Journal articles: 'Environmental aspects of Civil engineering'

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Katsumi, Takeshi. "Soil excavation and reclamation in civil engineering: Environmental aspects." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61, sup1 (March 19, 2015): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2015.1020506.

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Diamantidis, Dimitris, Milan Holický, and Miroslav Sýkora. "Reliability and Risk Acceptance Criteria for Civil Engineering Structures." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2016-0008.

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Abstract The specification of risk and reliability acceptance criteria is a key issue of reliability verifications of new and existing structures. Current target reliability levels in standards appear to have considerable scatter. Critical review of risk acceptance approaches to societal, economic and environmental risk indicates that an optimal design strategy is mostly dominated by economic aspects while human safety aspects need to be verified only in special cases. It is recommended to specify the target levels considering economic optimisation and the marginal life-saving costs principle, as both these approaches take into account the failure consequences and costs of safety measures.

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CASTLE, P., A. PEIRSON HILLS, and A. P. HILLS. "THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 109, no. 2 (June 1995): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1995.27649.

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Jahan, K., J. W. Everett, R. P. Hesketh, P. M. Jansson, and K. Hollar. "Environmental education for all engineers." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0478.

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Environmental engineering education at universities is a rapidly changing field globally. Traditionally it has resided in the civil engineering program addressing water and wastewater quality, treatment, design and regulatory issues. In recent years environmental engineering has become a much broader field encompassing water, wastewater, soil pollution, air pollution, risk assessment, ecosystems, human health, toxicology, sustainable development, regulatory aspects and much more. The need to introduce environmental engineering/green engineering/pollution prevention/design for the environment concepts to undergraduate engineering students has become recognized to be increasingly important. This need is being driven in part through the US Engineering Accreditation Commission Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology criteria 2000. Thus there has been a major shift in environmental engineering education and it no longer resides only within the civil engineering discipline. This paper focuses on the development of innovative curricula for a brand new engineering program at Rowan University that integrates environmental education for all engineers. A common course known as "engineering clinic" was developed for all engineering students throughout their eight semesters of engineering education. One of the clinic goals is to integrate engineering design and the environment. The program, in its seventh year, indicates successful implementation of environmental education in all four engineering disciplines in their course work and clinics.

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Fettig, J., M. Miethe, and K. Rathke. "Four-year undergraduate course in environmental engineering in Germany." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0043.

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For ten years, the Division of Applied Science, University of Paderborn, has gained experience with a four-year undergraduate environmental engineering programme. Up to now, more than 400 graduates have successfully entered a professional career, proving that the educational concept is accepted by the employment sector, e.g. consultants, industry and authorities. Important aspects of this concept are the combination of civil engineering - as a core engineering field - with natural environmental sciences in the basic studies, the coverage of all environmental compartments in the main studies before specialisation in one area, and a strong practical component of the curriculum both inside and outside the university.

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Malmqvist, Tove. "Environmental rating methods: selecting indoor environmental quality (IEQ) aspects and indicators." Building Research & Information 36, no. 5 (October 2008): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613210802075841.

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Vervoort, P. "Lakehead terminal elevators: aspects of their engineering history." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-044.

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Massive grain elevators have been a dominant feature of the waterfront at Thunder Bay since 1883 when the first terminal was under construction. The earliest terminal elevators built by the Canadian Pacific Railway were constructed in the wooden crib technique on a pile foundation. By the turn of the century, the inadequacies of the crib terminals forced engineers to experiment with new materials and new design concepts for terminal elevators. Steel, tile, and reinforced concrete all came into use for terminal elevator construction between 1898 and 1903. By 1910, the plan of the elevator had evolved from a single building into four separate structures. The appearance of the typical Lakehead terminal elevator today is the result of these engineering experiments which occurred at the end of the nineteenth century and in the early years of the twentieth. Key words: grain elevators, concrete construction, slip forms, formwork, bins, silos, timber construction, crib walls, cribs, steel construction.

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Barišić, Ivana, Berislav Marković, Mirjana Vukićević, Miloš Marjanović, and Tamara Brleković. "Special-Purpose River-Port Sediment Valorization as Road Construction Material Emphasising Environmental Aspects." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2020-0008.

