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1
Cole, Mara [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaub. "Knowledge-Based Decision Making in Complex Environments: Methodological Aspects of Proactive Airport Security Management / Mara Cole. Betreuer: Harald Schaub." Bamberg : University of Bamberg Press, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079523952/34.
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Bernardo, Jose Enrique. "Formulation and implementation of a generic fleet-level noise methodology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47704.
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The expected rise in aviation demand requires the reduction of the environmental impacts that impede this desired growth, such as fuel burn, emissions, and airport noise. A number of current technology programs attempt to identify, evaluate, and select the environmental technology solutions for the coming decades. Fleet-level evaluation will be essential to deciding between various technology options because it provides a system-level assessment that clarifies the effect of operational and policy variables. Fleet-level modeling in general, introduces various complexities, and detailed fleet-level models require significant time and computing resources to execute. With a large number of potential technology options available for assessment, a full detailed analysis of the technology space is infeasible. Therefore, a simplified fleet-level environmental evaluation methodology is required to select scenarios to carry forward for detailed modeling. Capabilities such as the Global and Regional Environmental Aviation Tradeoff (GREAT) tool, have achieved rapid simplified fleet-level analysis for fuel burn and emissions, but currently lack a satisfactory generic framework to evaluate fleet-level noise.
The primary objective of this research is to formulate and implement a generic fleet-level noise methodology that allows decision makers to analyze the fleet-level impact of many technology scenarios on the quantity of noise, and also its distribution about certain airport types. This information can be leveraged to provide screening assessments of technology impacts earlier in the decision-making process, reserving more sophisticated modeling techniques for the most promising scenarios. The capability gaps identified are addressed by the development of a rapid generic fleet-level noise model that captures basic airport noise contour shape and contour area, a categorization of airports with respect to their operational and infrastructure characteristics, and the development of shape metrics that enable rapid classification and comparison of contour shapes.
Once the capability gaps were addressed, the resultant System-Wide Assessment of Noise (SWAN) methodology was implemented via use cases to demonstrate the application of the methodology, examining the introduction of a set of possible near-term (N+1) future technologies into the forecast. While these examples are simplified and notional, they demonstrate the types of analyses and investigations that can be performed with the SWAN methodology, providing answers regarding the impact of technologies on contour shapes.
The development, verification, validation, and demonstration of these capabilities complete a framework for evaluating fleet-level noise at the screening-level that retains the ability to capture and effectively discuss shape information beyond the capability of current screening-level noise evaluation techniques. By developing a rapid generic fleet-level noise model, a set of Generic Airports, and metrics that objectively quantify and describe shape, decision-makers can access greater levels of information, including the critical facet of contour shape in fleet-level airport noise.
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Allemeier, Jodi. "Developing a vulnerability reference framework for Cape Town International Airport in the context of carbon uncertain futures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80778.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.In recent years there has been a growth in literature from multiple disciplines on the potential effects of climate change and a corresponding growth in literature on potential mitigation and adaptation response strategies, including multiple means of shifting to a low-carbon future. Multiple assessment techniques have been developed to understand the potential vulnerability to, and impacts of climate change. At the same time, there is a lack of methodology to understand the potential vulnerability to, and impacts of, responses to climate change on a micro level. This research report describes the development of a reference framework to be used to monitor the vulnerability of the Cape Town International Airport to changes in carbon pricing and/or a shift to a low-carbon future. A theoretical approach was taken, which reviews existing techniques and proposes an integrated framework approach which was then applied to the case study of Cape Town International Airport. Existing literature on what is understood by a low carbon future shows that there is uncertainty about what mitigation and adaptation approaches will be adopted on various scales, and, similarly, uncertainty on what this means for a low carbon economy. Existing scenario development, vulnerability assessment, risk assessment and impact assessment methodologies were then reviewed, revealing a dearth of integrated approaches and an emphasis on the direct impacts of climate change, with a lack of attention to the impacts of responses to climate change. Finally, an overview of what are considered key driving forces in airport feasibility is provided in order to identify potential areas of vulnerability that require attention in any assessment of an airports’ vulnerability to different futures. Building on the various methodologies reviewed, and the understanding of key airport drivers, a reference framework is developed with special focus on the Cape Town International Airport and its current financial structure and planning framework. The final section of the paper discusses preliminary findings as illustrative of the approach, concluding that the framework can be applied via multidisciplinary collaboration, but that further work would be required both internally and externally in order to better manage uncertainties.
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Stettler, Marc Emil John. "Aviation emissions of black carbon and other air pollutants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648379.
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Gratjios, George A. "Airport noise pollution legal aspects." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59857.
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This dissertation broadly explores the problems of aircraft noise in the vicinity of major airports.Part 1 defines the technical terms of noise and sonic boom and discusses their harmful effects on airport neighbours and their environment.
Part 2 reviews international legal regulations, commencing with the conference convened by the British Government in 1966, and ending with the ICAO Council proposals to be addressed at the 28th (Extraordinary) Session of the Assembly, in October 1990. Further, ICAO efforts in balancing the conflicting interests between developed and developing countries is highlighted, and the legal status of Annex 16 on Environmental Protection is discussed in some detail.
Part 3 examines national legislation relating to aircraft noise with an emphasis on the approach of the United States.
Part 4 canvasses liability issues through an analysis of the jurisprudence in various countries with a concentration on litigation in the United States. Of particular relevance is the applicability of the 1952 Rome Convention with respect to damages caused by noise and sonic boom.
