Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Capital investments'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Timushev, Evgeny N. "Fiscal powers of municipalities in Russia’s resource-rich regions and fixed capital investment." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-4-129-146.
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The article considers the nature and limits of the impact local fiscal decentralization exerts on private fixed capital investments in resource-rich Russia’s regions. The relevance of this topic is due, firstly, to the fact that sufficient expenditure and revenue powers at the local level ensure sustainable economic development, and secondly, the lack of research on relationship between investments and local fiscal decentralization in Russia. The study confirms the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve in the investment-decentralization association for the group of resource-rich regions as well as the superiority of revenue decentralization over expenditure decentralization in terms of its impact on economic development. For 2009—2016, investments were the highest when local fiscal decentralization was 46—47% and 43—51% in expenditure and revenue aspects, respectively (for Russia as a whole, 35—36% and 33—34%). Tax revenues in those figures do not exceed 30 p.p., the rest is occupied by earmarked grants (subsidies) and, especially, general-purpose grants (“dotatsii”). The excess of the optimal level of revenue decentralization over the expenditure one in resource-rich regions is explained by drivers of relatively large local powers there — less dependence on federal transfers, low regional tax burden, and greater elasticity of regional fiscal policy to external factors. The overall excess of optimal levels in comparison to Russia as a whole is explained by high local demand for both differentiation of expenditures and intraregional intergovernmental redistribution in those regions. Reduction of fiscal decentralization for 2008—2018 curbed private investment. The greatest losses were incurred by lack of revenue decentralization in the resource-rich regions, which could have reached more than 80% of the median investments.
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Craveiro, A. M., H. M. Soares, and W. Schmidell. "Technical Aspects and Cost Estimations for Anaerobic Systems Treating Vinasse and Brewery/Soft Drink Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0168.
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Anaerobic digestion of industrial and domestic wastewaters is an effective way of alleviating pollution problems. The treatment of vinasse, a residue of ethanol fermentation, and brewery/soft drink wastewaters was investigated by IPT for several years. This paper presents data and discusses the technical and economical feasibility of treating these wastewaters using UASB reactors. With vinasse, it is possible to operate industrial plants with organic loading rates exceeding 15 kg COD m−3 day−l, removing 95% of the initial BOD. The produced gas can be used as a substitute for diesel oil in vehicles and also to produce steam, replacing bagasse. The pay-back period of the capital investment is estimated at around 4 to 5 years. For brewery/soft drink wastewaters, it is possible to operate UASB reactors with a HRT of 6 hours, removing more than 90% of the initial BOD. The reactor showed a good capacity to handle temperature shocks. Capital investments for both cases are presented in terms of total investment per kg of COD and m3 of reactor installed.
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Kvashnin, Y. "Prospects for russian investments in ukraine." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-6-141-149.
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The current half-year old systemic crisis in Ukraine has had a deep negative effect on almost all aspects of Russian-Ukrainian relations. Investment ties, which developed greatly during the previous decade, were no exception. In this article we try to assess the scale and identify the key trends of corporate integration between the two states before the crisis, find out the impact of the crisis on FDI dynamics, estimate the probability of nationalization of enterprises with Russian capital, and consider possible strategies of Russian companies, taking into account existing and hypothetical economic and political risks in Ukraine.
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Potapov, M., and N. Kotlyarov. "China in Global Capital Markets." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 8 (2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-8-81-89.
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The article is analyzing the positions of China in global capital markets, and the factors that determine them. It shows the trends and features of attracting foreign direct investment in China, exporting Chinese capital abroad, attracting portfolio investments to China. The investment aspects of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and the role of Hong Kong as an international financial center are also considered. The evolution of the currency market regulation in China and the dynamics of the Yuan exchange rate, as well as the internationalizing of the Chinese currency and its use in cross-border operations are also discussed. The authors believe that the prospects for strengthening China’s position in the global capital markets will be determined by a number of circumstances, including the dynamics of the world economy, the growth rate of the Chinese economy, and the consistent liberalization of conditions for cross-border capital movement in China. The maintaining of higher growth rates of the Chinese economy in the context of the global recession and the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the ongoing liberalization of the domestic capital markets, suggest that the Chinese economy will remain attractive for foreign investors. The export of Chinese direct investment abroad will be largely determined by the dynamics of the country’s foreign trade, national restrictions on the export of capital, the implementing the Belt and Road Initiative and the position of China’s leading economic partners, primarily the United States, towards Chinese investment. At the same time, increased geopolitical and country risks will affect the geographical structure of China’s investment abroad in the direction of enhancing cooperation with Asian countries and participants of the Belt and Road Project. In the context of aggravated relations with the United States, China will make efforts to reduce dependence on the US dollar in settlements. Further steps will also be taken to internationalize the Chinese national currency and to achieve an increase in the use of RMB in payments. The lifting of restrictions on cross-border portfolio investments in the PRC is predetermined by ensuring the domestic macroeconomic stability, strengthening the financial system, low inflation, affordable credit, a stable balance of payments, and sufficient foreign exchange reserves. China’s real entry into the world’s leaders, both in the global commodity and capital markets, requires the creation of its own technological base, the transition to a new energy-saving, environmental-friendly national economic structure based on knowledge and new technologies, balancing the development levels of the country’s regions, and increasing the average per capita income of people.
