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Oliveira Júnior, José Francisco de, Pedro Henrique de Almeida Souza, Edson de Oliveira Souza, Mário Henrique Guilherme dos santos Vanderlei, Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho, Carla Taciane Brasil dos Santos, Bárbara Alves Batista, Dimas de Barros Santiago, and Givanildo de Gois. "Climatologia da Chuva em Maceió: Aspectos Climáticos e Ambientais." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p2253-2264.
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The objectives of the study are: i) to evaluate the climatology of rain in Maceió based on observed data, with emphasis on climatic and environmental aspects and ii) to validate the precipitation product for the municipality. Data from 1979 to 2013 of the precipitation product CHELSA (Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas) were validated by rainfall data from the National Water Agency (NWA) from 1960 to 2016. Statistical indicators showed a high coefficient of determination and linear correlation between CHELSA and observed data (R2 = 0.80; r = 0.89) and the smallest errors (SEE = 6.58 mm and RMSE = 18.76 mm), therefore the CHELSA product can be applied in the region. The time series presented a period 1 (P1) - (1960 to 1989) with rainfall above the historical average and a period 2 (P2) - (1990 to 2016) with a significant reduction in rainfall. Observed data versus climatological normals showed a significant decrease in normal 1 (1961-1990) in the rainy season, while in relation to normal 2 (1981-2010) there was an increase in the months of February, March and April (between 10 to 20%) and October and December (between 5 to 15%). The spatial distribution of monthly rainfall via the CHELSA product showed the formation of a pluviometric gradient between the coast and the upper part of Maceió. The topography influences the rainfall regime in neighborhoods belonging to the administrative regions (AR) - (R4, R5 and R6) with the highest rainfall records. The ENOS phases are directly responsible for the variability of interannual rain, while the decadal variability corresponded to the PDO phase change and changes in land use and occupation in Maceió.
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Idris, Muhamad Kemal, Muqtasidun Hasri, and Wahyu Adi Setyaningsih. "Mapping Monitoring of Environmental Conditions In Cilacap Waters." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v5i1.2838.
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Cilacap waters are said to be busy with sea traffic with many activities being carried out in the Cilacap water area. Environmental monitoring activities are needed to determine the existing conditions in Cilacap waters, in order to support smooth and efficient traffic activities in Cilacap waters. This study uses a method in producing a mapping of environmental conditions, namely by looking at the aspects of changes in coastline, water depth (bathymetry), wind direction, and velocity, as well as models of surface currents speed and direction in Cilacap waters. The results of this study indicate that the environmental conditions in Cilacap waters are still relatively not much different from the conditions in the previous year, namely 2017. The value of modeling ocean currents which are influenced by sea tides and ebbs has a relatively small value with values ranging from 0.1-1.5 m / s with an average speed of 0.4 m / s that occurs in June (east season). In June 2020 the wind in the Cilacap water area blows from the east and southeast with speeds ranging from 2.5 - 7 m / s. The bathymetry measurement results showed a result of less than -2 meters. These results also indicate a relatively gentle seabed slope with a maximum depth of more than -30 meters in Cilacap waters. This clearly shows that the morphology of the coast and the condition of Cilacap waters are not relatively significant, experiencing changes every year.
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Suadi, Suadi, Hery Saksono, and Bambang Triyatmo. "Perception-based Indicator for Sustainability of Shrimp Culture in the Less Favorable Areas at Southern Coast of Yogyakarta." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 21, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.50960.
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Shrimp farming has been introduced since the mid-1980s at the southern coast of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). However, the industry was not well growing in the initial stage. The new shrimp development project also promoted in the early of 2000s, particularly in Jangkaran Village, Subdistrict of Temon, Kulon Progo District and Poncosari Village, Subdistrict of Srandakan, Bantul District, but many of shrimp farms fail because of shrimp diseases, lack of capital to recover and shrimp farming experiences. Recently, the shrimp culture industry experienced rapid expansion along the coast of the two districts. This study aimed to determine the profile and growing of shrimp farming at the southern coast of DIY and to identify the technical aspects, social, and economic indicators of sustainable shrimp culture in the less favorable areas. To identify the sustainability of current shrimp culture, the study develop four indicators consist of technical indicators (6 sub-indicators), economic indicators (9 sub-indicators), social indicators (7 sub-indicators), and environmental indicators (8 sub-indicator). The study was conducted during March to October 2014 by using a combination of literature study and survey at two selected villages: Jangkaran and Poncosari Villages. The total 82 respondents were interviewed; consist of shrimp farmers, coastal communities, community leaders, and local government. The study showed that the rapid growing of shrimp farming were caused by several factors, among others: (1) the existence of technological innovation in shrimp farming in the sandy soil areas, particularly the lower cost in the pond investment and the more easier of seawater collecting; (2) high price and market opportunities of the commodity; and (3) changes in the physical environment due to the threat of coastal erosion which damage the fisher livelihood, thus demanding adaptation strategies. Shrimp farmer in average managed 2,138 m2 and implemented intensive to super intensive cultivation technology, with an average stocking density of 144 shrimp/m2. Production per year in average reaches 25.9 ton/ha and generating revenue of IDR286.544.232 per year. The total cost of production is estimated at IDR210.590.175 per year, and generated a net profit of IDR75.954.057 per year. The perception based indicator of sustainability showed the environmental related issues were in average have a low value. Thus, environmental regulation of aquaculture is an important aspect to be considered in promoting sustainable development of shrimp farming at the southern coast of the province.
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Golik, V. I., Yu V. Dmytrak, V. I. Komashchenko, and Yu I. Razorenov. "Environmental Aspects of Storing Tails of Ore Dressing in a Mountain Region." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-6-35-39.
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The tools for improving the environment state of mining regions is the optimization of mining and technological processes based on an assessment of the state of the natural environment when the technogenic load changes. The mining industry forms tailings storages for the processing of ores, which, in specific mountain conditions, determine the level of environmental impact. Conventional ore processing technologies do not ensure the extraction of metals from tailings of beneficiation to a level that allows them to be used in the national economy. Modernization of beneficating processes is possible using new leaching technologies, for example, processing in disintegrators. The ecological efficiency of waste-free utilization of tailings of beneficiation is achieved with system management of a set of extraction and processing processes taking into account the damage from environmental chemization. The efficiency of utilization of tailings of processing consists of reducing damage from the storage of tailings, the cost of commodity products obtained during processing, as well as reducing the technogenic load on the environment.
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Ferreira Costa, Ingrid, Rogério Aparecido Machado, and Marcio Adriano Andreo. "Chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens and its substitutes in the cosmetic industry." Revista Intertox de Toxicologia, Risco Ambiental e Sociedade 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22280/revintervol12ed2.435.
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As a result of their effectiveness in low concentrations, low cost of synthesizing and not causing alteration in the organoleptic characteristics of the products, parabens are widely used as a preservative in cosmetics. According to studies, these esters have the potential to interfere with the performance of the endocrine system causing changes in hormones activity, as well as represent a hazard to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the main chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens in the cosmetic industry comparing to other preservatives, discussing also the use of plant extracts and essential oils as natural preservatives.
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Jasińska, Elżbieta. "Impact of environmental and climate conditions on the investment potential of real estate in the belt of the Gulf of Gdansk Coast." E3S Web of Conferences 86 (2019): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600013.
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The subject of this publication is to determine what environmental and climatic factors can significantly affect the value of real estate. As a research object, there was chosen area surrounding the Gulf of Gdansk, which, like the entire coast, is attractive for investment and constitutes an interesting object as a space with a special focus on tourism, including short-term rental. Progressing climate change is particularly affecting this sector. It is safe to assume that unfavorable environmental conditions can significantly change the attractiveness of this area. Therefore, the research hypothesis about the correlation between climate aspects distinguishing the coastal belt and the distribution of real estate prices in the selected area has been verified. The area of the Gulf of Gdansk Coast and the technical and protective belt were analyzed. The weather situation on the coast is different from that prevailing in the rest of the country. There are strong and gusty winds, local floods, but at the same time a natural landscape, proximity to the sea and clean, iodized air. Other possible climatic factors have also been tracked, i.e. temperature, sea level and possible changes that may occur over the next years. The analyzes were based on the data of the KLIMAT project entitled "The impact of climate change on the environment, economy and society", and the Government Project KLIMADA and SPA analyzes. An in-depth analysis of the problem of combining planning documents for the maritime sector influencing the Study of Spatial Development of Polish Marine Areas with Local Spatial Management Plans, introduced Flood Risk Maps and Flood Risk Maps was also conducted.