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Abstract Special-purpose river port sediment was investigated for its potential use as a road construction material. Sediment samples were extracted from three locations in three small river ports, and detailed laboratory research was conducted to determine its basic mechanical properties and characteristics that can potentially have an adverse influence in a roadside environment. The results of the research conducted indicate that there is a need for systematic monitoring of the quality and quantity of sediment in special-purpose river ports of the Danube River Basin to maintain its mobility and prevent flooding. The basic engineering characteristics (Proctor elements, Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength) determined represent the good potential of the sediment samples tested herein for use in road construction. In addition, the chemical characteristics tested indicate the need for detailed analyses of the potential environmental risk before application in civil engineering structures

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Cowdell, S., and M. Isaacson. "Handbook of port and harbour engineering: geotechnical and structural aspects." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-065.

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Sarbu, Ioan, and Calin Sebarchievici. "Aspects of indoor environmental quality assessment in buildings." Energy and Buildings 60 (May 2013): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.02.005.

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Brakewood, Liv H., Adrienne T. Cooper, and Joseph R. V. Flora. "Why is Environmental Engineering an Important Aspect of Environmental Education?" Journal of Environmental Engineering 129, no. 4 (April 2003): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:4(281).

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Innes, J. D., and E. D. Pugh. "A model for the environmental screening of highway projects." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-056.

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Environmental impact assessment has become an important aspect of the highway planning process. Projects often require approval of both the federal and provincial governments. There is a case for developing a consistent approach to the screening of projects. Several methods of documenting and illustrating screening information have been developed but none define the information required to make a screening decision. This can result in a great deal of subjectivity within the process. In this paper, a standardized screening model for highway projects is developed to address these needs and shortcomings. The model can be used to evaluate the project from a variety of environmental aspects. The model assists the highway planner in defining the screening information requirements and determining whether a specific constraint is of concern, warrants further study, or is not applicable. The paper evaluates the potential utility of the model by applying it to three divergent environmental aspects of highway projects. Key words: highway, planning, environment, impacts, assessments, regulation, fur, archaeology, slates.

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Easa, Said M., and Wai Yeung Yan. "Performance-Based Analysis in Civil Engineering: Overview of Applications." Infrastructures 4, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4020028.

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Traditional design approaches in civil engineering mainly focus on codes/guidelines related to building an infrastructure, while performance-based analysis (PBA), an emerging new reality around the world, focuses on the performance of the end product. Professional organizations, academicians, and the industry have made significant contributions in formulating PBA in various civil engineering fields, where practical guidelines and principles have been adopted in infrastructure analysis. This paper presents a critical review of PBA applications in three civil engineering fields: transportation, environmental, and structural engineering. The applications are grouped into a wide array of civil engineering areas, including highway transportation, pavement design and management, air transportation, water-structures design and operation, landfill design, building architectural design for evacuation, urban energy design, building earthquake-based design, building wind-based design, and bridge design and management. A total of 187 publications on PBA were reviewed and details on 122 application papers (from 23 countries/regions) are presented. The review consists of vertical and horizontal scans of PBA applications. In the vertical scan, the applications in each civil engineering area are summarized in tabular format that shows the system element modeled, analysis objective, performance criteria, analytical tool, and specifications/codes. The horizontal scan (discussion and lessons learned) addresses the following aspects of PBA: (1) the wide array of analytical tools used, (2) the broad functional and process-related areas, (3) the advantages, challenges, and opportunities, and (4) potential future applications. It is hoped that the state-of-the-art review presented in this paper will help researchers/practitioners quickly find useful information about PBA and promote its development in their respective fields.

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Rainieri, Carlo, Giovanni Fabbrocino, and E. Cosenza. "Automated Operational Modal Analysis as Structural Health Monitoring Tool: Theoretical and Applicative Aspects." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.479.

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The aim of structural health monitoring for civil structures is not only detection of sudden or progressive damages but also monitoring their performance under operational conditions or under some particular environmental issues such as earthquakes. Seismic protection of buildings at risk can be reached increasing the knowledge of the structural behavior of existing constructions. This circumstance points out the opportunity of monitoring the performance of civil structures over their operational lives. The present paper deals with automated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies adopted for the School of Engineering Main Building at the University of Naples “Federico II”. In particular, the attention is focused on the development of an automated procedure based on the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) that must ensure the continuous monitoring and extraction of the modal parameters of the building. Some numerical examples are then discussed in order to point out effectiveness of the algorithm and relevant issues that need to be improved.

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Solouki, Abbas, Giovanni Viscomi, Riccardo Lamperti, and Piergiorgio Tataranni. "Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143146.

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Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Reena N. Hora, Isaac Ahenkorah, Simon Beecham, Md Rajibul Karim, and Asif Iqbal. "State-of-the-Art Review of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation and Its Sustainability in Engineering Applications." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 6281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156281.