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Coronado, Francisco. "The concentration of people and investments in the capital of a country of Latin America." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-08-2018-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the population growth, migration, poverty, economic, political, environmental aspects and the management of the budget at national and municipal levels, including information of other cities in Peru, to define the effect on the quality of life of the population and formulate a management recommendation to help improve the quality of life in Lima and on intermediate cities. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of the study consisted on collect, review and select important factors that influence the quality of life in a big city, in this case in Lima, the concentration of people of Peru in Lima, migration and poverty, the coverage and quality of services, the concentration of the economy, public and private investments and services in Lima, some political aspects and a view of the available budget and the needed investment. Findings The deficiencies in the habitability conditions of the residents of Lima were verified considering the limited infrastructure and public services, the low level of investments and the limited effectiveness of the technical and administrative work of the municipal authorities and the central government. Although studies on other important cities in Peru are more limited, it could be said that similar limitations are being presented for example in transportation. Research limitations/implications The main obstacle to the study is the limited availability of information of such broad aspects that characterize a city that could not be covered in one paper. Practical implications The result of the study supports the need to implement appropriate management decisions about urban planning and investment policies for Metropolitan Lima, as well as to raise municipal and central government technical and legal conditions that are attractive for residents and investors for other cities in the country seeking their development, as well as to help counteract the concentration of people in Lima to control the demands of their habitability. Social implications The study could impact not only in the habitability conditions of about 10m inhabitants of Lima, but to all the 30m inhabitants of Perú. Originality/value Presents an unified vision of the social, economic and political deficiencies to the provision of services to a city concentrating the population of a country.
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STEPANENKO, Anatolii, and Alla OMELCHENKO. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.040.
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A definition of ecological modernization is given and analysis of its existing definitions is carried out. The tasks of ecological modernization, which envisage transformation of society, superindustrialization, reorientation of technologies for the restoration of ecological balance, restructuring of the economy and formation of a technological society, are outlined. The key elements of ecological modernization and its ecological imperatives are singled out. It is shown that mainly anthropocentric approaches and invariability of the priority of economic interests are traced in theoretical development of models of ecological modernization. It is highlighted that to prevent further degradation of ecosystems, a new ecocentric worldview and a high level of ecological consciousness are necessary. It is determined that the main forms of ecological modernization aimed at solving the environmental problems under conditions of limited and depleted natural resources are: environmentally directed development of industry; technological platforms of ecological development; ecologization of economic development; inplementation and development of clean production and environmental technologies. It is disclosed that in Ukraine over the past years the level of ecological modernization of the economy has increased, as evidenced by the share of capital investments in integrated technologies of the volume of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources and development of the production of innovative products, including new types of machines, equipment, devices, devices. The vast majority of the integrated technology activities are not in line with the V and VI waves of innovation, not mentioning the VII, which began in highly developed countries. It is substantiated that new model of modernization of social development should include not only the change and introduction of new technologies, but also deep institutional, social and cultural transformations. It is determined that in addition to three prospects for the development of ecological modernization – eco-saving business and consumption, effective protection of the natural environment, the ecologization of society – the fourth is also possible: emancipation of nature, that is, socialization and personalization of nature. The strategic directions of ecological modernization of socio-economic development of Ukraine are proposed and its key tasks regarding the formation of a modernizing type of ecologically oriented activity of society are determined.
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Jamontt, Marta Joanna, Karol Kociszewski, and Johannes Platje. "WROCŁAWSKI BUDŻET OBYWATELSKI JAKO NARZĘDZIE DO WZMACNIANIA KAPITAŁU NATURALNEGO I ODPORNOŚCI MIASTA NA ZMIANY KLIMATU W LATACH 2016-2018." Studia Miejskie 37 (February 24, 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.1523.
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Participatory budgets are a popular form of co-decision of residents about public space and quality of life in the city. Projects submitted to participatory budgets respond to needs such as recreation, health, communication and safety. This article evaluates the projects from 2016-2018 of the Wroclaw Participatory Budget in terms of aspects related to the wider issue of natural capital and climate change. The results obtained indicate that despite increasing financial outlays on projects that can contribute to strengthening environmental and climate aspects, the share of investments directly targeted at their implementation is relatively small. A total of 201 projects were analyzed, of which 12% directly and 18% indirectly referred to issues related to natural capital and/or climate change.
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Gazman, V. "The Impact of Alternative Models of Leasing on Financing Investments." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2013): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-7-82-97.
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For the modernization of the economy some specific financial technologies can be useful. They have hardly been used in Russia, but can greatly increase the share of leasing in investment and attract domestic and foreign capital in new projects, including infrastructure, extend financial leverage of loans. This article explores the benefits of innovative models of leasing, theoretical and methodological aspects of their formation, identifies the criteria for using the proposed models, and conducts regression analysis of factors that influence the pricing of large-scale leasing projects. These models expand the line of investment products, promote competition between sources of funding of leasing.
