Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Block grants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Block grants"
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Dommel, P. R. "Community Development Block Grants." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040279.
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This paper summarizes the decentralization policy effects found in an eight-year longitudinal study of the community development block grant program in the United States of America. The effects studied were categorized as programmatic, institutional, and benefits. Attention is also given to the methodological and measurement issues associated with a study of a decentralized program which has operated within a context of shifting federal policies about the appropriate level of federal oversight of the program. The point of emphasis is that analysis of policy effects requires a sufficiently long observation period to be able to discern the continuities and discontinuities from previous policy or lack of a policy. Furthermore, longitudinal policy analysis is also likely to require alteration and refinement of measurement techniques as the research progresses.
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Mcnutt, Kristen. "Pros and Cons of Block Grants." Journal of Nutrition Education 28, no. 2 (March 1996): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(96)70030-4.
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SHEVCHENKO, H. M., and M. M. PETRUSHENKO. "RECREATIONAL NATURE USE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC TOOLS." Economic innovations 21, no. 4(73) (December 20, 2019): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.4(73).180-188.
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Topicality. In the context of sustainable development as the leading concept of the modern stage of human development, in particular ecological, economic and related social aspects, there are contradictions of various nature in different economic sectors and social spheres. In case of social exacerbation, these contradictions turn into a conflict form, namely in the form of environmental, including natural-resource and other conflicts. Their timely resolution is one of the requirements of national and, in particular, environmental safety. In the sphere of recreational nature management, the issues of contradictions and conflicts are certainly relevant and need improvement both from a theoretical point of view and in terms of formation of organizational-economic instruments for resolving relevant conflict situations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to summarize and analyze the provisions that underlie the formation of principles and instruments for managing recreational nature use in the context of resolving the contradictions of sustainable development. Research results. The article deals with the methodological principles of nature management research (as a key category for understanding the contradictions of sustainable development), namely: the principle of genetic unity of nature and society, the principle of mediating the role of social production in the relationship "society - nature", the principle of nature reproduction. Theoretical provisions on ecological contradictions and conflicts, in particular regarding recreational nature use, are generalized. The classification of instruments for resolving the contradictions of ecologically sustainable development (both in general and in certain ecological-economic sphere, in particular, recreational use of nature) is proposed, namely: economic (financial-credit: subsidies, grants, preferential credits; preferential and discriminatory taxation of services and products, and the use of resources; environmental insurance; payments for pollution and nature use; accelerated depreciation of environmental funds; price instruments), administrative (decisions of territorial bodies, departmental prohibitions; regulatory framework, in particular, limits on pollution and use of resources, etc.; environmental audit and expertise; environmental monitoring; environmental and natural resource target programs; permits and licenses for any kind of environmental activity; instruments for resolving natural resource conflicts), social and psychological (promoting non-monetary forms of the market; environmental education and training; public pressure; environmental consulting; resolving environmental conflicts) and organizational. Conclusion. In the paper theoretical views that reveal the essence of recreational nature use in the context of contradictions of sustainable ecological and economic development are generalized. The principles of analysis of contradictions related to the methodology of nature use in its extended and narrow interpretations are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, in the aggravated state, ecological and economic contradictions become ecological conflicts. In the example of the Black Sea region, environmental conflicts related to tourism and recreation are actualized; positive is the fact that their share in the structure of all ten kinds of environmental conflicts is negligible. The classification of organizational-economic instruments for resolving the contradictions of sustainable development, which are adapted to the sphere of recreational nature use, in which, in particular, along with the traditional economic management instruments, are presented organizational and socio-psychological tools for resolving environmental conflicts.
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Aarsaether, N. "Institutional Design and Central—Local Strategies: Introducing the New Block Grants System in Norway." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (September 1989): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070301.
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When special grants are replaced by block grants in a central–local financing system, central government steering of the communalized welfare sectors can no longer be based on economic incentives. In this paper the potential for central government control over welfare policies under block-grants conditions is discussed, with particular reference to the change in the Norwegian transfers system. It is argued that, given high ambitions for the welfare state at the central level, a central government may find legislation to be an insufficient means of control, and it may be more likely to search for new types of economic incentives to make the communes perform according to the priorities of the national welfare state. In doing so, however, the central government must find methods of legitimizing a partial return to old practices that do not contradict the principle of block grants.
