Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Banana trade

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Banana trade'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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Ollong, Kingsly Awang Awang. "Issues of Justice and Sustainability in Banana Trade in the Light of Cameroon Case Study." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2018010101.

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This article analyses the banana economy, particularly its social and environmental consequences. The discussion is largely based on the case study of Cameroon, but there are good reasons to believe that many research findings are relevant for the whole banana industry as the global banana production and trade is heavily based on giant agro-industrial plantations. There is, indeed, information from different important banana producing countries indicating that working conditions in the industry all too often include forced labour, child labour, lack of job security, low wages, and health and safety problems. The banana industry, as well documented in this article, is also linked to a range of harmful environmental impacts, including loss of animal habitats and biodiversity and pollution of land and water. Land conflict is one of the biggest problems associated with the production of banana and, therefore, banana industry is strongly connected with the political and economic basis of those societies where banana industry has become a major actor.
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Oki, Taikan, Shinjiro Yano, and Naota Hanasaki. "Economic aspects of virtual water trade." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 044002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa625f.

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Bilska, Beata, Marzena Tomaszewska, Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska, Krystian Szczepański, Robert Łaba, and Sylwia Łaba. "Environmental aspects of food wastage in trade – a case study." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0009.

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Abstract Food production is connected with a negative effect on the environment as it is linked with the utilisation of natural resources such as fresh water and with the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It is, therefore, very important to prevent the wastage of food at all food chain stages. Special attention should be paid to the phenomena which burden the environment in an unjustified way. One such example may be the waste of final products at the stage of retail sale objects. The purpose of the present paper was to estimate the effect of wasted food in the selected network of the retail sale on the environment with the application of water footprint indicator and CO2 emission. On the grounds of the collected data, the participation of food withdrawn from the trade, the reasons for the mentioned phenomenon and the size of the wasted food products and those donated to charities were established. Based upon such data, the level of CO2 emission and the water print of the products which have not been utilised according to their destination were estimated. In spite of the fact that the animal origin products were characterised by a small participation in the weight of the unsold food (ca. 13.34% annually), they constituted the main source of CO2 emission and water footprint estimated from the food waste. It was calculated that the annual turnover and waste of the products only in one trade network was connected with the unjustified emission of ca. 12 thousand tonnes of CO2 and 13 million m3 of water footprint.
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Nguyen, Tuan Anh, and Thi Huong Nguyen. "Banana Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Properties and Fire Retardancy." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1973644.

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Currently, the growing field of technology has paved the way for using environmental friendly resources; in particular, plant origin holds ecological concern and renewable aspects. Currently, natural fiber composites have widening attention, thanks to their eco-friendly properties. In the present work, the composite material is reinforced with natural fibers from the bark of banana trees (banana fibers), a material available in Vietnam. Banana fibers are extracted from banana peels, pretreated with NaOH 5%, and then cut to an average length of 30 mm. Banana fiber is reinforced for epoxy resin Epikote 240 with mass percents: 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 25 wt.%. The results were evaluated through structural morphology (SEM), mechanical properties, fire resistance, and thermal properties. Experimental results show that the tensile, compressive, and impact strengths of biosynthetic materials up to 20% by weight have increased compared to epoxy neat. Flame retardant and thermal properties are kept stable; 20 wt.% banana fiber gives a limiting oxygen index of 20.8% and satisfactory thermal stability.
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VIVCHAR, Oksana, Inna ZAITSEVA-KALAUR, and Mariia ZIAILYK. "REGULATORY ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION: NON-SAFETY CONTEXTS." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-15.

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In order to approximate the laws of the EU Member States in the field of handling classified information and to establish a comparable level of protection of such information from illegal receipt, use or disclosure throughout the EU, Directive 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed information was developed and approved in June 2016. how and business information (trade secrets) from illegal receipt, use and disclosure (hereinafter - the Directive). The Directive introduces the concept of "trade secret", defines the lawful and illegal acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets, establishes procedures and remedies for the illegal acquisition, use or disclosure of trade secrets in the context of the application of security conditions. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essential characteristics of trade secrets, as well as to study the legal framework of domestic experience and international cooperation on the basis of a practical mechanism for ensuring safe operating conditions. The article examines the conceptual and categorical apparatus of trade secrets and the regulatory framework for international cooperation, respectively. The practical set of measures to preserve the confidentiality of trade secrets is substantiated. As a result of scientific research, the essential and substantive characteristics of provision the Directive as the main legal vector of ensuring safety conditions have been identified. Based on this, the implementation the legal aspects of international cooperation in the context of secure measurement at trade secrets is demonstrated. Summarizing scientific research, it should be noted that a country like Belgium, taking into account the Directive, has adopted a law aimed at protecting undisclosed know-how and commercial information (trade secrets) from illegal possession, use and disclosure. This Law has implemented all the above-mentioned recommendations on the protection of trade secrets during court proceedings. It is investigated that the German parliament passed the Law on Trade Secrets of the Federal Government. This law implements European Parliament Directive (EU) 2016/943 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and trade information (trade secrets) against their illegal acquisition, use and disclosure in German national law in order to establish uniform protection of trade secrets. The law provides for the confidentiality of court proceedings. In civil proceedings, by granting jurisdiction to certain specialized courts in cases of commercial secrecy, the possibility of classifying the proceedings as confidential at the request of one of the parties, and the potential limitation of the number of persons entitled to access evidence and / or hearings. Keywords: international cooperation, normative-legal base, Directive, trade secret, security contexts, security conditions.
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Salgado de Assis, Foluke, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Pedro Amoy Netto, Roberto da Trindade Faria Jr., Thallis Custódia Cordeiro, Fabio de Oliveira Braga, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Characterization of Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Banana Fibers Thermal Properties by Photoacoustic Technique." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.331.