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Chopra, Tripti, and Punit Kakrecha. "GREEN FINANCE: THE PRACTICES OF BANKS AND PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMERS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i5.2015.3011.
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Green financing is a term which is trending these days. Significant evidence was traced in 2007 when business week reportedly said that a fifteen-fold rise was there in sustainable mutual fund investment. There is a shift from capital formation to energy efficiency in investments. In 1980s and 1990s the focus of investments was mostly on economically viable projects. But this is the era when the focus has been shifted to environmentally viable projects. There are many companies which are following green finance concept so as to sustain in long run. A report on “Measures for ensuring sustained growth of Indian manufacturing sector” or Prime Minister’s group headed by V Krishnamurthy recommended for promotion of clean technologies to achieve the aim of sustainable growth. The major objective of this paper is to study several aspects of green financing with respect to Indian scenario and it would also verify the practicability of green financing in Indian Banking sector. Green financing is now becoming a trending concept in the industry. Besides all the facts, the public is also demanding a company to be environmentally sensitive. Due to this reason many business houses have already started green financing. But this is indeed a crucial time for the companies to cope up with standards and norms of Green financing. Environmental improvements and economic growth should go hand in hand specially in countries like India so as to sustain and develop in long run.
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Graboviy, Petr. "Environmental aspects of substantiation of the production decision efficiency." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305017.
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The current scale of industrial production is characterized by the intensive use of natural resources and the growth of waste pollution of the environment. A long-term program is needed to implement targeted measures to coordinate the prospects for the development of national economy and nature protection. Its implementation requires significant capital investment. To increase the efficiency of their use, a scientifically sound methodology for the economic evaluation of the most important types of natural resources and measures to protect the environment is necessary. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of such a methodology. Its most important task is to articulate and agree on a single theoretical basis the calculations of the economic efficiency of production decisions with the requirements for the protection of the natural environment. This chapter is devoted to the coverage of these issues.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Rathnam, Sharad. "Designing an environmentally conscious decision support tool for capital investments in small and medium enterprises." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18922.
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Wood, Dorothy, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Accounting. "The influence of environmental social controls on the capital investment decision-making of the firm : Australian evidence." THESIS_CLAB_ACC_Wood_D.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/228.
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Social controls influence the environmental performance of firms and require them to be more accountable for their environmental impacts. These controls include governmental interventions such as mandatory disclosure requirements, regulation and subsidisation, as well as less formal controls such as stakeholder opinion. This thesis examines the relative influence of environmental social controls on the acceptability of capital investment and provides insight into the perceptions of Australian managers concerning capital investment decision-making. An experiment is used to measure the relative influence of the four social control measures. This is supported by a survey to gauge firm size and industry influences and also a range of attributes of the controls on the capital investment decision. Experiment results suggest that the influence of stakeholder opinion on capital investment is very high and mandatory disclosure very low. The survey measured the influence of a range of indicators of each control and also firm size and industry effects. Firm size effects were weak while industry effects were much clearer and more consistent. A comparison of the influence of social control indicators and a range of financial and strategic indicators on the capital investment decision showed that the mainstream indicators had more influence.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Dzenga, Bruce. "Public policy and clean energy venture capital private equity investments in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97395.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2007, Bürer and Wüstenhagen (2009) conducted a survey amongst European and United States venture capital and private equity investors (VC/PE) to ascertain their public clean energy policy preference and concluded that VC/PE investors view the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme to be the most preferred policy option. In this research study, the author re-conducted part of the Bürer and Wüstenhagen (2009) survey with thirty South African VC/PE investors to determine their perceptions on clean energy public policy preference. It is evident from the survey, that opinions are varied and at times even contradictory. This in itself demonstrates an important feature of the South African VC/PE and clean energy industry: it is young, dynamic, changing rapidly and can look very different, depending on the vantage point. The investors surveyed were mainly optimistic about the long-term development of the South African renewable energy industry led by private investors. VC/PE investors in South Africa have mixed views on various investment options, and are concerned about both the regulatory and macro-economic trends. The interviews and survey results show a number of recurring issues. Altogether, the survey results indicate that VC/PE investors consider FITs to be the best public clean energy policy instrument in leveraging private investment and finance for renewable energy in South Africa. This study serves to illustrate and confirm, in line with empirical studies, that VC/PE investors in South Africa believe that clean energy market-pull policies provide an impetus and indeed spur private investor participation in clean energy in developing countries. While it is true that most VC/PE investors would prefer the price certainty associated with a FIT regime, this is almost an irrelevant question in South Africa since constitutionally the state is bound to procure through competitive tendering. This study also serves to highlight the need for more active research and attention in this field.
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Jacobs, Phillip A. H. "The identification and evaluation of key sustainable development indicators and the development of a conceptual decision-making model for capital investment within Gold Fields Limited (GFL)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008304.