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Akatjevaitė, Simona. "CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN CRISIS ANALYSIS ASPECTS / STATYBOS SEKTORIAUS KRIZĖS ANALIZĖS ASPEKTAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 2 (June 7, 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.026.
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The economic consequence of the crisis has raised new challenges and objectives of the construction sector. Changes in international and local market conditions for construction, construction cost and the decrease promotes analysis of the situation and look for ways to effectively operate in this sector. Worldwide, various construction and real estate sector strategy for dealing with the crisis, the authorities apply the new performance incentive and control systems. The successful construction of a crisis management strategy should be aligned with country-specific economic, political, legal, technological, institutional, social, cultural, ethical and other environmental factors.
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Pellizzari, Franciane, Vanessa Sayuri Osaki, and Michelle C. Santos-Silva. "New records of seaweeds and filamentous cyanobacteria from Trindade Island: an updated checklist to support conservation guidelines and monitoring of environmental changes in the southern Atlantic archipelagos." Scientia Marina 84, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05036.05a.
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Oceanic islands are natural laboratories for investigating species diversity and richness patterns. Changes in abiotic parameters may induce shifts in marine biota. Seaweeds are recognized as bioindicators, though those from remote tropical islands have been rarely studied. This study updates the diversity, richness and distribution of macroalgae from Trindade, a Brazilian volcanic island located 1140 km off the coast. Biotic data, obtained in a global database and in situ and compiled in a new records list, were associated with abiotic parameters. Conservation and ecological issues were discussed in the context of the observed greater richness, expansion of the distributional range and low endemism. A total of 141 species were identified, including 60 new records and 20 taxa of filamentous cyanobacteria. The greater richness, including potential cryptogenic species, may primarily be associated with past incomplete samplings, current new techniques and combined taxonomical methods, including molecular analysis for cryptic species. However, on the macroscale, this study provides information for the re-evaluation of aspects of endemism, connections and biogeographical distribution shifts of seaweed assemblages, considering environmental changes. In addition, this updated checklist establishes a baseline for further comparative studies, reinforcing the hypothesis that biogeographical isolation can be disrupted by meteorological and oceanographic shifts, altering dispersal patterns and resulting in higher ecosystems connectivity.
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Ceccato, Diana, Daniel Bertero, Diego Batlla, and Beatriz Galati. "Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat." Seed Science Research 25, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851500015x.
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AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.
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Tolga. "The Negative Environmental Changes on the Sea and its Impact on the Aspects of Economic, Social and Health of the Fishermen Living in the East Coast Zone of Peninsular Malaysia." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.534.541.
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Rao, S. Krishna, and Yosief Libsekal. "A Megalithic Circle from Ǝmba Dǝrho: Some Significant Aspects of Culture." Aethiopica 7 (October 22, 2012): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.278.
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The archeological evidence of megalithic stone circles at Ǝmba Dǝrho sheds some light on the development of prehistoric religion, with particular regard to death and burial. With the exception of slight changes from the prehistoric era, the material culture of megalithic burial at Ǝmba Dǝrho reflects the prehistoric tradition. It is thus direct proof of an historical continuum of prehistoric religion. An interesting aspect of the finds at Ǝmba Dǝrho concerns the evidence of cowry shells and teeth. The Eastern Cushitic speaking community – the Saho, who claim to have descended from the ʿAfar – trade cowry shells and are involved in certain smuggling activities on the coast with Saudi Arabia. It is therefore logical to assume that the builders of the megalithic circles at Ǝmba Dǝrho may also have been involved in similar activities. The type of pottery found at the burial site suggests it was used by an individual and associated with different routine activities during his lifetime. In Ǝmba Dǝrho two types of megalithic circles were found: single stone circles, and double stone circles (an inner circle within a larger circle); these may have been arranged by two different groups. Such differences, however, could also have been the result of the influence of micro-environmental variations within the same ecological zone. With regard to the ethnicity and origins of megalithic circles, there exists a general disagreement. A few hundred megalithic burial sites were excavated in India. Some scholars suggest they have Celtic or Scythian origins, and others suggest Iranian origins, but it is only a few that emphasize indigenous Dravidian origin on the basis of living megalithic traditions (Deo 1978: 451). With the discovery of megalithic stone circles in Eritrea and other parts of Africa, we now have new examples of indigenous origins reflected in living traditions. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
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Mayans, Juan José, José A. Torrent-Bravo, and Leticia Lopéz. "Energy Use of Mediterranean Forest Biomass in Sustainable Public Heating Systems and its Effects on Climate Change – Case of Study." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34276.
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The municipality of Serra, Valencia, located in the Spanish Mediterranean east coast, covers an area of 5,730 hectares, with 95% of this territory lying within the Sierra Calderona Natural Park and 85% being forest. The main axis of the municipality’s economy has been the construction, reducing the primary sector, resulting in uncontrolled growth of forest and deterioration of the landscape. All this has raised forest fire risk to dangerous levels threatening the natural heritage of Serra and the future of the Serra Calderona Natural Park. The study shows how an adequate model of forest biomass management, through energetic use in sustainable public heating systems, can have positive direct effects in the fight against climate change, considering both economics aspects and environmental effects, and its capacity to contribute to the socioeconomic development of agro forestry regions, fixing its habitants and offering a rural development based on the rational use of their natural resources
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Webb, TH, and SJ Burgham. "Catenary relationships of downland soils derived from loess, South Canterbury, New Zealand." Soil Research 32, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940001.
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Very limited information is available on soil variability within the large soil map units of the loess-mantled downlands of the east coast of South Island, New Zealand. In this study eight profiles were sampled in a catenary transect across a valley to assess the morphological, chemical and particle-size changes both within and between soil profiles for both sunny and shady aspects. Profiles from each landform element had similar sequences of horizons but thickness of horizons varied. Profiles on shoulder slopes had thinnest topsoil and subsoil horizons above underlying fragipans. There was a rapid thickening of topsoils and depth to fragipans immediately below the point of slope inflection between planar midslopes and concave lower slopes. The most striking difference in soil morphology was the overthickened topsoil horizons in footslope sites. This was attributed to effects of cultivation, either directly, through mechanical movement of soil material during cultivation operations, or indirectly, through the promotion of soil erosion. There was no indication of the expected catenary relationship involving translocation of exchangeable bases from upper to lower slopes. Differences in P-retention, KCl-extractable aluminium and clay content were identified in soils with different aspects but were not attributed to climatic differences.
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Variny, Miroslav, Dominika Jediná, Ján Kizek, Peter Illés, Ladislav Lukáč, Ján Janošovský, and Marián Lesný. "An Investigation of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Aspects of Process Heat Source Change in a Refinery." Processes 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110776.
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This study of process heat source change in industrial conditions has been developed to aid engineers and energy managers with working towards sustainable production. It allows for an objective assessment from energetic, environmental, and economic points of view, thereby filling the gap in the systematic approach to this problem. This novel site-wide approach substantially broadens the traditional approach, which is based mostly on “cheaper” and “cleaner” process heat sources’ application and only takes into account local changes, while neglecting the synergic effect on the whole facility’s operations. The mathematical model employed assesses the performance change of all the affected refinery parts. The four proposed aromatic splitting process layouts, serving as a case study, indicate feasible heat and condensate conservation possibilities. Although the estimated investment needed for the most viable layout is over €4.5 million, its implementation could generate benefits of €0.5–1.5 million/year, depending on the fuel and energy prices as well as on the carbon dioxide emissions cost. Its economics is most sensitive to the steam to refinery fuel gas cost ratio, as a 10% change alters the resulting benefit by more than €0.5 million. The pollutant emissions generated in the external power production process contribute significantly to the total emissions balance.
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Rudakova, A. V., D. G. Tolkacheva, and V. D. Sokolova. "Pharmacoeconomic aspects of the therapy for moderate and severe psoriatic arthritis." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 14, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.095.
