Journal articles: 'Environmental aspects of Biotechnology'

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Stewart, Richard B., and Maria A. Martinez. "INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY." Journal of Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (1989): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/1.2.157.

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Mekalanos, John J. "Live bacterial vaccines: environmental aspects." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (June 1994): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(94)90035-3.

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Shuttleworth, Kay L., and E. Cerniglia. "Environmental aspects of PAH biodegradation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 54, no. 1-3 (July 1995): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02787927.

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Kawahara, Akira. "Regulatory Aspects of Biotechnology in Japan." Drug Information Journal 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159002400126.

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Gartland, Kevan M. A., and Jill S. Gartland. "Contributions of biotechnology to meeting future food and environmental security needs." EuroBiotech Journal 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2018-0002.

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Abstract Biotechnology, including genetic modifications, can play a vital role in helping to meet future food and environmental security needs for our growing population. The nature and use of biotechnology crops are described and related to aspects of food security. Biotechnological applications for food and animal feed are described, together with trends on global adoption of these crops. The benefits of biotechnology crops through increased yield, reduced pesticide use and decreased environmental damage are discussed. Examples of biotechnology crops which do not involve genetic modification are also described. Applications of biotechnology to drought and salt tolerance, and biofortification in which micronutrient content is enhanced are discussed. Emergent technologies such as RNA spraying technology, use of genome editing in agriculture and future targets for improved food and environmental security are considered.

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Abadi, Saeed Daryaee Bajhdad, Mohammad Hossain Ramazani Ghavam Abadi, Seyed Ghasem Zamani, and Mehrzad Kiani. "Legal, Commercial, Medical, Ethical and Environmental Aspects of Granting Patents for Biotechnological Innovations." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n1p62.

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Biotechnology has many applications in environment (clean up or prevent its degradation), agriculture (increased efficiency and productivity), medical (new methods of treatment or new drugs) and various industries, including Oil industry (elimination of oil pollution), textile products (increasing the quality of textiles) and food industry (raising the quantity and quality of food). But there are also concerns relating to some unknown aspects, effects and consequence of biotechnology in a way that the long-term effects are not so clear on human health or on the environment in the agriculture and in the food industry on the health of consumers. For example, gene therapy and genetic drugs, can cause some genetic complications or biotechnological product may cause growth of useless or harmful like weeds resistant to pesticides and even pollute the environment by disrupting the function in agriculture. Of course to address this concern, there are some principles such as biological safety and the necessity assess the risks arising from the use of this product, and prudent use of these innovations on the domestic and international level. Ethical considerations and objections have been raised by the moralists in terms of loss of intrinsic value of life due to manipulate by biotechnology or threaten the dignity of living creatures with dominance and monopoly over them. These considerations will be strongly when we are confronted with the fact that the granting of monopoly to biotechnology can lead to the misuse of this knowledge against humans and other organisms. Of course, there are ways to prevent or address these abuses, including the abolition of the patent or parallel import of product or granting licenses to others. In addition, human rights lovers also believe that the granting of monopoly and patent to the achievements of this science is In some cases contrary to human rights So have objected to it. Like threaten the right to health and healthy food (in terms of risk to human health resulting from biotechnology. Threaten the right to work (due to market monopolization by big companies and unemployment and the gradual elimination of small farmers) and threaten the right to a healthy environment (due to possible adverse effects on the environment and biodiversity). Of course, these concerns can be reduced by international regulations such as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Another challenge is on how to prove damages resulting from biotech crops to the environment, people and their property and also proving the causal relationship between the biotech and damage is difficult because their harmful and unknown effects usually becomes apparent in long-term and this makes it hard to prove a causality relationship. Also in such damages, the best way of compensation (i.e. restore the former state) is difficult or impossible. Because the reproducibility of biotechnology can reduce the ability to control on extent of damage and the harmful effects. However, concerns have been reduced slightly by stipulating strict liability for the damage in international regulations.

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Hoffmann, Józef, Krystyna Hoffmann, Magdalena Borowiec, and Marta Huculak. "Environmental aspects of feed phosphates production." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0005-2.

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Environmental aspects of feed phosphates production The risks resulting from the selected feed phosphates application in animal nutrition were analyzed. The results of the analyses of the fodder phosphates obtained in laboratory conditions were presented, including the toxic and disadvantageous substances with regard to their impact upon the environment.

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Vijatov, Tatjana, Gordana Dražić, and Filip Jovanović. "Environmental aspects of biological wastewater treatment by different methods and microorganisms." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 81-82 (2020): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081133v.

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The biological treatment of wastewaters (municipal and industrial) is an important topic in the field of biochemistry and biotechnology, as well as in the field of environmental engineering. It has many advantages, such as the simple operation of the basic bioreactor, the potential for the production of valuable bioproducts and efficient wastewater treatment in a short time. However, the biological wastewater treatment also has certain downsides, such as air pollution in places which are near bio-lagoons, and endangering the health of personnel involved in this process. By studying and analyzing data from the reference literature, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of information on microorganisms involved in the wastewater treatment process, the factors with a negative effect on their development, as well as the negative effects of these microorganisms and the biological wastewater treatment process on the environment.

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Kamble, Sheetal Jaisingh, Yogita Chakravarthy, Anju Singh, Caroline Chubilleau, Markus Starkl, and Itee Bawa. "A soil biotechnology system for wastewater treatment: technical, hygiene, environmental LCA and economic aspects." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 15 (April 6, 2017): 13315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8819-6.