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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a promising new technology in the area of Civil Engineering with potential to become a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable solution to many problems such as ground improvement, liquefaction remediation, enhancing properties of concrete and so forth. This paper reviews the research and developments over the past 25 years since the first reported application of MICP in 1995. Historical developments in the area, the biological processes involved, the behaviour of improved soils, developments in modelling the behaviour of treated soil and the challenges associated are discussed with a focus on the geotechnical aspects of the problem. The paper also presents an assessment of cost and environmental benefits tied with three application scenarios in pavement construction. It is understood for some applications that at this stage, MICP may not be a cost-effective or even environmentally friendly solution; however, following the latest developments, MICP has the potential to become one.

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Schmitt, T. G. "EEE in changing times: new B/M study programs, increasing specialization and interdisciplinarity for fewer students." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0504.

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Scope and organisational aspects of environmental engineering education in Germany as part of civil engineering are described. The structure of conventional diploma courses is compared with study programs structured in bachelor and master's courses. The current discussion and first steps of reorganisation in Germany are outlined. Intensifying interdisciplinarity and internationalisation, limited resources and increasing specialisation of research work together with a decreasing number of students are identified as future challenges to be met by innovative study programs. Cooperation in education between EE programs and networking of universities - together with enhanced student mobility - seem to be promising and necessary to achieve high quality and efficient EE education.

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NICOL, D., and T. TELFORD. "THE WITHA HILL BUILDING STONE QUARRIES AT LANGHOLM, SCOTTISH BORDERS - ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 133, no. 4 (December 1999): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1999.32387.

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Laiblová, Lenka, Tomáš Vlach, Michal Ženíšek, Anuj Kumar, and Petr Hájek. "Comparison of Different Types of Glass Reinforcement for HPC Facade Elements from Mechanical and Economical Aspects." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.286.

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Concrete as the one of the most used material in civil engineering has also a very high negative environmental impact. In recent years’ environmental parameters of all building materials become the most important aspect. Especially reduction of concrete is becoming a very hot topic around the word because it can lead to the reduction of environmental impacts especially the consumption of primary energy, primary non-renewable materials and CO2 production. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is one of the possibilities to reduce amount of concrete in the structures. It is possible to design very thin structures because of non-corrosive properties of textile reinforcement and thus distinctly reduce the thickness. Combination with high performance concrete (HPC) allows to creating construction with mechanical properties on a required high level. This paper presents mechanical and economical comparison of different types of AR-glass reinforcement for HPC facade elements with the same amount of concrete.

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Demeestere, K., J. Dewulf, C. Janssen, and H. Van Langenhove. "Environmental engineering education at Ghent University, Flanders (Belgium)." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0502.

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Since the 1980s, environmental engineering education has been a rapidly growing discipline in many universities. This paper discusses the history, the current status and the near future of environmental engineering education at Ghent University. This university, with about 50% of the Flemish university environmental engineering students, can be considered as representative for the situation in Flanders, Belgium. In contrast to many other universities, environmental engineering education at Ghent University does not have its historical roots in civil engineering, but has been developed from the curricula organized by the former Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. As part of a reorganisation of the education and research activities at this faculty, a curriculum leading to the degree of “bio-engineer in environmental technology” was established in 1991. This curriculum covers a 5-year study and is constructed around 8 main components. Exchange of students with other European universities, e.g. within the Socrates framework, has become a prominent aspect of student life and education. This paper also briefly describes the employment opportunities of graduated bio-engineers in environmental technology. Finally, the current implementation of the bachelor's-master's structure, leading to a “master of science in environmental technology” degree is summarized.

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Sanad, Haytham M., Mohammad A. Ammar, and Moheeb E. Ibrahim. "Optimal Construction Site Layout Considering Safety and Environmental Aspects." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 134, no. 7 (July 2008): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2008)134:7(536).

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Venner, Marie. "Maintenance Quality Management and Environmental Stewardship." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1911, no. 1 (January 2005): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191100101.

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Some of the most extensive information management and decision support systems at state departments of transportation (DOTs) are used in maintenance for condition tracking, work planning, budget estimation, and quality assurance. DOTs are confronted with the challenge of managing these and emerging environmental information and decision support needs in integrated systems that incorporate transportation and environmental assets and quality and the activities, materials, labor, budget, and tools needed to assess and manage them. Systems integration remains an elusive goal. Although a few states are pursuing integrated asset management systems, recent leaps forward have been frequently limited to integration of management systems within a single functional area, e.g., integration of Pontis for bridge management with Virtis to bridge load rating. In that decentralized context, this paper presents several leading examples or best practices in asset and maintenance quality management in various areas of maintenance where environmental aspects that are difficult to quantify have begun to be incorporated.