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Objective: to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment for adult patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with a Russian interleukin- 17А inhibitor netakimab in comparison with other biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) and to evaluate the influence of the inclusion of netakimab in the therapy for PsA on the budget of the Russian healthcare system.Material and methods. The evaluation of cost-effectiveness was performed from the position of the Russian healthcare system for patients with moderate and severe PsA. The evaluation was performed based on the results of the network meta-analysis of the randomized clinical studies. The criterion of clinical effectiveness included the changes in the condition of the joints by the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70) and changes in skin symptoms by the index of the prevalence and severity of psoriasis (PASI 75 and PASI 90) with a recalculation into quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The time horizon of the cost-effectiveness analysis was 2 years. The calculation was based on the registered prices and VAT. If there was an original drug and a biosimilar registered on the pharmaceutical market, the calculation was based on the median of the registered prices. The budget impact analysis of the influence of netakimab inclusion in the therapy for patients with PsA was performed considering the structure of the prescription of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs that was determined in the pharmaco-epidemiological study conducted in the Russian Federation in 2020. The analysis was performed for patients that received medication by the scheme of reimbursement. The time horizon of the study was 3 years old.Results. In the base-case analysis, the cost-effectiveness ratio for netakimab was 1.210 mln rub/QALY (by 66.2–88.5% lower than in cases when comparison drugs were used). The budget impact analysis showed that the inclusion of netakimab in the therapy for PsA could reduce the costs by 376.60 mln rub (21.1%). Considering budget saving, the number of additional patients that can be treated will increase by 26.7% within 3 years.Conclusion. Netakimab is characterized by higher cost-effectiveness in comparison with other bDMARDs (adalimumab, golimumab, guselkumab, ixekizumab, infliximab, secukinumab, ustekinumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept) and tsDMARDs (apremilast, tofacitinib) prescribed in the Russian Federation for patients with PsA. The inclusion of netakimab in the therapy for PsA will reduce the financial burden on the healthcare system.
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Saraswati, Reni Mutiarani. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA TAMARILLO YOGURT DI INSTITUT BIO SCIENTIA INTERNATIONAL INDONESIA." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v2i2.757.
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Tamarillo Yogurt is a healthy drink developed by a group of students at the Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia. After several months of sales trial, the product has received a very good response from customers as well as good sales performance. Based on this, the founder aims to continue expanding their business even though the feasibility of the business is unknown yet. This research aims to analyze the business feasibility of Tamarillo Yogurt product. There will be two aspects of analysis, first is non-financial aspects such as market and marketing, management and organizational, technical, legal, socio-economic and environmental. The second is financial aspects that will use criteria such as NPV, IRR, Benefit/Cost Ratio and Payback Periods. In addition, the research will analyze whether the business is affected by the changes in cost and benefit of producing the products. The data used in the research will be based on primary data and secondary data. Based on financial and non-financial aspects, the result of the study shows that the business is feasible and profitable.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Ali. "An Assessment of Forest Cover Change and Its Driving Forces in the Syrian Coastal Region during a Period of Conflict, 2010 to 2020." Land 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020191.
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In Syria, 76% of the forests are located in the Syrian coast region. This region is witnessing a rapid depletion of forest cover during the conflict that broke out in mid-2011. To date, there have been no studies providing accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of forest change dynamics and the underlying drivers behind this change. In this study, changes in the dynamics of forest cover and its density between 2010 and 2020 were detected and analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat images. This study also analyzed the relationship between changes in forest cover and selected physical and socio-demographic variables associated with the drivers of change. The results revealed that the study area witnessed a significant decrease in the total forest area (31,116.0 ha, 24.3%) accompanied by a considerable decrease in density, as the area of dense forests decreased by 11,778.0 ha (9.2%) between 2010 and 2020. The change in forest cover was driven by a variety of different factors related to the conflict. The main drivers were changes in economic and social activities, extensive exploitation of forest resources, frequent forest fires, and weakness of state institutions in managing natural resources and environmental development. Forest loss was also linked to the expansion of cultivated area, increase in population and urban area. Fluctuating climatic conditions are not a major driver of forest cover dynamics in the study area. This decrease in forest area and density reflects sharp shifts in the natural environment during the study period. In the foreseeable future, it is not possible to determine whether the changes in forest cover and its density will be permanent or temporary. Monitoring changes in forest cover and understanding the driving forces behind this change provides quantitative and qualitative information to improve planning and decision-making. The results of this study may draw the attention of decision-makers to take immediate actions and identify areas of initial intervention to protect current the forests of the Syrian coast region from loss and degradation, as well as develop policies for the sustainable management of forest resources in the long term.
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Katz, H. R. "Wanganui and East Coast Basins - Two of New Zealand's Little Explored Sedimentary Basins." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 3 (June 1988): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600308.
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Of the 5 largest basins, with over 20,000 km and 4 km plus of sediments, only one (Taranaki) has seen more than reconnaissance exploration. The other basins have barely been scratched, with results that in all cases remain inconclusive. There is a wide potential still untested in New Zealand. Two examples are presented: The Wanganui Basin, where the older part of the sequence has never been drilled. Wells were located on buried hills with older sediments onlapping along flanks. There are extensive updip wedgeouts and potential for structural-stratigraphic trap combinations. Aspects of source rock and flushing, while initially thought of as downgrading prospects, may look more favourable upon proper evaluation. East Coast Basin. With very thick. Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments, multiple deformation, local unconformities and facies changes, this is one of the more exiting basins, measuring 40,000-50,000 km2 on and offshore. Oil and gas generation is widespread, source rocks being of Paleocene and Cretaceous age. Potential reservoirs are Cretaceous and Miocene sandstones and Oligocene and Pliocene limestones, the latter of excellent qualities. Lower Tertiary, undercompacted and gas-charged mudstones may be an additional target for gas production. Shale diapirism has contributed widely to structural trap formation. Since 1960, only 14 wells have been drilled, of which I offshore. This amounts to 0.3 wells per 1,000 km2, or 0.6 m/km2.
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Stramska, Malgorzata, and Paulina Aniskiewicz. "Recent Large Scale Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Sea and Their Potential Impacts on Posidonia Oceanica." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020110.
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Climate related changes can have significant effects on Posidonia oceanica, an endemic seagrass species of the Mediterranean Sea (MEDIT). This seagrass is very important for many aspects of functioning of the sea but there is an increasing number of reports about the ongoing loss of its biomass and area coverage. We analysed multiyear data of the sea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomalies, ocean colour MODIS-A and ERA-Interim reanalysis. The results provide a description of current environmental conditions in the MEDIT and their spatial and temporal variability, including long-term trends. We defined regions where the extent of the P. oceanica meadows may be limited by specific environmental conditions. Light limitation is more severe near the northern and western coasts of the MEDIT, where the vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient is large. In the zone extending from the Gulf of Lion towards the south, significant wave heights reach large values. Wave action may destroy the plants and as a result the shallow water depth limit of P. oceanica meadows is most likely deeper here than in other regions. The highest SST values are documented in the south-eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. In this area P. oceanica meadows are more endangered by the climate warming than in other regions where SSTs are lower. The absence of P. oceanica meadows in the south-eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea can be attributed to high temperatures. Our conclusions are partly confirmed by the information about P. oceanica from the literature but more monitoring efforts are needed to fully describe current extent of the meadows and their shifts. Results presented in this paper can help with designing special programs to confirm the role of environmental conditions on the spatial distribution of P. oceanica and their future trends in the Mediterranean Sea.
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McInerney, Paul J., and Gavin N. Rees. "More (or less?) bounce for the ounce: a comparison of environmental DNA and classical approaches for bioassessment." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 6 (2018): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17250.
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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are revolutionising the bioassessment of ecosystems. Herein we use a case study to compare environmental (e)DNA and classical sampling and laboratory identification approaches to assess biotic communities in streams. Both techniques were successful in detecting changes to biotic communities following invasion by a non-native riparian plant. The cost of the eDNA methods was one-sixth that of the classical approach and provided a coarse qualitative assessment of overall eukaryotic structure. Classical macroinvertebrate techniques, although they assess only a subset of eukaryotes, provided high-resolution quantitative information that could be applied to assess functional aspects of the ecosystem. Selection of one method in preference over the other is highly dependent on the nature of the hypothesis to be tested.