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Jayakumar, R., and S. Meenakshi. "Special Issue: 11th APCCS-2016-Chemistry, Environmental, Biotechnology and Biomedical Aspects of Chitin and Chitosan." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 104 (November 2017): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.159.

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Poitrat, Etienne. "Environmental aspects of vegetable oil methyl esters." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 104, no. 6 (June 2002): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200206)104:6<369::aid-ejlt369>3.0.co;2-e.

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Prats-Perez, Elena, María Eugenia Bazzalo, Alberto León, and Jesús V. Jorrín Novo. "AGRONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE SUNFLOWER 7-HYDROXYLATED SIMPLE COUMARINS / ASPECTOS AGRONÓMICOS DE LAS CUMARINAS SIMPLES 7- HIDROXILADAS EN GIRASOL / ASPECTS AGRONOMIQUES DE 7 COUMARINES HYDROXYLES SIMPLES CHEZ LE TOURNESOL." helia 23, no. 33 (December 2000): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.105.

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SUMMARY Sunflower and other Helianthus ssp. produced, among other secondary metabolites, the coumarins scopoletin, scopolin and ayapin. In the most general sense they can be defined as stress metabolites, their synthesis being induced in response to adverse environmental condition, both biotic and abiotic. The pattern of coumarin synthesis and accumulation depends on plant variety, it is tissue dependent and developmentally regulated. Coumarin synthesis in sunflower seems to be part of the defence strategy against microorganisms, insect and parasitic plants. From an agricultural point of view the defensive potential of these compounds can be exploited in order to develop resistant varieties (either by classical plant breeding or by biotechnology) or crop protection strategies involving the use of chemicals which induced coumarin synthesis.

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Pittol, Michele, Lisa Durso, Victor Hugo Valiati, and Lidia Mariana Fiuza. "Agronomic and environmental aspects of diazotrophic bacteria in rice fields." Annals of Microbiology 66, no. 2 (September 25, 2015): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-015-1154-6.

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Omokhafe, Kenneth O., Emmanuel A. Imoren, and Oloruntoba G. Samuel. "Climate change, Sahel Savanna, gum arabic and biotechnology." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2019.1.1.0002.

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The Sahel Savannah has witnessed increased aridity and expansion to the Sudan Savannah. This has affected livelihood including loss of water bodies. The natural tendency is to migrate or develop survival strategy. In both cases, there are severe environmental and social consequences. The gum arabic tree is well adapted to arid climate and the Sahel Savannah in particular. Biotechnology facilitates production of planting materials and genetic improvement, as gum arabic is amenable to application of biotechnology. This will facilitate response of gum arabic agroforestry to several aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The objective of this paper was to highlight the application of biotechnology to enhance the potential of gum arabic to address the degradation of the Sahel savannah.

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Szendrak, Erika, Paul E. Read, and Jon S. Miller. "Plant Biotechnology Workshop for High School Students." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 504e—504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.504e.

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Modern aspects of many subjects (e.g., computer science and some aspects of medical science) are now taught in many high schools, but the plant sciences are often given short shrift. A collaboration was therefore established with a high school biology program in which pilot workshops could be developed to enable advanced students to gain insights into modern plant science techniques. A successful example is the workshop on plant biotechnology presented in this report. This workshop is simple and flexible, taking into account that most high school biology laboratories and classrooms are not set up for sophisticated plant science/biotechnology projects. It is suitable for from 10 to 30 students, depending upon space and facilities available. Students work in pairs or trios, and learn simple disinfestation and transfer techniques for micropropagation and potential subsequent transformation treatments. Students gain insights into: sterile technique and hygiene; plant hormones and their physiological effects; plant cell, tissue and organ culture; the influence of environmental factors on response of cells and tissues cultured in vitro; and an understanding of the phenomenon of organogenesis and resulting plant growth and development. This workshop has been tested on several classes of students and following analysis, several refinements were included in subsequent iterations. Results of the students' experiments have been positive and instructive, with student learning outcomes above expectations. Further details of the workshop techniques and approach will be presented.

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Tamura, H., T. Furuike, and R. Jayakumar. "Special issue: 12th APCCS-14th ICCC-2018-chemistry, environmental, biotechnology and biomedical aspects of chitin and chitosan." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 141 (December 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.177.

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Massabni, Antonio Carlos, and Oreonnilda De Souza. "Biotechnology applied for sustainable development: social responsibility in the Industry 4.0." International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology - IJAMB 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2595-3931/ijamb/2019.v2i2.38.

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This research was conducted from a review of bibliographic content on Biotechnology, sustainable development, social responsibility and Industry 4.0. The goal endows the understanding of the role of Biotechnology as a science in sustainable development in this historical phase experienced by humanity, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, verifying what would be the social responsibility of Industry 4.0 in this context. Dialectical and historical methods were used to systematize the obtained data. The importance of maintaining the environmental balance through sustainable practices in the daily life of Industry 4.0 has been demonstrated to comply with the constitutional principle of the social function of property. However, in order to achieve sustainable development, the economic and social aspects, besides the environmental, must be considered. The relevance of Biotechnology in this process has been proven as a driving force for sustainable development. It is hoped with this research to mobilize the academic community and the society in the fight against environmental degradation, bringing knowledge about the role of Biotechnology in this process, in the context of Industry 4.0, and demonstrating the need for companies, professionals and governments to adapt to this new and unknown reality in order to face the problems that are already emerging, always taking into consideration the protection of human rights, especially the healthy and balanced environment, safety, life and dignity of the human person.