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Logan, Bruce M., David A. Rochefort, and Ernest W. Cook. "Block Grants for Mental Health: Elements of the State Response." Journal of Public Health Policy 6, no. 4 (December 1985): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342048.
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Siluanov, A., and V. Nazarov. "Coordination between Federal and Regional Governments While Conducting Anti-recession Policy: International Practice." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2009): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-9-110-118.
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In countries with multilevel budget system the efficiency of anti-recession policy largely depends on the coordination between federal, regional and municipal governments. It can be achieved by using various intergovernmental fiscal instruments such as reduction of federal taxes and tax redistribution between government levels, softening credit requirements for subnational governments, unconditional and block grants, federal investments in regional infrastructure and co-financing of regional programs affecting people with low and moderate income. Analysis of international practice helps to understand whether it is reasonable to use these instruments in Russia.
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Jereb, Eva. "Elements Influencing Study Success." Organizacija 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-010-0002-5.
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Elements Influencing Study SuccessStudy success can be influenced by following factors: (i) social elements (social class position, parents' education, parents' profession, parents' income); (ii) student-related factors (motivation, aptitude, effort, IQ, time spend on study, opportunity to learn, pre-university education); (iii) quality of instruction (organisation, course material, communication, assignments, exams, grading, course outcomes); (iv) curriculum (number of courses, sequence of courses, test schedule, system-block or parallel); (v) government (grant, student accommodation). In the paper the influence of these factors on study success is presented. Social and academic integration are central aspects. In the research we found out that "social elements" greatly influence the decision to enrol, but have less influence on marks received and the duration of study. Grants also greatly influence study success. We were surprised when we found out that factors from the "quality of instruction" group can only explain 12.3% of the variance of exam results.
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Yates, J. "Equalisation and Cash Limits: A View from Down Under." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050137.
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In this paper, the similarities in and differences between the UK and Australian systems of allocating central government grants to local government are used to evaluate the equalisation methodologies employed in each country. In the analytical framework used, fiscal disability is measured vis-à-vis the most advantaged authority. The extent of the horizontal equalisation which occurs is shown to depend on whether this most advantaged authority receives a positive, zero, or negative per capita grant. It is concluded that in the United Kingdom, under the post 1981 unitary block-grant system, a deficiency principle or sequential approach to equalisation has been continued. In Australia, if the recommendations of the 1985 national inquiry are implemented by the local government grants commissions, the equalisation methodology employed by them will imitate the UK approach. It will thus ensure that maximum support is provided to the most disadvantaged authorities, given the constraints imposed on total funds available for equalisation.
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Silva, Fernanda Buono da, Timóteo Ramos Queiroz, Denilson Burkert, and Rodrigo Lilla Manzione. "Usos múltiplos da água por usuários outorgados nas bacias hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 2172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p2172-2185.
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The growing demand for water resources can generate conflicts between different users. To this end, water resources management instruments were implemented, in particular the granting of the right to use, which prioritize the multiple and rational use of water. The work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the profile and the distribution of water uses granted in relation to socioeconomic aspects in the municipalities that make up the Hydrographic Basins Committee of the Aguapeí and Peixe Rivers (CBH-AP). Grant data from 58 municipalities with which descriptive statistics were analysed and prepared for the discussion on the scenario of the multiple uses of water granted. Subsequently, the data were given to the multiple regression statistical analysis, in which the relationship between the number of grants per municipality and its socioeconomic parameters was analyzed. The results demonstrated the grants in the municipalities that comprise an area covered by the Hydrographic Basins Committee of the Aguapeí and Peixe rivers are mainly related to the use of groundwater in rural areas. In the three municipalities (Bastos, Dracena and Tupã) concentrate 26% of the analyzed grants. The increase in MHDI and population, at the same time, stimulates the growth in the number of grants. Thus, there is a need to implement public policies that collaborate directly or indirectly to increase the regularization of water use.
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Silva, C. N. "Local Finance in Portugal: Recent Proposals and Consequences for Urban Management." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16, no. 4 (August 1998): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c160411.