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Synthetic fibers are being replaced gradually by natural materials such as lignocellulosic fibers. Compared to synthetic fibers, natural fibers have shown advantages in environmental, societal, economical and technical aspects. Thus, there is a growing worldwide interest in the use of those fibers. The banana fiber, extracted from the pseudo-stem of the plant, displays significant properties yet to be studied. Few thermal properties on banana fiber as reinforcement of epoxy matrix were fully evaluated. Therefore, the present work had as its objective to investigate, by photoacoustic spectroscopy and photothermal techniques the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of epoxy composites reinforced with banana fibers .The epoxy matrix was added with up to 30% in volume of continuous and aligned banana fibers. The results indicated that these composites have good insulation capacity.
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Fritz Carrapatoso, Astrid. "Environmental aspects in free trade agreements in the Asia-Pacific region." Asia Europe Journal 6, no. 2 (May 28, 2008): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-008-0178-y.

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Van der Laan, L. "Regional Differentiation in Trade Union Density." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 2 (February 1993): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250255.

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In general, regional economic analysis of trade unions is particularly directed at the effects of labour unions, whereas the conditions and causal aspects which influence the presence of labour unions in regions are studied far less. In this paper an attempt is made to fill part of this gap in knowledge by means of an analysis of the causes of the regional differentiation in labour union membership in the Netherlands. A theoretical survey into the causes of variation in regional membership is reported on. Subsequently, the effects of the potential causes of this regional differentiation are analysed empirically. First, it was found that several potentially important aspects do not explain the regional variation in membership. Second, those aspects that were relevant can be reduced to two common factors. Third, it can be concluded that the rather low level of explanation of the regional differentiation suggests that present economic locational analysis should be supplemented by an approach in which the economic historical context is taken into account too. Regional differentiation in trade union membership can only fully be understood from a regional economic historical approach.
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Feddersen, Christoph. "Recent EC Environmental Legislation and its Compatibility with WTO Rules: Free Trade or Animal Welfare Trade?" European Energy and Environmental Law Review 7, Issue 7 (July 1, 1998): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1998034.

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The "free trade" or "fair trade" debate has various aspects. One facet is the possible contradiction between national environmental law and rules governing international trade. Different levels of national environmental protection - as recently exemplified in the well-known "Tuna I Dolphin" controversy - can lead to serious legal problems. This article analyzes a recent EC Regulation regarding the ban on cruel leghold traps and its compatibility with WTO rules, searching for the answer to the question "free trade or animal welfare trade?"
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Difei, Zhao, and Zheng Weiteng. "The Empirical Analysis on Environmental Effects Caused by China Foreign Trade." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2012v3i3p53-63.

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Since reform and opening up, as an important factor of economic growth, trade has promoted the development of China’s economy sharply, at the same time, it brought about the destruction of the ecological environment which is the focus of academic debate. There is still not any definite conclusion about the impact of trade on the environment. In this paper, by establishing a measurement model, we calculate the environmental effects of trade from scale, technology and structure three aspects, conclusion shows that the structure effect and technology effect of liberalization of trade will improve the level of China’s environment, but the scale effect of trade while promoting economic expansion will cause environmental damage
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.

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Nguyen, Minh Ha. "Endogenous growth, international trade and the environment." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37948.

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We develop a dynamic model that explicitly considers the trans-boundary pollution problem between two asymmetric countries. We found that the countries will enjoy higher long run growth rates and a higher environmental quality when they coordinate their environmental policies. Furthermore, the two countries suffer more heavily not cooperating with each other when their attitudes towards a cleaner environment differ greatly. The implication is that despite the inherent differences in their development level and in their environmental attitudes, developed and developing countries are strongly encouraged to cooperate environmentally. In the second part of the thesis, we turn the focus to the role of international trade in relation to economic growth and the environment. We found that the long run growth rates of the countries are lower when they engage in international trade, no matter whether the environmental externality is internalised or not. The impact of trade on welfare however is ambiguous.
Thesis (M.Ec.)--School of Economics, 2004.
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Tyrell, Keith Frank. "Growing bananas : assessing the environmental impact of the international banana trade in the Eastern Caribbean." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366077.

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Hatt, Kierstin C. "Development, transnational power, and environmental degradation : a case study of the Costa Rican banana industry." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36950.