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Hagedorn, Charles, and Susan Allender-Hagedorn. "Issues in agricultural and environmental biotechnology: identifying and comparing biotechnology issues from public opinion surveys, the popular press and technical/regulatory sources." Public Understanding of Science 6, no. 3 (July 1997): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/6/3/003.

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The formation of public perceptions of science is a very complex and problematic process, but a major factor is the information that is available and presented most frequently to the public. Issues of public concern over agricultural and environmental biotechnology were identified from opinion surveys, the popular press and technical/regulatory sources. A frequency index based on content analysis was used to rank issues within categories of genetically engineered foods, plants, animals and microorganisms; and the social/legal, risk assessment/regulation, science education and international aspects. These issues were compared to those similarly identified from scientific/regulatory sources. Results revealed that the scientific/regulatory communities have dealt primarily with one subset of issues (research oriented), while the public is largely concerned with a different subset (issues of ethics, safety and value). This paper describes each issue in detail, and the implications of the two subsets of issues are briefly discussed.

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KNOWLES, LORI P. "The Lingua Franca of Human Rights and the Rise of a Global Bioethic." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 10, no. 3 (June 29, 2001): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318010100305x.

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Globalization is often discussed as if it were a recent phenomenon relating primarily to the development of world financial markets and improvements in information and travel technologies. But globalization is an ancient process, beginning with mercantile and cultural exchanges and facilitated by advances in transportation. In the twentieth century, the results of globalization can be seen in the rise of global capitalism and in the construction of a global economy. Most recently, the process of globalization has moved beyond the world of finance, however, into areas still traditionally thought of as national concerns, such as culture and healthcare. It is no surprise, therefore, that increasingly the challenges the United States is confronting in healthcare, biotechnology, and the environment are simultaneously faced by the international community as a whole. In the wake of the HIV pandemic, growing environmental consciousness, and a series of sensational advances in biotechnology, there is a dawning realization that problems such as improving public health, regulating advances in biotechnology, and achieving sustainable environmental development transcend national borders. In other words, bioethics concerns are global in nature.

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Ermakov, V. V., T. V. Guseva, Yu V. Kovalsky, and V. I. Panfilov. "Applied aspects of the geochemical ecology of microorganisms used for solving ecobiotechnological tasks." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 6 (2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-6-107-114.

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The article presents a new view on opportunities on using microorganisms for achieving a wide range of biotechnological and environmental objectives. Examples of recent innovations in applying bio-products based on living cells of microorganisms for remediating oil polluted soils and enhancing soil fertility are given. The significance of microbiological solutions with regards of achieving objectives of the National Project "Environment/Ecology" is underlined. Perspectives and effectiveness of technologies applying microbial biomass enriched in microelements for correcting microelementoses and preventing biogeochemical endemic diseases is demonstrated. biogeochemistry, biotechnology, geochemical ecology, microelementosis, effectiveness of application, microbial bio-products.

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Morasch, Barbara, Hans H. Richnow, Bernhard Schink, and Rainer U. Meckenstock. "Stable Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Microbial Toluene Degradation: Mechanistic and Environmental Aspects." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4842-4849.2001.

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ABSTRACT Primary features of hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during toluene degradation were studied to evaluate if analysis of isotope signatures can be used as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated aquifers. D/H hydrogen isotope fractionation during microbial degradation of toluene was measured by gas chromatography. Per-deuterated toluene-d 8 and nonlabeled toluene were supplied in equal amounts as growth substrates, and kinetic isotope fractionation was calculated from the shift of the molar ratios of toluene-d 8 and nondeuterated toluene. The D/H isotope fractionation varied slightly for sulfate-reducing strain TRM1 (slope of curve [b] = −1.219), Desulfobacterium cetonicum(b = −1.196), Thauera aromatica(b = −0.816), and Geobacter metallireducens (b = −1.004) and was greater for the aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas putidamt-2 (b = −2.667). The D/H isotope fractionation was 3 orders of magnitude greater than the13C/12C carbon isotope fractionation reported previously. Hydrogen isotope fractionation with nonlabeled toluene was 1.7 and 6 times less than isotope fractionation with per-deuterated toluene-d 8 and nonlabeled toluene for sulfate-reducing strain TRM1 (b = −0.728) andD. cetonicum (b = −0.198), respectively. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation during toluene degradation by D. cetonicum remained constant over a growth temperature range of 15 to 37°C but varied slightly during degradation by P. putida mt-2, which showed maximum hydrogen isotope fractionation at 20°C (b = −4.086) and minimum fractionation at 35°C (b = −2.138). D/H isotope fractionation was observed only if the deuterium label was located at the methyl group of the toluene molecule which is the site of the initial enzymatic attack on the substrate by the bacterial strains investigated in this study. Use of ring-labeled toluene-d 5 in combination with nondeuterated toluene did not lead to significant D/H isotope fractionation. The activity of the first enzyme in the anaerobic toluene degradation pathway, benzylsuccinate synthase, was measured in cell extracts of D. cetonicum with an initial activity of 3.63 mU (mg of protein)−1. The D/H isotope fractionation (b = −1.580) was 30% greater than that in growth experiments with D. cetonicum. Mass spectroscopic analysis of the product benzylsuccinate showed that H atoms abstracted from the toluene molecules by the enzyme were retained in the same molecules after the product was released. Our findings revealed that the use of deuterium-labeled toluene was appropriate for studying basic features of D/H isotope fractionation. Similar D/H fractionation factors for toluene degradation by anaerobic bacteria, the lack of significant temperature dependence, and the strong fractionation suggest that analysis of D/H fractionation can be used as a sensitive tool to assess degradation activities. Identification of the first enzyme reaction in the pathway as the major fractionating step provides a basis for linking observed isotope fractionation to biochemical reactions.