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Recent changes in the local finance system in Portugal are analysed as is the impact of present government proposals. A brief description of local finance in Portugal reveals a system structured into three main components, showing an increase in local taxes and a relative decrease in grants since 1979. Taxes on immovable property are dominant as are unconditional block grants in state budget transfers. Another characteristic is a clear geographical differentiation in most municipal revenue components. The importance of local government expenditure in relation to total government expenditure is one of the lowest in Europe. The reform in preparation will result in an increase in local government expenditure as a proportion of total public expenditure, the percentage being expected to double to 15%, representing an increase in the overall weight given to local taxes and a diversification of taxes. In the second part of the paper the author discusses the impact this will have on the financing of municipal planning and urbanisation, with the issue of equity a central point.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Block grants"
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Buthelezi, Sikhumbuzo Archibald. "Indoor and outdoor environmental assessment of Durban block hostels : an internal evaluations on exposure measures and outcomes of self supported health and well-being in hostels." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1998.
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Hostel dwellers form a larger part of the urban population in South Africa (Ramphele, 1999). These hostels were initially created as temporal arrangement for African men moving from rural to urban areas seeking for employment. Due to housing shortage in urban areas they eventually became permanent residential accommodation. However, observations into the environmental conditions in these hostels have raised concerns about the health and well being of residents and neighbouring communities. The area of study was selected on the basis of the current depleted living conditions due to mismanagement of facilities provided by both the occupants and the hostel administrators. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study involving all three Durban Metropolitan block hostels. Assessing (i) the quality of block hostel environment (indoor and outdoor) through visual inspection (walkthrough), (ii) the exposure measures and outcomes (biophysical environment assessment) by means of questionnaire survey, air testing and microbial identification. Sixty three (63) hostel inventory were completed, followed by the administration of 450 questionnaires, and 646 surface and air samples were collected in the indoors of the selected hostel blocks including the control outdoor samples. The demographic profile of the hostel dwellers in the selected hostel blocks revealed that in the five bed type dormitories the habitable space per individual was 3 m 2 to 3.8 m2. Whilst in the ten bed type dormitories the habitable space per individual was 3.3 m 2 to 3.6 m2 . This was not even close to the World Health Organization suggested habitable space of 12 m2 (WHO, 2000) and was therefore regarded as overcrowding. Lack of access control in the hostels exacerbated by the socio-economic demands of the living environments, e.g. unemployment, was to blame for overcrowding. This overcrowding of the hostels was overloading the services, causing enormous number of blockages and bursts of wastewater pipes resulting in the system not functioning. This situation resulted in the accumulation of dampness in the indoor environment, and hence creating conditions favouring the growth of indoor mouldiness in the buildings. This was further supported by evidence that 47% of the occupants in the selected hostel blocks were experiencing respiratory symptoms and 53% experiencing non-respiratory symptoms. The most recorded respiratory symptoms were pulmonary tuberculosis (14.3%), chest tightness (12.2%), sore and dry throat (7%), sinus congestion (7%) symptoms. Whilst the most recorded non-respiratory symptoms were headache (11.5%), dry and itchy skin (11.5%), stomach upset (6.3%) and fatigue (3.6%). Forty five percent (45%) of the respondents were current smokers and 80% of them had a tendency of smoking indoors. The results of the surface and air samples indicated that the level of indoor mould growth in the selected hostel blocks was at 37, 24%. Surface moulds were at 58% and airborne spores were at 42%. Statistical analysis of data revealed a significant relationship between exposure factors and outcomes in the 5, 10 and 15-bed type dormitories. Incidence Risk Rate (IRR) and the p-value (p . 0.01) were used to determine relationships between exposure factors and outcomes. Certain factors were very much supportive in the development of selfreported symptoms in the selected hostel blocks of the three hostels under certain circumstances and these were the hygiene state of the building, leaking pipes, smoking habits and total mea and dg surface moulds. At all levels of the analysis the hygiene state of the building was very much supportive in the development of self-reported symptoms. Other exposure factors were not supportive at all, for example, structural defects, bed-types, different floor levels and participants' perception of overcrowding. A review process of the role of legislation in controlling the adverse health effects revealed that certain aspects of the legislation relating to building standards requirements, sanitation requirements, ventilation requirements, space and density requirements, and air quality standards requirements were violated. Therefore, the findings of the study recommended that a proper management plan must be developed to enhance living standards. This plan shall include a routine maintenance of the building structures, the development of a culture of self-care, as well as access control in the hostels. In addition to that where there are signs of visible moulds on walls and ceilings adequate control measures are highly recommended using commercially available measures in order to provide a healthy living environment. In conclusion is the adoption of a compliance policy towards legal requirements pertaining to building standards as defined in the National Building Regulations Standards Act (Act 103 of 1977). This study has showed that necessary iii steps need to be taken in South Africa in order to combat this problem. Further research need to be taken in order the inhabitable buildings to be better living environment improving the existing building structures.Thesis (MMed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
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Ndou, Avhatakali Christopher. "An investigation into the socio-economic factors and community perception in the direction of the conservation and management of the wetland : a case study of Thohoyandou Block F." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/38.
