Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Coast changes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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Oliveira Júnior, José Francisco de, Pedro Henrique de Almeida Souza, Edson de Oliveira Souza, Mário Henrique Guilherme dos santos Vanderlei, Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho, Carla Taciane Brasil dos Santos, Bárbara Alves Batista, Dimas de Barros Santiago, and Givanildo de Gois. "Climatologia da Chuva em Maceió: Aspectos Climáticos e Ambientais." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p2253-2264.
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The objectives of the study are: i) to evaluate the climatology of rain in Maceió based on observed data, with emphasis on climatic and environmental aspects and ii) to validate the precipitation product for the municipality. Data from 1979 to 2013 of the precipitation product CHELSA (Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas) were validated by rainfall data from the National Water Agency (NWA) from 1960 to 2016. Statistical indicators showed a high coefficient of determination and linear correlation between CHELSA and observed data (R2 = 0.80; r = 0.89) and the smallest errors (SEE = 6.58 mm and RMSE = 18.76 mm), therefore the CHELSA product can be applied in the region. The time series presented a period 1 (P1) - (1960 to 1989) with rainfall above the historical average and a period 2 (P2) - (1990 to 2016) with a significant reduction in rainfall. Observed data versus climatological normals showed a significant decrease in normal 1 (1961-1990) in the rainy season, while in relation to normal 2 (1981-2010) there was an increase in the months of February, March and April (between 10 to 20%) and October and December (between 5 to 15%). The spatial distribution of monthly rainfall via the CHELSA product showed the formation of a pluviometric gradient between the coast and the upper part of Maceió. The topography influences the rainfall regime in neighborhoods belonging to the administrative regions (AR) - (R4, R5 and R6) with the highest rainfall records. The ENOS phases are directly responsible for the variability of interannual rain, while the decadal variability corresponded to the PDO phase change and changes in land use and occupation in Maceió.
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Idris, Muhamad Kemal, Muqtasidun Hasri, and Wahyu Adi Setyaningsih. "Mapping Monitoring of Environmental Conditions In Cilacap Waters." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v5i1.2838.
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Cilacap waters are said to be busy with sea traffic with many activities being carried out in the Cilacap water area. Environmental monitoring activities are needed to determine the existing conditions in Cilacap waters, in order to support smooth and efficient traffic activities in Cilacap waters. This study uses a method in producing a mapping of environmental conditions, namely by looking at the aspects of changes in coastline, water depth (bathymetry), wind direction, and velocity, as well as models of surface currents speed and direction in Cilacap waters. The results of this study indicate that the environmental conditions in Cilacap waters are still relatively not much different from the conditions in the previous year, namely 2017. The value of modeling ocean currents which are influenced by sea tides and ebbs has a relatively small value with values ranging from 0.1-1.5 m / s with an average speed of 0.4 m / s that occurs in June (east season). In June 2020 the wind in the Cilacap water area blows from the east and southeast with speeds ranging from 2.5 - 7 m / s. The bathymetry measurement results showed a result of less than -2 meters. These results also indicate a relatively gentle seabed slope with a maximum depth of more than -30 meters in Cilacap waters. This clearly shows that the morphology of the coast and the condition of Cilacap waters are not relatively significant, experiencing changes every year.
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Suadi, Suadi, Hery Saksono, and Bambang Triyatmo. "Perception-based Indicator for Sustainability of Shrimp Culture in the Less Favorable Areas at Southern Coast of Yogyakarta." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 21, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.50960.
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Shrimp farming has been introduced since the mid-1980s at the southern coast of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). However, the industry was not well growing in the initial stage. The new shrimp development project also promoted in the early of 2000s, particularly in Jangkaran Village, Subdistrict of Temon, Kulon Progo District and Poncosari Village, Subdistrict of Srandakan, Bantul District, but many of shrimp farms fail because of shrimp diseases, lack of capital to recover and shrimp farming experiences. Recently, the shrimp culture industry experienced rapid expansion along the coast of the two districts. This study aimed to determine the profile and growing of shrimp farming at the southern coast of DIY and to identify the technical aspects, social, and economic indicators of sustainable shrimp culture in the less favorable areas. To identify the sustainability of current shrimp culture, the study develop four indicators consist of technical indicators (6 sub-indicators), economic indicators (9 sub-indicators), social indicators (7 sub-indicators), and environmental indicators (8 sub-indicator). The study was conducted during March to October 2014 by using a combination of literature study and survey at two selected villages: Jangkaran and Poncosari Villages. The total 82 respondents were interviewed; consist of shrimp farmers, coastal communities, community leaders, and local government. The study showed that the rapid growing of shrimp farming were caused by several factors, among others: (1) the existence of technological innovation in shrimp farming in the sandy soil areas, particularly the lower cost in the pond investment and the more easier of seawater collecting; (2) high price and market opportunities of the commodity; and (3) changes in the physical environment due to the threat of coastal erosion which damage the fisher livelihood, thus demanding adaptation strategies. Shrimp farmer in average managed 2,138 m2 and implemented intensive to super intensive cultivation technology, with an average stocking density of 144 shrimp/m2. Production per year in average reaches 25.9 ton/ha and generating revenue of IDR286.544.232 per year. The total cost of production is estimated at IDR210.590.175 per year, and generated a net profit of IDR75.954.057 per year. The perception based indicator of sustainability showed the environmental related issues were in average have a low value. Thus, environmental regulation of aquaculture is an important aspect to be considered in promoting sustainable development of shrimp farming at the southern coast of the province.
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Golik, V. I., Yu V. Dmytrak, V. I. Komashchenko, and Yu I. Razorenov. "Environmental Aspects of Storing Tails of Ore Dressing in a Mountain Region." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-6-35-39.