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This dissertation undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the Costa Rican banana industry, including a case study based on fieldwork at an independent banana plantation in Costa Rica's Atlantic zone. A basic premise is that a coherent understanding of the banana industry and its consequences can only be achieved through the appreciation of the complexity of its organization. That is, the Costa Rican banana industry is a political-economic, socio-cultural, and environmental system articulated through a high degree of interaction at the micro and macro levels. Modernization and world systems theories are shown to provide partial and insufficient accounts of the dynamics at work in the Costa Rican banana industry. An embedded model of world systems theory, which includes aspects of sustainable development, is proposed to address these concerns. The analysis at various levels is intended to support the argument that consideration of environmental dynamics must be addressed in future theoretical accounts of development.
Following world systems theory, the strong role of the banana transnationals within the industry and in relation to national development is examined. Other links between the Costa Rican banana industry and the broader international political economy are also examined, including the 'banana wars', as well as environmental issues, such as DBCP and other agrochemical usage. Significant changes in the Costa Rican banana industry since the 1980's are considered. These include: (1) a sharp increase in banana production, and an increase in independent banana producers, (2) the dissolution of the banana unions, and their replacement with a new system of labour relations (solidarismo); and (3) the recent concern for issues of environmental destruction. These changes, combined with the centrality of the banana industry to Costa Rican development, have resulted in significant consequences at the micro level. These are manifested in the organization of banana production and in operations on the plantation, as seen with respect to working conditions, quality control and of transnational power. In addition, environmental degradation, and underdevelopment and marginalization beyond the plantation are examined as direct consequences of the Costa Rican banana industry. This is supported with extensive ethnographic detail.
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Ng, Chi-yan Sammi, and 吳芷欣. "A comparative study of the wildlife trade in Southern China and the bushmeat trade in Africa." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013184.

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Deumié, Florence. "The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the international trade of genetically modified organisms : a new element of the conflict between trade and the environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31156.

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The present thesis deals with the international legal consequences of the Biosafety Protocol. If this Protocol answers the problem of GMOs, by enforcing the application of the precautionary principle to the international trade of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), it does not solve the conflict between the interests of trade and those of the environment. On the contrary, the Biosafety Protocol conflicts with the rules of the GATT and the national norms inspired by it would risk being contested before the dispute-settlement institutions of the World Trade Organisation. The Protocol therefore constitutes a new element in the conflict, pre-existing and unsolved, which sets the implicit supremacy of the GATT against the international environmental norms. It confirms the necessity to find a solution enabling the equal authority and mutual respect of the international environmental and trade rules.
All information is correct as at 14 November 2000.
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Yu, Zhihao. "Three essays on international trade, political economy and environmental policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ39009.pdf.

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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. "Trade promotion vs the environment: Inevitable conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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袁縕思 and Wan-sze Cissie Yuen. "A study of the impact of environmental issues after China's entry intothe world trade organization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548814.

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Vlassis, Nikolaos. "Aspects of Pareto improving environmental tax reforms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8561.

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'Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen' Stern (2006 p. xvii). This vigorous description highlights one of the most important and frustrating realizations of the last decades. The main reason of that market failure stems from the fact that climate change is a complex global externality. This makes the design of appropriate measures to mitigate the problem and the identification of their effects on economic activity of paramount importance. The transboundary nature of pollution combined with the skewed distribution of the origin and impact of emissions among countries reveals the need for international cooperation in the direction of multilateral agreements among countries. The characterization of Pareto-efficient environmental and trade policies has been a key issue (and continues to be) in the literature. Predominantly, however, the literature has focused on the role of taxes (trade and pollution) in achieving the first-best paying no attention to the role (if there is any) of non-tradeable goods. Chapter 4 deals with this issue. A key issue in mitigating climate change is with the appropriate extent of harmonization of environmental policies. This thesis (Chapters 2) addresses this within a general equilibrium model of international trade with endogenous pollution discharges, paying particular attention to the allocation of tax revenues. It argues that there indeed exist instances in which pollution tax harmonization (that moves the initial pollution taxes towards an appropriately weighted pollution tax vector) can deliver potential Pareto improvements. The difficulty with the achievement of global environmental agreements should not be, however, ignored. Chapter 3 deals with the possibility that governments may act unilaterally in order to mitigate the social cost of pollution. It shows that (under certain conditions) there exist unilateral Pareto improving trade policy reforms. Chapter 5 discusses the welfare implication of environmental policy reforms within a subset of countries. It shows that environmental policy coordination has opposing effect on the welfare of the coordinating and non-coordinating countries.
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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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Banana cultures: Agriculture, consumption, and environmental change in Honduras and the United States. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.

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Encuentro Ecológico Regional de la Zona Atlántica y Sarapiquí (1990 Limón, Costa Rica). Memoria. Edited by Lopéz Rocío, Acuña Carlos, Asociación para el Bienestar Ambiental de Sarapiquí., Asociación para la Protección de los Recursos Naturales de Palmitas de Pococí., and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. [Costa Rica?: s.n., 1990.