Full textBooks on the topic "Environmental aspects of Block grants"
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Copeland, Claudia. Environmental block grants: A discussion of current issues. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1986.
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Brunsing, Thomas P. The block displacement method field demonstration and specifications. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.
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Executive, Scotland Scottish. Scottish agriculture: A guide to grants and services. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2002.
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Office, General Accounting. Environmental protection: Information on EPA project grants and use of waiver authority. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Guide to sources of funding for environmental projects. Wexford: E.P.A., 1997.
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San Francisco (Calif.). Dept. of City Planning. Subdivision and rezoning of vacant lot on 2200 block of Funston Avenue: Draft environmental impact report. [San Francisco, Calif: The Department], 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Water quality, an evaluation method for the construction grants program: Report to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.
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Whitten, Kenneth R. Movement patterns of the porcupine caribou herd in relation to oil development. Juneau: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1990.
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Whitten, Kenneth R. Movement patterns of the porcupine caribou herd in relation to oil development. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1993.
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Whitten, Kenneth R. Movement patterns of the porcupine caribou herd in relation to oil development. Juneau: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Block grants"
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Mir, Sajad Hussain, and Attiya Baddar. "Association between Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration and Obesity Prevalence in Children and Adolescents." In Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution, 214–45. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch012.
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Bisphenol A is an organic compound that serves as a building block of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Being the world's highest-volume chemicals in use today in the form of medical devices, water and infant bottles, food cans, kitchen utensils, water supply pipes, compact devices, etc., this compound—after gaining an access to the body of an individual by way of leaching into food and water supplies—acts as an obesogen and disrupts the body weight regulation by either promoting adipogenesis or triggering the differentiation of fibroblasts into adipocytes. The other adverse effects of bisphenol A include insulin resistance, adipocyte differentiation or aromatase-mediated transformation of androgen into estrogen, cardiovascular diseases, liver function abnormalities, alterations in the circulating thyroid hormone levels, association with diabetes and carcinogenic effect. Its other aspects on health individually as well as in combination with other chemicals are worth mentioning.
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Kharchenko, Anna, and Ylia Khrutba. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC SERVICE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FROM PLANNED ROAD CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-40.
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The main idea of the study was to automate the environmental impact assessment process. The subject of the research is the process of algorithmization and automation of environmental impact assessment. During the research, the methods of impact assessment as tools for analyzing the impact of road repair processes are considered in detail. And also the mathematical device which can be applied to an estimation of influence on environment of processes of construction and reconstruction of roads is algorithmized. The main aspects of the impact during the technological process of road repair, which formed the criterion basis for environmental impact assessment, are characterized and formed. The methodology of this study is based on the use of a combined approach to environmental impact assessment using the improved Leopold matrix and its further study using the Harrington function. At each stage of both the implementation of the stages of the environmental impact assessment and the processes themselves during the construction and reconstruction (repair) of the highway, the information can be presented in the form of different matrices. Based on the methodology and algorithm for quantifying the impact on the environment using the Leopold matrix and the Harrington desirability function, an electronic service – Electronic Calculator Environmental Impact Assessment (ECEIA) was developed. The general structure of the Electronic Service includes two main blocks: Block "Database" and Block of calculation, between which there is a direct relationship. Development and implementation of a basic version of a full-featured effective interactive e-service for independent environmental impact assessment according to clearly defined indicators and methods of their assessment contributes to the maximum reduction of the human factor in environmental impact assessment and prevention of possible corruption. When developing the basic version of the Electronic Service, the possibility of further implementation of its additional functions was taken into account, in particular, the possibility of further authorization of users through the use of EDS / QES was provided; expanding the criteria base for environmental impact assessment and technological processes for assessing their impact on the environment; integration of external information into the database of the Electronic Service; tracking and visualization of information on the results of environmental impact assessment of various types of planned activities.
Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Block grants"
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Hasdemir, Mehmet, and Mine Hasdemir. "Implementation of Environmentally Based Agricultural Land Protection Program in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01775.
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Agriculture, which includes many aspects like vegetative and animal production by utilization of soil and water resources and enhancement of efficiency and quality, has been considered the most environmentally-friendly sector up to date and meets nutritional demand of one fifth of world population. On the other hand, due to utilization of intensive input for maximization of yield per unit area of land, agriculture has become a sector which may also result negative impacts on the environment. For this reason, environmentally-friendly agricultural policies have started to be implemented in many countries besides the implementation of policies based on increased agricultural production. In this context, Environmentally Based Agricultural Land Protection (ÇATAK) Program has started to be implemented in Turkey since 2006 for protection of soil and water quality, prevention of erosion and mitigation of agriculture-derived negative impacts. The Program is executed by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Within this scope, environmentally-friendly practices are being supported by awarding grants to the beneficiary farmers. This study aims to address the extent to which implementation of ÇATAK Program has contributed to land protection based on a review of environmentally-friendly agricultural practices and beneficiary activities. Additionally, the place of environmental subsidy is assessed within the agricultural funding scheme being implemented in Turkey.
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Tocheny, L. V. "Experimental and Research Study of Novel Nuclear Concepts (Survey of Current Results of ISTC Programs)." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-76031.
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The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) is a unique international organization created in Moscow fifteen years ago by Russia, USA, EU and Japan. Later Korea and Canada, and several CIS countries as well acceded to ISTC. The basic idea behind establishing the ISTC was to support non-proliferation of the mass destruction weapons technologies by re-directing former Soviet weapons scientists to peaceful research thus preventing the drain of dangerous knowledge and expertise from Russia and other CIS countries. Numerous science and technology projects are realized with the ISTC support in different areas, from biotechnologies and environmental problems to all aspects of nuclear studies, including those focused on the development of effective innovative concepts and technologies in the nuclear field, in general, and for improvement of nuclear safety, in particular. Presently, the ISTC now has 40 member countries (27 from EU), representing the CIS, Europe, Asia, and North America. The Partner list includes over 180 organizations and leading industrial companies from all ISTC parties. ISTC Activities to the beginning of 2009: above 2500 projects approved for funding. More than 350 institutions and 35,000 specialists received grants from ISTC. The presentation addresses some consequences of the ISTC projects and programs, related to nuclear science and technologies, as well as methods and approaches employed by the ISTC to foster close international collaboration and joint manage projects towards fruitful results.
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DuBoff, Scott M. "Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection: The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.
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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relationship between flow control and WTE development, including significant encouragement for use of flow control as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S.Ct. 1786 (2007), is the focus of this paper, which will address the following topics: Policy Basis for Flow Control — Absent government intervention, management of municipal solid waste will seek the lowest cost (i.e., short-term cost) and frequently less environmentally protective alternatives. Flow control can counter the tendency to choose alternatives with lower short-term costs and at the same time facilitate implementation of the environmentally-preferable waste management alternatives a local government selects, such as WTE technology and other aspects of “integrated waste management.” Flow Control and the Courts — While the authority of a given local government to use flow control is grounded in state law, flow control also implicates matters that arise under federal law, such as Commerce Clause issues, given the possibility that solid waste regulation in one state can affect commercial interests in solid waste management in another state. Although concerns regarding claims of impact on interstate commerce prompted a negative Supreme Court response to flow control in C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), the Court’s decision 13 years later in the Oneida-Herkimer case was in many ways just the opposite. WTE’s Correlation with Flow Control and Practical Guideposts — WTE development can be significantly advanced by the use of flow control. That conclusion is borne out by empirical data. The concluding portion of this paper addresses that topic as well as corollary issues, such as public-private collaboration for WTE development and other practical guideposts for implementing flow control ordinances.