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The tools for improving the environment state of mining regions is the optimization of mining and technological processes based on an assessment of the state of the natural environment when the technogenic load changes. The mining industry forms tailings storages for the processing of ores, which, in specific mountain conditions, determine the level of environmental impact. Conventional ore processing technologies do not ensure the extraction of metals from tailings of beneficiation to a level that allows them to be used in the national economy. Modernization of beneficating processes is possible using new leaching technologies, for example, processing in disintegrators. The ecological efficiency of waste-free utilization of tailings of beneficiation is achieved with system management of a set of extraction and processing processes taking into account the damage from environmental chemization. The efficiency of utilization of tailings of processing consists of reducing damage from the storage of tailings, the cost of commodity products obtained during processing, as well as reducing the technogenic load on the environment.
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Ferreira Costa, Ingrid, Rogério Aparecido Machado, and Marcio Adriano Andreo. "Chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens and its substitutes in the cosmetic industry." Revista Intertox de Toxicologia, Risco Ambiental e Sociedade 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22280/revintervol12ed2.435.
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As a result of their effectiveness in low concentrations, low cost of synthesizing and not causing alteration in the organoleptic characteristics of the products, parabens are widely used as a preservative in cosmetics. According to studies, these esters have the potential to interfere with the performance of the endocrine system causing changes in hormones activity, as well as represent a hazard to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the main chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens in the cosmetic industry comparing to other preservatives, discussing also the use of plant extracts and essential oils as natural preservatives.
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Jasińska, Elżbieta. "Impact of environmental and climate conditions on the investment potential of real estate in the belt of the Gulf of Gdansk Coast." E3S Web of Conferences 86 (2019): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600013.
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The subject of this publication is to determine what environmental and climatic factors can significantly affect the value of real estate. As a research object, there was chosen area surrounding the Gulf of Gdansk, which, like the entire coast, is attractive for investment and constitutes an interesting object as a space with a special focus on tourism, including short-term rental. Progressing climate change is particularly affecting this sector. It is safe to assume that unfavorable environmental conditions can significantly change the attractiveness of this area. Therefore, the research hypothesis about the correlation between climate aspects distinguishing the coastal belt and the distribution of real estate prices in the selected area has been verified. The area of the Gulf of Gdansk Coast and the technical and protective belt were analyzed. The weather situation on the coast is different from that prevailing in the rest of the country. There are strong and gusty winds, local floods, but at the same time a natural landscape, proximity to the sea and clean, iodized air. Other possible climatic factors have also been tracked, i.e. temperature, sea level and possible changes that may occur over the next years. The analyzes were based on the data of the KLIMAT project entitled "The impact of climate change on the environment, economy and society", and the Government Project KLIMADA and SPA analyzes. An in-depth analysis of the problem of combining planning documents for the maritime sector influencing the Study of Spatial Development of Polish Marine Areas with Local Spatial Management Plans, introduced Flood Risk Maps and Flood Risk Maps was also conducted.
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Akatjevaitė, Simona. "CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN CRISIS ANALYSIS ASPECTS / STATYBOS SEKTORIAUS KRIZĖS ANALIZĖS ASPEKTAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 2 (June 7, 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.026.
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The economic consequence of the crisis has raised new challenges and objectives of the construction sector. Changes in international and local market conditions for construction, construction cost and the decrease promotes analysis of the situation and look for ways to effectively operate in this sector. Worldwide, various construction and real estate sector strategy for dealing with the crisis, the authorities apply the new performance incentive and control systems. The successful construction of a crisis management strategy should be aligned with country-specific economic, political, legal, technological, institutional, social, cultural, ethical and other environmental factors.
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Pellizzari, Franciane, Vanessa Sayuri Osaki, and Michelle C. Santos-Silva. "New records of seaweeds and filamentous cyanobacteria from Trindade Island: an updated checklist to support conservation guidelines and monitoring of environmental changes in the southern Atlantic archipelagos." Scientia Marina 84, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05036.05a.
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Oceanic islands are natural laboratories for investigating species diversity and richness patterns. Changes in abiotic parameters may induce shifts in marine biota. Seaweeds are recognized as bioindicators, though those from remote tropical islands have been rarely studied. This study updates the diversity, richness and distribution of macroalgae from Trindade, a Brazilian volcanic island located 1140 km off the coast. Biotic data, obtained in a global database and in situ and compiled in a new records list, were associated with abiotic parameters. Conservation and ecological issues were discussed in the context of the observed greater richness, expansion of the distributional range and low endemism. A total of 141 species were identified, including 60 new records and 20 taxa of filamentous cyanobacteria. The greater richness, including potential cryptogenic species, may primarily be associated with past incomplete samplings, current new techniques and combined taxonomical methods, including molecular analysis for cryptic species. However, on the macroscale, this study provides information for the re-evaluation of aspects of endemism, connections and biogeographical distribution shifts of seaweed assemblages, considering environmental changes. In addition, this updated checklist establishes a baseline for further comparative studies, reinforcing the hypothesis that biogeographical isolation can be disrupted by meteorological and oceanographic shifts, altering dispersal patterns and resulting in higher ecosystems connectivity.
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Ceccato, Diana, Daniel Bertero, Diego Batlla, and Beatriz Galati. "Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat." Seed Science Research 25, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851500015x.
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AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.
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Tolga. "The Negative Environmental Changes on the Sea and its Impact on the Aspects of Economic, Social and Health of the Fishermen Living in the East Coast Zone of Peninsular Malaysia." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.534.541.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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Fehrenbacher, Fairlight Marie. "Predicting shoreline change due to nearshore dredging at Folly Island, South Carolina." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21527.