Part 5 examines and evaluates proposed and already implemented solutions to the airport noise problem.
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Santos, Alvaro K. "Economic aspects of airport security measures." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366334.
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Evans, Michael J., and Richard W. Stoffle. "Environmental Assessment for Proposed On-Airport Access Road: Double Eagle II Airport." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296656.
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This environmental assessment document has been prepared pursuant to the requirements of
Section 102 (2)(c) of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (PL 91 -190, 42
USC 4321 et. seq.), Tide V of the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (PL 97 -248,
as amended by the Airport Safety and Capacity Act of 1987), and other laws as applicable.
The format and subject matter included in this report conform to the requirements and
standards set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as contained principally in
Order 5050.4A, Airport Environmental Handbook, but also addresses appropriate items in FAA
Order 1050.1 D, Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts.
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Echevarne, R. "Economic aspects of the Spanish airports." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309617.
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Yu, Jung S. (Jung Soo). "Airport capacity and regional weather modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41417.
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Schorr, Raphael Avram 1976. "Essays on airport and airway congestion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38246.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-166).
Runway and airspace congestion are the primary causes of flight delays in the US. These delays cost airlines and airline customers billions of dollars per year. This thesis consists of two essays. The first essay focuses on several of the commonly proposed market-based solutions to airport congestion. Most of the literature on these market-based solutions has assumed that these remedies are justified by welfare economics, but there is relatively little focus on these justifications. We explore the economic arguments for and against using various market-based approaches to treating airport congestion. The second essay examines the relationship between aviation infrastructure pricing and congestion. Aviation taxes (and some airport fees) are currently designed to tax large aircraft more than small aircraft and flights with more passengers more than flights with few passengers. Several authors have argued that these taxes and fees create an incentive system for airlines to use small aircraft with high frequency, which exacerbates the congestion problem. We study this effect by developing a game theoretic model of airline behavior.
(cont.) Using this model, we are able to find a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium behavior for any given set of taxes and fees. These equilibrium results allow us to directly test the potential effects of changing the fees and taxes. We propose an alternative system of taxes and airport fees that charges all similar flights equally, regardless of size, revenue, or the number of passengers. We find that adopting these "flat" taxes and landing fees - i.e. aircraft of all sizes pay equal amounts - would have substantial benefits. The model predicts that the change would reduce congestion levels while making air travel more affordable.
by Raphael A. Schorr.
Ph.D.
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Barcellos, João Alfredo. "Aeroporto e meio urbano: uma análise das legislações aeronáutica e urbanística em relação aos municípios de Campinas e Ribeirão Preto." reponame:Repositório Institucional do BNDES, 2001. https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/10334.
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O trabalho busca conhecer a forma como Campinas e Ribeirão Preto trataram o aeroporto em suas legislações municipais. Visa a proposição de medidas que possam minimizar as interferências do aeroporto no seu entorno. Avalia o processo de desenvolvimento da legislação aeronáutica, do aeroporto e seus impactos no meio urbano e do urbanismo, no país e no exterior. Aponta para a incompreensão, por parte dos municípios estudados, em relação às especificidades do aeroporto, bem como a não incorporação da legislação aeronáutica nos seus processos de planejamento urbano. Sugere um aprimoramento técnico dos profissionais que atuam nas prefeituras, a incorporação na legislação aeronáutica de medidas compensatórias dos impactos gerados pelo aeroporto, bem como a constituição de comissões para o gerenciamento das interferências entre o aeroporto e o município.Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Campinas, 2001.
Bibliografia: p. 100-113.
Inclui notas de rodapé.
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Cao, Siyuan M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Andrew O'Connor, and Brenda Were. "Improving public transportation to Boston Logan International Airport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82806.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Boston Logan International Airport is the largest airport in New England and the 1 9 th busiest airport in the United States, serving 29.3 million passengers (arrivals and departures) in 2012. There are approximately 36,900 inbound air passenger trips and 9,000 inbound employee trips to Logan Airport daily. As a result of the limited parking supply at Logan Airport (parking is capped at 20,938 spaces by the Department of Environmental Protection's parking freeze), physical capacity constraints, limited roadway capacity and congestion on airport roadways, it is critical to improve public transportation to Logan Airport to increase the transit mode share. This study evaluates how public transportation to Logan Airport can be improved with particular consideration of travel demand market segments, the user friendliness of the services, the needs and jurisdiction of stakeholder agencies (Massport, the MBTA and MassDOT), existing transportation and land use plans within the study area and user and agency costs. A review of existing travel demand to Logan Airport and the operation of existing transit services is provided, leading to an assessment of potential improvements. The major potential areas of improvement analyzed in this paper are airport signage, wayfinding and curbside layout, Massport public transportation services (such as the airport shuttles and Logan Express bus service), potential new vehicle technologies for the Silver Line, operational improvements to the Silver Line, infrastructure improvements at D Street and the South Boston Transitway, and future transit connections to Worcester and Chelsea. The main areas where Massport, MassDOT and the MBTA should invest their resources in the short-term to improve public transportation to Logan Airport are: - Decreasing the running time of the Silver Line through operational improvements and infrastructure upgrades at D Street and the Transitway - Providing free outbound trips for the Silver Line, Blue Line and Logan Express - Improving the ease of transferring to transit at Logan Airport - Introducing new transit services to Chelsea and Worcester.
by Siyuan Cao, Andrew O'Connor, Brenda Were.
M.Eng.