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Jiménez, Jorge Norman. Plaguicidas y salud en las bananeras de Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica: ASEPROLA, 1995.

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Vandermeer, John. Breakfast of biodiversity: The political ecology of rain forest destruction. 2nd ed. Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 2006.

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Vandermeer, John. Breakfast of biodiversity: The political ecology of rain forest destruction. 2nd ed. Oakland, Calif: Food First Books, 2005.

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Otáñez, Iván Francisco Gachet. La huella ecológica: Teoría, método y tres aplicaciones al análisis económico. Quito, Ecuador: Facultad de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 2002.

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La estructura biofísica de la economía ecuatoriana: El comercio exterior y los flujos ocultos del banano. Quito: Abya-Yala, 2006.

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La identidad del pueblo cañari: De-construcción de una nación etnica. Quito, Ecuador: Abya-Yala, 2003.

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Vandermeer, John H. Breakfast of biodiversity: The truth about rain forest destruction. Oakland, Calif: Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1995.

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Ivette, Perfecto, ed. Breakfast of biodiversity: The political ecology of rain forest destruction. 2nd ed. Oakland, Calif: Food First Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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Margrethe Basse, Ellen. "Trade Law Aspects in Relation to Use of Environmental Contracts." In Co-operative Environmental Governance, 179–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5143-6_9.

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Oosterhuis, Frans, Frieder Rubik, and Gerd Scholl. "Product Policy in Europe: Experiences, Trends and International Trade Aspects." In Product Policy in Europe: New Environmental Perspectives, 187–218. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0277-0_7.

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Zimmermann, Andrea, and George Rapsomanikis. "Trade and Sustainable Food Systems." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 685–709. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_36.

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AbstractTrade is an integral part of our food systems. It connects people at all stages of agricultural and food value chains, linking farmers with consumers across the world. It also links nations to each other, and thus scales up from the domestic to the global perspective. By moving food from surplus to deficit regions, trade promotes food security, the diversity of foods available, and can affect preferences and diets. Trade impacts food prices and the allocation of resources, and thus is inherent to economic growth and interacts with the environment. At the same time, trade can create both winners and losers, resulting in inequality, and can generate negative social and environmental outcomes. This chapter provides an overview of the current debate around trade in food and agriculture and illustrates the role that trade can play within food systems in balancing different dimensions of sustainability. While trade openness is generally conducive to food security and promotes economic growth, formulating trade policies to achieve multiple targets, including environmental, nutritional and social objectives, requires careful analysis. Trade policies may not be the best and most efficient instruments for achieving multiple objectives, and they should be framed by complementary policies targeting specific aspects of sustainability. For example, in addressing climate change, one of today’s most pressing challenges, a combination of food trade and domestic policy instruments can sharpen the adaptation and mitigation roles of trade and significantly contribute to promoting the adoption of climate-smart technologies. In order to effectively design such policies, a better understanding of both the complex linkages between trade and sustainability outcomes and the simultaneous impacts of policy approaches on all parts of the food system will be necessary.
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Sardesai, Saskia, Markus Stute, Rosanna Fornasiero, Dimitra Kalaitzi, Ana Cristina Barros, Cemre Multu, and Victoria Muerza. "Future Scenario Settings for Supply Chains." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 61–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63505-3_3.

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AbstractTrends and future developments make it necessary to discuss the future, but it is their bundling that forms a future scenario. This chapter describes six identified and verified macro-scenarios for future industry specific settings, which are shaped by various socio-economic, political, technological and environmental future developments. The description of each macro-scenario allows conclusions to be drawn on supply chain developments such as circular aspects, trade impacts or necessary supply chain structures. Each future scenario is set in a conceptual framework that provides the context and meaning of possible futures and enables companies to prepare and adjust their strategies accordingly.
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Bayram, Alper, and Antonino Marvuglia. "A Web-Based Dashboard for Estimating the Economic and Ecological Impacts of Land Use Class Changes for Key Land Patches." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2022 Workshops, 281–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10545-6_20.

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AbstractThe increasing pressure on land coming from the raising needs of a fast-growing population puts public and private landowners and decision makers in front of difficult choices concerning the best use of limited land resources. On one hand, agricultural land and grassland need to be used to support human food requirements. On the other hand, these land uses create trade-offs with other ecosystem functions, assets and services, such as ecological connectivity, biodiversity and natural habitat maintenance. In this paper a prototype web-based dashboard is presented, that aims at allowing a fully-fledged calculation of the economic and environmental trade-offs between different land uses of any land patch (excluding urban areas and infrastructures) and in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. An agent-based model (ABM) coupled with life-cycle assessment (LCA) runs on the background of the dashboard. The coupled model allows the simulation of the farm business and the calculation of the revenues made by farmers in every land patch under different farm management scenarios. Crossing the information coming from the model with other tools would also allow to integrate local environmental trade-offs, such as degradation of local habitats or ecological connectivity, and not only global ones defined in a non-spatialized way. The dashboard has a potentially high value to inform policy, strategies, or specific actions (e.g., environmental stewardship programs that integrate economic convenience as a condition) and has the necessary flexibility to integrate new aspects related to territorial analyses as they become available.
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Vira, Bhaskar. "Environmental Regulation and Economic Deregulation." In The Legal and Moral Aspects of International Trade. Routledge, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203024126.ch11.