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The current trends in sustainable development (SO) were examined in this study, which brought about the realisation that SO has become a business imperative. Mining, which is a highly impacting industry, is faced with the dilemma of implementing the principles of SO despite the realisation that its activities are severely limited by· the finite nature of the resource it is capitalising on. This reality, however, does not detract from the non-negotiable requirement for the industry to meet the increasing pressures to act responsibly towards the environment and the community in which it operates. Gold Fields has stepped up to the plate and has already taken several steps to achieve this end. These include the adoption of SO in its Vision, Values and strategies and the development and implementation of a SO framework to ensure the integration of the principles of SO into the business. Furthermore, Gold Fields has also entered into voluntary activities that further cement the commitment the company has towards so. These other initiatives include, inter alia, its International Council on Mining and Metals membership, UN Global Compact participation, becoming a signatory to the cyanide code, IS014001, and so on. This study focussed on several indicator categories and the identification of a set of supporting sustainable development indicators (SOls) for each, which included environmental, social, economic, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance (not in order of priority). These indicators were assessed by a carefully selected group of respondents whose collective wisdom and expertise were used to identify and weight supporting SOls for each of the indicator categories. These supporting SOls were in turn used to develop a model that is able to assist in the business's decision making processes when capital investment is being considered . A water treatment project that is currently being considered by Gold Fields was utilised to demonstrate how the decision making model can be applied to two different scenarios. The result clearly and successfully demonstrated that by proactively taking environmental, economic, social, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance considerations into account, a gold mining company is able to increase the level of SO of a capital investment project.
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Al, Wahaibi Mahmood Ali Khalfan. "Investigating three aspects of corporate finance within the context of GCC markets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14479.
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This thesis investigates three aspects of corporate finance, namely the determinants of firm’s long term investment represented by the net capital expenditures, the determinants of firm’s short term investment represented by working capital requirements and the capital budgeting practices - all within the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) markets. Despite the importance of these interrelated topics to decision makers and despite the great emphasis given to teach them in universities, few researchers investigated the determinants of both long and short term investments and out of those, most focused on developed markets. Moreover, almost all the existing studies investigated these determinants at the firm level with little evidence about macroeconomic factors. Besides, none have provided a comprehensive investigation of capital budgeting practices from a single market whether developed or emerging. Hence, this thesis completed three independent investigations. The first and second investigation presented in chapters three and four respectively, explores three categories of factors that are found in the existing literature, or predicted by this thesis to be associated with firm’s long and short term investments. These first two investigations utilize a pooled OLS regression for a panel data set covering the period from 2000 to 2014. Furthermore, the third investigation presented in chapter five explores a wide set of capital budgeting practices from a single frontier market within the GCC. Precisely, the investigation covers the development, the selection and the post completion stage of capital budgeting. It also, explores factors that are found in the existing literature or predicted by this thesis to influence the use of such practices. This investigation utilizes a survey questionnaire containing 23 questions to gather the required data. Finally, this thesis makes various contributions to the corporate finance literature. Specifically, chapter three and four extend the existing literature on the determinants of firm’s long and short term investments by examining it in the context of new emerging markets namely the GCC markets. Beside, revealing the positive effect of macroeconomic factors on firm’s investments. Chapter five extends the existing literature on capital budgeting practices by investigating three stages of these practices from the Omani market. Additionally, it provides new evidence related to the significant relation between capital budgeting practices and new firms characteristics.
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Rapera, Corazon L. "Potential impacts of various capital gains tax structures on forest investments." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135205/.
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Boccia, Alfred M. "An empirical analysis of environmental uncertainty, real options decision patterns and firm performance." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/93/.
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Srivastava, Rohini. "Integrating Financial, Environmental and Human Capital -the Triple Bottom Line- For High Performance Investments in the Build Environment." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1157.
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Residential and commercial buildings account for almost 40 % of total U.S. energy consumption and U.S. carbon dioxide emissions (Pew Center, 2009). Nearly all of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the residential and commercial sectors can be attributed to energy use in buildings, making high performance energy efficient buildings central to addressing diminishing resources and transitioning to a green economy. However, energy efficiency in buildings receives inadequate attention because first least cost decision-making as opposed to life cycle cost analysis (Romm, 1999). When life cycle analysis is used, it typically captures only the ‘hard’ financial cost benefits of operational energy and maintenance savings, but rarely includes environmental capital or human capital savings. This thesis proposes an empirical approach to triple bottom line calculations that integrates the economic, environmental and human cost benefits to accelerate investments in high performance building technologies. The development of a new methodology for capital expenditures in investments in the built environment can provide compelling arguments for decision makers and encourage the widespread adoption of high performance building technologies. In the first bottom line, this research quantifies the ‘financial’ or capital costs and benefits of high performance building investments, by broadening the category of associated benefits beyond energy savings from an investment (Birkenfeld et al., 2011). Traditionally, building investment decisions are made using a value engineering approach, which is driven by the agenda of cost reduction rather than valuing the benefit of different alternatives. Using net present value (NPV) and return on investment (ROI) indices, well-known in financial