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Rasmussen, Mark A., and Thomas A. Casey. "Environmental and Food Safety Aspects ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infections in Cattle." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 27, no. 2 (January 2001): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20014091096701.

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Hiz, Meliha Merve, and Cüneyt Aki. "The Nightmare: Genetically Modified Organisms as Alien Species." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0008.

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AbstractBiotechnological applications in medicine, industry and agriculture allow the economic production of important products, thus influencing national economy and revenue. Genetic modifications on microorganisms, plants and animals are major techniques to produce a desirable trait or product in biotechnological applications. However, GMOs also give rise to severe debate on aspects such as safety and environmental impact of transgenic products. In general these controversies arise as a result of misinformation. Ethical, legal and socially acceptable aspects of GMOs are strongly influenced by social, economic and political conditions, owing to the strong economic impact of high incomes for biotechnology companies

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Weinberg, Z. G., and G. Ashbell. "Engineering aspects of ensiling." Biochemical Engineering Journal 13, no. 2-3 (March 2003): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00130-4.

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Leonhäuser, J., M. Röhricht, I. Wagner-Döbler, and W. D. Deckwer. "Reaction Engineering Aspects of Microbial Mercury Removal." Engineering in Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 2006): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200620904.

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Székács, András, Péter Roszík, Katalin Balázs, László Podmaniczky, and Apolka Ujj. "Agroecological initiatives in Hungary and their Central European aspects." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 47, no. 3 (December 2020): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2266.

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Agroecology initiatives were first implemented within Central and Eastern Europe in Hungary in the 1980s in response to the environmental and ecological problems of intensive, agrochemical-based agricultural technology. The agroecology sector has grown substantially ever since and is currently facing its second boom, yet Hungary’s level of organic farming remains substantially below the average level in the European Union (EU) and in the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). This review summarizes early and recent agroecology developments in Hungary in the context of the region and the EU in a broader sense, mainly regarding scientific research and policy aspects. The 10-fold growth of the organic agriculture sector in Hungary over the last two decades brings Hungary somewhat closer to the average EU level and is discussed in relation to the regulating legal environment, i.e., the EU’s harmonized Rural Development Program. In addition, the European Green Deal envisions a reduction in pesticide use by 50% by 2030 and supports agroecology to reduce excess fertilization, increase organic farming and reverse biodiversity loss. Hungary pursues these goals through, among others means, the transnational joint initiative of the Visegrad countries, BIOEAST. The environmental risks jeopardizing agroecology are summarized in a systematic context, covering not only agricultural organic microcontaminants but also agricultural biotechnology products and issues in energy utilization efficacy. Related past and current research projects, as well as Hungary’s involvement in the international advancement of agroecology, are outlined.

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Cardwell, Michael. "The Release of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment: Public Concerns and Regulatory Responses." Environmental Law Review 4, no. 3 (August 2002): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146145290200400303.

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Public concern about the health and environmental implications of genetically modified organisms has not been allayed. This concern has been reflected in, for example, consumer choice and the reluctance of juries to convict those protesting against field trials. Two aspects of the response by the Community legislature may be examined: first, increasing recourse to the precautionary principle; and, secondly, the proposed regime to address environmental liability. The adequacy of such measures is, however, to be judged against the background of calls at the highest level for an entrepreneurial Community to participate more fully in the biotechnology revolution.

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Mousavi, Amir, Mohammad A. Malboobi, and Nasrin S. Esmailzadeh. "Development of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biosafety Regulations Used to Assess the Safety of Genetically Modified Crops in Iran." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.5.1513.

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Abstract Rapid progress in the application of biotechnological methodologies and development of genetically modified crops in Iran necessitated intensive efforts to establish proper organizations and prepare required rules and regulations at the national level to ensure safe application of biotechnology in all pertinent aspects. Practically, preparation of a national biotechnology strategic plan in the country coincided with development of a national biosafety framework that was the basis for the drafted biosafety law. Although biosafety measures were observed by researchers voluntarily, the establishment of national biosafety organizations since the year 2000 built a great capacity to deal with biosafety issues in the present and future time, particularly with respect to food and agricultural biotechnology.

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Zohra, Tanzeel, Ali Talha Khalil, Faryal Saeed, Bushra Latif, Muhammad Salman, Aamer Ikram, Muhammad Ayaz, and H. C. Ananda Murthy. "Green Nano-Biotechnology: A New Sustainable Paradigm to Control Dengue Infection." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3994340.

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Dengue is a growing mosquito-borne viral disease prevalent in 128 countries, while 3.9 billion people are at high risk of acquiring the infection. With no specific treatment available, the only way to mitigate the risk of dengue infection is through controlling of vector, i.e., Aedes aegypti. Nanotechnology-based prevention strategies like biopesticides with nanoformulation are now getting popular for preventing dengue fever. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by an eco-friendly process, through extracts of medicinal plants have indicated potential anti-dengue applications. Green synthesis of metal NPs is simple, cost-effective, and devoid of hazardous wastes. The recent progress in the phyto-synthesized multifunctional metal NPs for anti-dengue applications has encouraged us to review the available literature and mechanistic aspects of the dengue control using green-synthesized NPs. Furthermore, the molecular bases of the viral inhibition through NPs and the nontarget impacts or hazards with reference to the environmental integrity are discussed in depth. Till date, major focus has been on green synthesis of silver and gold NPs, which need further extension to other innovative composite nanomaterials. Further detailed mechanistic studies are required to critically evaluate the mechanistic insights during the synthesis of the biogenic NPs. Likewise, detailed analysis of the toxicological aspects of NPs and their long-term impact in the environment should be critically assessed.