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Semenova, Natalia. "Project-Based Learning as an Important Element of Training Students Majoring in Environmental Engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 11051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124411051.

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The paper addresses the training of specialists in civil engineering, having skills in project activities and advanced design techniques. Including technologies for the design of facilities, taking into account environmental norms and rules of nature management. Teamwork skills are one of the important competencies of a modern specialist. The paper describes ways to implement students’ teamwork in the training process at universities. It is shown how collective training techniques are introduced to the training process of engineering students. The author notes the importance of further development of project-based learning for the training of specialists in civil engineering, architecture and other engineering fields. It is also noted that the accomplishment of assignments — and not only individually but also in micro-groups — often adds a competitive aspect to the process, helps reveal leadership skills, and makes it possible for students to fulfill themselves at their best and demonstrate their talents. Collective assignments always require thinking outside the box, looking for unconventional solutions, and make students have an open mind. The paper also addresses matters of developing the graphic culture in students during their training and highlights the importance of the graphic culture in the training of highly qualified specialists.

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El-Guebaly, Laila, and Massimo Zucchetti. "Recent developments in environmental aspects of D–3He fuelled fusion devices." Fusion Engineering and Design 82, no. 4 (June 2007): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.03.011.

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Marović, Ivan, Diana Car-Pušić, Martina Šopić, and Ksenija Tijanić. "Group decision-making in civil engineering based on AHP and PROMETHEE methods." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 29, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.41.

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The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE have gained increasing attention in the field of construction management as techniques for the analysis of complex situations and as decision support for decision makers. However, these two methods in themselves or their potential applications to problems of construction management are not sufficiently defined in the existing literature. The environment of group decision-making bring even more challenges. This paper consolidates and critically discusses the current knowledge on the application of AHP and PROMETHEE methods in the light of the specifics of the construction industry. A systematic literature review was used to select the contributions indexed in the databases Scopus and Web of Science. The findings indicate that the studies deal with broad topics and different aspects in different phases of civil engineering projects. This paper provides a useful reference work for researchers and practitioners interested in the application of AHP and PROMEETHEE as tools for group decision-making in civil engineering.

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Alshawabkeh, Akram N., Albert T. Yeung, and Mark R. Bricka. "Practical Aspects of In-Situ Electrokinetic Extraction." Journal of Environmental Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 1999): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:1(27).

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Polus, Abishai, and Joseph Craus. "Planning and Geometric Aspects of Shared Streets." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1523, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152300104.

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The concept of “shared streets” involves an area in which the street is shared by pedestrians and vehicles. The entire shared street area is paved, and no vertical elevation difference exists between the walking areas and the parking area and the “travel lane.” The concept of travel lane is developed in this paper, and it refers to that part of the shared street that is specifically intended for motorists to travel. The travel lane is often distinguished by blocks with different colors. Because of the narrow lane width, it is possible for only one vehicle to pass through a straight section; two vehicles can meet only in the diagonal section. The angle of the diagonal section and the length and width of the straight section are primary parameters that strongly affect the travel speed along a shared street. Some general planning considerations are discussed, such as creating a discontinuous alignment by inserting a diagonal section between two consecutive tangent sections. Unidirectional or alternating diagonals are discussed, and three general forms of diagonal sections are presented. Safety considerations are also discussed, along with the need to provide sufficient parking space for visitors and residents. It is shown that the geometry determines the path of vehicles that results in a possible safe speed for a given design. Specific design criteria are presented for the recommended length of a tangent section and the recommended minimum width ranges, depending on the length of street. The parameters determining the geometric characteristics of the diagonal section, the angle of turn, the offset between the centerlines of the two adjacent tangent sections, and the width of the road along the tangent and within the diagonal section are also presented and evaluated. It is concluded that shared streets provide an excellent, attractive accessibility solution for residential neighborhoods with low volume of residential traffic resulting from a low density of residential dwellings. If planned properly, a balanced design is achieved, and the reduced speed results in improved safety and enhanced environmental qualities.

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Altin, Ahmet, Fatma Bakir, and İsmail Hakkı Özölçer. "The Evaluation of Kurtboğazı Dam (Ankara, Turkey) from Hydro-Geochemical and Environmental Aspects." Water Resources Management 24, no. 4 (June 17, 2009): 747–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9469-3.