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Sheridan, C. M., F. F. Bauer, S. Burton, and L. Lorenzen. "A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0005.
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Wine production in South Africa is delocalised, with numerous small-to-medium sized producers within several regions within the Western Cape. Whilst adapting to new technological changes, producers have to respond to pressure from consumers and governments regarding the environmental consequences of winemaking, especially water usage and pollution. To date, no systematic analysis integrating the various aspects of winemaking in South Africa has been done. This study assessed both physical inputs and outputs. A detailed questionnaire was developed to broadly assess these parameters and was submitted to all cellars in South Africa. Case studies were performed at three cellars during the 2002 harvest season to validate the questionnaires and collect missing information. Based on this, and a cocurrent project, the following parameters were correlated to the tons of grapes presses per annum: effluent parameters which include chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, quantity of effluent; wine produced, water consumed, and electricity consumed. These parameters were used to develop an input/output model. This model may be used by wineries to predict their water and electrical consumption, wine produced and effluent characteristics provided they know the tonnage of grapes pressed per year.
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Colten, Roger H., and Jeanne E. Arnold. "Prehistoric Marine Mammal Hunting on California's Northern Channel Islands." American Antiquity 63, no. 4 (October 1998): 679–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694115.
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Prehistoric marine mammal hunting is of interest to archaeologists worldwide because these animals were exploited by a wide range of coastal societies. Sorting out the roles of particular groups of fauna in prehistoric economies requires detailed attention to the analysis of the entire faunal assemblage. Although marine mammals typically provided large quantities of fat and protein and were desirable prey, they were not always central to the diets of the groups that exploited them, particularly in temperate zones. To evaluate effectively the importance of marine mammal exploitation, scholars should calculate the relative contribution of these animals to the economy, identify changes in hunting techniques, determine the relationship between fauna and other aspects of society, assess changing environmental conditions, and consider alternate explanations for those relationships. A large body of research on the northern Channel Islands of California demonstrates that fishing was relatively more important than marine mammal exploitation in subsistence and in stimulating sociopolitical and technological developments. Recent attempts to credit marine mammal hunting as a driving force in the invention of the plank canoe and the evolution of a chiefdom in the Santa Barbara Channel area misunderstand environmental factors and site histories in this region. Rather than assuming that a pan-Pacific Coast set of traditions existed to exploit these taxa, we see evidence of local and regional differences rooted in variable cultural settings, physiographic and oceanographic conditions, and available technologies. Data from the Santa Barbara Channel are used to explore the relationships among marine mammal use, sociological change, and environmental change.
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Sahraoui, Abdelatif, Makhlouf Derdour, and Bouchra Marzak. "A Multi-Objective ACO to Solve the Daily Carpool Problem." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsita.2018040104.
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In urban areas, the cost of road congestion has paid great attention to the sociological, technological and environmental aspects, such as the optimal route and fuel consumption. This step is towards a smarter vehicle mobility where the travel time will be planned and dynamically adapted to changes with actual status of the traffic flow. In this article a multi-objective ACO algorithm is proposed to solve the daily carpooling problem. In particular, a set of decision variables are proposed in order to minimize three objective functions subject to a set of constraints on these objectives.
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Tymoshenko, Liubov. "Scientific and Practical Procedures of Ensuring the Effectiveness of Environmental Measures during Exploitation of Iron Ore Deposits." Advanced Engineering Forum 22 (May 2017): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.22.160.
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The essence and expediency in the use of partial indicators of economic efficiency evaluation and selection of environmental activities in the development of iron ore deposits in different mining conditions of its exploitation is identified. Methodical approach to economic evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental measures during developing of iron ore deposits by using of index environmental and economic changes level of the environment, specific costs for environmental protection and economic intensity of violations of the environment was improved. The generalized indicator of economic efficiency of production ecologization at enterprises of mining and processing of ore raw materials is grounded. Levels of this indicator by the character of environmental activities of the enterprise, the stability of its interaction with nature and level on environmental-safety, are allocated. The methodical substantiation of evaluation criteria and methods for measuring the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures during exploitation of iron ore deposits and practical aspects of assessing the level of ecologization of open-pit and underground mining in relation to the economy of mining enterprises are given.
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Ross, Carl D., David B. Irvin, and John T. Roth. "Manufacturing Aspects Relating to the Effects of Direct Current on the Tensile Properties of Metals." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 2 (January 18, 2007): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2712470.
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For metals, deformation is commonly conducted at elevated temperatures, reducing the overall process energy and cost. However, elevating the temperature has many drawbacks, including high tool/die adhesions, environmental reactivity, etc. Therefore, this study examines using an electrical current to reduce the deformation energy and presents electricity’s effects on the tensile properties of various materials. The influences of strain rate and cold work are also investigated. The results demonstrate that, when current flows through a metallic specimen, the material’s yield strength, flow stress, and elastic modulus are decreased; strain weakening occurs; and the total energy of deformation is decreased. These changes in the engineering stress-strain behavior occurred in all of the materials tested and are much greater than can be accounted for by resistive heating. However, the effects diminish with increasing strain rate. The analysis shows that applying electricity during deformation provides a viable alternative to increasing the workpiece temperature for deformation-based manufacturing processes.
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Zahir, Ibra Lebbe Mohamed, Buddhika Madurapperuma, Atham Lebbe Iyoob, and Kafoor Nijamir. "Exploring the Ever-Changing Seashore Using Geoinformatics Technology." Earth 2, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2030032.
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Detecting coastal morphodynamics is a crucial task for monitoring shoreline changes and coastal zone management. However, modern technology viz., Geoinformatics paves the way for long-term monitoring and observation with precise output. Therefore, this study aimed to produce explicit shoreline change maps and analyze the historical changes of the coastline at the east coast of the Ampara District in Sri Lanka. The histogram threshold method is used to extract data from satellite images. The time-series satellite images, acquired from 1987 to 2017, toposheet, and Google Earth historical images were compared having adjusted with the ground-truth to find the seashore changes in the study area. The histogram threshold method is used on band 5 (mid-infrared) for separating land from water pixels which means that the water pixel values were classified to one (1) and land pixel values to zero (0). The extracted shoreline vectors were associated with each other to determine the dynamics of changing shoreline of the study area. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was used to find shoreline movements for each period of time. As a result, it was observed by the cross-section analysis within 100 m shoreline—seaward range along the study area—in which severe erosion has occurred northward of the Oluvil Harbor and anomalous accretion southward of the harbor because of the breakwaters constructed in the port entrance which hinder the long shore sediment transport along the study area. This situation has resulted in many ramifications to the coastal zone of the study area in socio-economic and environmental aspects in which the coastal protection mechanisms have not been well implemented to curb such issues.
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Guillou, Nicolas, Jean-Frédéric Charpentier, and Mohamed Benbouzid. "The Tidal Stream Energy Resource of the Fromveur Strait—A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121037.
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Refined assessments of the available tidal stream energy resource are required to optimize turbines design and guarantee successful implementations and operations of devices in the marine environment. Investigations primary focused on identifying areas with maximum current speeds. However, further information may be reached by exhibiting (i) resource temporal variability, (ii) superimposed effects of meteo-oceanographic conditions (including especially wind-generated surface-gravity waves), and (iii) potential environmental impacts of operating turbines at the regional (e.g., changes in sediment transport and surrounding seabed features, effects on marine water quality, etc.) and local (wake-wake interactions and energy output) scales. These aspects are here investigated by reviewing a series of research studies dedicated to the Fromveur Strait off western Brittany, a region with strong potential for tidal array development along the coast of France. Particular attention is dedicated to the exploitation of combined in-situ and remote-sensing observations and numerical simulations. Beyond a site specific characterization of the tidal stream energy resource, this review promotes a series of original approaches and analysis methods for turbines optimization, thus complementing technical specifications to secure the key steps of a tidal energy project and promote the growth of a reliable tidal stream energy exploitation.
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Botsford, Louis W., Matthew D. Holland, John C. Field, and Alan Hastings. "Cohort resonance: a significant component of fluctuations in recruitment, egg production, and catch of fished populations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (April 24, 2014): 2158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu063.