practices, the first bottom line calculation in this thesis moves away from a ‘first least cost’ to a life cycle approach to account for multiple non-energy financial benefits that can directly be quantified for the building decision maker. To advance a second bottom line that can be translated into Corporate Sustainability Reporting, the thesis provides a methodology for capturing the environmental benefits of reducing electricity demand related to carbon, air quality and water resources. These calculations are based on three levels of information - electricity fuel sources and power plant quality, the respective air pollution and water consumption consequences, and emerging valuation incentives for pollution reduction. The methodology focuses on critical greenhouse gases CO2, CH4; SOx, NOx, as well as particulates and water use, for three global scenarios – an emerging economy such as India, a country with mid-level sustainability goals such as the US, and a leading economy with low carbon growth goals such as the EU - in order to represent the range of environmental impacts of electric energy use. The capital saved by avoiding the environmental impacts of electricity use based on fuel source and mix can thus be added to each kilowatt-hour of electricity saved in a second bottom line calculation. To advance the third bottom line, this thesis engages a methodology for measuring and quantifying human benefits from building investments based on ongoing development of CMU CBPD's BIDS toolkit. The methodology is built on the field and laboratory research findings that link high performance building design decisions to human health and individual and organizational productivity. This thesis advances an approach to handling the third bottom line calculations, including an approach to establishing baselines, applying a broad base of laboratory and field findings. Given first cost data from vendors, first bottom line simple paybacks for 12 energy retrofit measures ranges from 2-20 years - with energy and facility management savings. When the environmental benefits are included, simple paybacks were accelerated to 1.5-18 years. Most strikingly, when human benefits are included - from reduced headaches and absenteeism to improved task performance or productivity - paybacks for investments in energy efficiency in US offices are often less than 1 year. To support the validity and reliability of results, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to validate how Triple Bottom Line (TBL) cost benefits might impact and shift decision-making patterns from a least-first-cost approach to an approach that includes TBL information. Field testing of the potential influence on decision makers to move beyond first-cost decision-making to support investments in high performance, energy efficient technologies revealed the positive impact of Triple Bottom Line accounting for decision makers (p<0.05). The introduction of triple bottom line accounting for decision-makers in the built environment may be the most critical catalyst for investments in building energy improvements.
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Kent, Avidan. "International trade, investment, and climate change : a tale of legal and institutional fragmentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648583.
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Regnier, Eva Dorothy. "Discounted cash flow methods and environmental decisions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24544.
Full textBooks on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Moilanen, Tuula. Financial evaluation of environmental investments. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1996.
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Gill, Michael. Environmental tracking: Can investment revolution prevent ecological catastrophe. London: Pen Press, 1997.
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Vittek, Gérard. Les investissements antipollution en 1994. 9th ed. Paris: Service des statistiques industrielles, 1996.
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Nestler, Thomas. Umweltschutzinvestitionen im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 1997.
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Harder, Elisabeth. Das immissionsrechtliche Genehmigungsverfahren: Ein bürokratisches Investitionshemmnis. Melle: E. Knoth, 1987.
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Triolo, Paola. A capital solution: Faith, finance and concern for a living planet. Northhamptonshire: Pilkington Press, 2000.
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Integration, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Working Party on Economic and Environmental Policy. The environmental effects of international portfolio flows. Paris, France: OECD, 1999.
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The socially responsible guide to smart investing: Samuel Case. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Pub., 1996.
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Karmokolias, Yannis. Cost benefit analysis of private sector environmental investments: A case study of the Kunda Cement Factory. Washington D.C: World Bank, 1996.
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Karmokolias, Yannis. Cost benefit analysis of private sector environmental investments: A case study of the Kunda Cement Factory. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Flaga-Gieruszyńska, Kinga. "The Role of a Court Expert in Determining the Sale Price of an Enterprise or Individual Assets in the Polish Bankruptcy Law—Selected Legal Aspects." In Effective Investments on Capital Markets, 79–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21274-2_6.
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Buevich, Angelika P., Svetlana A. Varvus, and Galina A. Terskaya. "Investments in Human Capital as a Key Factor of Sustainable Economic Development." In The 21st Century from the Positions of Modern Science: Intellectual, Digital and Innovative Aspects, 397–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32015-7_44.
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Lefley, Frank, and Joseph Sarkis. "The Evaluation of Environmental Capital Projects." In Contemporary Approaches and Strategies for Applied Logistics, 37–57. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5273-4.ch002.
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Traditional capital investment appraisal models are, in many cases, biased against environmental projects. What is required is a multi-attribute approach that includes an assessment of the environmental benefits. The financial appraisal profile (FAP) model seeks to address this issue. By making the correct investment decision in the first place and by involving senior managers in the appraisal process, the organization is better placed to achieve project success. Adopting the FAP model with the inclusion of an environmental assessment in the form the “environmental score index” will help focus top management on an increasingly important corporate strategy issue. An illustrative case study is used to outline the important aspects of this new approach. The FAP approach, which is presented in this chapter, will help to fill a gap in the environmental investment literature, where there is a paucity of comprehensive, structured, and transparent methodologies that can prove acceptable to management decision makers from a variety of functions and viewpoints.
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Ayandibu, Ayansola Olatunji, and Lawrence Abiwu. "Current Trends in Human Capital Formation." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 73–99. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9810-7.ch004.