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Mutere, Dr Olga. "Editorial: Managing the Microbial Activity in Food and Environmental Biotechnologies." Open Biotechnology Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701509010030.

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The present issue embraces a broad spectrum of studies focused on applied or potentially applied aspects of microbiology and biotechnology. The papers reflect current scientific and technological investigations, which were performed in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden. Most of them are interdisciplinary, i.e., the expertises in microbiology, biochemistry, chemistry, veterinary, physics, engineering and other fields were applied. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria were tested for their antagonistic activity against mastitis causing bacteria. Three papers are focused on optimization of fermentation processes, using maize silage and acid whey in anaerobic processes, barley and pea fibers as well as lupine seeds for obtaining biologically active compounds. Wastewater treatment processes are represented by studies on the use of pink bark as a sorbent of nitroaromatic compounds; as well as biodegradation of phenols in pharmaceutical wastewaters and combination of nitrification and phosphorous accumulation processes. Newly developed inorganic carriers for solid state and submerged fermentations were tested, e.g., ceramic and alkali-activated beads. The review paper covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in a plant–assisted biodegradation in soils and treatment wetlands. Methodological aspects were discussed, in particular, the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in monitoring the sorption and degradation products in wastewaters. A new yeast based test system for rapid evaluation of the effects of various compounds on eukaryotic cells was suggested. Hopefully, you will find the papers included in this issue, interesting and useful.

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Blume, Cornelia, Xenia Kraus, Sebastian Heene, Sebastian Loewner, Nils Stanislawski, Fabian Cholewa, and Holger Blume. "Vascular implants – new aspects for in situ tissue engineering." Engineering in Life Sciences 22, no. 3-4 (January 7, 2022): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.202100100.

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Gjerris, M., C. Gamborg, and H. Röcklinsberg. "Ethical aspects of insect production for food and feed." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0097.

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Given a growing global human population and high pressures on resources, interest in insects as a source of protein for human food (entomophagy) and for animal feed is growing. So far, the main issues discussed have been the embedded technical challenges of scaling up the production. The use of insects as a major human food and feed source is thought to present two major challenges: (1) how to turn insects into safe, tasty socially acceptable feed and food; and (2) how to cheaply yet sustainably produce enough insects? Entomophagy, however, as any utilisation of animals and the rest of nature also entails ethical issues – both regarding the impact on human health, the environment and climate change and regarding production methods such as intensification and biotechnology. The aim of the paper is to give a systematic overview of ethical aspects embedded in the notion of utilising insects as protein providers in the Western food and feed production chains. We identify five areas where ethical questions are especially pertinent: environmental impact, human and animal health, human preferences and social acceptability, animal welfare and finally broader animal ethics issues. Especially the latter two are more scantly dealt with in the literature. This part of the review will therefore contain suggestions for ethical issues that should be examined closer.

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Bergsma, Simon, Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink, Nikolaos Charalampogiannis, Efthymios Poulios, Thierry K. S. Janssens, and Spyridon Achinas. "Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review." BioTech 11, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech11030040.

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The use of chemical pesticides in agriculture goes hand in hand with some crucial problems. These problems include environmental deterioration and human health complications. To eliminate the problems accompanying chemical pesticides, biological alternatives should be considered. These developments spark interest in many environmental fields, including agriculture. In this review, antifungal compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are considered. It summarizes the worldwide distribution of pesticides and the effect of pesticides on human health and goes into detail about LAB species, their growth, fermentation, and their antifungal compounds. Additionally, interactions between LABs with mycotoxins and plants are discussed.

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K.T, Vadiraj, Raghu Ram Achar, and Sindhuja Siriger. "A review on emerging micropollutants: sources, environmental concentration and toxicity." Bionatura 6, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 2305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2021.06.04.29.

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Every minute, the environment is filled with pollutants of various types, including physical, chemical, and biological. A new threat has emerged in recent years due to human activity, which is of significant concern. These pollutants are not like conventional pollutants but can alter the physiology of living things, and hence these are named emerging pollutants. The pollutant sources include crop protection chemicals, personal care products, antimicrobial mixtures, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). These compounds are biologically crucial because their minute quantity can also disrupt an individual's endocrine system, and hence they are also called endocrine disruptors. This current work reviews many aspects, including source, problems, and legislative solutions that have been farmed to cope with the current situation of emerging micropollutants.

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Mandal, Sujata, and Bhaskar D. Kulkarni. "Separation Strategies for Processing of Dilute Liquid Streams." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/659012.

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Processing of dilute liquid streams in the industries like food, agro-, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, environment, and so forth needs special strategy for the separation and purification of the desired product and for environment friendly disposal of the waste stream. The separation strategy adopted to achieve the goal is extremely important from economic as well as from environmental point of view. In the present paper we have reviewed the various aspects of some selected universal separation strategies such as adsorption, membrane separation, electrophoresis, chromatographic separation, and electroosmosis that are exercised for processing of dilute liquid streams.