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Abstract Hjort (1914. Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe. Rapport et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil Permanent International pour l'exploration de la Mer, XX: 1–228) identified two important aspects of the early life of fish as being important determinants of fluctuations in year-class strength: changes in nutrition and transport. He dismissed a third possible influence, changes in the abundance of the reproductive stock. Here, we describe how a recently discovered characteristic behaviour of age-structured populations termed cohort resonance, which does involve changes in adult abundance, can have a substantial effect on fluctuations in fished populations. Cohort resonance involves selectively greater sensitivity of age-structured populations to generational frequencies and to very low frequencies in the environmental signal influencing a population. This frequency-dependent selectivity has been shown to increase with fishing, as do the total amounts of variability in recruitment, egg production, and catch. Cohort resonance differs from other recent model mechanisms proposed to explain the observed increase in variability with fishing in that it does not require over-compensatory density-dependence. It stems from the compensatory ascending limb of the egg–recruit relationship, and is a characteristic of a stable population driven by a random environment. We demonstrate the differences in frequency selectivity and increases in variability with fishing among three different Pacific coast species with different longevity: coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch; ∼3 years), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus; ∼25 years), and Pacific Ocean perch (Sebastes alutus; ∼90 years). The shortest lived, coho salmon is the most sensitive to environmental variability, but variability in egg production and catch both increase more rapidly with fishing in the longer-lived species. Understanding cohort resonance will aid in anticipation of predicted potential changes in the frequency content of the physical environment with changing climate (e.g. more frequent El Niños), and it provides a warning regarding the possible confounding of increasing sensitivity to slow change due to fishing with actual slow change of population parameters due to climate change. Our understanding of the role of cohort resonance in population variability will be enhanced by further identification of empirical examples. We describe some of the challenges in this effort.
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Perelet, R. A. "Environmental Issues in a Digital Economy." World of new economy 12, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-4-39-45.
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Digital technologies play a crucial role in achieving the long-term balance between the techno-sphere and the natural environment that is necessary for sustainable development. The digital economy is a relatively new concept in national policymaking, often using such terms as “information economy” (the 1970s), “knowledge economy” and “electronic economy” (the 1980s), “new economy” (the 1990s) or “network economy” and “Internet economy” (the 2000s). While there is no single definition of the digital economy, there is general agreement on some fundamental principles. The basic idea of a digital economy is that products, services, lifelong learning and innovation are made possible by the computerised transfer and processing of modern technology in the context of market globalisation and sustainable development. Sustainable development is largely related to the preservation of the biosphere and natural capital together with the techno-sphere and the socio-sphere. However, in real life, environmental aspects are often overlooked. In recent years, there have been changes in the formation of the economies of countries, especially in strengthening their environmental component. Reducing the cost of sensor technology and the spread of networks allow you to connect each component entering the production process. The data collected through such connections provide an opportunity to know the place of origin of the product, the method of production and the amount of energy spent on its production. Information received on their basis gives to companies, cities and whole countries the opportunity to restore, create, and to relocate these resources more effectively. It is proposed to take into account the impact of the digital economy on the environment. The EU response is increasingly seen as a strong combination of the knowledge economy and the green new deal.
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Черкасова, Антонина, and Antonina Cherkasova. "Adaptation of hotels to changes in competitive environment." Services in Russia and abroad 8, no. 7 (December 10, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7467.
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The paper presents a comprehensive study of the theoretical foundations of hotel enterprises’ adaptation in a competitive environment, including the formulated the concept of adaptation in terms of management. The paper also identifies and describes three aspects of the term "adaptation" in relation to objects of the hospitality industry. The author formulats the concept of adaptive competitive strategies of hotel companies, describes the basic competitive strategy options proposed by M. Porter: absolute cost leadership, differentiation, focus, which, according to the author, are potentially successful. These competitive strategies contribute to a sustainable position of a company in the industry for the long term and to achieve advantages over competitors. The author of the article reveals major shortcomings in the formation of competitive strategies of adaptation for hotel companies and suggests a model for the formation of adaptive competitive strategy facilities for the hospitality industry, which relies on the process approach, including the separation of the primary process into a series of sub-processes that have data inputs and outputs. The use of this model for the formation and adjustment of competitive strategies will allow hotel companies to develop effective adaptation competitive strategies to achieve sustainable and profitable position, enabling to resist to the pressures of the competitive forces that must and can determine the competition in the industry, to provide a rapid response to external hotel business changes and to implement responsive actions, and which also can help existing hotel companies to withdraw from the zone of instability and competitively operate in not always positive environmental conditions and to ensure a competitive advantage and long-term effectiveness of the hospitality market.
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Saraswati, Suprabadevi Ayumayasari, Lumban Nauli Lumban Toruan, Yulianto Suteja, Dadang Karmen, and Putu Eddy Purna Wijaya. "Rob Potential in the Coastal City of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 10, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i3.23463.
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Coastal areas are dynamic and vulnerable to environmental changes, both due to natural processes and human activities, the coastal waters in Kupang City are strategic in supporting the development of the economic sector. Coastal areas have unique characteristics, both in terms of bio-geophysics and social, economic and cultural aspects. Some have a high level of vulnerability to global warming. The high value of vulnerability is inseparable from the geomorphological conditions of Kupang City in the form of sandy beaches and coastal erosion. This condition caused Kupang City to become one of the areas affected by tidal flooding. This research is a preliminary study which aims to determine the potential for rob in the coastal city of East Nusa Tenggara that occurred in February 2014. The impact of the tidal floods submerged residents' houses above the knees of adults as high as 70 cm.. The results of this study were to determine the potential for tidal reoccurrence in the city of Kupang, NTT based on tidal forecasting data. Based on the results of the analysis using the Admiralty method, it was found that the Formzhal (F) value for the coast of Kupang City was 25.82, the position of the lowest water level at Oesapa 2 Beach was 206.9 cm, while the sea level elevation position reached the highest peak on Kelapa Lima 2 Beach, namely 478, 5 cm. The value of the harmonic analysis results from the coastal area of Kupang City has HHWL (Highest High Water Level) which is 340.09 cm, the MSL (Mean Sea Level) value is 212.07 cm, and LLWL (Lowest Low Water Level) is 73.36 cm based on these results. The Kupang coast has the potential for tidal flooding.
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García-López, Marcos, Joaquín Melgarejo, and Borja Montano. "The Financing of Wastewater Treatment and the Balance of Payments for Water Services: Evidence from Municipalities in the Region of Valencia." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115874.
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Pollution from wastewater discharges requires the treatment of all wastewater to maintain water bodies in good condition, as well as the possibility of reusing this water. Thus, wastewater treatment is an activity that has developed significantly in the Region of Valencia and has significant costs, including energy, which represents the main economic cost and an important environmental cost. In this way, efficiency and adequate financing of this activity are essential to minimise our environmental impact. However, the main funding tool currently does not allow us to address this issue, so we have a wastewater treatment with a high environmental cost in the form of greenhouse gas emissions. This tool is part of the revenues of water services, so it is not entirely independent, but it also seeks to prevent households from paying too high a total price. This leads to a situation where changes are needed to improve the financing of the different water services, as the financial resources obtained are insufficient and do not allow the current environmental problems to be solved. The analysis shows the importance of an appropriate tariff structure, as well as the need to include aspects such as water pollution and energy costs in the wastewater treatment tariff.
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Krivenko, Natalya, and Daria Epaneshnikova. "Aspects of healthcare efficiency in the framework of ensuring the longevity of the population and socio-demographic security of the region." BIO Web of Conferences 22 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202201010.
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The article considers modern demographic trends, in the conditions of medical care cost increasing and aging of the population. The expediency of studying aspects of health care efficiency is justified. The relationship and mutual influence of changes in the country’s economy and changes in the health care system are revealed. The problems of preserving the health of the population are considered comprehensively, taking into account the influence of environmental factors, behavioral factors and attitudes to human health, the effectiveness of public policy implementation and the effectiveness of the health system. An integrative model for evaluating the effectiveness of regional health care is proposed based on an integrated approach aimed at improving the population health and ensuring social and demographic security of the region. The integrative model is adapted on the example of the Sverdlovsk region. In dynamics for 2008-2018, improved medical and demographic indicators and high effects were achieved as a result of comprehensive measures to neutralize factors that have a negative impact on the health of the population, promotion and implementation of healthy lifestyle, strengthening state support for the industry, and the successful functioning of regional health care.