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Knapp, Jarred Lee. "The effects of ocean acidification and temperature change on the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97802.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The West Coast rock lobster (WCRL), Jasus lalandii, is a critical marine fisheries resource for South Africa and may in future be negatively affected by the changes in seawater parameters associated with the ongoing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. These CO2 emissions have been linked to a global decrease in ocean pH (termed “ocean acidification”) and an increase in temperature. There are strong estimates that these changes are to worsen in coming centuries. This warranted research because of 1) the low current level of the resource (2.6% of pristine) and 2) the relatively unexplored physiological- and other biological responses of the WCRL to environmental stressors. This information is essential for the sustainable management of the resource by government scientists in times of global- and regional climate change. In the short term, it was found that the WCRL was able to rapidly and reversibly respond to acute changes in seawater pH (pH 7.4), this was achieved primarily through the active up-regulation of bicarbonate levels in the haemolymph. Maintaining extracellular pH protects oxygen transport mechanisms, which are sensitive to pH changes due to the large Bohr effect that this study also revealed, in the respiratory protein, haemocyanin of adult WCRL. The energy cost of actively maintaining extracellular pH, however, is expected to affect growth and potentially survival in the long term. This was tested on juvenile WCRL that were exposed to a reduced seawater pH of 7.3 (18.8 °C) over a period of 28 weeks. Results revealed that survival was not influenced and acid-base regulation in the hypercapnia-exposed lobsters was maintained throughout the duration of the trial, however, this led to a reduced growth rate. Subsequently, in order to replicate field conditions more closely, a combination of effects, namely seawater pCO2 (pH 8 and 7.3) and different temperatures (15.6 and 19 °C) on the growth of juvenile WCRL were assessed over an exposure period of 48 weeks in a second chronic trial. In contrast to the initial trial (28 weeks), where hypercapnia was assessed separately, lobsters exposed to hypercapnia had a higher growth rate than those at the same temperature exposed to a “natural” (normocapnic) seawater pH. The difference was interpreted as an indication that food availability/quality may negatively affect stress response, as feeding in the first trial was later considered “sub-optimal” in comparison to that of the second trial. In the latter, although both hypercapnia and temperature affected growth rates, temperature was the largest contributor to differences observed between treatments. The order of growth rates for lobsters from different treatments was: hypercapnia/high temperature > normocapnia/high temperature > hypercapnia/low temperature > normocapnia/low temperature. In this trial too, irrespective of treatment, lobsters were able to maintain extracellular pH within a relatively narrow range over the extent of the trial and survival was not negatively affected by hypercapnia or high temperature. In order to compare the sensitivity of juvenile WCRL to that of adults, with regards to the effect of changes in extracellular pH on oxygen transport, and to assess the impact of chronic hypercapnia, haemocyanin from juveniles was studied in detail after the first growth trial. This revealed that juvenile WCRL have a similar Bohr effect to that of adults. In addition, the haemocyanin of hypercapnia-exposed juveniles showed an increased affinity to oxygen caused by an intrinsic change in its molecular structure. This was interpreted as an energy-saving mechanism, because at the same time, haemocyanin concentration in these animals was lower than in normocapnic lobsters. At the termination of the second chronic trial, the immunological response to the combined stressors was assessed, namely total circulating haemocyte counts (THC) and the ability to clear/inactivate an introduced dose of a bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum. A pilot experiment on non-treated juveniles revealed a similar resting THC to that of other lobster species, and culturable V. anguillarum was rapidly cleared from their haemolymph. The effect of chronic exposure to a combination of effects, namely hypercapnia and different temperatures, was subsequently tested after termination of the second chronic trial. There were no differences between treatments in a) baseline THC (i.e. before bacterial challenge) and 2) the capability to clear culturable bacteria from haemolymph. The only difference was the circulating THCs post-bacterial challenge, as they were reduced in the hypercapnic-, high temperature treatment, compared with all other treatments. The reason is unknown, but it is speculated that it may have been linked to an increased metabolic demand in these lobsters. Overall, these results demonstrate the great plasticity of the WCRL at the molecular-, biochemical and physiological level. They provide important initial information for government fisheries scientists to aid in predicting future development of, and potential threats to the WCRL resource, as well as providing a platform from which the direction of future studies can be determined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Weskus-seekreef, Jasus lalandii, is ’n belangrike seevisseryhulpbron vir Suid-Afrika en kan in die toekoms negatief geraak word deur die veranderinge in seewaterparameters wat met voortgesette antropogeniese vrystellings van koolstofdioksied (CO2) verband hou. Hierdie CO2-vrystellings word met ’n wêreldwye daling in die pH van seewater (oftewel “oseaanversuring”) en ’n temperatuurstyging verbind. Alles dui daarop dat hierdie veranderinge in die volgende eeue sal vererger. Dít regverdig navorsing weens 1) die huidige skaarste aan dié hulpbron (2,6% van oorspronklike getalle), en 2) die betreklik onverkende fisiologiese en ander biologiese reaksies van die kreef op omgewingstressors. Hierdie inligting is noodsaaklik om staatswetenskaplikes in staat te stel om die hulpbron te midde van wêreldwye en streeksklimaatsverandering volhoubaar te bestuur. Op kort termyn word daar bevind dat die Weskus-kreef vinnig en omkeerbaar op akute veranderinge in die pH van seewater reageer (pH 7,4). Dít is hoofsaaklik deur die aktiewe opwaartse regulering van bikarbonaatvlakke in die hemolimf vasgestel. Die handhawing van ekstrasellulêre pH beskerm die meganismes wat suurstof vervoer, wat gevoelig is vir pH-veranderinge weens die beduidende Bohr-effek in die respiratoriese proteïen, hemosianien, by die volwasse kreef – nóg ’n bevinding van hierdie studie. Tog sal die energiekoste verbonde aan die handhawing van ekstrasellulêre pH na verwagting groei en moontlik ook oorlewing op lang termyn beïnvloed. Dít is getoets op jong Weskus-krewe wat oor ’n tydperk van 28 weke aan seewater met ’n verlaagde pH van 7,3 (18,8 °C) blootgestel is. Resultate dui daarop dat oorlewing nié geraak word nie, en dat suur-basis-regulering in die hiperkapnie-blootgestelde krewe vir die volle duur van die proef gehandhaaf is, hoewel dit tot ’n verlaagde groeitempo gelei het. Ten einde natuurlike omstandighede akkurater na te boots, is ’n kombinasie van uitwerkings, naamlik pCO2 van seewater (pH 8 en 7,3) en verskillende temperature (15,6 en 19 °C), op die groei van jong krewe oor ’n blootstellingstydperk van 48 weke in ’n tweede chroniese proefneming beoordeel. In teenstelling met die aanvanklike proef (28 weke), is hiperkapnie afsonderlik beoordeel en het krewe wat aan hiperkapnie blootgestel is ’n hoër groeitempo getoon as dié by dieselfde temperatuur wat aan seewater met ’n ‘natuurlike’ (normokapniese) pH blootgestel is. Dié verskil is vertolk as ’n aanwyser dat voedselbeskikbaarheid/-gehalte ’n negatiewe uitwerking op stresreaksie kan hê, aangesien voeding in die eerste proefneming later as ‘suboptimaal’ beskou is vergeleke met dié van die tweede proef. In die tweede proef, hoewel hiperkapnie én temperatuur groeitempo’s beïnvloed het, was temperatuur die grootste bydraer tot die verskille wat tussen behandelings opgemerk is. Die orde van die kreefgroeitempo’s met die verskillende behandelings was: hiperkapnie/hoë temperatuur > normokapnie/hoë temperatuur > hiperkapnie/lae temperatuur > normokapnie/lae temperatuur. In die tweede proef kon die kreef ook, ongeag behandeling, ekstrasellulêre pH vir die volle duur van die proefneming binne ’n betreklik beperkte bestek handhaaf, en het nóg hiperkapnie nóg hoë temperatuur ’n negatiewe invloed op oorlewing gehad. Om die gevoeligheid van jong Weskus-krewe met dié van volwasse krewe te vergelyk wat betref die uitwerking van veranderinge in ekstrasellulêre pH op suurstofvervoer, en om die impak van chroniese hiperkapnie te bepaal, is die hemosianien van jong krewe deeglik ná die eerste groeiproef bestudeer. Dít het aan die lig gebring dat die jong kreef ’n soortgelyke Bohr-effek as volwassenes toon. Daarbenewens toon die hemosianien van hiperkapnie-blootgestelde jong krewe ’n verhoogde affiniteit tot suurstof, wat deur ’n intrinsieke verandering in molekulêre struktuur veroorsaak word. Dít is as ’n energiebesparingsmeganisme vertolk, aangesien hemosianienkonsentrasie by hierdie diere terselfdertyd laer was as by normokapniese kreef. Aan die einde van die tweede chroniese proefneming is die immunologiese reaksie op die gekombineerde stressors beoordeel, naamlik totale sirkulerende hemosiettellings (THC) en die vermoë om ’n toegediende dosis van die bakterie Vibrio anguillarum op te ruim/te deaktiveer. ’n Toetseksperiment met niebehandelde jong krewe dui op ’n soortgelyke rustende THC as dié van ander kreefspesies, en kweekbare V. anguillarum is vinnig uit die hemolimf opgeruim. Die effek van chroniese blootstelling aan ’n kombinasie van faktore, naamlik hiperkapnie en verskillende temperature, is vervolgens na afloop van die tweede chroniese proef getoets. Die verskillende behandelings lewer dieselfde a) THC op die basislyn (met ander woorde voor toediening van die bakterie), en 2) opruimingsvermoë van kweekbare bakterieë uit die hemolimf op. Die enigste verskil was die THC’s ná toediening van die bakterie, wat laer was met die hiperkapniese hoëtemperatuurbehandeling as met alle ander behandelings. Die rede hiervoor is onbekend, maar hou vermoedelik verband met ’n verhoogde metaboliese vereiste by hierdie krewe. Oor die algemeen toon hierdie resultate die beduidende plastisiteit van die Weskus-seekreef op molekulêre, biochemiese en fisiologiese vlak. Dit bied belangrike aanvanklike inligting vir staatsvisserywetenskaplikes om die toekomstige ontwikkeling van én moontlike bedreigings vir die kreefhulpbron te voorspel, en voorsien boonop ’n platform van waar die rigting van toekomstige studies bepaal kan word.
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Johnson, Charley R. "Migration of Dredged Material Mounds: Predictions Based on Field Measurements of Waves, Currents, and Suspended Sediments, Brunswick, GA." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082005-145658/unrestricted/johnson%5Fcharley%5Fr%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.F. Michael Saunders, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Kevin Haas, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Paul A. Work, Ph.D., Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rennie, Alistair Flett. "The role of sediment supply and sea-level changes on a submerging coast past changes and future management implications /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/843/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2006.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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de, la Vega Leinert Anne Cristina. "Flandrian coastal environmental changes : evidence from three sites in Mainland Orkney, Scotland." Thesis, Coventry University, 1998. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8e4ae838-181f-4a9d-9b99-48fd40dff69f/1.
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The Orcadian coastline is characterised by a high energy paraglacial environment, where remobilisation of abundant glacigenic sediment has favoured the building of numerous barriers. To date, there has been little work on either patterns of relative sea-level change or coastal processes affecting Orkney during the Flandrian. The present research provides an understanding of Flandrian coastal environmental changes in three areas of Mainland Orkney. Detailed morphological, lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical work was undertaken and has revealed distinctive back-barrier sequences which illustrate the diversity of coastal responses to complex interactions between relative sea-level trends, sediment supply and coastal configuration. Scapa Bay provides direct evidence of relative sea-level rise and coastal retreat during the early Flandrian. There, a freshwater marsh was flooded by the sea c.8.5 kyrs BP at c.-5.4 m 0.0. Abundant sediment supply from nearby drift cliffs was remobilised inland by wave refraction before c.7 kyrs BP, and led to the formation and rapid progradation of swash-aligned barriers (SAB) across the valley mouth. By c.6.6 kyrs BP, direct marine influence was restricted in the back-barrier area, although saltmarshes persisted until c.5 kyrs BP. The enclosed lagoon was then progressively infilled by terrestrial sediments and a freshwater marsh was formed. The multiple barrier complex at Scapa Bay demonstrates land progradation against the backdrop of long-term rising relative sea level. This was facilitated by continuous sediment supply in a sheltered embayment. At the Bay of Carness, a single SAB was built during the early Flandrian. Between c.6.5 and 5.4 kyrs BP, marine influence was at its highest and a saltmarsh formed between c.-3.2 and -2.57 m 0.0. No direct marine flooding has, however, been recorded at the site. Later, a brackish lagoon occupied the coastal depression indicating a rising water table. This lagoon was gradually infilled by terrestrial sediments as soil erosion occurred in the the catchment. Slow inland migration of the SAB during the late Flandrian has been related to complex barrier and lagoon interactions in a context of sediment starvation. The sheltered setting of the site enabled the barrier to keep cohesiveness throughout its inland translocation. However, its present morphology shows clear signs of instability. The Bay of Skaill is the most exposed and dynamic coastal environment of the sites investigated. Abundant sand supply led to the building of a dune ridge during the middle Flandrian and to the pending of a freshwater loch in the back-dune area. By c.6.1 kyrs BP, aeolian processes became dominant and the dune ridge progressively migrated landward, while machair developed inland. After c.4.4 kyrs BP, the bay was gradually formed as the dune ridge retreated to its present position. Moreover, a SAB developed and eroded the seaward dune edge. At present, the SAB is migrating rapidly inland due to sediment starvation and exposure to storm activity. The Flandrian vegetational history around the three sites was also investigated. This accorded with that already established for the islands. Herbaceous vegetation was initially dominant, although a Betula-Corylus woodland, including Salix, Alnus and possibly Quercus, developed during the early Flandrian. This reached its maximum extent c.5 kyrs BP. Anthropogenic impact from Neolithic onwards is believed to have significantly affected the landscape studied, primarily via woodland clearance and mixed farming practices. Between c.4 and 2.5 kyrs BP, a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors led to the spreading of heathland and to a possible decline of anthropogenic activities.