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Cheng, Ping Jie, Han Zhou Hu, and Shu Guang Hu. "The Summary of the Durability of Concrete Parameters Calculation Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.937.

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The durability of concrete structure has become an important field of civil engineering at home and abroad, and how to determine the environmental effects of typical durability of concrete structure key parameters become the key. Proposed by different domestic and foreign scholars to study durability parameters of concrete structure of different models, different models are different in the source, type, model parameters and applicable conditions. In this paper, some typical models are reviewed and analyzed from two major aspects of the durability of concrete, the deterioration of concrete and the steel corrosion.

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Esplugas, Santiago, Sandra Contreras, and David F. Ollis. "Engineering Aspects of the Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation: Simple Mechanistic Models for the Oxidation Treatment." Journal of Environmental Engineering 130, no. 9 (September 2004): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:9(967).

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Adegun, Olumuyiwa Bayode. "Social and environmental aspects of housing developed for ‘slum’ dwellers in Africa." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 172, no. 5 (October 2019): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.19.00006.

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Bajec, Patricija, Danijela Tuljak-Suban, and Ivona Bajor. "A Warehouse Social and Environmental Performance Metrics Framework." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i4.3390.

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To improve the supply chain performance in all three aspects of sustainability (social, economic, and environmental), a comprehensive sustainable performance measurement system that captures all the supply chain partners’ efforts and commitments is required. Warehouse, as the second largest logistics source of environmental pollution in the supply chain has been almost completely overlooked and ignored in the past studies. To fill this gap, a warehouse performance metrics framework for environmental and social performance measures was proposed using a novel Fuzzy Delphi and Best-worst methodological approach. The method is less time-consuming than the Analytic Hierarchy Process or Analytic Network Process, it does not address whether criteria are dependent or independent, requires fewer comparisons of criteria, but still produces reliable and credible results. The presented framework consists of 32 equally formulated environmental and social performance indicators, including formulas and measurement units. The 14 most important indicators are ranked according to the requirements of different stakeholders.

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Nazarnia, Hadi, Mohammad Nazarnia, Hadi Sarmasti, and W. Olivia Wills. "A Systematic Review of Civil and Environmental Infrastructures for Coastal Adaptation to Sea Level Rise." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091555.

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Rising levels of seas and oceans due to global warming could drastically affect the daily lives of residents in coastal belts and lowland areas. Many of the most heavily populated regions in the world have been developed on the shorelines. Sea-level rise could directly affect the serviceability of urban structures and infrastructures of coastal regions; effects may include intrusion of salt water into drinking water resources, submergence of roads and railways, flowing of seawater into wastewater networks, and exacerbating land subsidence. These reasons have urged climate-change and infrastructure resilience researchers to focus on methods for prediction and prevention of SLR effects on urbanization systems. Most of the studies have concentrated on environmental aspects or modeling of flooding, however, there is a lack of research on behavior of urban lifelines for long-term planning. Hence, the resilience of coastal cities has become of more interest in recent years. This paper presents a meta- analysis and review of existing literatures on the impacts of SLR on civil infrastructure. We categorize these impacts based on different types of infrastructures (e.g. water, transportation, energy) and regions. The review provides i) an intensive coverage of the existing literature on adaptations ii) an exploration of current gaps and challenges in civil infrastructures in different regions of the world and iii) the engineering perspective of SLR besides managing directions to be useful for engineers, advisory committees, policy makers, and scholars for future studies.

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Caldwell-Nichols, C. J., R. M. Russ, A. C. Bell, N. Davies, A. D. Haigh, H. D. Jones, and L. Serio. "Radiation monitoring, environmental and health physics aspects during the first JET tritium experiment." Fusion Engineering and Design 19, no. 2 (September 1992): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(92)90069-g.

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Gómez-Llanos, Eva, and Pablo Durán-Barroso. "Learning Design Decisions in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) Applied to Higher Education in Civil-Engineering Topics." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208430.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflect the relationship among social, economic, and environmental aspects of society. Massive online open courses (MOOCs) represent an opportunity to promote lifelong learning (SDG 4), complementing university education or providing knowledge to society free and openly. The objective of this work is to analyze experiences in one MOOC about wastewater treatment applied to higher education in civil engineering (SDG 6). The proposed educational methodology and the achieved participation results are studied. The MOOC had three editions and was hosted on the Miríadax platform. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, initial motivation, and satisfaction level were collected from questionnaires. The results highlighted the importance of design decisions to obtain a high completion rate: defining a target audience, without prejudice to the course’s open character, where the prior knowledge of students is crucial. The teaching methodology is based on autonomous and progressive learning, with short and direct master classes, social support, with the motivation of students to continue their training with opening complementary topics in the forums, following up on their doubts, and their combination with social networks.