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"Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (extracts)." In Documents in International Environmental Law, 1020. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139171380.061.

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"Environmental regulation and economic deregulation: is there a conflict?" In The Legal and Moral Aspects of International Trade, 162–77. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203024126-17.

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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Environmental Aspects of the Atlantic Slave Trade and Caribbean Plantations." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0007.

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The Atlantic world became Britain’s main early imperial arena in the seventeenth century. Subsequent to Ireland, North America and the Caribbean were the most important zones of British settler colonialism. At the northern limits of settlement, around the Atlantic coast, the St Lawrence River, the Great Lakes and on the shores of the Hudson Bay, cod fisheries and fur-trading networks were established in competition with the French. This intrusion, while it had profound effects on the indigenous population, was comparatively constrained. Secondly, British settlements were founded in colonial New England from 1620. Expanding agrarian communities, based largely on family farms, displaced Native Americans, while the ports thrived on trade and fisheries. In the hotter zones to the south, both in the Caribbean and on the mainland, slave plantations growing tropical products became central to British expansion. Following in Spanish footsteps, coastal Virginia was occupied in 1607 and various Caribbean islands were captured from the 1620s: Barbados in 1627, and Jamaica in 1655. The Atlantic plantation system was shaped in part by environment and disease. But these forces cannot be explored in isolation from European capital and consumption, or the balance of political power between societies in Europe, Africa, and America. An increase in European consumer demand for relatively few agricultural commodities—sugar, tobacco, cotton, and to a lesser extent ginger, coffee, indigo, arrowroot, nutmeg, and lime—drove plantation production and the slave trade. The possibility of providing these largely non-essential additions for British consumption arose from a ‘constellation’ of factors ‘welded in the seventeenth century’ and surviving until the mid-nineteenth century, aided by trade protectionism. This chapter analyses some of these factors and addresses the problem of how much weight can be given to environmental explanations. Plantations concentrated capital and large numbers of people in profoundly hierarchical institutions that occupied relatively little space in the newly emerging Atlantic order. In contrast to the extractive enterprise of the fur trade, this was a frontier of agricultural production, which required little involvement from indigenous people. On some islands, such as Barbados, Spanish intrusions had already decimated the Native American population before the British arrived; there was little resistance.
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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "Economic, Environmental, and Social Aspects of OTEC Implementation." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0016.

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The financial analyses presented in Chapters 7 and 8 indicate that commercial development of OTEC will have a significant impact on the economics of U.S. energy production and use. Two scenarios for commercial development are examined in this section: 1. Development of OTEC methanol capacity sufficient to replace all U.S. gasoline produced from imported oil. 2. Development of OTEC ammonia capacity sufficient to replace all gasoline used in U.S. transportation. Commercialization of this option implies a project goal to produce methanol plantships with enough total methanol capacity to replace the gasoline used in the United States that is now produced from imported petroleum, 47 billion gallons of gasoline in 1990 (DOE/EIA, 1990). This would require a total of 427 200-MWe plantships, each producing 199 million gallons of methanol per year (1.8 gallons of methanol give the same automobile mileage as 1 gallon of gasoline. We assume financing based on an initial nominal plant investment of $960M (1990$) and an eighth plant investment of $664M. With repeated manufacture, the cost will be reduced to $438M for the 427th plantship, assuming that an experience exponent of 0.93 applies for all production of identical plantships after the first three. The average plant investment for the total production is then $507M. If financial support is maintained to complete the program, the year 2020 is a reasonable target date for achieving the full fuel production capacity. This implies construction of OTEC plantships at an average rate of 17 per year after commercial production is established. This rate could be accommodated in U.S. shipyards with feasible modifications to satisfy specific OTEC requirements. The U.S. shipbuilding facilities are discussed in Section 4.1. In addition to the investments required for OTEC, methanol automobiles must be in production, and distribution systems for methanol must be installed. The associated costs must be included in the financial analysis. Offsetting these costs are the savings resulting from: 1. Large improvements in the U.S. balance of trade through elimination of oil imports. 2. Tax receipts accruing from reinvigorated U.S. shipbuilding and associated manufacturing industries. 3. Economic benefits of stabilized world fuel prices.
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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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Abramov, Isaak P., Anatoly Yu Stoklitsky, Arnold S. Barer, and Sergei N. Filipenkov. "Essential Aspects of Space Suit Operating Pressure Trade-Off." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941330.

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BOBOC, Dan, Maria Claudia DIACONEASA, Valentin PĂUNA, and Marilena POTÂRNICHE. "THE IMAGE OF THE ROMANIAN TRADE BALANCE EVOLUTION BETWEEN 2009 AND 2019." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/09.