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Magrini, Chiara, Giovanni Biagini, Francesca Bellaera, Leonardo Palumbo, and Alessandra Bonoli. "EVOLUTION OF THE URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE EMILIA-ROMAGNA REGION." Detritus, no. 15 (May 27, 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.14085.
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This multidisciplinary study aims to analyse how the urban waste management system has changed in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, during the decade in which a single regional regulatory unit, the Emilia-Romagna Territorial Agency for Water and Waste Services (ATERSIR), was established and became operational, and the waste management planning was centralized at regional level. Particularly, the following changes have been analysed: i) the methods of municipal waste management (WM), considering waste generation, separate waste collection and waste treatment; ii) the costs of WM service, with a focus on cost of treatment and disposal of unsorted waste; and iii) the urban solid WM policies, in terms of levels of governance, territorial planning and implementation of policies on the regional territory. The period within which the analysis was carried out covers the years from 2008 to 2018, comparing two time frames, before and after ATERSIR establishment. Data at municipal level were gathered and analysed. The results of the technical, economical and institutional assessment show that relevant benefits occurred, such as a constant improvement of environmental performances, the optimisation of the waste flows to plants, a higher level of uniformity of WM cost among Municipalities and a better quality of data collected from waste providers for the technical and economic regulation of the sector. Potential improvements are identified, whilst the institutional reform is positively evaluated in all the analysed aspects.
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Khakzad, Hamid. "Application of fuzzy cognitive map-based TRIZ inventive principles for sustainable sediment management in dam reservoirs." H2Open Journal 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2019.009.
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Abstract The present paper contributes to the development and discussion on fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)-based theory for inventive problem solving (TRIZ) for sustainable sediment management in reservoirs. FCM combines aspects of fuzzy logic, neural networks, semantic networks, expert systems, and nonlinear dynamical systems. TRIZ is a constructive methodology that includes practically reproducible models and methods that allow the development of new inventions as well as the teaching of the process, the models, and the methods of creating inventions. A proposed approach in this paper is an improvement methodology that is designed to bring about rapid improvements/changes to processes by defining and implementing the changes that can be quickly identified and easily implemented, thereby reducing the cost and time to bring about improvement and change in reservoirs. Results of this study provide a road map for how to introduce FCM and TRIZ into local sustainable sediment management with consideration of technical and executive requirements, economic factors, social welfare, and environmental impacts.
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Chukwura, Chizoba L., Theresa Jackson Santo, Clarice N. Waters, and Anne Andrews. "‘Nutrition is out of our control’: soldiers’ perceptions of their local food environment." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 15 (June 21, 2019): 2766–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001381.
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AbstractObjective:To explore the perceptions of soldiers participating in a US Army Office of The Surgeon General’s worksite health promotion programme (WHPP) on the local food environment within their campus-style workplace.Design:Focus groups were conducted to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of the WHPP implementation. Further exploration of focus group data through thematic analysis focused on perceived contributions of the military campus-style food environment to soldiers’ nutrition behaviours.Setting:Three US Army installations located in the continental USA.Participants:Active duty soldiers (n 366) participating in one of the fifty-eight focus groups.Results:Soldiers shared a common belief of self-discipline and personal responsibility as the foothold to nutrition behaviour change. Soldiers described aspects of the military campus-style food environment as factors impeding achievement of optimal nutrition. Collectively, soldiers perceived the proximity and density of fast-food restaurants, lack of healthy alternatives on the installation and the cost of healthy food as inhibitors to choosing healthy foods. Overwhelmingly, soldiers also perceived time constraints as a factor contributing to unhealthy food choices.Conclusions:Although nutrition behaviour is individually driven, soldiers perceived the military campus-style food environment inhibits healthy decision making. Nutrition programming in military WHPP must integrate food environment changes to improve soldiers’ nutrition behaviour outcomes. Applicable to the military, food choice behaviour studies suggest environmental changes must be appealing to young adults. Considerations for environmental changes should include an increased portion size for healthy options, broadened use of soldiers’ daily food allowances on local produce and increased availability of grab-and-go options.
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LEWIS, DENISE C. "Types, meanings and ambivalence in intergenerational exchanges among Cambodian refugee families in the United States." Ageing and Society 28, no. 5 (July 2008): 693–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x08007034.
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ABSTRACTThis article aims to answer the following question: how have refugee families in the United States (US) modified attitudes and behaviours surrounding intergenerational exchanges within the context of filial piety? This research reports on one 31-member extended family in a community of Cambodian refugee families living along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The family members in this study have changed types, found new meanings in, and are often ambivalent about, intergenerational exchanges. Moreover, they have held onto those aspects of Cambodian culture that were considered essential, such as filial piety and elder reverence, while adapting and redefining types and meanings of intergenerational exchanges the better to reflect their current lives in the United States. These findings illuminate ways in which changed life circumstances and cultural transitions shaped attitudes, preferences and behavioural patterns associated with intergenerational exchanges. The findings also show how and why refugee families have negotiated and modified their beliefs and behaviours surrounding intergenerational exchanges in the context of massive social and cultural disruption.
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Santos, Paulo Sergio dos, Eduardo Rodrigues dos Santos, Marcelo Dos Santos Targa, Celso De Souza Catelani, Nelson Wellausen Dias, and Marcia Eliza de Godoi dos Santos. "Overflow risk analysis on the Presidente Dutra highway using the quota-volume curve in the Una River Basin in Taubaté, SP, Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 7 (December 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2580.
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Anthropic interventions and vectors of urban occupation have caused changes in the infiltration and runoff regime that can cause or accelerate erosion processes, silting and flooding in river basins. Flooding, as a stochastic phenomenon, can occur at any time and in any place, influenced by climatic factors, physical characteristics of the basin and mainly by human interference in the use and occupation of the land, which affects the type, quality and quantity of vegetation and increases soil impermeability. The aspects of regional urbanization led the State in 2012 to create the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba and the North Coast (RMVPLN), attracting large real estate investors. In the hydrographic basin of the river Una in the municipality of Taubaté, there has been an increase in flooding episodes and the possibility of worsening due to changes in land use and occupation. In this study, we sought to determine runoff as a function of changes in land use and occupation expressed by the variation in runoff coefficient (C) recommended by the Department of Water and Electricity of the State of São Paulo, (DAEE-SP) for licensing and intervention projects in water resources. The lower limits C = 0.35 and upper C = 0.70 were used admitting variations of 0.05 points in this interval to calculate the water flow (QE) and Intake Volumes (VE) in the basin from an intense precipitation of 100 years of recurrence time, from the use of the UEHARA Method (DAEE, 2006), to the control point located at the intersection of the Una River and the Presidente Eurico Gaspar Dutra Highway (BR 116-SP) and from this the Quota-Volume curve was drawn. The flood shares were obtained by hitting the reserve volumes found on the quota-volume curve.The current runoff coefficient of the basin is C = 0.35, which allows water to pass through the Dutra highway bridge. However, the modification of C = 0.50 due to the advance of urbanization, the level of flooding would reach 557.40 m. That exceeds the level of the lower base of the bridge (556.72 m) and, with C = 0.60, would reach the quota of 558.90 m, which would cover the asphalt surface of the highway. Given the real estate pressures in the metropolitan region, special care is recommended in the conservation, preservation and expansion of native forest vegetation with actions for Payments for Environmental Services (PSAs), de-silting actions of the main gutter and Una's tributaries, to contain the identified advance of urbanization in the basin, as well as the definition and installation of detention and retention basins.
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Mladenov, Velimir, Vasileios Fotopoulos, Eirini Kaiserli, Erna Karalija, Stephane Maury, Miroslav Baranek, Na'ama Segal, et al. "Deciphering the Epigenetic Alphabet Involved in Transgenerational Stress Memory in Crops." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137118.
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Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation to rapid climate change, it is unclear which epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore transmitted to their progeny. The identification of epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the next generations is of primary importance for their use in breeding and for the development of new cultivars with a broad-spectrum of tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects of plant responses to environmental stresses and provide an overview of recent findings on the role of transgenerational epigenetic modifications in crops. In addition, we take the opportunity to describe the aims of EPI-CATCH, an international COST action consortium composed by researchers from 28 countries. The aim of this COST action launched in 2020 is: (1) to define standardized pipelines and methods used in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in plants, (2) update, share, and exchange findings in epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in plants, (3) develop new concepts and frontiers in plant epigenetics and epigenomics, (4) enhance dissemination, communication, and transfer of knowledge in plant epigenetics and epigenomics.