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Maiwald, Matthias, Frank Schuhmacher, Hans-Jürgen Ditton, and Axel von Herbay. "Environmental Occurrence of the Whipple’s Disease Bacterium (Tropheryma whippelii)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.760-762.1998.

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ABSTRACT Whipple’s disease is a systemic disorder in which a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium is constantly present in infected tissues. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to culture this bacterium, it was eventually characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis to be a member of the actinomycetes. The name Tropheryma whippelii was proposed. Until now, the bacterium has only been found in infected human tissues, but there is no evidence for human-to-human transmission. Here we report the detection of DNA specific for the Whipple’s disease bacterium in 25 of 38 wastewater samples from five different sewage treatment plants in the area of Heidelberg, Germany. These findings provide the first evidence that T. whippeliioccurs in the environment, within a polymicrobial community. This is in accordance with the phylogenetic relationship of this bacterium as well as with known epidemiological aspects of Whipple’s disease. Our data argue for an environmental source for infection with the Whipple’s disease bacterium.

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Nezhmetdinova, F. T., M. E. Guryleva, N. Kh Sharypova, R. I. Zinurova, and A. R. Tuzikov. "Risks of modern biotechnologies and legal aspects of their implementation in agriculture." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700227.

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The main purpose of this study is to determine the best practices of social regulation of negative consequences for modern biotechnology use based on a comparative review of European and Russian legal regulations on food safety. The paper gives original classification of risks of biotechnologies introduction in agriculture, namely: food, agricultural, environmental, patent, social and ethical ones. Although risk assessment systems have been in use for some time, consumers do not always trust the results. One explanation for this is that in the past many national food safety systems had problems with timely notification of certain products’ potential hazards. In many countries, social and ethical views can be the reason for rejection of certain products, manipulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Such conflicts often reflect deeper issues about the interaction of human society and nature – issues that must be fully taken into account in any attempt at social communication. Authors offer a mode of social control and consensus in the form of agrobioethics, similar to bioethics in biomedical technologies.

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Zafar, Yusuf. "Development of Agriculture Biotechnology in Pakistan." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 1500–1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.5.1500.

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Abstract Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on agriculture for subsistence. Biotechnology has considerable potential for promoting the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and poverty reduction. Use of modern biotechnology started in Pakistan since 1985. Currently, there are 29 biotech centers/institutes in the country. However, few centers have appropriate physical facilities and trained manpower to develop genetically modified (GM) crops. Most of the activities have been on rice and cotton, which are among the top 5 crops of Pakistan. Biotic (virus/bacterial/insect) and abiotic (salt) resistant and quality (male sterility) genes have already been incorporated in some crop plants. Despite acquiring capacity to produce transgenic plants, no GM crops, either produced locally or imported, have been released in the country. Pakistan is signatory to the World Trade Organization, Convention on Biological Diversity, and Cartagena protocols. Several legislations under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights have been promulgated in the country. National Biosafety Guidelines have been promulgated in April 2005. The Plant Breeders Rights Act, Amendment in Seed Act-1976, and Geographical Indication for Goods are still passing through discussion, evaluation, and analysis phases. Meanwhile, an illegal GM crop (cotton) has already sneaked into farmer's field. Concerted and coordinated efforts are needed among various ministries for implementation of regulation and capacity building for import/export and local handling of GM crops. Pakistan could easily benefit from the experience of Asian countries, especially China and India, where conditions are similar and the agriculture sector is almost like that of Pakistan. Thus, the exchange of information and experiences is important among these nations.

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Souza, Cléssius Ribeiro, Matheus de Freitas Ribeiro, Míriam de Fátima Soares, Simone Furtado dos Santos, Cíntia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira, Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol, and Micheline Rosa Silveira. "Environmental elimination estimate and literature review of ecotoxicological aspects of the main widely used antiretrovirals in Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (August 4, 2022): e368111032975. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32975.

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Objective: To estimate the consumption and quantity of unaltered antiretrivirals (ARV) eliminated into the environment and to carry out a literature research on aquatic ecotoxicological studies of ARV used in Brazil. Methodology: We requested from one of the ARV dispensing units in the city of Belo-Horizonte (BH) the amount of ARV dispensed in the years 2018-2019-2020. Considering the amount dispensed in 2020, the daily dose, and the elimination rate, the amount of drug in unchanged form in the environment was estimated. For entire municipality of BH and Brazil, we used epidemiological data were used regarding individuals using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020, the proportion of people living with HIV using the main ART regimen, following the same estimation methodology used previously. Structured and individual searches were carried out for each ARV used in Brazil, relating it to ecotoxicology, through Google Scholar, National Center for Biotechnology Information and Scifinder, in addition to the use of the fass.se platform. Results: Four articles presented results of acute or chronic toxicity in ecotoxicological models involving ARV. Dolutegravir and efavirenz were found to be highly toxic in ecotoxicological models. In 2020, approximately 2,167kg of ARVs in unchanged form were released into the environment in BH. In Brazil it was 112,274kg. Conclusion: It is urgent to quantify the main ARV in water bodies. With these data together with ecotoxicological data it will be possible to establish risk criteria for possible measures to control or mitigate these contaminants in the environment, especially actions to improve wastewater/water treatment.

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Ammarellou, Ali, Ali Reza Yousefi, Moslem Heydari, Daniela Uberti, and Andrea Mastinu. "Biochemical and Botanical Aspects of Allium sativum L. Sowing." BioTech 11, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech11020016.