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This chapter explores the trends in human capital formation towards building sustainable organisations. A literature review approach was adopted to investigate HR practices which contribute to human capital formation, the contribution of human capital, as well as the barriers to human capital formation and theories of human capital formation. Human capital has been conceptualized as the collective knowledge that is embedded in the personnel, organisational routines, and network relationships of an organisation. It was found that many countries such as China, Russia, India, and Brazil are experiencing economic growth because of the investment in their human capital formation. The review of empirical studies showed that human capital has been considered as a firm's strategic resource for sustainable competitive advantage. This chapter submits that to prevent loss of human capital, it is important for organisations to create an environment and culture that will foster or encourage individual and organisational learning.
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Kalitanyi, Vivence, and Geoff A. Goldman. "Human Capital Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 100–126. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9810-7.ch005.
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This chapter identifies the drivers and challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. The fourth industrial revolution consists of artificial intelligence, big data, robotics, and many others technological innovations. The recent transformation in the global environment is affecting the way businesses are conducted, managed, and the way governments and societies are run. Today, business analysts are faced with the challenge of managing both human and digital workforce effectively without making any stakeholder in the business environment worse off. Hence, human capital management in the fourth industrial revolution involves effective development and deployment of human resources, artificial intelligence, and robotics to achieve organisational goals and objectives. It is expected that the principles underlying human capital management—planning, staffing, development, compensation, and investment in digital workforce—will become more intense and complex.
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Gök, Adem. "The Role of Governance on Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Market Economies." In Foreign Direct Investments, 76–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch004.
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Emerging market economies have clear deficit in governance infrastructure and also have an increasing trend in the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows compared with advanced countries. Hence the main issue of the study is to identify the determinants leading to the increase in FDI outflows with special emphasize given to the role of governance infrastructure. Thus, the aim of the study is to analyze the effect of governance infrastructure together with other control variables on FDI outflows in emerging market economies. It is found that improvement in all measured aspects of governance infrastructure leads to increase in FDI outflows from emerging market economies and governance infrastructure, human capital and physical infrastructure are base factors for MNCs taking outward FDI decision from emerging market economies. It is also found that FDI outflows from emerging market economies are not market or efficiency seeking; instead they are resource, labor or finance seeking.
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Alkebsee, Radwan, Gaoliang Tian, Konstantinos G. Spinthiropoulos, Eirini Stavropoulou, and Anastasios Konstantinidis. "Impact of Corporate Fraud on Foreign Direct Investment?" In Machine Learning Applications for Accounting Disclosure and Fraud Detection, 148–65. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4805-9.ch011.
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The capital market reputation attracts foreign investment. Corporate fraud phenomenon is one of the most crucial aspects that threaten foreign investors. This study investigates the impact of corporate fraud on foreign direct investment FDI. Using data of Chinese listed firms, over the period 2009 to 2017, the results show that corporate fraud is negatively associated with foreign direct investment. This suggests that corporate fraud declines foreign shareholders ratio, and foreign investors avoid investing in a risky environment where their wealth may be expropriated. Further, we explore the impact of having foreign shareholders on corporate fraud. We find that increasing foreign shareholders may help in curbing corporate fraud due to diversified corporate experience and risk-taking behavior. However, the findings remain robust after controlling for the potential endogeneity problem. Our findings have important implications for policymakers and governments as it shows that corporate fraud is a crucial determinant to the cause of foreign direct investment.
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Fapohunda, Tinuke. "Closing the Gender Gap in Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 177–204. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9810-7.ch008.
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Disparities in gender calculations in several nations have originated turbulence in multinational platforms in the recent past. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals list gender equality and women empowerment as the fifth of the eight goals. This study scrutinizes the gender gaps in human capital formation. It demonstrated the economic cost of gender inequality in human capital formation (losses in human capital attributable to gender inequality are estimated at $160.2 trillion) and considered some clear-cut involvements that can ease the realization of greater equality. To boost women's human capital formation, investments throughout the life cycle are obligatory. Successful involvements can be affected to tackle time use restrictions, support access to productive assets, and resolve market and institutional disappointments that reprimand women. Spending on girls and women is indispensable not only to boosting gender equality and the changing wealth of nations but also allowing nations to grow in maintainable manners.
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Nordby, Randolph D. "Other Risks Associated with Debt Securities." In Debt Markets and Investments, 63–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877439.003.0004.
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This chapter covers the additional risks in investing in debt securities that are not considered under interest rate risk. It emphasizes credit risk and provides a primer on understanding the S&P credit rating naming conventions. Investors are warned not to rely solely on credit rating agencies to conduct the required due diligence necessary to understand the credit risks associated with an individual security. Next, the chapter presents a method to supplement credit reporting agency reviews. This supplemental analysis involves applying the Cs of credit analysis and determining where the security resides in the overall corporate capital structure. The chapter also addresses inflation risk, liquidity risk, reinvestment risk, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk. These additional risks provide a more comprehensive view of the risks facing fixed income investors.
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Bento, João, Miguel Torres, and Paolo Maranzano. "Outward US Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Degradation." In Handbook of Research on Corporate Restructuring and Globalization, 252–68. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8906-8.ch012.