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Neo, Kai Ling. "Analysis of airside operations at Singapore Changi Airport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123235.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
Air travel demand has been on an upward trend in recent years, and airports have thus become increasingly congested. To alleviate airport congestion, building new infrastructure such as runways to improve capacity is an obvious solution but it is highly expensive and has a long lead time. In the short term, airport managers and operators have to learn to utilize current capacity more efficiently instead. This begins with the understanding of the current operations and then identifying areas for improvement to better utilize the available capacity. In this thesis, we present a data-driven approach to analyze airport surface operations. The methodology is presented using data from Singapore's Changi Airport, one of the busiest airports in the world and a major transportation hub for Southeast Asia. The current operations at the airport is characterized using multiple data sources to identify inefficiencies such as surface congestion and unsatisfactory runway occupancy times.
Using the airport characterization, we develop queuing models for the departure process to estimate congestion-related delays and taxi-out times. The taxi-out time estimates from the queuing models have the potential to improve predictability as well as aid in the decision making process to reduce congestion on the airport surface. In order to reduce congestion, many major airports around the world, including Changi Airport, are improving their capacity by adding additional runways. To better understand the impact of additional runways, we present a detailed capacity analysis with Changi Airport as a case study. Using empirical and theoretical capacity estimates, along with historical data on the impact of airport expansion from similar airports such as Charlotte Douglas International Airport, we estimate the short-term and long-term improvements in throughput at Changi Airport.
The analysis and models built in this thesis thus aim to aid Changi Airport's efforts in alleviating congestion in both the short term and the long term, by providing insights on areas for improvement for current operations and potential impacts of future operational decisions.
by Kai Ling Neo.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M.inTransportation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Novo, Cristina. "Institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring, the Vancouver International Airport example." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51435.pdf.
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Berry, Maresi (Maresi Ann) 1969. "Graphical method for airport noise impact analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50429.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102).
by Maresi Berry.
S.M.
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Lam, Shuk-ha Sophia, and 林淑霞. "A study of the commercial strategy for an airport." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576283.
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Guzmán, Javier Rojas. "Priorities for the Mexico City International Airport under privatization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36614.
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Capuno, Romeo Evasco 1973. "Water quality performance review of Boston Logan International Airport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84252.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-55).
by Romeo Evasco Capuno, Jr.
M.Eng.
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Heins, Matthew William. "The urban experience at Hartsfield Airport." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23991.
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Jimenez, Hernando. "A strategic planning approach for the operational-environmental problem of air transportation system terminal areas." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31761.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Member: Dr. Fayette Collier; Committee Member: Prof. Daniel Schrage; Committee Member: Prof. Dimitri N. Mavris; Committee Member: Prof. John Leonard; Committee Member: Prof. John-Paul Clarke. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Schorr, Raphael Avram 1976. "Marginal social cost auctions for congested airport facilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84837.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2002."September 2002."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-97).
by Raphael Avram Schorr.
S.M.
M.Eng.
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Maldonado, Jaime 1958. "Strategic planning--an approach to improving airport planning under uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13635.
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De, Waal Louise Christina. "Environmental aspects of river management." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247784.
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This work consists of two distinct and separate sections with differing aims and outcomes. Section A is the critical review, which provides a context for the published work presented in Section B. Section A, the critical review, summarises the current literature in the subject area of environmental aspects of river management and sets the research portfolio in context. The physical landscape has been increasingly influenced by a variety of economic and social changes in recent history. During these approximately 6,000 years, human impact on river systems has been substantial and widespread. The environmental changes, that have stressed river systems, have also damaged their value for both human use and environmental functions. Some of these stresses include changes in water quality and quantity, morphological modifications of the channel and/or floodplain, decline of native species and the introduction of alien species. This has led to changes in current river management philosophy, issues and techniques. Section n, the research portfolio of published work submitted as part of this thesis, focuses on the management of some aspects of environmental change within river systems, particularly problems relating to river rehabilitation and the introduction of invasive riparian plant species. Each published paper has its own individual abstract, summarising the key finding of the research. The research portfolio can be divided into three broad sections. The first section, the main published work, includes those papers approved by the University Research Committee as part of the Registration for the degree of PhD by Published Work in May 2000. These papers form the key part of the thesis. They are introduced in the critical review in the blue text boxes, in order of significance to the text discussed and not in chronological order. They are presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below) printed on light blue paper. The next section relates to additional relevant published work. These papers are also submitted as part of this thesis, but are considered to be secondary as a result of their date of publication, i.e. prior to 1995. In order to distinguish these papers clearly from the key papers, they are introduced in the critical review in green text boxes and presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below), printed on light green paper. The candidate's approximate contribution and the nature of this contribution to each joint paper have been indicated as a percentage and are shown on the title page of each appendix. The third part is other supporting material and is referred to in the critical review through inclusion of orange-brown text boxes. Since these publications consist mainly of consultancy reports and edited books, they are NOT submitted as part of this thesis and are not presented in full in the appendices. If necessary, this material can be made available to the internal and/or external examiners before or during the viva.
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Harding, Andrew W. "Environmental aspects of coal combustion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360331.
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何詠恩 and Wing-yan Cherry Ho. "An institutional approach to airport development in the greater Pearl River Delta Region." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894860.
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Sandberg, Melanie (Melanie Jean). "Applications of ASDE-X Data to the analysis of airport surface operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74469.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133).