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Wang, Yaoping. "Statistical Downscaling along the US Eastern Coast by Two Methods with Application on Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve Changes." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417824178.
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Greenwood, Karin C. "Sea surface temperatures around the souhtern [i.e. southern] African coast : climatological aspects and applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53583.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The oceanic and meteorological systems that characterize the southern African coastline are well-documented. In this thesis, these characteristics have been considered in conjunction with the analysis of a unique set of sea surface temperature (SST) data, obtained from measuring sites around the southern African coast, to determine the variability of SSTs in the immediate coastal region of southern Africa, and to demonstrate how this variability impacts on marinerelated economic activities. As part of the analysis process, various statistical techniques have been applied to the data over different time periods to establish the extent of the spatial variability of SSTs along the southern African coastline. From the results it has been possible to identify three distinctly different 'climatological' regions around the southern African coast; viz a cooler west coast region with a low annual and seasonal SST variability and a higher variability from day-ta-day, a warmer east coast region with a higher annual and seasonal SST variability and a lower variability from day-ta-day; and a temperate south coast region with a highly erratic annual, seasonal and day-ta-day SST variability. Furthermore, it has been possible to identify, albeit small, the existence of a high and a low frequency signal of 12-15 days and 40-60 days, respectively, in the three different regions. There is also evidence of the periodic occurrence of anomalously warm and cold SST events in all three regions, and a probability of <1.1% of a day-ta-day SST anomaly of >3°C (+3°C or- 3°C) occurring anywhere along the southern African coastline. The general causes of SST change have been discussed within the context of the heat budget equation. Furthermore, the effects of the variability of SST on the climate and marine life around southern Africa and the resulting impact on the various marine-related economic activities (such as aquaculture, air-sea rescue and power stations) have been identified, and shown to be both positive and negative.Finally, it should be noted, that economic infonnation relating to marine activities is closely guarded due to inter-industry competition. It has therefore been difficult to quantify the exact impact of the effects of SST variability on these activities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oseaniese en weerkundige stelsels wat die kuslyn van suidelike Afrika kenmerk is goed gedokumenteer. Die stelselkenmerke is in hierdie verhandeling ondersoek aan die hand van 'n unieke datastel van seeoppervlaktemperature (SST) afkomstig van meetplekke aan die kus van suidelike Afrika, ten einde die veranderlikheid van SST in die onmiddelike kusomgewing van suidelike Afrika vas te stel, asook om te demonstreer hoe hierdie veranderlikheid inwerk op seeverwante ekonomiese aktiwiteite. As deel van die proses van analise is verskeie statistiese metodes gebruik om die data oor verskeie tydperke te ontleed ten einde die omvang van ruimtelike veranderlikheid van SSTs langs die kus van suidelike Afrika te bepaal. Uit die resultate was dit moontlik om drie duidelike onderskeibare 'klimatologiese' streke aan die kus van suidelike Afrika te identifiseer; te wete 'n koeler weskusstreek met 'n lae jaarlikse en seisoenale SST-veranderlikheid en hoër dag-tot-dag veranderlikheid, 'n warmer ooskusstreek met 'n hoër jaarlikse en seisoenale SST-veranderlikheid en laer dag-tot-dag verandelikheid; asook 'n gematigde suidkusstreek met 'n hoogs wisselvallige jaarlikse, seisoenale en dag-totdag SST-veranderlikheid. Dit was verder moontlik om, alhoewel klein, die bestaan van lae en hoë frekwensie seine van 12-15 dae en 40-60 dae onderskeidelik in die drie streke te identifiseer. Daar is ook tekens van die periodieke voorkoms van anomale warm en koue SSTgebeurtenisse in al drie streke en 'n waarskynlikheid van <1.1% van die voorkoms van 'n dagtot- dag SST-anomaliteit van >3°C (+3°C of -3°G) op enige plek langs die suider Afrikaanse kuslyn. Die algemene oorsake van veranderings in SST is bespreek binne die konteks van die formule vir die behoud van hitte-energie. Die invloed van SST-veranderlikheid op die klimaat en die seelewe om suidelike Afrika en die gevolglike effek op mariene-verwante ekonomiese aktiwiteite (soos akwakultuur, lug-see-redding en kragstasies) is ook geïdentifiseer en is aangetoon om beide positief en negatief te wees Ten laaste dien dit gemeld te word dat ekonomiese inligting met betrekking tot mariene aktiwitweite goed bewaar word as gevolg van kompetisie in die bedryf. Dit was derhalwe moeilik om die presiese impak van die gevolge van SST-veranderlikheid op sodanige aktiwiteite te kwantifiseer.
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Kent, Avidan. "International trade, investment, and climate change : a tale of legal and institutional fragmentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648583.