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This chapter analyzes whether US outward foreign direct investment contributes to mitigating environmental degradation in host countries or not. This relationship is investigated within the environmental Kuznets curve framework, using dynamic panel data models which include trade openness and environmental regulation as controlling variables. The results lend support to the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Moreover, the results indicate that capital expenditures from majority-owned foreign affiliates of US multinationals decrease carbon dioxide emissions per capita and provide support for the pollution halo hypothesis. The findings suggest that foreign direct investments carried out by firms with their headquarters based in the United States of America enhance the natural environment. These findings offer some support for host government policies offering generous financial incentives to attract environmentally friendly investments to improve environmental sustainability.
Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Stasis, R. Peter, Robert E. Henson, and Ronald D. Larson. "Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility Capital Replacement Project: “Securing a Retrofit Investment — A Capital Replacement Initiative”." In 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-116.
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Abstract The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990 set new emission standards for Waste-To-Energy (WTE) plants throughout the United States. Pinellas County, Florida, has achieved compliance with the new emission guidelines by completing an Air Pollution Control Retrofit to their Resource Recovery Facility (PCRRF) in 2000. Pinellas County, the owner of the PCRRF, now faces the challenge of preserving this investment for the years to come. This paper describes the additional investments being made by Pinellas County as part of the Capital Replacement Project (CRP) to extend the operating life of PCRRF.
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Galetin, Milena, and Viktória Csizmadiáné Czuppon. "IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN VESZPRÉM COUNTY AND THE BALATON REGION: A DIFFERENT APPROACH." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.171g.
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The importance of foreign investment for both foreign investors and host states (i.e. the economic development of the country receiving capital) is without question. Among the motives for cross-border movement of capital are profit making, entering new markets and cheaper production1. In that sense foreign investments are suitable tools which allow companies to expand their cross-border operations and possibility to become key economic players, locally and globally. The authors deal with the impact of foreign investment on local companies/local producers in Veszprém County and the Balaton Region. The research aims to explore their attitude - advantages and obstacles they encounter due to the existence of foreign companies. There was a requirement to analyze investment disputes in which Hungary is a party, scrutinizing socio-legal aspects of foreign investment. This research consists of four parts. After the introduction, the results of the survey are shown in the second part and investment disputes in the third part. Although the survey was done just before the COVID 19 outbreak, in some parts of the paper it was necessary to address certain issues in this context. The combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research that is characteristic of social sciences is used. Finally, in the last part, concluding remarks along with recommendations are presented.
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Chairi, Zulfi. "Legal Aspects of Venture Capital Financing and Its Relation to the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia." In International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010081714441449.
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Brown, Steven H. "Radiological Aspects of In Situ Uranium Recovery." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7379.
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In the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for Uranium as historical inventories have been consumed and new reactor orders are being placed. Numerous mineralized properties around the world are being evaluated for Uranium recovery and new mining / milling projects are being evaluated and developed. Ore bodies which are considered uneconomical to mine by conventional methods such as tunneling or open pits, can be candidates for non-conventional recovery techniques, involving considerably less capital expenditure. Technologies such as Uranium in situ leaching in situ recovery (ISL / ISR), have enabled commercial scale mining and milling of relatively small ore pockets of lower grade, and may make a significant contribution to overall world wide uranium supplies over the next ten years. Commercial size solution mining production facilities have operated in the US since 1975. Solution mining involves the pumping of groundwater, fortified with oxidizing and complexing agents into an ore body, solubilizing the uranium in situ, and then pumping the solutions to the surface where they are fed to a processing plant. Processing involves ion exchange and may also include precipitation, drying or calcining and packaging operations depending on facility specifics. This paper presents an overview of the ISR process and the health physics monitoring programs developed at a number of commercial scale ISL / ISR Uranium recovery and production facillities as a result of the radiological character of these processes. Although many radiological aspects of the process are similar to that of conventional mills, conventional-type tailings as such are not generated. However, liquid and solid by product materials may be generated and impounded. The quantity and radiological character of these by products are related to facility specifics. Some special monitoring considerations are presented which are required due to the manner in which Radon gas is evolved in the process and the unique aspects of controlling solution flow patterns underground. An overview of the major aspects of the health physics and radiation protection programs that were developed at these facilities are discussed and contrasted to circumstances of the current generation and state of the art of Uranium ISR technologies and facilities.
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Al-Safran, Eissa. "Simulation of Subsea and Platform Production Schemes to Quantify Flow Assurance Risks under Transient and Steady State Conditions in Offshore Kuwait." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206275-ms.