While much attention has been given to analyzing and optimizing problems in air transportation, relatively little research has gone into studying airport surface operations. In recent years a surface surveillance system called Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model-X (ASDE-X) has been installed at over 30 airports in the US as a safety device. The applications of the data being captured by these systems are far broader than just promoting safety. In this thesis, it will be demonstrated how ASDE-X data can be analyzed to characterize airport operations, and how it might be used going forward in real-time. The process of converting the raw ASDE-X data into a useable format will be discussed. Then, an analysis of airport operations at LaGuardia Airport and Philadelphia Airport will be presented using three months of summer data. These airports will be studied both in an aggregate fashion as well as for individual runway configurations. Finally, a case study of an Android tablet application will be presented as a next step in automation for aiding airport traffic operations.
by Melanie Sandberg.
S.M.in Transportation
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Boutatis, Antonios 1974. "Noise aviation pollution in airports : the case of Boston Logan International Airport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84257.
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Ramanujam, Varun. "Estimation and tactical allocation of airport capacity in the presence of uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70760.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215).
Major airports in the United States and around the world have seen an increase in congestion-related delays over the past few years. Because airport congestion is caused by an imbalance between available capacity and demand, the efficient use of available capacity is critical to mitigating air traffic delays. A frequently-adopted traffic management initiative, the Ground Delay Program (GDP), is initiated when an airport expects congestion, either because of very high demand or a reduction in its capacity. The GDP is designed to efficiently allocate the limited airport capacity among the scheduled flights. However, contemporary GDP practice allocates delays to arrivals independent of departures, and relies on deterministic capacity forecasts. This thesis designs and evaluates a GDP framework that simultaneously allocates arrival and departure delays, and explicitly accounts for uncertainty in capacity forecasts. Efficient capacity allocation requires the accurate estimation of available airport capacity. The first module of this thesis focuses on the modeling of airport capacity and its dynamics. A statistical model based on quantile regression is developed to estimate airport capacity envelopes from empirical observations of airport throughput. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study of the New York metroplex system that estimates arrival-departure capacity tradeoffs, both at individual airports and between pairs of airports. The airport capacity envelope that is valid at any time depends on the prevailing weather (visibility) and the runway configuration. This thesis proposes a discrete choice framework for modeling the selection of airport runway configurations, given weather and demand forecasts. The model is estimated and validated for Newark (EWR) and LaGuardia (LGA) airports using archived data. The thesis also presents a methodology for quantifying the impact of configuration switches on airport capacity, and applies it to EWR and Dallas Fort Worth (DFW) airports. The second module of this thesis extends two existing stochastic ground-holding models from literature, the static and the dynamic, by incorporating departure capacity considerations to existing arrivals-only formulations. These integer stochastic formulations aim to minimize expected system delay costs, assuming uniform unit delay costs for all flights. The benefits of the integrated stochastic framework are demonstrated through representative case studies featuring real-world GDP data. During GDPs, the Collaborative Decision-Making framework provides mechanisms, termed intra-airline substitution and compression, which allow airlines to redistribute slots assigned by ground-holding models to their flights, depending on flight-specific delay costs. The final part of this dissertation considers collaborative decision-making during GDPs in stochastic settings. The analysis reveals an inherent trade-off between the delay costs achieved by the static and the dynamic stochastic models before and after the application of the CDM mechanisms. A hybrid stochastic ground-holding model that combines the desirable properties of the static and dynamic models is then proposed. The performance of the three stochastic ground-holding models under CDM are evaluated through real-world case studies, and the robustness of the final system delay cost reduction achieved by the hybrid model for a range of operating scenarios is demonstrated.
by Varun Ramanujam.
Ph.D.
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Bejrananda, Chakarin. "The spatial pattern of economic rents and urban land value model around an airport area| The case study of Suvarnabhumi International Airport, Thailand." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562619.
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With the rise of the importance of air transportation in the 21st centuries, the role of economics in airport planning and decision-making has become more important to the urban structure and land value around it. The relationship between the airport and land value in urban areas has attracted more attention from academic researchers. However, there has been little research on the factors that affect the prices of land relatively to the airport location.
Using New Bangkok International Airport (Suvarnabhumi International Airport) as a case study, this dissertation applied Alonso's bid rent model explaining the relationship between an airport and its distribution to the urban land values. In addition, it developed a hedonic pricing model to determine the influential factors that reflect on the prices of land over four time periods of airport development (before airport development, after the airport site proposed, during airport construction, and after the opening of the airport).
The statistical analysis results confirm that Alonso's model can be used to explain the impact of the new airport only for the northeast quadrant, while proximity to the airport showed the inverse relationship with the land value of all six types of land use activities through four periods of time. In addition, the empirical results of the hedonic model confirm that the presence of the airport consistently affected land value for all types of land use activities for three quadrants (northwest, northeast, and southwest). The distance to the Bangkok CBD has a strong relationship to the land values through four time periods for the northwest quadrant. Also, the distance to transportation networks, such as main streets and Bang-Na Trad highway, became important factors affecting urban land value for all four quadrants through four periods of time.
The findings of this dissertation are not only useful for an understanding the impacts of the airport on urban land value in Thailand, but also valuable to regional and urban development for real estate developers, policy makers, and the Thai government to provide an appropriate plan for future developments in the airport area. Furthermore, the analytical methods and the empirical results of this dissertation can be applied to estimate the impacts of other public projects, such as subway stations, airport-link terminal, sport stadium, and marinas, on the urban land value.
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Belin, Steven C. (Steven Craig) 1976. "Designing flexibility into airport passenger buildings : the benefits of multifunctional space and facilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80631.