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Zygmunt, Marcin, and Marcin Piczulski. "Economic, environmental and social aspects of buildings’ refurbishment – a case study." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.52.

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The aim of the article is to presents the results of calculations regarding the: economic – based on the life cycle costing (LCC) approach, environmental – based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and social aspects of modeled refurbishment of residential and non-residential stock of buildings. Particular emphasis was placed on the impact of energy efficiency of the modeled buildings on environmental aspects and the selection of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of an area of energy cluster in terms of environmental aspects and a detailed analysis of an offi ce building using advanced energy simulations. The calculations for energy cluster was made using Polish energy certifi cate methodology (monthly calculations) while analysis of an office building was performed using dynamic hourly simulations with use of Energy Plus software. Performed analysis results in reaching energy efficiency scenarios for both cases according to meeting sustain development idea.

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Larsen, Allan, and Niels J. Gimsing. "Wind engineering aspects of the east bridge tender project." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 42, no. 1-3 (October 1992): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90148-4.

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Beshers, Eric, Brian Hayduk, and Robert B. Noland. "Devolution of Surface Transportation: Preliminary Assessment of Revenue and Financial Aspects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1649, no. 1 (January 1998): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1649-04.

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Recently, the topic of devolution of the federal role in surface transportation has been actively discussed. The impact on state finances, however, has not yet been analyzed. The way in which a reduction in federal transportation funding (as envisioned by legislation recently proposed by Rep. John Kasich and Sen. Connie Mack) would affect state financing is examined in this paper. This is combined with an assessment of states’ need for financing and their ability to make up any funding shortfalls. The results of this analysis indicate that, although most states would require smaller increases in their fuel taxes than the drop in federal taxes, many would have difficulty making up this shortfall. Many of these same states also have a great need to maintain their transportation infrastructure. Even if the specific issues were to change were devolution imminent, this research provides a useful analysis of the financial issues. A brief discussion of the possible environmental effects of devolution and reduced highway spending is included.

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Manfoumbi Boussougou, N., T. A. Nguyen, N. Angellier, F. Dubois, L. Ulmet, and N. Sauvat. "Experimental and numerical aspects in diffusion process characterization in tropical species." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 18, no. 9 (June 9, 2014): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2014.917993.

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Fatkhutdinov, V., L. Yarmol, T. Musiiets, O. Lagovska, and L. Kryukova. "State regulation of environmental safety." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/096.

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Purpose. To conduct a systematic analysis of the state environmental policy, to identify threats to ecologization and the necessary directions for improvement of the state environmental policy. Methodology. To perform scientific research there were used: the method of content analysis to assess the scientific achievements and identify unresolved aspects of the problem; method of comparative analysis for evaluation and processing of statistical information; method of analysis and synthesis to form the purpose of the study; methods of abstraction and generalization, formalization for detailed elaboration of various aspects of the problem; system-structural method and the method of convergence from the abstract to the concrete for the formation of conclusions and proposals. Findings. New risks and threats to the state environmental policy have been identified and their impact has been analyzed. The analysis revealed that the state environmental policy does not always extend into regional and sectoral environmental policy. It is established that departmental structures responsible for environmental monitoring do not have proper coordination of their actions, even in time, which complicates integrated information processing. In many areas there is no long-term state forecasting of environmental and economic factors. There is no adequate level of systematization in the formation of structured economic and tax incentives for the introduction of effective environmental technologies and compliance with norms and rules in environmental protection. Originality. A systematic analysis of the state environmental policy has been carried out, the formation of the emergent nature of ecological and economic factors has been indicated. Mechanisms of the state ecological policy have been formulated. Threats for ecologization policy and necessary directions of improvement of the state ecological policy have been detected. Practical value. The results of statistical analysis can be used by scientists and practitioners. To reform environmental and economic policy, the threat of imbalance in economic and tax incentives for greening has been pointed out, which may lead to delays in the development and slowdown of technological renewal of industrial sectors, in particular, the energy sector. It has been pointed out that the state ecological and economic policy should be a systemic tool of social policy, help stabilize the situation and overcome the crisis in all spheres of life. The importance of the role of the civil sector in the ecologization of the country and of the need to form a system for developing the environmental consciousness of society has been indicated.