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Abstract In offshore production, the type of field development scheme is crucial aspect due to its associated flow assurance risks, which affect project economic, safety, and sustainability. The objective of this study is to simulate and evaluate two offshore field development schemes, namely subsea and platform in offshore Kuwait. Further objective is to carry out detailed transient simulation study on the subsea scheme to investigate flow assurance risks related to terrain slugging, and hydrates formation during shut-in and re-start transient events. The evaluation of the two schemes is based on the associated flow assurance risks, and project economics. Steady state simulations are used to identify the feasible production scheme, which is further simulated under transient shut-in/restart events to investigate flow assurance risks related to terrain slugging and hydrates formation. The steady state simulation results of this study showed that flow assurance risks such as hydrates and pipeline corrosion are significant in both production schemes. To mitigate these risks, sixteen different field development designs of both production schemes were simulated and economically evaluated. Results revealed that the subsea multiphase development scheme with 10-in. ID carbon steel multiphase flowline and 0.3-in. thick polypropylene thermal insulation is the optimum design. Consequently, the optimum design is further analyzed under transient conditions, resulting in appreciable risk of terrain slugging due to hilly-terrain pipeline configuration, especially for the low production rate cases. The transient shut-in/restart simulation results revealed a risk of hydrates formation due to cooling effect during shut-in, which is mitigated by MEG injection. In conclusion, the subsea multiphase flow scheme is selected over platform scheme due to manageable flow assurance risks, low capital investment cost, and minimum environmental impact. This study would enable Kuwait Oil Company to evaluate different offshore development schemes to ensure sustainable production with safe operation and protected environment.
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Jagger, Doug, and Dave Korpach. "Identifying and Accounting for Environmental Costs." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2115.
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Protection of the environment has been and will continue to be a major issue facing the pipeline business around the world. Many of the decisions companies make relating to future investments and ongoing operations have environmental implications. These decisions can have significant cost implications that impact the bottom line of oil and gas transportation companies. Most companies do not track their environmental costs rigorously and thus, do not have a good understanding of the magnitude of these costs. Recently, we have undertaken studies to define and identify the major environmental cost drivers in the industry. As part of these studies, we identified some potential measures of environmental performance and actually measured certain aspects of environmental performance in pipeline companies. This paper will provide insights into the major environmental cost drivers in the industry and will define these cost drivers. It will provide some ideas on “what to measure” relating to environmental costs. Implementing an environmental cost management system is not a trivial task. It is difficult to assess how much of the cost associated with a certain investment is related to the environment. This can only be determined on a project by project basis and will also be unique from company to company. Although there is no “cookbook” approach to implementing this system, this paper will provide some guidance for implementing such a system.
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Korobitsyn, Boris. "CORRECTED GDP TO ASSESS SUSTAINABILITY OF RUSSIA FOR THE 2006-2013 PERIOD AFTER TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND HUMAN CAPITAL ASPECTS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b53/s21.021.
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Azgün, Sabri, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Mine Gerni, and Selahattin Sarı. "Determination of the Level of Intra Industry Trade and Sectoral Competition Power between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01521.
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In terms of Intra-industry trade, international investments, technology transfer and capital movements, has increased the interdependence of countries and increasingly have similar economic structures of countries. Intra-industry trade, is of goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. Intra-industry trade, is extremely important in terms of the determination of competitive aspects and of foreign exchange earnings of the country and industry. The aim of this study is to determine the level of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries and productive product and sectors to be advantageous in Turkey's intra-industry trade. In this study, Using The Balassa and Grubel-Lloyd index of Intra-ındustry trade measurement methods will be analyzed the development of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries for the period 1995-2013 and highly competitive industry and products will be determined on the basis of foreign trade data in STIC 9 digit.
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Pilko, Robert M., Nicole Rita Hart-Wagoner, Andrew J. Van Horn, and Joseph A. Scherer. "Repurposing Oil & Gas Wells and Drilling Operations for Geothermal Energy Production." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31090-ms.
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Abstract This paper explores a market solution for Operators’ companies to compound their investments in wells, fields, and infrastructure in a low carbon world by applying improved well design, drilling and completion technologies that are adapted to a new generation of geothermal energy production systems. The paper frames challenges posed to the upstream industry by the movement to a low carbon economy, including the climate transition risks related to societal, regulatory, and capital allocation trends. It then examines the technical challenges and solutions related to repurposing oil and gas fields and wells for geothermal energy production and makes high-level recommendations for Operators interested in accessing this new market for geothermal energy - as well as satisfying Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) investors.
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SHOAIB, Muhammad, Roman ZÁMEČNÍK, Zuhair ABBAS, Mohsin JAVED, and Asad Ur REHMAN. "GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND GREEN HUMAN CAPITAL: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.649.
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Purpose – green human resource management (GHRM) and green human capital (GHC) are relatively over- looked aspects in the existing literature of human resource management. Keeping in view, this systematic literature review attempts to highlight and explore its related avenues in the fresh domains of GHRM-GHC and provide a future research agenda for the development of knowledge. Research methodology – this study employs a systematic literature review methodology. The review analyses 25 studies especially focused on secondary data of peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2008 to 2020. Findings – this study demonstrated that green HRM is imperative for the implementation of environmental sustain- ability. More importantly, green human capital is considered an important strategic tool for HR managers and policy makers for devising human resource policies. Research limitations – this study only focus on articles reported in high-quality research journals. However, other scholarly materials, such as books and conference articles have not been included in the review analyses. Practical implications – this study provides guidelines to policymakers and managers to pay attention towards environ- mental sustainability and future research agenda to carry out analytical and empirical research. Originality/Value – this study enhances the body of knowledge on GHRM field. This study provides a pathway for scholars to explore the emerging areas of human resource management such as green intellectual capital and green human capital to achieve sustainable development and competitive advantage.
Reports on the topic "Environmental aspects of Capital investments"
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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.
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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.