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Adey, Jonathan Max. "Aspects of the sustainability of creel fishing for Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), on the west coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/524/.
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This thesis describes a study of a number of aspects of the Nephrops creel fishery. Various aspects have been studied. In particular, work has focused on how the biology of Nephrops affects its catchability in creels, as well as assessing the environmental impacts of the Nephrops creel fishery. A smaller study relating to the physiological effects of the capture and transport of live creel-caught Nephrops, has also been undertaken. Fishery-directed sampling of Nephrops displayed strong seasonal trends in catch composition and catch rate, reflecting patterns in the Nephrops moult and reproductive cycles. Most females were caught in the early spring, following moulting and mating, with catch rates becoming low after spawning in autumn. Catches of males were greatest around February following moulting. Of those animals caught, males were larger than females. These seasonal patterns reflect the exploitation of different components of the stock throughout the year. Fishery sampling also showed there to be considerable stock heterogeneity both among and within creel fisheries. Global positioning system (GPS)-linked data loggers fitted to selected fishing boats provided a more detailed assessment of spatial variability in catch rate. Results showed both effort and landings per unit effort (LPUE) to be patchily distributed in the area studied, further illustrating considerable stock heterogeneity throughout the area. Both approaches illustrated that catch rate varied with sediment type, with high catch rates of small animals on sandy to firm mud and high catch rates of large animals on softer mud. Additionally, population modelling indicated that, in the areas studied, Nephrops are not currently being growth overfished. Behavioural observations in both the field and laboratory indicated a low probability of entry to creels by approaching Nephrops, particularly if other crustacean species were inside the creel. Larger Nephrops appeared to have a greater threshold for disturbances such as and the presence of conspecifics or other species as well as reduced gear avoidance, suggesting that Nephrops creels select larger animals in the population. Using sea pens as an indicator of physical disturbance of the sea bed showed that impacts from creeling were low. The sea pens Virgularia mirabilis and Pennatula phosphorea were caught in moderate quantities in the creel fishery, but were still observed in high densities on creel grounds. Comparison with trawled areas showed some differences in density, the most notable being that the tall sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis was less abundant on trawled grounds, indicating an adverse effect of bottom-towed gear. Bycatch was assessed in two distinct fisheries and varied both between and within areas; however, levels of bycatch (both target and non-target species) in all areas were much lower than previous estimates from the trawl fishery. Additionally, in contrast to the trawl fishery, commercially exploited fish made up a small proportion of the bycatch in the Nephrops creel fisheries studied. The survival of Nephrops discards is considered to be high, although preliminary results suggest that predation by seabirds may cause significant mortality. The effects of ‘ghost fishing’ were investigated experimentally at two sites and it seemed that lost creels do not constitute a serious issue in this fishery. Creels were found to be very selective for their target species, with both target and non-target species being able to escape. Only a few crabs and a small proportion of the captured Nephrops died in the creels, indicating no evidence of a ‘re baiting’ effect from dead animals. Stress associated with the capture, storage and live transport of creel-caught Nephrops was found to be greatest during the transport process, during which Nephrops are kept out of water for long periods of time. Temperature was particularly important, suggesting cooling prior to and during transport was essential in order to ensure their survival. Reduced salinity was found to be a major source of stress. An assessment of the management measures implemented in the Torridon creel fishery show that escape gaps placed in creels are effective in enabling smaller Nephrops and other bycatch species to escape. Limiting effort of individual fishermen has been successful, but this has been followed by an increase in the number of boats fishing within the area, leading to an overall increase in effort. Management measures (both statutory and voluntary) currently applied in the Torridon area are discussed and considered in relation to other areas. It is concluded that creel fishing areas need to be considered on a case-by-case basis, accounting for biological characteristics of individual stocks, as well as management issues at a local scale. The findings of the present study are discussed in the context of providing a detailed description of the characteristics of the Nephrops creel fishery on the west coast of Scotland. Findings are also discussed in relation to other crustacean creel fisheries, enabling issues directly relevant to the specific fishery to be considered in a much broader context. The present study has been particularly valuable in a wider context, as Nephrops are found in a habitat which is very different from the majority of other commercially exploited crustaceans, and their life history characteristics are also different. This study provides an ideal platform to assess what general principles from other creel fisheries apply to the Nephrops creel fishery, as well as what characteristics are unique to this fishery.
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Baldwin, Jesse H. "Variability in beach topography and forcing along Oak Island, North Carolina." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/baldwinj/jessebaldwin.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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G, Hughes Michael, and Knight Jasper, eds. Introduction to coastal processes & geomorphology. London: Hodder Education., 2011.
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Park, R. A. Potential effects of sea level rise on Washington State wetlands. Olympia, WA: Shorelands and Water Resources Program, Washington Dept. of Ecology, 1997.
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Hall, Noah D. Climate change and Great Lakes water resources. [Ann Arbor, MI: Great Lakes Natural Resource Center, National Wildlife Federation, 2007.
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Lampe, Reinhard. Holocene evolution of the south-western Baltic coast: Geological, archaeological, and palaeo-environmental aspects : field meeting of INQUA Subcommission V, Sea Level Changes and Coastal Evolution, Western Europe, September 22-27, 2002. Greifswald: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Geographisches Institut, 2002.
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High tide on Main Street: Rising sea level and the coming coastal crisis. Boca Raton, FL: Science Bookshelf, 2012.
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Kraus, Nicholas C. Kings Bay coastal and estuarine physical monitoring and evaluation program: Coastal studies : final report. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, 1994.
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Di qiu hai sheng ji nian?: Ji duan qi hou xia de guan jian shi ke = Water Earth. Taibei Shi: Da du hui wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2014.
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Bu zhi Taibei chen mo. Taibei Shi: Da dou hui wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2012.
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Adams, Peter N. Climate change and potential hotspots of coastal erosion along the southern California coast: Final paper. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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Uerpmann, Hans-Peter. "Environmental Aspects of Economic Changes in Troia." In Troia and the Troad, 251–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05308-9_15.