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Joly, Daniel, and Thierry Brossard. "Contribution of environmental factors to temperature distribution at different resolution levels on the forefield of the Loven Glaciers, Svalbard." Polar Record 43, no. 4 (October 2007): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740700678x.
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ABSTRACTThe climate and its components (temperature and precipitation) are organised according to different spatial scales that are structured hierarchically. The aim of this paper is to explore the dependence between temperature and deterministic factors at different scales on a 10 km2 study area on the northwestern coast of Svalbard. A GIS was developed which contained three sources of information: temperature, remotely sensed imagery and digital elevation models (DEM), and derived raster data layers. The first layer, temperatures, was acquired at regularly observed temporal intervals from 53 stations. The second layer comprised remotely sensed images (aerial photography and SPOT imagery) and DEM data at 2 m and 20 m resolution, respectively. From these, a windowing procedure was applied to derive several spatial subsets of different spatial resolutions (6, 14, 30, 60, 140, and 300 m). The third layer comprised slope, aspect, and a theoretical solar radiation value derived from the DEM, and a vegetation index derived from the remotely sensed imagery. Linear regressions were then systematically conducted on the datasets, with temperature as the dependent variable, and each of the other data layers as the independent variables. By using graphical analysis, we link the correlation coefficients obtained for each factor, from the smallest spatial resolution (6 m) to the largest resolution (300 m). The results indicated that each explanatory variable and scale brings a specific contribution to changes in temperature. For example, the effect of elevation remains constant for all spatial resolutions, reflecting a quasi ‘non-scalar’ pattern of this variable. For other variables however, the effect of spatial scale can have a strong effect. In the case of solar radiation, a maximum of explanation was obtained for spatial resolutions of 14 m and 60 m; for vegetation index the optimum contribution was related to the 300 m resolution. Thus, different environment characteristics may have significant effects on changes in temperature when differences in spatial scale are taken into account.
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Abidin, H. Z., H. Andreas, I. Gumilar, and J. J. Brinkman. "Study on the risk and impacts of land subsidence in Jakarta." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-115-2015.
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Abstract. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia located in the west-northern coast of Java island, within a deltaic plain and passes by 13 natural and artificial rivers. This megapolitan has a population of about 10.2 million people inhabiting an area of about 660 km2, with relatively rapid urban development. It has been reported for many years that several places in Jakarta are subsiding at different rates. The main causative factors of land subsidence in Jakarta are most probably excessive groundwater extraction, load of constructions (i.e., settlement of high compressibility soil), and natural consolidation of alluvial soil. Land subsidence in Jakarta has been studied using leveling surveys, GPS surveys, InSAR and Geometric-Historic techniques. The results obtained from leveling surveys, GPS surveys and InSAR technique over the period between 1974 and 2010 show that land subsidence in Jakarta has spatial and temporal variations with typical rates of about 3–10 cm year−1. Rapid urban development, relatively young alluvium soil, and relatively weak mitigation and adapatation initiatives, are risk increasing factors of land subsidence in Jakarta. The subsidence impacts can be seen already in the field in forms of cracking and damage of housing, buildings and infrastructure; wider expansion of (riverine and coastal) flooding areas, malfunction of drainage system, changes in river canal and drain flow systems and increased inland sea water intrusion. These impacts can be categorized into infrastructural, environmental, economic and social impacts. The risk and impacts of land subsidence in Jakarta and their related aspects are discussed in this paper.
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Beceiro, Paula, Ana Galvão, and Rita Salgado Brito. "Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 10040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310040.
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Cities face unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social, and spatial challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) is becoming more relevant in cities to improve urban resilience and to cope with climate change. NBS represent cost effective solutions that simultaneously provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. A comprehensive and multi-dimension Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution to urban resilience, focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was developed. This RAF is aligned with the RESCCUE RAF and the main assessment frameworks focused on NBS and urban resilience. This RAF for NBS is driven by the definition of resilience objectives and is able to evaluate short- and long-term changes, considering a comprehensive definition of the urban resilience and addressing the environmental, social, and economic capabilities. Regarding the initial resilience maturity and the available information in the city, three analysis degrees were proposed for the RAF application, namely, the essential, complementary, and comprehensive degrees, for which a pre-defined selection of metrics is proposed. This paper aims to present the application of the RAF essential analysis degree and its extensive validation regarding cities with different resilience maturity and available information. The application to seven cities with different resilience and NBS challenges allowed an in-depth validation of the pre-defined metrics included in the RAF essential analysis. In this sense, the analysis of the resilience maturity of the participating cities is presented, the main challenges and consolidated aspects in the cities are identified, and the cities ready to apply the complementary analysis degree are recognized. To conclude, to validate the essential analysis degree, the assessment of the main requirements of the RAF for NBS are verified, based on the RAF metrics results for the cities. In this light, the main requirements of the RAF for NBS were aggregated in three main categories, namely, NBS aspects, resilience capabilities, and the performance, risk and cost analysis.
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Komiewicz, Denise M., Nantiya Chookaew, Maher El-Masri, Kim Mudd, and Mary Elizabeth Bollinger. "Conversion to Low-Protein, Powder-Free Surgical Gloves: Is it Worth the Cost?" AAOHN Journal 53, no. 9 (September 2005): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990505300904.
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This study was conducted to determine changes in overall costs associated with conversion to powder-free gloves including cost of workers' compensation cases for natural rubber latex (NRL)-related symptoms and health care workers' glove satisfaction. The study, a 2–year, longitudinal design with retrospective and prospective aspects, was developed to determine health care worker use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves, sensitization, cost, and glove satisfaction. Informed consent was obtained from 103 health care workers. Prior to glove conversion, nearly one-half (44%, 36 of 82) of the operating room staff reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. At the end of the 14–month data collection period, only 27% (22 of 82, McNemar test = .007) reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. Additionally, a cost savings of $10,000 per year for gloves was evident with reports of increased user satisfaction. This study demonstrated that conversion to the use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves not only reduces health care worker NRL symptoms, but also positively affects the costs of glove purchases and workers' compensation.
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Zhang, Ronggang, Ching-Cheng Lu, Jen-Hui Lee, Ying Feng, and Yung-Ho Chiu. "Dynamic Environmental Efficiency Assessment of Industrial Water Pollution." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 3053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113053.
Full textAbstract:
In the face of severe water pollution, all provinces and cities in China have actively invested in water environment management funds driven by the goals of national energy conservation and emissions reduction. However, due to differences in natural environment, economic and technological levels, industrial structure, and other aspects in provinces and cities, their water environment management effects are also different across time and space. Under economic development and environmental regulation policies, it can be seen that the change in industrial GDP is not completely consistent with that of industrial wastewater discharge. How to improve desirable outputs and reduce undesirable outputs under the limited investment in water pollution control are key issues when investigating the efficiency of industrial water pollution control. This study uses the Dynamic SBM (Slacks-Based Measure) model to assess wastewater resources for research samples covering the 30 regions of China. There are two output variables, two input variables, and one carry-over variable. The output variables are industrial wastewater treatment and industrial output, the two input variables are industrial water consumption and facility operation cost, and the carry-over variable is industrial waste. This study concludes with implications for theory research, as these variables may lead to a better understanding and merging with the input variables, output variables, and carry-over variable of recent studies. The empirical results show that from the efficiency rank changes of the 30 regions for 2011–2015, regions with higher industrial output do not appear to have improved versus other regions, such as for Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Qinghai, and Zhejiang. The 30 regions’ efficiency scores show some volatility, with 13 regions’ efficiency score volatility clustering close to 0, like Beijing, Chongqing, Shandong, Guangdong, and Sichuan. In contrast, for Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, and Xinjiang, their efficiency scores fell more than other regions in this period and thus should adjust their input/output variables to increase their efficiency scores. This study further presents that many lower-/middle-/high-industrial output regions do not achieve a balance between industrial output and industrial wastewater treatment. How to find a balance between these two factors for any region is a vitally important issue for industrial wastewater treatment policy makers. Under such a circumstance, an industrial output region may not actually be highly efficient at doing this.