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The objectives of sustainable development in agriculture are emphasizing the worries related to the possibility of ensuring food security at national levels caused by the climate change and agricultural productivity. These worries reflect directly on the international trading partnerships and affect the trading especially with agricultural and food supplies. The current research aims at providing a clear image of the modifications in the trade balance of Romania, recognised mostly as an exporter of raw agricultural products, such as cereals or live animals, at low prices. Romanian agricultural productivity is characterized by an acute weather dependency, due to the low levels of irrigation systems and extensive agricultural systems, combined with extreme heat during summers and low precipitation in winters and springs. Even so, the exports and imports of a country are a key factor in its economic development so they cannot be reduced only to food security and sustainability aspects. In this context, a clear image of Romania’s trade balance offers some insight for the designing of future policy related both to the possibilities of economic and sustainable development.
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Navaratne, Rukshan, William Camilleri, Esmail Najafi, Vishal Sethi, and Pericles Pilidis. "Preliminary Aero Engine Life Assessment via Techno-Economic Environmental Risk Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94830.

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Significant progress has been made towards the improvement of engine efficiency through the increase in overall pressure ratio (OPR) and reduction in specific thrust (SFN). The implications of engine design extend beyond thermodynamics and should include the consideration of multi-disciplinary aspects related to operation, emissions, lifing and cost. This paper explores the relationship between fuel burn and engine life across the design space of a typical aircraft engine integrated system. In this context the Cranfield University Techno-economic Environmental Risk Analysis (TERA) methodology allows for the assessment of environmental and economic risk when the design of an engine system is at its conceptual stage. It is essentially a multi-disciplinary optimization framework which can be used for design space exploration. Such an approach is necessary in order to assess the trade-off between asset life and powerplant efficiency at the preliminary stage of the design process. A parametric study was conducted in order to assess the sensitivity of major design parameters on engine life and specific fuel consumption (SFC) for a given engine type. The principal failure modes of creep, fatigue and oxidation, were considered for engine life estimation. In addition an optimization study was carried out in order to investigate the trade-off between fuel burn and engine life as Time Between Overhaul (TBO). This was accomplished by integrating aircraft performance, engine performance and lifing models in the TERA Framework. An increase in turbine entry temperature (TET) is required to maintain efficiency at OPR. However, as TET has a strong influence on engine life there is an important trade-off to be made against engine efficiency. The parametric study outlined in this work explores the design space both with respect to engine life as well as efficiency. The optimization study showed that a penalty of 1.42kg additional fuel is required per additional hour of TBO. The fuel penalty is a consequence of sub-optimal design parameters with respect to engine efficiency and is applicable for the presented engine aircraft combination.
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PANAIT, Ioana. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRESH AGRI-FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN – Case study about fruit and vegetables market from Romania." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/15.

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Fruits and vegetables have a high importance from two points of view: for the consumer it represents a healthy and nutritious food and for the national economy it represents a key sector that gives added value to the agricultural sector. The importance of the paper comes from the dominant position of the fruit and vegetable in agriculture, but also their need to be consumed daily, so a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to identify the evolution and main qualitative aspects that describe the state of this market. The purpose of the paper is to determine the level of the fruit and vegetable market, both in quantitative and value terms. The study focuses on the available quantities that address to human consumption, to which are added the imports necessary to cover the constant needs of consumers throughout the year, considering the seasonal aspect of Romanian agriculture. The applicative part of the paper involves a statistical analysis to determine the evolution and size of fruit and vegetable categories on the Romanian and international agricultural trade. The main conclusions aim that the sector is characterized by volatility, production and price fluctuate, and supply stability is achieved through imports that have increased annually
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Bizjak, Rene. "The Impact of Sustainable Procurement on Doing Business." In Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.38.

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The purpose of this paper is to compare and present the theoretical findings of established authors with recent articles and literature on the topic of sustainable procurement and its impact on doing business. The goal of this paper is to connect theoretical knowledge of the above-mentioned topic with consumer attitudes towards current sustainability issues in trade as well as to analyse the introduction and impact of sustainable procurement in business based on a practical example. In this example, the author’s goal is to determine the effects of the introduction of the sustainable procurement model and its consequences on the social, economic and environmental aspects of doing business. Objective conclusions were reached that will help people from different fields to assess and understand the impact of sustainable procurement on doing business. This decade is crucial for balancing economic, environmental and social aspects, especially after the sobering period of the COVID-19 crisis, which highlighted several problems, including the issue or rather lack of the sustainable aspect of doing long-term business in both the public and private sectors.
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Nugraheni, Novita Dwi Putri, and Jie Li. "Optimal Design and Scheduling of Offshore Oil and Gas Field Development with Environmental Impact Consideration." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205645-ms.