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Guerra, Miriam Tuaty, and Maria Jose Gaudencio. "Aspects of the ecology of Patella spp. on the Portuguese coast." In Long-Term Changes in Coastal Benthic Communities, 57–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4049-9_6.
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Bussotti, F., P. Grossoni, R. Gellini, L. Brogi, I. Calistri, A. Bottacci, M. Ferretti, and E. Cenni. "Aspects of Forest Decline In Tuscany." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 853–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_193.
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Hruska, K. "Italian Chestnut Forests: Anthropic Modifications and Structural Aspects." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 900–901. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_214.
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Kreutzer, K. "Forest Response to a Changing Environment — Central and Northern European Aspects -." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 279–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_25.
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Raj, Nithu, R. A. Rejin Nishkalank, and S. Chrisben Sam. "Coastal Shoreline Changes in Chennai: Environment Impacts and Control Strategies of Southeast Coast, Tamil Nadu." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_223-1.
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Prota, R., G. Delrio, I. Floris, A. Lentini, and P. Luciano. "Entomological Aspects of the Protection of Quercus Suber L. Forests in Sardinia." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 972–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_248.
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Sadki, N. "The Quercus Coccifera L. and Olea Europaea L. Communities in the Algiers Coast Area. Ecology, Phytosociology. Degradation and Preservation Problems." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 894–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_211.
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Alexandrov, Laura, Claudia Coman, Mariana Golumbeanu, Razvan Mateescu, Dan Vasiliu, Daniela Rosioru, Irina Cernisencu, Lucica Tofan, and Valentina Dumitru. "Specificity of Romanian Black Sea Coast Changes Under Climate and Human Impact." In Regional Aspects of Climate-Terrestrial-Hydrologic Interactions in Non-boreal Eastern Europe, 263–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2283-7_28.
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Manivanan, Ramasamy. "Advancement of Technology for Detecting Shoreline Changes in East Coast of India and Comparison with Prototype Behaviour." In Environmental Management and Governance, 313–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06305-8_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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Chen, Z., Marco Venturi, and R. Bijker. "Morphology and Pipeline Design Through a Dynamic Landfall Area: The Black Sea Pipeline Case." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28142.
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The Blue Stream pipeline project is a gas transportation system for the delivery of processed gas from a gas station in the southern Russia across the Black Sea to Ankara, Turkey. The Turkish landfall of the offshore pipeline in the Black Sea is located near Samsun, see Figure 1 for the pipeline route. One of the main aspects of the design of pipeline through a morphologically dynamic area such as landfall is the required burial depth (Chen et al, 1998, 2001 and Bijker et al 1995). The burial depth is the result of an optimisation between: • safety of the pipeline (which often requires a large burial depth), and • environmental impact and trenching costs (a small burial depth means less dredging and less environmental impact). This paper presents a method of predicting the future extremely low seabed level in a morphologically dynamic landfall area, which is required to determine the burial depth of the pipeline. Both short term and long term coast evolution were assessed to quantify the expected lowest seabed level along the pipeline route in the landfall area during the pipeline lifetime of 50 years. The results were used to determine the required pipeline burial depth. The long term morphological changes originate from long term variations in the morphological system (e.g. river input), gradient in the longshore sediment transport and long term variations in the hydrodynamic conditions. The short-term morphological changes originate from beach profile variations due to cross-shore sediment transport as a result of seasonal and yearly variations in the wave and current conditions. Numerical modelling was applied to compute the longshore and cross-shore sediment transport rates and the resulting coastline evolution and cross-shore profile evolution. The longshore transport model was validated using the available data on the coastline changes in the past 20 years, which was derived from the satellite images. The 50-year lowest seabed level has been determined as the sum of the coastline retreat and the cross-shore evolution in the next 50 years.
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Noynaert, L., and I. Verstraeten. "Decommissioning of the BR3 Reactor: Status and Perspectives." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7128.
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The BR3 plant at Mol in Belgium built at the end of the fifties was the first PWR plant built outside the USA. The reactor had a small net power output (10 MWe) but comprised all the loops and features of a commercial PWR plant. The BR3 plant was operated with the main objective of testing advanced PWR fuels under irradiation conditions similar to those encountered in large commercial PWR plants. The reactor was started in 1962 and shut down in 1987 after 25 years of continuous operation. Since 1989, SCK•CEN is decommissioning the BR3 PWR research reactor. The dismantling of the metallic components including reactor pressure vessel and internals is completed and extensively reported in the literature. The dismantling of auxiliary components and the decontamination of parts of the infrastructure are now going on. The decommissioning progress is continuously monitored and costs and strategy are regularly reassessed. The first part of the paper describes the main results and lessons learned from the reassessment exercises performed in 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2007. Impacts of changes in legal framework on the decommissioning costs will be addressed. These changes concern e.g. licensing aspects, clearance levels, waste management… The middle part of the paper discusses the management of activated and/or contaminated concrete. The costing exercise performed in 1995 highlighted that the management of activated and contaminated concrete is the second main cost item after the dismantling of the reactor pressure vessel and internals. Different possible solutions were studied. These are evacuation as radioactive waste with or without supercompaction, recycling this “radioactive” grout or concrete for conditioning of radioactive waste e.g. conditioning of metallic waste. The paper will give the results of the cost-benefit analysis made to select the solution retained. The last part of the paper will discuss the end goal of the decommissioning of the BR3. In the final decommissioning plan approved by ONDRAF/NIRAS, it was mentioned that the final goal of the BR3 decommissioning will be the “green field” unless opportunities for reuse of the BR3 site will occur during decommissioning. A strategy of partial reuse of the BR3 facility is proposed and being discussed with the main stakeholders. The paper will give the present state of the discussion.
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Martz, Merri, and Krey Price. "``Reverse Engineering'': Environmental Aspects of West Coast Dam Removal Projects." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40581(2001)121.
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Greve, Erik, Christoph Rennpferdt, Tobias Hartwich, and Dieter Krause. "Determination of Future Robust Product Features for Modular Product Family Design." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10497.