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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and compliance of selected Iranian garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars, including Tuyserkan (TSN), Heydareh (HDH), Mouien (MUN), and Taroom (TRM), during two growing seasons. The TRM cultivar germination rate is higher than the other cultivars studied. The TRM cultivars have quite remarkable values for the dry weight, fresh weight, stem diameter, and the number of leaves present. The fresh weight and dry weight of the TRM cultivar for the second year are 33.8 t/ha and 16.7 t/ha, respectively. However, on average, the HDH cultivar is the tallest plant in the experiments. Average pyruvic acid content in fresh samples of the TRM and HDH cultivars is 78 µm/gfw and 69.3 µm/gfw, respectively. It is observed that there are remarkable differences in the level of pyruvic acid between the different cultivars. The growth, development, and yield of plants are highly dependent on their genetic characteristics; in this experiment, the TRM cultivar shows a good yield (16.7 t/ha), and the evaluated characteristics improve compared to the other cultivars studied, which could be due to the high compatibility of this cultivar to the environmental conditions of the study. The excellent performance on the yield of TRM makes this cultivar more appreciable on a commercial level.

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Zinchenko, A. I., L. L. Birichevskaya, I. S. Kazlouski, and A. B. Bulatovski. "Possible response of molecular biotechnology to call SARS-CoV-2." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 66, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-3-357-369.

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COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 affected virtually all life aspects in most countries and nations. During 2020 around 100 mln of Earth inhabitants contracted this morbid infection and 2 mln people died thereafter. It is natural therefore that many pharmaceutical companies around the globe have joined into the race aimed at elaboration of prophylactic antiviral vaccines. However, the option can not be ruled out that parenteral vaccines to counter rapidly mutating pandemic coronavirus may be designed hastily, neglecting due tests of remote side effects, so that in the long run they risk to be expelled from the marked due to doubtful safety and efficiency.As a real alternative to traditional vaccination techniques the present mini-review has proposed application of intranasal adjuvant nano-vaccine. If necessary, this approach may be complemented with pharmacological inactivation of coronavirus under the impact of ribo-favipiravir, recombinant arginine deiminase, RNAse L or lactoferrin, as well as biogenic silver or copper nanoparticles - the preparations derived from up-to-date molecular biotechnological processes.

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Thompson, Claudia, Walter Beys-da-Silva, Lucélia Santi, Markus Berger, Marilene Vainstein, Jorge Guima rães, and Ana Tereza Vasconcelos. "A potential source for cellulolytic enzyme discovery and environmental aspects revealed through metagenomics of Brazilian mangroves." AMB Express 3, no. 1 (2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2191-0855-3-65.

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Nielsen, Michael, Lars Hauer Larsen, Mike S. M. Jetten, and Niels Peter Revsbech. "Bacterium-Based NO2− Biosensor for Environmental Applications." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6551-6558.2004.

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ABSTRACT A sensitive NO2 − biosensor that is based on bacterial reduction of NO2 − to N2O and subsequent detection of the N2O by a built-in electrochemical N2O sensor was developed. Four different denitrifying organisms lacking NO3 − reductase activity were assessed for use in the biosensor. The relevant physiological aspects examined included denitrifying characteristics, growth rate, NO2 − tolerance, and temperature and salinity effects on the growth rate. Two organisms were successfully used in the biosensor. The preferred organism was Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, which is an organism with a denitrifying pathway deficient in both NO3 − and N2O reductases. Alternatively Alcaligenes faecalis could be used when acetylene was added to inhibit its N2O reductase. The macroscale biosensors constructed exhibited a linear NO2 − response at concentrations up to 1 to 2 mM. The detection limit was around 1 μM NO2 −, and the 90% response time was 0.5 to 3 min. The sensor signal was specific for NO2 −, and interference was observed only with NH2OH, NO, N2O, and H2S. The sensor signal was affected by changes in temperature and salinity, and calibration had to be performed in a system with a temperature and an ionic strength comparable to those of the medium analyzed. A broad range of water bodies could be analyzed with the biosensor, including freshwater systems, marine systems, and oxic-anoxic wastewaters. The NO2 − biosensor was successfully used for long-term online monitoring in wastewater. Microscale versions of the NO2 − biosensor were constructed and used to measure NO2 − profiles in marine sediment.

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Anisa, Chelsilya, Grace Yohana, Mucco Eva, Morry Zefanya, and Nadila. "THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)." Sociae Polites 21, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i1.1589.

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Current technological advances have been present in all aspects of human life, including technological advances in biotechnology. Biotechnology not only raises hope for science but also raises heated debates among scientists, especially between the European Union and the US. This debate arises because of differences in perspective between the EU and the US. The EU has stringent rules regarding the development efforts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the same time, the US thinks that GMOs are part of agriculture, so there is no need for any special laws to regulate them. Various side effects also come hand in hand with the birth of GMOs. They are ranging from adverse effects on human health, the health of food products, and even environmental damage. The development of GMOs can damage the ecosystem of species that exist in the environment. Still, more complex problems arise due to GMOs like economic problems and monopolies. Keywords: The GMOs, The EU, The US.

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Afif, Ghozi Aminurrahman, Supeno Supeno, and Zainur Rasyid Ridlo. "PROFIL LITERASI BIOTEKNOLOGI SISWA SMP DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA." Paedagoria : Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kependidikan 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/paedagoria.v13i1.8047.