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Erniquez, Andrade Rafael Roberto 1957. "From government management and ownership to professionally managed and publicly traded airport organizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8379.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-129).
As a result of the deregulation of the air transport industry in the United States and Europe, and the globalization of the world's economy, governments have being facing important challenges to meet the demands of a growing and changing air transport sector. The participation of private investors and private management in the ownership and operation of airports has become an important element in the effort to satisfy these demands. The flexibility, efficiency, and innovation capabilities provided by a privately managed airport organization are widely accepted. However, the airport privatization movement around the world has being struggling with the problem of resolving the natural conflict between the interests of private investors and those of the public at large. This conflict is exacerbated by the fact that airports, to a greater or lesser extent, are natural monopolies when it comes to services for originating and terminating passengers. Although there is no perfect substitute for a competitive environment, an effective approach is to design and implement an economic regulation mechanism that, on the one hand, makes it possible to achieve the advantages of a privately managed organization, and on the other, protects the public interest. A more democratic stockholders' structure, through a publicly traded and professionally managed organization, can also be very useful in this respect. This thesis begins by presenting a quite detailed overview of the airport privatization movement around the world. Then, it addresses the basic regulatory issues that should be considered in designing and implementing the mechanisms that can facilitate a smooth transfer of airport activities to the private sector. The case of the Southeast Airport Group, as part of the Mexican airport privatization process, is used to illustrate many of these issues. There is some practical evidence to the effect that government regulation at major airports has achieved the objective of protecting airport users from monopolistic pricing of facilities and services. It is, however, important that the future economic regulation addresses objectives that go beyond pricing. These include the proper incentives for making timely investments in increasing airport capacity, as well as ensuring safety, security and an adequate level of service. Although, the events of September 11, 2001 will have a deep impact on the air travel industry, it is expected that the airport privatization movement around the world will manage to sustain its current momentum.
by Rafael Roberto Erniquez Andrade.
S.M.
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Egeröd, Jens, and Emma Nordling. "Strategic Supplier Evaluation - Considering environmental aspects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63197.
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This study aims at presenting a strategic supplier evaluation model that can assist Cederroth in strategic supplier selection and give indications on potential areas for strategic supplier development. The evaluation model aims at assessing supplier performance also with respect to environmental aspects. The final model has been developed through five steps, five models, with starting point in a theoretical review and basic empirical data. Following the model was developed through four iterations of workshops, interviews, weighting and case studies. The final model includes 7 criteria categories and 41 criteria whereas one category including 7 criteria assesses a supplier’s environmental performance.
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Miltz, David. "Economic aspects of targeting environmental policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235914.
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This thesis is composed of two parts; the first addresses theoretical aspects of the economics of targeting pollution control policy, whilst the second is an illustrative case study designed to embellish the more abstract insights of the first section.
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Kwok, Siu-man, and 郭小雯. "Land use opportunities: the Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok International Airport to enhance economic growth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261085.
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Gustafsson, Ivemon Kim, and Robert Lundgren. "Energieffektiviseringar för energi- och miljöcertifiering av Smaland Airport AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12683.
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Målet är att identifiera och ge fullständiga åtgärdsförslag på energieffektiviseringar för att minskaenergianvändningen med 25 % och därmed uppnå kraven för Green Building. De fullständigaåtgärdsförslagen ska redovisa ekonomi-, miljö- och hälsoaspekter.För att uppnå syftet med examensarbetet har ett konsekvent tillvägagångssätt använts för attidentifiera potentiella energieffektiviseringar för Smaland Airport. Med hjälp av den bakomliggandestudien ”Energieffektiviseringar Smaland Airport 2010-2011” analyserades kartläggningen avflygplatsens system och processer.Den totala energibesparingen för Smaland Airport uppgår till 646,1 MWh eller 22,04 % vilket fallerinom ramen för Sveriges klimatmål med en sänkt energianvändning på 20 % fram till och med 2020från 2008 års nivå. För att uppnå denna besparing krävs investeringar på 2,78 Mkr. Den årligareduceringen av koldioxid som fås av föreslagna energieffektiviseringar uppgår till 49,53 ton. Dengenomsnittliga pay-off tiden för investeringarna är 7,6 år vilket visar på attenergieffektiviseringsarbetet på Smaland Airport anses vara ekonomiskt försvarbart sett från ettlångsiktigt perspektiv.Energibesparingen som Green Building baseras på uppgår till 556MWh eller 23,15 % vilket inte ärtillräckligt för att klara huvudmålet på 25 % som krävs för att få fastigheten Green Buildingcertifierad. För att lyckas med huvudmålet krävs det att fler energieffektiviseringar identifieras och genomförs.The goal is to identify and provide complete proposals for actions on energy efficiency to reduceenergy usage by 25 % and thus achieve the requirements for Green Building. The proposals shallaccount for economic, environmental as well as health aspects.To meet the objective of the thesis a consistent approach was used to identify potential energyefficiency of Smaland Airport. With help of the underlying study "Energy Efficiencies of SmalandAirport, 2010-2011" the airport's systems and processes were surveyed and analyzed.The total energy savings of Smaland Airport amounting to 646.1 MWh or 22.04% which falls withinthe framework of Sweden's climate goals with a lower consumption of 20% until 2020 from 2008levels. The requested investment to achieve these savings amounts to 2.78 million crowns. Theannual reduction of carbon dioxide obtained by the proposed energy efficienciesamounts to 49.53 tonnes. The average pay-off period for proposed investments is 7.6 years whichindicates that the energy efficiency work at Smaland Airport is considered to be economicallyjustified, as seen from a long term perspective.Energy savings from green building based on the amount to 556MWh or 23.15% is not enough tomeet the primary objective of 25% which is required to obtain property Green Building certified. Toachieve the main goal requires more energy efficiency measures identified and implemented.