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Abstract Modular product architecture design allows product variants to be derived with little effort and cost. An essential part of designing modular product architectures is fulfilling customer-relevant product features, which represent the differentiating aspects for the customer and, thus, stand for the economic success of a product variant. However, product features are not only subject to high fluctuations due to changing environmental influences, but are also of varying relevance to customers over time. Not considering these aspects in the development phase can lead to costly changes in the product architecture later on. To counteract this, these two perspectives are merged and a methodical approach is introduced that identifies new product features and analyses their future development in the context of customer benefit. For this purpose, the current and future relevance to customers as well as uncertainties are calculated using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation. The results are consolidated in a visualization and the product features are classified according to their future implementation in robust product architecture. The procedure is explained using the example of a product family of vacuum cleaning robots.
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Ding, Yan, Sung-Chan Kim, Rusty Permenter, Richard Styles, and Jeffrey A. Gebert. "Simulation of Shoreline Changes on the Delaware Coast near the Indian River Inlet." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482971.021.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Orcutt, Adam, and Ashley M. Burkett. "DYNAMIC SEAFLOOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES RECONSTRUCTED FROM FORAMINIFERAL ECOLOGY OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF COAST RICA FROM IODP EXP 344." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-311155.
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Pettitt, Glenn, and Shana Westfall. "The Advantages of Integrating Major Hazard Safety and Impact Assessments for Pipeline Projects." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64370.
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During many years of working on oil and gas pipeline projects, the authors have experienced many occasions where safety and environmental professionals on the same project have conducted assessments without using an integrated approach, often to the detriment of the project. This ‘siloed’ behaviour is evident in the way that safety and environmental teams are often assembled at different times and have little to no interaction. An Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) is used as a key mechanism to identify potential adverse consequences from a pipeline project in terms of unwanted impacts to fauna and flora and local communities. Simultaneously, major hazard studies are carried out for a pipeline project to identify major accident hazards risks to adjacent communities or at above ground installations (AGIs), usually from flammable events due to the transport of natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products. Both the ESHIA and the major accident hazards processes will identify appropriate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the risk from the pipeline system and to manage the potential adverse consequences in the unlikely event of a major accident. Within the scope of many ESHIAs prepared now, there is an assessment of environmental and social impacts from ‘unplanned events’, which essentially are those major hazard events with the potential to cause multiple injuries or fatalities to people in the local community or at AGIs. As such events are likely to have a major consequence to the environment, particularly in the case of crude oil and petroleum products releases, it makes sense for such events to be studied by both safety and environmental professionals using an integrated approach. Such an integrated approach requires collaboration between various professionals from an early point within a project, as there are several different aspects with a pipeline project that will require the assessment of key personnel. For a pipeline project in the design stages, the main points for consideration are as follows: • Construction of the pipeline system, with major disruptions to the local environment from the construction itself (line pipe and AGIs) and due to the logistical requirements (traffic movements, movements of personnel and construction camps, moving major equipment across the world). • Operation of the pipeline system, with potential adverse impacts due to a loss of containment, as has been shown by many accidents in the past (e.g. Ref 1, 2). The key issue here is that the initiating events often remain the same, certainly with regard to operations where the initiating event will be a loss of containment. There may be adverse consequences to people, the biological environment and the physical environment, depending on the location and nature of the incident. For this reason joint participation in the hazard identification (HAZID) process by key safety, social and environmental professionals is considered beneficial to a pipeline project to ensure all potential initiators are included. In this case, the HAZID process would also include an environmental impact identification (ENVID), rather than conducting both processes separately. A major advantage of conducting an integrated approach is the potential cost-savings. By bringing together technical safety and environmental professionals at an early stage of pipeline project design, there is the potential to avoid ‘doubling-up’ on potential issues, as well as conducting two parallel processes that have many similarities. Perhaps more significantly, many potential adverse consequences (environmental, social and safety) can be prevented, controlled or mitigated through their early consideration during project design. Hence, by bringing together these different technical view-points at an early stage of pipeline system design, potential risk reduction options that would be beneficial to people and the environment may be identified. If ESHIA considerations and major accident hazard studies are evaluated in parallel during the early stages of a project (e.g. Appraise or Select), a pipeline project will have more available options to prevent potential impacts. As prevention of hazards is generally more cost-effective than designing in control and mitigation measures (for recovery of an incident), this will have a critical financial benefit. Furthermore, early changes to project design are generally far less costly than changes in the latter stages of a pipeline project; hence, early identification of prevention and risk reduction may be hugely beneficial.
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Ding, Yan, Keh-Chia Yeh, Hung-Kwai Chen, and Sam S. Y. Wang. "Simulations of Morphodynamic Changes Due to Waves and Tides in an Estuary Using CCHE2D-Coast Model." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)102.
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Pace, Stanley, and Arden Walters. "Repowering Fossil Steam Power Plants With Combustion Turbine-Based Technologies." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-020.
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Increased competition fostered by changes in legislation governing power generation entities has engendered a need to closely assess the economics of operating older-electric generating units. Decisions must be made as to whether these units should be retired and replaced with new, greenfield generation capacity, whether capacity should be purchased from other generation companies, or whether such units should be repowered in some way. The repowering alternative has merit when economic factors and environmental considerations show it to project the least cost of electricity over other choices. The chief advantages of repowering, include use of existing real estate and infrastructure, existing transmission facilities and staffing. Since the repowered plant usually emits less stack gas pollutants per unit of energy generated then the original plant, environmental benefits can also accrue. Various types of gas turbine based repowering options for steam electric plants are presented. All the approaches discussed involve the addition of gas turbines to the cycle and the consequent benefit of some form of combined cycle operation. This option includes boiler retirement (and replacement with combined cycle), hot or warm windbox repowering (the boiler is retained and a gas turbine topping cycle is added), feedwater heating repowering (the gas turbine exhaust heats feedwater), and site repowering (only the site infrastructure is re-used as the site for a combined cycle). Business considerations are discussed in terms of their impact on the decision to repower and technology selection. An example involving feedwater heater repowering is used to illustrate the interaction between the business and technical aspects of repowering.
Reports on the topic "Environmental aspects of Coast changes"
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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.
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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.
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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.