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Kulkarni, Sandip D., Nasim Mirnateghi, JiangHong Ding, and Ashok Desai. "Spindle Motor Simulator for Hard Disk Drive: A Design Tool for Predicting Spinup Time and Headroom Safety for High Volume Manufacturing." In ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9626.
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This paper presents a novel simulator for hard disk drive (HDD) spindle motor, developed to accelerate motor design verification for large volume product by predicting spin-up time (a performance metric) and voltage headroom (an important reliability metric). The simulator comprises of a BLDC (brushless DC) spindle motor model, firmware block, and power device block. The simulator integrates physics-based model structures with more complex measurement-based behavioral aspects at various temperatures and speeds. All model parameters incorporate realistic environmental factors and part variations; simulation of large sample size of in silico drive design based on Monte Carlo (MC) selection of parameters yields theoretical results capable of predicting defective parts per million in field. The simulator uses a modular approach allowing changing of firmware settings, details of Power Large Scale Integration (PLSI), and motor mechanics, which are product specific. This simulator model can be used for feasibility assessment of new electromechanical designs, available design margins for motor selection and it is also a reliable tool to provide boundaries for firmware (FW) settings to avoid reaching failure modes.
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Cavallo, Emanuele, Rinaldo C. Michelini, and Rezia M. Molfino. "The Restoring of Dismissed Offshore Oil Plants by a Remotely Operated Robotic Platform." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58195.
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The paper gives an overview of the research project SBC (contract n° GIRD-CT-2000-03007), aimed at the environment protection and rehabilitation, by means of an innovative robotic equipment, purposely developed with active interaction between academia and industries, showing joint issues as for scientific, technological, economic, social and cultural aspects, along the challenging track to eco-consistency. The falls-off bring forth:- a new technology: the sub-bottom wire cutting; - a reliably tailored set-up: the robotic platform; - a low-impact duty-scheme: the dig-and-saw process; - a safe work-cycle: the remote monitoring and control. The Sub Bottom Cutter, SBC, approach grants highly conservative decommissioning operations of dismissed submerged offshore structures. Due to surrounding hostility (pressure, temperature, pollution, ...), the robot is remotely controlled from the surface, where a human operator monitors the task advance intervening if any snag occurs. The equipment uses the diamond wire technology (DWT) to cut the pile foundations beneath the sea bottom. The result is the full removal of the structure, which may be made by steel, concrete or a combination of the two, and the consequent restoration of the underwater environment, according to the enacted laws and regulations. The project originality relies on combining and improving known and co-operating technologies, namely: diamond wire cutting and sub-bottom operation; robot-based tools and remote monitoring and control. This leads to the never attempted task of shearing below sea bottom in a hostile environment by a low-impact duty-scheme (dig-and-saw), through reliable and safe process (unmanned work-cycles). The prospected technique allows the environmentally safe disposal of offshore installations (wellheads, platforms, terminals and sea-lines), as well as marine and harbour structures, limiting the volume of the seabed excavation to less than 10 m3 per each access to the structure to be cut, like, jacket piles or wellheads, etc.. The excavated volume of the solid materials per single dig is estimated to be 100–150 times less than the one removed by conventional dredge systems. Moreover, sub-bottom diamond wire cutting leaves mainly unaltered the surroundings, with most of metal discharges trapped at the operation site. The project was successfully fulfilled, and a prototypal equipment has been tested during July 2003, within a marine surroundings, properly accomplishing the cutting sequence. The paper presents an overall discussion of the technical background required by the case peculiarities, and summarises the main design incumbents faced for the ideation and the construction of the robotic platform. Emphasis equally focuses on the structural checks and on the work-cycle performance, with due account of the task specification, the prototype definition, the conditioning computational and experimental checks and the basic monitoring and overseeing environment asuuring reliable remote govern. The key benefits of the finally achieved prototype show the very relevant outcomes of the solution, such as: the use of a clean process, not interfering with the equilibrium of the marine habitat; the integrated design of mechanics, hydraulics and the underwater functional components; the unmanned operation, ruled by an intelligent remote control/drive station on surface; the guarantee of the completion of the cutting task, provided by remote monitoring; the previous assessment of life-cycle performance, by digital prototyping and virtual testing; the optimisation in terms of environmental impact, overall efficiency and system reliability for the use underwater, and the low energy consumption in relation to the total power applied (250/300 kW); the unaltered overall efficiency of removed structures and materials characteristics involved in the cutting process, thus allowing the re-use for the same or different work-scopes; the noteworthy efficiency of the dig-and-saw process, and the comparative low over-all costs. The presentation offers a noteworthy example where the integrated desing grants the successful merging of technologies, to efficiently and reliably fulfill demanding duties. The demand to restore uncontaminated conditions of marine sites modified by men activity and the global spreading of off-shore reclamation tasks require international concern, as, today, proper technologies are missing as for human and for environment safety. The urgency follows, in view of the European sustainability programmes and the North Sea case. In such a context, the prospected development could be winning reference.