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Rushing, John Ford. "DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR USING THE SUPERPAVE GYRATORY COMPACTOR TO DESIGN AIRPORT PAVEMENT MIXTURES." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07082009-131453/.
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Asphalt concrete pavements on commercial airports in the United States are constructed according to the Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 150/5370-10B, Item P-401, Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements. This specification does not provide guidance for using the Superpave gyratory compactor in the design of asphalt mixtures. This thesis describes a laboratory study of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mix design for airport pavements that uses the Superpave gyratory compactor. These recommendations are based on comparisons of volumetric property measurements of HMA mixtures compacted using Marshall compaction and Superpave gyratory compaction.
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Svrcek, Tom. "Planning level decision support for the selection of robust configurations of airport passenger buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36633.
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Kassens, Eva. "How to prepare an airport for the Olympic Games? : transportation of the Olympic Family Members." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31149.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-112).
This thesis describes and assesses the preparation of Athens International Airport for and its performance during the Olympic Games in 2004. The analysis includes infrastructural modifications made and organizational restructuring processes undertaken. It also describes the rationale behind some of the decisions, as well as the implementation of certain specific measures. The time-frame of the preparations stretches from the very strategic beginnings, the forecasting, to the actual management of passenger flows during the Games. The focus of the thesis is on the transportation of the Olympic Family Members, i.e. athletes, sponsors, and VIP's. Finally, the thesis incorporates lessons learned from the Athens Olympic Games.
by Eva Kassens.
S.M.
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Malmqvist, Tove. "Methodological aspects of environmental assessment of buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9742.
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The built environment contributes extensively to the overall environmental impact of society. An increasing number of tools have been developed worldwide for comprehensive environmental assessment and rating of buildings in order to make the building sector more sustainable. These tools are expected to drive and facilitate future environmental improvements and market transformation in the sector. This thesis explores different methodological aspects in tool development using experiences from two large Swedish projects, the EcoEffect and ByggaBo tools, which were developed with a high level of stakeholder participation in order to be of practical use in the building sector. The methodological aspects explored and discussed here include an approach for systematic selection of assessment aspects (energy use, indoor air quality, etc.) in tools (Paper 3), and a systematic procedure for selecting practical indicators using theoretical (e.g. validity/environmental relevance) and practical (e.g. costs) criteria (Papers 2 and 3). An approach for simple communication of complex results is presented with examples from 26 multi-family buildings (Paper 4). This approach allows a building’s ‘environmental efficiency’ to be presented in one diagram, without weighting the two distinct assessment areas energy use and indoor environmental quality. Paper 5 discusses the contextual issue of internal use of environmental indicators in property management organisations through reviews of environmental performance evaluation and organisation theory literature and comparisons with actual case studies. The EcoEffect (Paper 1) and the ByggaBo tools are also compared and summarised. The case studies of real buildings and experiences from the EcoEffect and ByggaBo projects allowed data collection, calculation procedures and different practical applications of such tools to be evaluated. Poor data availability sometimes limits assessments, and improved internal routines and database developments in the building sector would allow more reliable environmental assessments. Reviews of numerous indicators in Paper 3 (and 2) and literature revealed that environmental relevance was not a key aspect when current environmental performance indicators and building rating tools were constructed. This thesis suggests that environmental relevance and systematic procedures be prioritised in order to provide robust and trustworthy tools for environmental assessment of buildings. Recommendations, some of which are generally applicable to other environmental assessments, include selection of environmentally relevant indicators, systematic procedures for handling theoretical and practical considerations in tool development, aggregation and weighting methods, use of a life cycle perspective and inclusion of performance-based rather than feature-based indicators. Since it is likely that the information these tools provide will increasingly be used by authorities, building users, economic incentive providers such as banks, etc., the methodological developments suggested here to strengthen tool rigour are important for future tool development processes.Utvecklingen av verktyg för miljöbedömning av byggnader är ett område som expanderat kraftigt sedan 1990-talets början. Den ökande medvetenheten om den byggda miljöns omfattande bidrag till samhällets miljöpåverkan i stort har spelat stor roll för denna utveckling. Verktygen förväntas ha en betydelsefull roll i att driva på och underlätta miljöförbättringar och omdaning av marknaden i bygg- och fastighetssektorn. Denna avhandling utforskar olika metodaspekter för verktygsutveckling och bygger på erfarenheterna från två stora svenska metodutvecklingsprojekt för miljöbedömning av byggnader, EcoEffect och ByggaBo:s miljöklassning av byggnader. Båda dessa verktyg togs fram i samarbete med ett stort antal representanter från bygg- och fastighetssektorn, då verktygen syftade till praktisk användning. Ett antal metodaspekter utforskas och diskuteras i avhandlingen. I artikel 3 föreslås och testas ett angreppssätt för systematiskt urval av miljöaspekter