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Abstract The objective of the paper is to develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for optimum design and scheduling of offshore oil and gas field development in respect to simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental impact. The model is utilized as a tool for decision making management in conceptual stage. Nonlinear reservoir behavior and floating demand constraint are incorporated to improve accuracy of the solution. This paper utilizes mathematical programming techniques to address the design and scheduling problem of offshore oil and gas field development. Field development problem is first formulated into a multi-objective MINLP model incorporating many realistic features such as nonlinear reservoir behavior and floating demands. The objectives are to maximize net present value (NPV) and minimize total environmental impact (TEI) simultaneously. Environmental impact is assessed using the ReCiPe2016 method. Augmented ε-constraint method (AUGMECON) is then employed to solve the proposed multi-objective MINLP model to generate the Pareto-optimal front that is able to assist decision maker selecting the most preferred solution. The performance of the proposed modelling framework is investigated on a set of problem which consists of 2 reservoirs, 2 FPSOs, 2 customers and 5-years planning horizon. First model with single objective function to maximize NPV can be solved effectively within short computational time. The solution gives optimum decision of design, investment, production schedule, and transportation regardless the environmental impact. Then, simultaneous optimization of multi-objective MINLP with different value of ε-constraint generates multiple development schemes and objective function values. The results indicate trade-off between maximizing NPV and minimizing TEI. It is possible to obtain maximum NPV of USD 2.4 trillion at the expense of TEI which is 307.518 or to generate minimum TEI of 16.65 at the expense of NPV which is USD 74.368 billion. All possible solutions within extreme values range are presented in form of a Pareto-optimal front where TEI and NPV are plotted in x and y-axis respectively. It will assist the company to select the most preferred solution based on NPV. Consequently, the selected option brings corresponding value of TEI. Additionally, the Pareto optimal front also allows decision maker to have more flexibility to compromise between economic and environmental issues. This is the first study to consider environmental impact in the offshore oil and gas field development. Many realistic operational features such as nonlinear reservoir behavior and floating demands are also incorporated. In addition to that, the proposed framework yields a powerful tool to assist decision maker selecting the most preferred solution that satisfies their criteria in both economic and environmental aspects.
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Crisalli, Anthony J., and Michael L. Parker. "Overview of the WR-21 Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine Engine System: A Modern Engine for a Modern Fleet." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-231.

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An overview description of the WR-21 Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine Engine System (ICR), currently being designed, built and tested for the U.S. Navy Surface Fleet is presented. The paper describes a development program which reduces development risk and results in a modem, affordable engine that reduces propulsion fuel costs by 30 percent. Major system components and their functions are outlined. Environmental and performance requirements are discussed together with trade-offs which lead to the current configuration as the best combination of cost, performance, reliability, maintainability and other attributes. Then the configuration design is presented. A key to the low-risk design is commonality with the commercial RB211 aircraft engine family. Inherited from the RB211 modular engine are the flexible ICR maintenance features. Modularity also allows mixing and matching to achieve a variety of engines ranging up to 37.3 MW (50,000 bhp). Finally, the ship integration aspects of the WR-21 are discussed.
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Tannuri, Eduardo A., Tiago T. Bravin, and Celso P. Pesce. "Dynamic Positioning Systems: Comparison Between Wave Filtering Algorithms and Their Influence on Performance." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37067.

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Wave filtering is an essential function of a Dynamic Positioning System, being responsible for the separation between high-frequency wave induced motions and low-frequency ones, which must be controlled. Low attenuation of the first components may cause oscillatory control action, high fuel consumption and can damage propeller systems. On the other hand, depending on filtering design, high levels of attenuation may be associated with non-admissible delay-times, which may cause instability in the closed-loop system. Traditionally, low-pass or notch-type filters have been used since the first DP systems, due to the simplicity, acceptable performance and possibility of being implemented using analog circuits. Alternatively, observers based on Kalman Filtering Theory have also been used, based on simplified ship models, separating low and high frequency motions. Two wave filters, representing each of those categories, were implemented in a complete DP simulator. All DP components and algorithms are considered and modeled in the simulator, including propellers, thrust allocation, wind-feedforward and different control strategies. Environmental loads are evaluated using fully validated models, including wind, current and wave actions. A pipe-laying barge under typical Campos Basin environmental conditions has been considered as example. Several aspects of the filtering algorithms were analyzed and compared, involving the influence of each filter in the overall DP performance, relationship of design parameters with physical system, ease of commissioning and tuning. The trade off between low frequency tracking (which is associated with the delay time) and wave response suppression is analyzed and discussed for both categories of filters.
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Wang, Kunjian, Pengfei Liu, Xinxin Hou, Pan Wang, Pei Zhu, Mingxuan Hao, Dejiang Li, et al. "Drilling and Completion Waste Reutilization and Zero Discharge Technology Used in China Bohai Bay." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205633-ms.