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Akyuz, E., Z. Oktay, and I. Dincer. "Energetic, environmental and economic aspects of a hybrid renewable energy system: a case study." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 6, no. 1 (November 19, 2010): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctq041.

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Fekpe, Edward S. K., Alan M. Clayton, and Attahiru Sule Alfa. "Aspects of performance of truck weigh stations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-053.

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The performance characteristics of truck weigh stations are presented. Seasonally operated scales and random inspection sites are found to be at least 3 and 8 times respectively as effective in detecting violations as continuously operated permanent scales with no alternative bypass routes. The availability of alternative bypass routes reduces truckers' perceived probability of detection at permanent weigh scales by at least 5%. Higher perceived probabilities are associated with high inspection rates.Queuing theory is employed to study the impact of two alternative manpower levels on the performance of con tinuously operated permanent weigh scales. For the level of truck traffic volume considered, it is found that, theoretically, there is no significant delay to truck traffic through such weigh scale stations irrespective of the manning strategy. It is concluded that it is feasible to maintain minimal staff at the scales and redirect human resources to increase inspection capacities of other methods.The queuing model for the permanent scale operations represents a rare practical example of a classic M/Ek/1 model where the k stages in the service time Erlang distribution are real and not necessarily imaginary. Key words: permanent scale, effectiveness, enforcement, violation, inspection, arrival time, service time.

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Xie, Linlin, Yajiao Chen, Bo Xia, and Chunxiang Hua. "Importance-Performance Analysis of Prefabricated Building Sustainability: A Case Study of Guangzhou." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839118.

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In the era of sustainability as the development concept, prefabricated buildings have gradually become an important way to achieve sustainable development of the construction process due to the advantages of high construction speed, energy-saving, and environmental protection. In order to make the prefabricated building develop in a sustainable direction, it is necessary to understand the importance and performance of the critical sustainability aspects of the prefabricated building. However, the existing research has not fully explored this point, and classification research on all aspects of sustainability according to the management priorities of sustainable development is lacking. The present study determines the critical sustainability characterization items (criteria) of prefabricated buildings and uses the importance-performance analysis (IPA) method to explore the sustainability importance and performance level of prefabricated buildings in Guangzhou on the basis of the three dimensions of economic, social, and ecological sustainability. In particular, this study revises the traditional IPA method and uses the comprehensive weight obtained by the analytical network process- (ANP-) entropy weight method to obtain the importance of items. Results show that items “environmental protection” and “construction civilization” are of high importance and perform well. “Construction cost” and “product quality” are considered high-importance items with relatively poor performance; that is, these areas require urgent improvement actions. The “policy support” item at the intersection of IPA coordinates is also an aspect worthy of attention and discussion. This study provides a useful reference for decision-makers and relevant personnel on determining the priority of project management and achieving the optimal allocation of resources to promote the sustainable development of prefabricated buildings.

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Milwicz, Roman, and Jerzy Pasławski. "Adaptability in buildings – housing context – literature review." MATEC Web of Conferences 222 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822201011.

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Dynamic development of technology that influences social lifestyles has great impact over the way of understanding the house and thus the way of designing this special space. The buildings have to fulfill the sustainability conditions and a lot has been done to decrease impact of building on environment. Among many ways one is the flexibility, which strongly influences economical, social and environmental aspects. Authors tried to collect most significant papers and monographs that treat the flexibility and adaptability and thus show its importance in civil engineering especially in housing sector. In the conclusions Authors shears the ideas of investigations within housing adaptability filed.

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Rasburskis, Nerijus, Juozas Gudzinskas, and Jonas Gylys. "COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION: SOCIO‐ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636369.

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The paper is based on the study of Lithuania facing the need for huge investments in both the replacement of the Ignalina nuclear power station and the replacement of district heating production units in many of the existing systems. Lithuania has a big technical potential for implementing small‐scale combined heat and power production (CHP) systems. Meanwhile, such implementation needs public regulation to become feasible not only from a socio‐economic, but also from a business economic point of view. The study focuses upon the analysis of methods for the incorporation of technical, economical and environmental considerations into large‐scale investment decision‐making in the energy sector. The research study could be a guideline for determination of national potential for high efficiency CHP not only from the technical, but both the economical and the environmental point of view. Based upon the results of the study investigation and analysis, areas for improvement in current energy sector investment decision-making processes are highlighted, and areas for further research are recommended.