som ska bedömas av ett verktyg och dessutom föreslås här och i artikel 2 ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt för att välja indikatorer för praktiskt användning utifrån både teoretiska (t ex. validitet) och praktiska (t ex. kostnad) kriterier. Ett angreppssätt för att underlätta kommunikation av komplexa miljöbedömningsresultat presenteras genom exempel från 26 flerfamiljshus i artikel 4. Detta angreppssätt möjliggör att redovisa en byggnads ‘miljöeffektivitet’ i ett diagram utan att behöva vikta de två disparata miljöaspekterna energianvändning och innemiljö. Artikel 5 tar upp användning av miljöindikatorer för internt arbete i fastighetsförvaltande organisationer genom litteraturöversikter inom områdena utvärdering av miljöprestanda och organisationsteori samt genom jämförelser med praktiska fallstudier. Verktygen EcoEffect (artikel 1) och nuvarande version av ByggaBo:s miljöklassningssystem sammanfattas också och jämförs i avhandlingen. Genom ett antal fallstudier av verkliga byggnader och erfarenheterna från EcoEffect- och ByggaBo-projekten utvärderas frågor som insamling av indata, beräkningsmetoder och olika praktiska tillämpningar i avhandlingen. Dålig tillgång på indata begränsar ibland möjligheterna att göra miljöbedömningar. Förbättrade interna rutiner samt utveckling av nya typer av databaser inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn kommer med största sannolikhet att underlätta miljöbedömningar i framtiden. Granskning av ett stort antal miljöindikatorer i artikel 3 (och 2) och litteratur på området visade att när miljöindikatorer och miljöklassningsmetoder tagits fram, har miljörelevansen hos dessa sällan haft högsta prioritet. Ett övergripande mål för denna avhandling har därför varit att bidra med rekommendationer som kan stärka miljörelevansen och trovärdigheten hos liknande indikatorer och verktyg. Några av de angreppssätt som föreslås är tillämpliga mer generellt också för andra typer av miljöbedömningar; t ex. hur miljörelevanta miljöindikatorer kan väljas, hur både teoretiska och praktiska överväganden kan hanteras på ett systematiskt sätt vid liknande verktygsutveckling, angreppssätt för viktning och aggregering av resultat samt användning av ett livscykelperspektiv. Vid miljöbedömning av byggnader bör också funktionsbaserade indikatorer i första hand väljas snarare än sådana som baseras på specifika tekniska utföranden. En trolig utveckling är att nya typer av användare i större utsträckning kommer att efterfråga den information som miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader kan tillhandahålla. Det kan handla om t ex. myndigheter, husköpare och ekonomiska incitamentsgivare såsom banker. Av denna anledning är de frågor som rör metodutveckling och tas upp i avhandlingen, klart betydelsefulla för att stärka noggrannhet, robusthet och trovärdighet i framtida utveckling av miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader.
QC 20100601
Miljöklassning av byggnader
EcoEffect - miljövärdering av byggnader
Miljöstyrning med miljöindikatorer i fastighetsförvaltning
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Sørum, Lars. "Environmental aspects of municipal solid waste combustion." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1488.
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Stefani, Gianluca. "Economic aspects of information in environmental economics." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489205.
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Information may resolve uncertainty and uncertainty is pervasive. Thus, seeking, producing and trading of information are common economic activities. This is also true in the economics of the environment and for the different stakeholders therein involved. The central aim of this research is to investigate some theoretical aspects of the value and effects of information in environmental economics. Information is valuable either as a decision aid in contexts where either health and environmental characteristics of goods are uncertain or as the object of direct valuation under different provision rules. In a choice context three questions arise providing grounds for empirical investigations.
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杜景浩 and King-ho To. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252746.
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Yasumoto, Shinya. "Spatial aspects of environmental equity in Japan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/38268/.
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Whilst issues of environmental equity are internationally recognised as a major concern, Japan, a data rich country, has little evidence on whether or not they are present. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the situation of environmental equity in Japan by developing and employing novel approaches around the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). G This thesis firstly presents a GIS-based cross-sectional study of equity in proximity to waste facilities, air pollution exposure and school accessibility in Yokohama city, showing some evidence of disparities between social groups. A longitudinal model of park provision is then developed and presented to investigate whether affluent areas attracted new parks, or new parks attracted affluent people in Yokohama. The results show weak evidence of both processes, and also confirm direct park provision into the least affluent areas may be the most useful policy measure for equity. A limitation of many equity studies is that they have focused on environmental features that are only measurable in two dimensions. This is despite the fact that many environmental attributes require consideration vertical variations in features, such as building heights. To drive forward this research, a methodology was then developed and is presented to compute access to both sunlight and views in the city of Kyoto. The work illustrates how it is possible to model these three-dimensional attributes for large urban areas using virtual city modelling, and the findings suggest that disparities in access to both of these amenities are present, in the city. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that inequities are apparent in Japan and that these can be detected and quantified by the development of novel GIS techniques that utilise the rich sources of data present in the country.
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Vlassis, Nikolaos. "Aspects of Pareto improving environmental tax reforms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8561.