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Fradette, Michael, and Ke Max Zhang. "Energy Storage for a Sustainable Development." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90214.
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The CU Green, Palamanui Project Team worked to create an integrated document for the developers of Palamanui, a 725 acre community on the Big Island of Hawaii consisting of residential sections, a business park, town center, university, and hotel, regarding how the development can be more sustainable and environmental aware. The document addresses engineering issues, alongside architectural and environmental issues, including but not limited to solar generation, energy storage, plug in hybrid vehicles (PHEV), microgrids, smart architectural and landscape design, load management, waste water treatment, and the business aspects of each technology. The team worked together to combine engineering, environmental, social, architectural, and business aspects into a single overarching document recommending how the development can move towards sustainability. The following paper addresses the energy storage aspects for the Palamanui development, analyzing different technologies, operating scenarios, and financial results. Incorporating an energy-storage system in the Palamanui development is beneficial for all involved parties. Residents benefit from a more reliable grid, with increased distributed generation. The community and environment will benefit from increased solar generation and a reduction in required peak generation from HELCO, corresponding to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants. Lastly, the developers benefit because the property can be marketed as a sustainable development with a more reliable grid, thus increasing market value. The storage system can exist as a centralized plant, being a large battery bank or compressed-air-energy storage system (CAES), or the system can be distributed throughout the development as plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) or individual home batteries. Of the many energy storage methods available, three are seriously considered for the Palamanui development: sodium sulfur battery banks, lead-acid battery banks, and small-scale CAES in fabricated vessels. Battery banks and CAES operate under the same concept, drawing energy from the grid during times of low demand (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) or from excess solar generation. During times of peak demand, stored energy is discharged to the grid to meet daily loads. Of all the systems analyzed, the final recommendation is block storage distributed throughout the development using sodium-sulfur (NaS) batteries. Sodium-sulfur batteries are the most appealing because of the small footprint, long lifetime, and lower lifetime cost. CAES systems with natural-gas prove to be too expensive with Hawaii’s high natural-gas prices. CAES without natural-gas has potential, but with little to no commercial testing having been done on this systems, further investigation is required and strongly recommended.
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Mendes, Renato F., Kleber J. A. Porto Silva, and Luiz Fernando S. Oliveira. "Economic Transportation Risk Assessment From Offshore Oil Fields to Refineries." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27207.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes an analysis of the transportation reliability and economic risk associated with potential accidents during the lifetime of a brand new enterprise. The methodology was applied during the technical-financial assessment of offshore and onshore transportation from oil fields to refineries. It considered operations involving the potential for environment damage and business interruption. The case study considered two major configurations: Maritime+Pipelines: combining FPSOs (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading), tankers, terminals, and onshore pipelines; and Pure Pipelines: SSs (Semi-submersibles) and offshore and onshore pipeline system conveying oil to refineries. Each installation/activity with potential to generate an accident was represented by one block on the diagram, in the reliability study. The consequences to the transportation enterprise were defined based on economic impact. It was necessary to mine information on the environmental costs of past accidents within the company, as well as worldwide. Business interruption was considered for the transportation project and also for the refineries connected in the process. The risk for each route configuration from oil field to refinery was developed by plotting the frequency and consequence data in a spreadsheet for each activity along the transportation route. As a result we developed a comparative risk analysis table to support a major financial assessment. Beyond the traditional process of assessing projects in terms of investment and return, PETROBRAS is now considering other aspects, such as potential accidents that may play a role in assessing financial feasibility.