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Macieira, Mónica, Paulo Mendonça, and João Miranda Guedes. "Membrane Sunspace for Old Buildings Refurbishment: Environmental Impact, Economic and Building Technology's Comparison to Conventional Solutions." MATEC Web of Conferences 278 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927804002.
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This study presents a state of the art and design proposal for membrane sunspaces, as alternative to conventional ones, in glass, commonly used in the functional refurbishment of old buildings. Sunspaces are passive solar systems that can be easily integrated in existing buildings. Enclosing balconies with glazing has an impact on existing building functional performance (useful area, thermal performance and acoustic improvement) and it may even postpone the renovation need of the intervened building. However, inevitably, many of old buildings are located in areas with access restrictions and other physical constraints on the movement of materials, components and equipment - that limits its construction and maintenance processes and thus demand for alternative solutions. Glass is being applied in all types of sunspaces, so architects and engineers take for granted that it has to be inevitably used. However, a major weakness of glass is its weight and cost, specially associated with installation complexity, framing systems and accessories needed. The fact that membrane requires less substructure, changes the architectural approach - giving more freedom to design options. Membrane construction technology and installation process could be a practical alternative to traditional construction methods for closing balconies in old buildings. For this research, a full-scale Membrane Alternative Sunspace prototype was implemented into an old building (taken as case study) to evaluate the real construction process aspects and compare it with the common glazed solutions. Results were examined from an environmental, economic and building technology's point of view - regarding production, construction and maintenance phases.
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Kyriazis, Vassilios, and Margaret Tzaphlidou. "Skeletal Calcium/Phosphorus Ratio Measuring Techniques and Results. I. Microscopy and Microtomography." Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.200.
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An approach to the problem of bone disorders is the measurement of the skeleton's static and dynamic strength, an estimate of which is bone mineral density. A decrease in the latter may be due to a decrease in either Ca or P, or to dissimilar decreases in both. Consequently, the determination of the Ca/P ratio may provide a sensitive measure of bone mineral changes and may add to our understanding of the changes occurring in bone diseases. This paper reviews techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro-computed tomography (μu-CT), which have been developed for thein vitroassessment of the Ca,P content and the skeletal Ca/P ratio. Their main aspects are presented, as much as results regarding the referred values. The presentation of otherin vitroorin vivotechniques, such as instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or X-ray absorptiometry accordingly, would be the issue of another article. The authors argue that the choice of the best technique relies on its cost ad ease of applicability, its reliability, and precision.
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Arcana, Komang Trisna Pratiwi, and Kadek Wiweka. "THE PERCEPTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY TOWARD TOURIST ACCOMMODATION DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDY: VILLAGE OF SEMINYAK, BALI." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v2i1.79.
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The growth of tourism accommodation (villa) in the district of Kuta Utara, which is so rapid and uncontrolled, tends to have raised some concerns on the impact that may arise (socio-cultural, environmental and economic). The gap between benefit and cost of the phenomenon raises the question of how perception, response, changes the behavior of the culture and mindset of the local community towards the development of their area travel accommodation. To examine the case, this study combines the two forms of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies (multi-method). The qualitative methods done by observing a research site to see the behavior of local people in the village of Seminyak and informal talks (interview) that is guided by an interview guidelines related to the perception of the local community, the village headman, and the managers of accommodation (villa). While quantitative methods conducted by distributing questionnaires to local communities (90 respondents) were selected randomly. The result of this study is the public response to the development of the accommodation is in the phase of “Euphoria”. It is seen from some of the symptoms, which generally public responses tend to more focus on the advantage of the economic aspects and as if the exclusion of other effects that arise as the socio-cultural and environmental.
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Rafailov, Mikhail, and Vladimir Morkovin. "ZERO VALUE OF FOREST RESOURCE." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 4 (January 31, 2021): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-8-4-149-157.
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The article examines the current approaches in the domestic forestry economy to determine the price of forest resources. The analysis of the pricing system in the Russian Federation and a number of foreign multi-forest countries with similar climatic and forest conditions is presented.
The work reflects global trends and challenges that necessitate a revision of the pricing system for wood from forest plantations. Emphasis is laid on the main points of the Paris Agreement and the carbon tax, since these aspects are now becoming more and more relevant in the strategic planning of state forest management and industrial policy on the world stage.
An approach to assessing forest resources is proposed, taking into account new challenges in the socio-economic and environmental spheres.
A formula for the zero cost of a forest resource is given, which depends not only on the factors of the classical economic theory of supply and demand, but also on the factors of changes in the demand of future periods, the transformation of its conjuncture or a fundamental change up to extinction, tending to zero, as well as the social and environmental needs of the population for not raw materials and services of the forest ecosystem.
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Pazzaglia, Jessica, Hung Manh Nguyen, Alex Santillán-Sarmiento, Miriam Ruocco, Emanuela Dattolo, Lázaro Marín-Guirao, and Gabriele Procaccini. "The Genetic Component of Seagrass Restoration: What We Know and the Way Forwards." Water 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060829.
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Seagrasses are marine flowering plants providing key ecological services and functions in coasts and estuaries across the globe. Increased environmental changes fueled by human activities are affecting their existence, compromising natural habitats and ecosystems’ biodiversity and functioning. In this context, restoration of disturbed seagrass environments has become a worldwide priority to reverse ecosystem degradation and to recover ecosystem functionality and associated services. Despite the proven importance of genetic research to perform successful restoration projects, this aspect has often been overlooked in seagrass restoration. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive perspective of genetic aspects related to seagrass restoration. To this end, we first reviewed the importance of studying the genetic diversity and population structure of target seagrass populations; then, we discussed the pros and cons of different approaches used to restore and/or reinforce degraded populations. In general, the collection of genetic information and the development of connectivity maps are critical steps for any seagrass restoration activity. Traditionally, the selection of donor population preferred the use of local gene pools, thought to be the best adapted to current conditions. However, in the face of rapid ocean changes, alternative approaches such as the use of climate-adjusted or admixture genotypes might provide more sustainable options to secure the survival of restored meadows. Also, we discussed different transplantation strategies applied in seagrasses and emphasized the importance of long-term seagrass monitoring in restoration. The newly developed information on epigenetics as well as the application of assisted evolution strategies were also explored. Finally, a view of legal and ethical issues related to national and international restoration management is included, highlighting improvements and potential new directions to integrate with the genetic assessment. We concluded that a good restoration effort should incorporate: (1) a good understanding of the genetic structure of both donors and populations being restored; (2) the analysis of local environmental conditions and disturbances that affect the site to be restored; (3) the analysis of local adaptation constraints influencing the performances of donor populations and native plants; (4) the integration of distribution/connectivity maps with genetic information and environmental factors relative to the target seagrass populations; (5) the planning of long-term monitoring programs to assess the performance of the restored populations. The inclusion of epigenetic knowledge and the development of assisted evolution programs are strongly hoped for the future.
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Amiri, Ali, Juudit Ottelin, Jaana Sorvari, and Seppo Junnila. "Economic and Technical Considerations in Pursuing Green Building Certification: A Case Study from Iran." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020719.
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Buildings use 30–40% of all energy resources and are thus the main consumers in modern society. Moreover, buildings require a vast amount of different raw materials. During the last two decades, several green building certifications have been created in order to consider the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the sustainability of buildings. One of the most famous and widely used of these certifications is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). So far, the use of LEED has concentrated in the US and other developed countries. One reason that restricts the use of this point-based system certification in developing countries is the limited data about its costs. In this study, the extra cost of the certification process were evaluated, besides the changes needed in the design of the building to reach the points required by LEED. At the first stage, the number of points the case study earns in its current format (Scenario 1) were assessed, then the cost difference of getting either the Certified (Scenario 2) or Silver (Scenario 3) level LEED certification for the building was studied. It was found that besides some technical considerations, filling the criteria of the Certified and Silver level increases the total costs of construction by 3.4% and 5.9%, respectively. Further improvement of the building’s energy efficiency would enable the attainment of a higher-level certification. The results of the study could help to promote the use of green building certifications in Western Asia.