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Ning, Xin, Tong Liu, Chunlin Wu, and Chao Wang. "3D Printing in Construction: Current Status, Implementation Hindrances, and Development Agenda." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665333.

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3D printing (3DP) is regarded as an innovation that contributes to automation in civil engineering and offers benefits in design, greenness, and efficiency. It is necessary to objectively analyze the current status and challenges associated with 3DP and identify future research directions to properly understand its construction applications. Previous research has focused more on the technical dimension of 3DP; however, the nontechnical dimension of the technology may hinder its implementation and thus must be paid particular attention to. This study presents a systematic review of the existing literature from both technical and nontechnical dimensions by combining quantitative and qualitative studies. The quantitative study was conducted using scientometric methods. The qualitative study analyzed information, including the technical research status and nontechnical challenges and trends. Two aspects of technical research status are presented, including materials and processes. In addition, nontechnical challenges and trends from the economic, environmental, social, and legislative aspects are proposed. This study provides a comprehensive agenda to advance 3DP in construction and proposes research interests, challenges, and future topics. It is intended to help construction practitioners systematically master existing processes and materials and assess the application degree and necessity of 3DP.

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Boton, Conrad, Daniel Forgues, and Gilles Halin. "A framework for building information modeling implementation in engineering education." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 10 (October 2018): 866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0047.

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Universities are facing many challenges to their efforts to introduce building information modeling (BIM) in engineering education. Many research efforts have been dedicated to the subject and addressed some specific aspects of the issue. Thus, there is no comprehensive framework to provide decision-makers with practical and neutral guidelines. The framework proposed in this paper identifies the main challenges to address. A case study from a Canadian engineering school is used to evaluate and to validate the proposed framework, and to illustrate the challenges. The strategy of integrating BIM in engineering education should be based on the specific skills the students are expected to acquire. It is then possible to define the appropriate teaching approaches. An effective implementation strategy should be gradual to progressively raise community awareness, learn from mistakes, and identify best practices. A particular emphasis should be placed on the needs of the local industry.

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Sturm, Jürgen. "European Water Framework Directive and Its Impact on Water Transport in the European Union." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1909, no. 1 (January 2005): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190900111.

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As a result of the July 1999 European Summit held in Gothenburg, Sweden, all European Union policy areas are subject to the guiding principle of sustainable development. Within this context, the European Commission published a white paper on transport policy to 2010, focusing on the need to foster more environmentally and socially sustainable means of transport to achieve a modal shift away from road transport. The white paper mentions inland navigation as a mode with great potential to contribute to a shift toward more sustainable modes than roads and recognizes that among other measures, infrastructural improvements must be realized on the European waterways. However, European environmental legislation, namely, the Water Framework Directive (WFD), is likely to challenge the strategy of necessary improvements on European waterways. The target conflict arising from environmental legislation that is capable of contradicting efforts to ensure sustainability in the transport sector is examined. Within this context, several aspects of WFD are described: development; the current implementation status in the national law of European Union member states and the potential consequences for waterway infrastructure, dredging, and navigability; and the general role of inland navigation in a competitive transport market. Possible instruments foreseen in the WFD to balance the interests of environmental concerns and those of the navigation sector are also addressed.

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Knowles, James A. "National solid waste management plan for Iraq." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (May 26, 2009): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09104129.

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After decades of turmoil and international sanctions much of the key civil infrastructure within Iraq has fallen into disrepair, leading to a considerable decline in the provision of basic and essential municipal services. This is particularly true of waste and resource management services that have seen years of underdevelopment and deterioration. This has resulted in a lack of provision of basic public services in the waste sector which have been replaced by a burgeoning unregulated informal market in waste collection, disposal and recycling. In response, a National Solid Waste Management Plan (NSWMP) for Iraq was developed in 2007, to plan for the strategic development of all aspects of waste management in the country over the coming 20 years. In particular, the NSWMP focuses on policy development and integrated planning regarding regulatory framework, economic aspects, institutional capacity, citizen and technical education, and technical and operational development. This paper summarizes the key objectives, challenges and subsequent recommendations contained in the NSWMP for Iraq.

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Hedström, Annelie, and Lea Rastas. "Methodological Aspects of Using Blast Furnace Slag for Wastewater Phosphorus Removal." Journal of Environmental Engineering 132, no. 11 (November 2006): 1431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2006)132:11(1431).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Civil engineering'

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