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'Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen' Stern (2006 p. xvii). This vigorous description highlights one of the most important and frustrating realizations of the last decades. The main reason of that market failure stems from the fact that climate change is a complex global externality. This makes the design of appropriate measures to mitigate the problem and the identification of their effects on economic activity of paramount importance. The transboundary nature of pollution combined with the skewed distribution of the origin and impact of emissions among countries reveals the need for international cooperation in the direction of multilateral agreements among countries. The characterization of Pareto-efficient environmental and trade policies has been a key issue (and continues to be) in the literature. Predominantly, however, the literature has focused on the role of taxes (trade and pollution) in achieving the first-best paying no attention to the role (if there is any) of non-tradeable goods. Chapter 4 deals with this issue. A key issue in mitigating climate change is with the appropriate extent of harmonization of environmental policies. This thesis (Chapters 2) addresses this within a general equilibrium model of international trade with endogenous pollution discharges, paying particular attention to the allocation of tax revenues. It argues that there indeed exist instances in which pollution tax harmonization (that moves the initial pollution taxes towards an appropriately weighted pollution tax vector) can deliver potential Pareto improvements. The difficulty with the achievement of global environmental agreements should not be, however, ignored. Chapter 3 deals with the possibility that governments may act unilaterally in order to mitigate the social cost of pollution. It shows that (under certain conditions) there exist unilateral Pareto improving trade policy reforms. Chapter 5 discusses the welfare implication of environmental policy reforms within a subset of countries. It shows that environmental policy coordination has opposing effect on the welfare of the coordinating and non-coordinating countries.
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Gawenis, James Allen. "Aspects of the environmental chemistry of technetium /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012968.
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To, King-ho. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498769.
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Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
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This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.
QC 20160901
Beyond GDP Growth
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Ramaaker, Esmée. "Airport expansion in times of climate crises – examining the discrepancy. : A discursive exercise on the rationale of the Royal Schiphol Group expansion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387887.
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This study tries to increase the understanding on how expansionist aviation policies are rationalized against the background of climate change politics. The study executes a case study on the Netherlands, focusing on the Royal Schiphol Group aviation expansion project. In order to aid the understanding of the rationale justifying the expansion project, a discourse analysis inspired by environmental discourse theory, is employed. The methodological framework is grounded in John S. Dryzek’s literature on environmental discourses and supported by Fairclough’s school of critical discourse analysis. This framework allows the study to touch upon elements of knowledge and power and incorporates elements of explanatory critique. The results of the discourse analysis uncover that the Royal Schiphol Group expansion project is justified by two dominant narratives. The first is a rather practical argument that excludes the aviation sector from the countries national emission reduction pledges, based on the notion of economic competition. The second and most dominant narrative appears to be a reproduction of the discourse of ecological modernization, promoting the idea that ecological conservation and economic growth have a harmonized and even empowering relationship. Yet, the discussion uncovers that these discursive elements are largely grounded in false claims. It furthermore explains that, even though the knowledge claims appear to be flawed, they still prevail as alternative knowledge is neglected from the debate. Supported by literature of Geels, it argues that the dominance of these narratives is largely motivated by an attempt to resist structural change to low-carbon futures.
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Wang, Qing. "Performance Evaluation and Integrated Management of Airport Surface Operations." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5609.
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The demand for aviation has been steadily growing over the past few decades and will keep increasing in the future. The anticipated growth of traffic demand will cause the current airspace system, one that is already burdened by heavy operations and inefficient usage, to become even more congested than its current state. Because busy airports in the United States (U.S.) are becoming "bottlenecks" of the National Airspace System (NAS), it is of great importance to discover the most efficient means of using existing facilities to improve airport operations.
This dissertation aims at designing an efficient airport surface operations management system that substantially contributes to the modernized NAS. First, a global comparison is conducted in the major airports within the U.S. and Europe in order to understand, compare, and explore the differences of surface operational efficiency in two systems. The comparison results are then presented for each airport pair with respect to various operational performance metrics, as well as airport capacity and different demand patterns. A detailed summary of the associated Air Traffic Management (ATM) strategies that are implemented in the U.S. and Europe can be found towards the end of this work. These strategies include: a single Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) in the U.S. and multiple ANSPs in Europe, airline scheduling and demand management differences, mixed usage of Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) and Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations in the U.S., and varying gate management policies in two regions.
For global comparison, unimpeded taxi time is the reference time used for measuring taxi performance. It has been noted that different methodologies are currently used to benchmark taxi times by the performance analysis groups in the U.S. and Europe, namely the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) and EUROCONTROL. The consistent methodology to measure taxi efficiency is needed for the facilitation of global benchmarking. Therefore, after an in-depth factual comparison conducted for two varying methodologies, new methods to measure unimpeded taxi times are explored through various tools, including simulation software and projection of historical surveillance data. Moreover, a sophisticated statistical model is proposed as a state-of-the-art method to measure taxi efficiency while quantifying the impact of various factors to taxi inefficiency and supporting decision-makers with reliable measurements to improve the operational performance.
Lastly, a real-time integrated airport surface operations management (RTI-ASOM) is presented to fulfil the third objective of this dissertation. It provides optimal trajectories for each aircraft between gates and runways with the objective of minimizing taxi delay and maximizing runway throughput. The use of Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MIP) formulation, Dynamic Programming for decomposition, and CPLEX optimization can permit the use of an efficient solution algorithm that can instantly solve the large-scale optimization problem. Examples are shown based on one-day track data at LaGuardia Airport (LGA) in New York City. In additional to base scenarios with historical data, simulation through MATLAB is constructed to provide further comparable scenarios, which can demonstrate a significant reduction of taxi times and improvement of runway utilization in RTI-ASOM. By strategically holding departures at gates, the application of RTI-ASOM also reduces excess delay on the airport surface, decreases fuel consumption at airports, and mitigates the consequential environmental impacts.
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Yarnell, John Patrick. "Implementing an ISO 14001 environmental management system, a case study of environmental training and awareness at the Vancouver International Airport Authority." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37674.pdf.
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