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Abstract With the increasingly stringent national environmental rules, waste produced in drilling and completion process is forbidden to be discharged into the Bohai Bay or reinjected into the formation. The current disposal method of drilling and completion waste in Bohai Oil field has some problems such as high cost, low efficiency and high HSE management and control risk. Faced with these problems, drilling and completion waste reutilization and zero discharge technology has been developed and applied in this region. In order to reutilize drilling and completion waste which include cuttings circulated from formation, wasted drilling and completion fluids, the following aspects are carried out: Firstly, drilling platform is upgraded to meet the zero discharge requirement: solid control system is modified, cuttings closed transfer system and cuttings treatment system are equipped on the platform to collect and dispose the waste. Meanwhile, recovery and disposal capacity to support different spud drilling are assessed: cuttings transport capacity is up to 15m3/h, which can meet the highest requirements of 12-1/4″ hole drilling when ROP is up to180m/h. Secondly, the well profile is downsized to reduce the production of cuttings, mud and other wastes from the root, which can also improve efficiency and yield cost. The field application shows that the amount of the waste has been reduced by 41.39%, 39.86% and 41.52% in first, second and third spud drilling, and average ROP is 35%, 28%, 42% higher than similar wells drilled before. Lastly, in drilling and completion fluids system optimization and reutilization aspects, environmentally friendly drilling and completion fluids with low solid content are developed. The experiment shows that the properties of the liquid phase after solid-liquid separation can be reused, and the solid phase with low water content is easy to pack and transport back to land. Drilling and completion waste reutilization and zero discharge technology introduced in this paper has been successfully applied in more than 40 wells, and the volume of waste drilling fluid is reduced by 80%, which is a trade-off between zero discharge and well construction cost. This technology can also be applied in other offshore oilfield which is inevitable as the environmental rules become more and more strict.
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Kyprianidis, Konstantinos G., Vishal Sethi, Stephen O. T. Ogaji, Pericles Pilidis, Riti Singh, and Anestis I. Kalfas. "Thermo-Fluid Modelling for Gas Turbines—Part II: Impact on Performance Calculations and Emissions Predictions at Aircraft System Level." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60101.

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In this two-part publication, various aspects of thermo-fluid modelling for gas turbines are described and their impact on performance calculations and emissions predictions at aircraft system level is assessed. Accurate and reliable fluid modelling is essential for any gas turbine performance simulation software as it provides a robust foundation for building advanced multi-disciplinary modelling capabilities. Caloric properties for generic and semi-generic gas turbine performance simulation codes can be calculated at various levels of fidelity; selection of the fidelity level is dependent upon the objectives of the simulation and execution time constraints. However, rigorous fluid modelling may not necessarily improve performance simulation accuracy unless all modelling assumptions and sources of uncertainty are aligned to the same level. Certain modelling aspects such as the introduction of chemical kinetics, and dissociation effects, may reduce computational speed and this is of significant importance for radical space exploration and novel propulsion cycle assessment. This paper describes and compares fluid models, based on different levels of fidelity, which have been developed for an industry standard gas turbine performance simulation code and an environmental assessment tool for novel propulsion cycles. The latter comprises the following modules: engine performance, aircraft performance, emissions prediction, and environmental impact. The work presented aims to fill the current literature gap by: (i) investigating the common assumptions made in thermo-fluid modelling for gas turbines and their effect on caloric properties and (ii) assessing the impact of uncertainties on performance calculations and emissions predictions at aircraft system level. In Part II of this two-part publication, the uncertainty induced in performance calculations by common technical models, used for calculating caloric properties, is discussed at engine level. The errors induced by ignoring dissociation are examined at 3 different levels: i) component level, ii) engine level, and iii) aircraft system level. Essentially, an attempt is made to shed light on the trade-off between improving the accuracy of a fluid model and the accuracy of a multi-disciplinary simulation at aircraft system level, against computational time penalties. The results obtained demonstrate that accurate modelling of the working fluid is not always essential; the accuracy/uncertainty for an overall engine model will always be better than the mean accuracy/uncertainty of the individual component estimates as long as systematic errors are carefully examined and reduced to acceptable levels to ensure error propagation does not cause significant discrepancies. Computational time penalties induced by improving the accuracy of the fluid model as well as the validity of the ideal gas assumption for future turbofan engines and novel propulsion cycles are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental aspects of Banana trade"

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O’Brien, Thomas, and Deanna Matsumoto. Mapping E-Commerce Locally and Beyond: CITT K12 Special Investigation Project. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2067.

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As all aspects of the American workplace become automated or digitally enhanced to some degree, K12 educators have an increasing responsibility to help their students acquire the technical skills necessary to organize and interpret information. Increasingly, this is done through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), especially in careers related to transportation and logistics. The Center for International Trade & Transportation (CITT) at CSU Long Beach has developed this K12 Special Investigation Project to introduce ArcGIS StoryMaps, an engaging, accessible and sophisticated web-based GIS application. The lessons center on e-commerce and its accompanying environmental and economic impact. Still, the activities can be easily adapted to projects in any subject area, such as humanities, science, math, or language arts. This teacher blueprint includes a teacher training guide with ten detailed lesson plans and activities. With the guidance of a National Board-Certified Teacher in Early Adolescence Math as lead instructor, the curriculum is designed to align with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Also, exploration of STEM and GIS-related careers are incorporated into the lesson plans.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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