giuseppe Sannino, and Paolo Tartaglia Polcini. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, and Universities." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12030079.

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In recent decades, there have been increasing concerns about the role of organizations in society and their impact on climate change, environmental degradation, resource depletion, health crises, and human rights’ inequalities (Yanez et al [...]

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37

de Abreu, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães, Alex Junio Silva Cruz, Ana Cristina Borges-Oliveira, Renata de Castro Martins, and Flávio de Freitas Mattos. "Perspectives on Social and Environmental Determinants of Oral Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413429.

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Most oral conditions have a multifactorial etiology; that is, they are modulated by biological, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. A consistent body of evidence has demonstrated the great burden of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals from low socioeconomic strata. Oral health habits and access to care are influenced by the social determinants of health. Hence, the delivery of health promotion strategies at the population level has shown a great impact on reducing the prevalence of oral diseases. More recently, a growing discussion about the relationship bet

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Garcia, I., and L. A. Tabak. "Global Oral Health Inequalities." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 2 (2011): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511402015.

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Despite impressive worldwide improvements in oral health, inequalities in oral health status among and within countries remain a daunting public health challenge. Oral health inequalities arise from a complex web of health determinants, including social, behavioral, economic, genetic, environmental, and health system factors. Eliminating these inequalities cannot be accomplished in isolation of oral health from overall health, or without recognizing that oral health is influenced at multiple individual, family, community, and health systems levels. For several reasons, this is an opportune tim

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39

Sánchez Castillo, Verenice. "Environmental anthropology and health sciences: key aspects in medical education." Seminars in Medical Writing and Education 2 (December 30, 2023): 212. https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2023212.

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The intersection between environmental anthropology and medical education has gained relevance in recent decades, especially in the face of global challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation and social inequalities. This systematic review identified that environmental anthropology offers conceptual and methodological tools to enrich medical training by integrating cultural, social and ecological perspectives in the analysis of health determinants. However, its incorporation into medical curricula remains limited and fragmented. Critical areas such as the need to address gender

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40

Fairbrother, Hannah, Nicholas Woodrow, Mary Crowder, et al. "‘It All Kind of Links Really’: Young People’s Perspectives on the Relationship between Socioeconomic Circumstances and Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (2022): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063679.

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Meaningful inclusion of young people’s perceptions and experiences of inequalities is argued to be critical in the development of pro-equity policies. Our study explored young people’s perceptions of what influences their opportunities to be healthy within their local area and their understandings of health inequalities. Three interlinked qualitative focus group discussions, each lasting 90 to 100 min, with the same six groups of young people (n = 42) aged 13–21, were conducted between February and June 2021. Participants were recruited from six youth groups in areas of high deprivation across

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41

Burström, Bo, and Wenjing Tao. "Social determinants of health and inequalities in COVID-19." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 4 (2020): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa095.

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42

Nanninga, Sarah, Gesa Lehne, Tiara Ratz, and Gabriele Bolte. "Impact of Public Smoking Bans on Social Inequalities in Children’s Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Home: An Equity-Focused Systematic Review." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 11 (2018): 1462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty139.

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Abstract Introduction A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of public smoking bans on social inequalities in children’s secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home. Methods Five databases were electronically searched for articles on children’s SHS exposure at home related to public smoking bans. In addition, the gray literature and German public health journals were considered. Search was restricted to English and German publications. Of 3037 records screened, 25 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria by either measuring SHS exposure before and after public smoking ban introdu

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Kihal, Wahida, Cindy Padilla, and Séverine Deguen. "The need for, and value of, a spatial scan statistical tool for tackling social health inequalities." Global Health Promotion 24, no. 4 (2016): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916656358.

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Today, one important challenge in developed countries is health inequalities. Research conducted in public health policy issues supply little evidence for effective interventions aiming to improve population health and to reduce health inequalities. There is a need for a powerful tool to support priority setting and guide policy makers in their choice of health interventions, and that maximizes social welfare. This paper proposes to divert a spatial tool based on Kulldorff’s scan method to investigate social inequalities in health. This commentary argues that this spatial approach can be a use

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44

Hernández-García, Marta, Dolores Salas-Trejo, Ahti Anttila, Satu Lipponen, and Ana Molina-Barceló. "Contest of Best Practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention: an iPAAC initiative." European Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2 (2021): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab206.

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Abstract Current health promotion and early cancer detection programmes yield different results depending on the social group and have a different impact among individuals. Thus, they may generate social inequalities in health. The Contest of Best Practices tackling social inequalities in cancer prevention is an initiative that emerged in the framework of the Innovative Partnership for Action Against Cancer Joint Action. This contest identifies interventions that have proven to be effective in reducing social inequalities in cancer prevention in European countries, with the aim of sharing less

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45

Reidpath, D. D. "Social inequalities in health: new evidence and policy implications." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 62, no. 3 (2008): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.059584.

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46

Mollborn, Stefanie, Elizabeth M. Lawrence, and Jarron M. Saint Onge. "Contributions and Challenges in Health Lifestyles Research." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 62, no. 3 (2021): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146521997813.

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The concept of health lifestyles is moving scholarship beyond individual health behaviors to integrated bundles of behaviors undergirded by group-based identities and norms. Health lifestyles research merges structure with agency, individual-level processes with group-level processes, and multifaceted behaviors with norms and identities, shedding light on why health behaviors persist or change and on the reproduction of health disparities and other social inequalities. Recent contributions have applied new methods and life course perspectives, articulating health lifestyles’s dynamic relations

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47

Pevalin, D. J., and K. Robson. "Social determinants of health inequalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Public Health 121, no. 8 (2007): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.012.

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48

Krasnik, Allan, and Niels Kristian Rasmussen. "Reducing social inequalities in health: evidence, policy, and practice." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 59_suppl (2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300030101.

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Many policy documents have expressed concerns and intentions for action regarding inequity in health. However, the evidence on how to establish effective and acceptable interventions is rather scarce. During an international conference in Copenhagen September 2000 organised by the City of Copenhagen and the Danish Ministry of Health the present evidence was presented and possible policy measures and intervention strategies were discussed. This special issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health includes selected papers and presentations from the conference. Four main arenas for interven

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Krasnik, A., and N. K. Rasmussen. "Reducing social inequalities in health: evidence, policy, and practice." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300031801.

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Krasnik, Allan, and Niels Kristian Rasmussen. "Reducing social inequalities in health: evidence, policy, and practice." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140349402760232599.

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