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Abstrak: Literasi bioteknologi merupakan salah satu bagian dari literasi sains yang dapat diartikan sebagai pengetahuan dan kecakapan ilmiah dalam bidang bioteknologi. Literasi bioteknologi menjadi penting bagi siswa karena literasi bioteknologi mencakup kecakapan terhadap isu-isu yang terkait sains. Penilaian literasi yang dikhususkan pada materi bioteknologi masih sangat minim dikarenakan materi bioteknologi termasuk materi yang baru. Selain itu, penilaian mengenai literasi selama ini hanya literasi sains dan tidak terfokus pada literasi bioteknologi. Oleh karena itu, diadakannya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan memetakan kemampuan literasi bioteknologi sehingga guru dapat merancang pembelajaran bioteknologi yang baik serta mampu menyesuaikan dan melakukan upaya perbaikan dalam merancang kegiatan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kemampuan siswa dalam materi bioteknologi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa soal tes literasi bioteknologi yang telah disusun berdasarkan tujuh aspek literasi dan telah melalui proses validasi dan dinyatakan sah untuk digunakan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa berusia 15-16 tahun yang telah mengikuti pembelajaran IPA pada materi bioteknologi pangan pada jenjang SMP kelas IX di semester genap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi bioteknologi siswa SMP berada pada kategori cukup dengan capaian rata-rata sebesar 55,1. Literasi bioteknologi terendah yang dikuasai oleh siswa adalah pada aspek memahami dan menginterpretasikan statistik dasar, menginterpretasi kesalahan, dan memahami kebutuhan untuk analisis statistik dengan capaian rata-rata skor sebesar 1,48 dari skor maksimal 4,00.Abstract: Biotechnology literacy is one part of scientific literacy, defined as scientific knowledge and skills in biotechnology. Biotechnology literacy is an essential skill for students because it includes proficiency in the latest science-related issues. Assessment of specific literacy in biotechnology materials is still minimal because biotechnology materials are new materials. In addition, the literacy assessment so far has only been limited to scientific literacy and has not focused on biotechnology literacy. Therefore, this research aims to measure and map biotechnology literacy skills so that teachers can design suitable biotechnology lessons and adapt and make improvement efforts in designing learning activities that follow students' abilities in biotechnology material. The research instrument used was in the form of biotechnology literacy test questions compiled based on seven aspects of literacy and had gone through a validation process and were declared valid for use. The research subjects were students aged 15-16 years who had participated in science learning on food biotechnology material at the 9th-grade junior high school level in the even semester. The results showed that the biotechnology literacy ability of junior high school students was in enough category, with an average achievement of 55.1. The lowest biotechnology literacy mastered by students is understanding and interpreting basic statistics, analyzing errors, and understanding the need for statistical analysis with an average score of 1.48 out of a maximum score of 4.00.

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Wahl, Per E., and Kristian M. Lien. "Combinatorial aspects of sharp split separation systems synthesis." AIChE Journal 36, no. 10 (October 1990): 1601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361020.

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Mohapatra, Rajalaxmi, and J. Rajagopala Rao. "Some aspects of characterisation, utilisation and environmental effects of fly ash." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 76, no. 1 (January 2001): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4660(200101)76:1<9::aid-jctb335>3.0.co;2-5.

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Adriaenssens, Evelien M., and Don A. Cowan. "Using Signature Genes as Tools To Assess Environmental Viral Ecology and Diversity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 15 (May 16, 2014): 4470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00878-14.

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ABSTRACTViruses (including bacteriophages) are the most abundant biological entities on the planet. As such, they are thought to have a major impact on all aspects of microbial community structure and function. Despite this critical role in ecosystem processes, the study of virus/phage diversity has lagged far behind parallel studies of the bacterial and eukaryotic kingdoms, largely due to the absence of any universal phylogenetic marker. Here we review the development and use of signature genes to investigate viral diversity, as a viable strategy for data sets of specific virus groups. Genes that have been used include those encoding structural proteins, such as portal protein, major capsid protein, and tail sheath protein, auxiliary metabolism genes, such aspsbA,psbB, andphoH, and several polymerase genes. These marker genes have been used in combination with PCR-based fingerprinting and/or sequencing strategies to investigate spatial, temporal, and seasonal variations and diversity in a wide range of habitats.

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Mathias, P. M., and M. S. Benson. "Computational aspects of equations of state: Fact and fiction." AIChE Journal 32, no. 12 (December 1986): 2087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321220.

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Butiuc-Keul, Anca, and Ana Coste. "Biotechnologies and Strategies for Grapevine Improvement." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010062.

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera) is one of the most widespread and economically important perennial fruit crops in the world. Viticulture has changed over the years in response to changing environmental conditions and market demands, triggering the development of new and improved varieties to ensure the crop’s sustainability. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on the recent developments in biotechnology and molecular biology and to establish the potential of these technologies for the genetic improvement of grapevine. The following aspects are discussed: (i) the importance of molecular marker-based methods for proper cultivar identification and how NGS-based high-throughput technologies have greatly benefited the development of genotyping techniques, trait mapping, and genomic selection; (ii) the recent advances in grapevine regeneration, genetic transformation, and genome editing, such as new breeding technology approaches for enhanced grapevine yield, quality improvement, and the selection of valuable varieties and cultivars. The specific problems and challenges linked to grapevine biotechnology, along with the importance of integrating classical and new technologies, are highlighted.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Biotechnology'

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