Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Cyclones

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Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Cyclones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

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Chen, Rui, Weimin Zhang, and Xiang Wang. "Machine Learning in Tropical Cyclone Forecast Modeling: A Review." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070676.

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Tropical cyclones have always been a concern of meteorologists, and there are many studies regarding the axisymmetric structures, dynamic mechanisms, and forecasting techniques from the past 100 years. This research demonstrates the ongoing progress as well as the many remaining problems. Machine learning, as a means of artificial intelligence, has been certified by many researchers as being able to provide a new way to solve the bottlenecks of tropical cyclone forecasts, whether using a pure data-driven model or improving numerical models by incorporating machine learning. Through summarizing and analyzing the challenges of tropical cyclone forecasts in recent years and successful cases of machine learning methods in these aspects, this review introduces progress based on machine learning in genesis forecasts, track forecasts, intensity forecasts, extreme weather forecasts associated with tropical cyclones (such as strong winds and rainstorms, and their disastrous impacts), and storm surge forecasts, as well as in improving numerical forecast models. All of these can be regarded as both an opportunity and a challenge. The opportunity is that at present, the potential of machine learning has not been completely exploited, and a large amount of multi-source data have also not been fully utilized to improve the accuracy of tropical cyclone forecasting. The challenge is that the predictable period and stability of tropical cyclone prediction can be difficult to guarantee, because tropical cyclones are different from normal weather phenomena and oceanographic processes and they have complex dynamic mechanisms and are easily influenced by many factors.
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Terry, JP, and G. Gienko. "Climatological aspects of South Pacific tropical cyclones, based on analysis of the RSMC-Nadi (Fiji) regional archive." Climate Research 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00912.

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Mylonas, Markos, Kostas Douvis, Iliana Polychroni, Nadia Politi, and Panagiotis Nastos. "Analysis of a Mediterranean Tropical-Like Cyclone. Sensitivity to WRF Parameterizations and Horizontal Resolution." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080425.

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Due to their rarity and intensity, Mediterranean Tropical-Like Cyclones (TLCs; also known as medicanes) have been a subject of study over the last decades and lately the interest has undoubtedly grown. The current study investigates a well-documented TLC event crossed south Sicily on November 7–8, 2014 and the added value of higher spatial horizontal resolution through a physics parameterization sensitivity analysis. For this purpose, Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.9) is used to dynamically downscale ECMWF Re-Analysis (version 5) (ERA5) reanalysis 31 km spatial resolution to 16 km and 4 km, as parent and inner domain, respectively. In order to increase the variability and disparity of the results, spectral nudging was implemented on both domains and the outputs were compared against satellite observations and ground-based stations. Although, the study produces mixed results, there is a clear indication that the increase of resolution benefits specific aspects of the cyclone, while it deteriorates others, based on both ground and upper air analyses. The sensitivity of the parent domain displays an overall weak variability while the simulations demonstrate a positive time-lag predicting a less symmetric cyclone with weak warm core. On the contrary, inner domain analysis shows stronger variability between the model simulations reproducing more distinct clear tropical characteristics with less delayed TLC development for most of the experiments.
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Pytharoulis, Ioannis, Stergios Kartsios, Ioannis Tegoulias, Haralambos Feidas, Mario Miglietta, Ioannis Matsangouras, and Theodore Karacostas. "Sensitivity of a Mediterranean Tropical-Like Cyclone to Physical Parameterizations." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110436.

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The accurate prediction of Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones, or medicanes, is an important challenge for numerical weather prediction models due to their significant adverse impact on the environment, life, and property. The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of an intense medicane, which formed south of Sicily on 7 November 2014, to the microphysical, cumulus, and boundary/surface layer schemes. The non-hydrostatic Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.7.1) is employed. A symmetric cyclone with a deep warm core, corresponding to a medicane, develops in all of the experiments, except for the one with the Thompson microphysics. There is a significant sensitivity of different aspects of the simulated medicane to the physical parameterizations. Its intensity is mainly influenced by the boundary/surface layer scheme, while its track is mainly influenced by the representation of cumulus convection, and its duration is mainly influenced by microphysical parameterization. The modification of the drag coefficient and the roughness lengths of heat and moisture seems to improve its intensity, track, and duration. The parameterization of shallow convection, with explicitly resolved deep convection, results in a weaker medicane with a shorter lifetime. An optimum combination of physical parameterizations in order to simulate all of the characteristics of the medicane does not seem to exist.
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Bryan, George H., and Richard Rotunno. "The Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones in Axisymmetric Numerical Model Simulations." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1770–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2709.1.

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Abstract An axisymmetric numerical model is used to evaluate the maximum possible intensity of tropical cyclones. As compared with traditionally formulated nonhydrostatic models, this new model has improved mass and energy conservation in saturated conditions. In comparison with the axisymmetric model developed by Rotunno and Emanuel, the new model produces weaker cyclones (by ∼10%, in terms of maximum azimuthal velocity); the difference is attributable to several approximations in the Rotunno–Emanuel model. Then, using a single specification for initial conditions (with a sea surface temperature of 26°C), the authors conduct model sensitivity tests to determine the sensitivity of maximum azimuthal velocity (υmax) to uncertain aspects of the modeling system. For fixed mixing lengths in the turbulence parameterization, a converged value of υmax is achieved for radial grid spacing of order 1 km and vertical grid spacing of order 250 m. The fall velocity of condensate (Vt) changes υmax by up to 60%, and the largest υmax occurs for pseudoadiabatic thermodynamics (i.e., for Vt > 10 m s−1). The sensitivity of υmax to the ratio of surface exchange coefficients for entropy and momentum (CE/CD) matches the theoretical result, υmax ∼ (CE/CD)1/2, for nearly inviscid flow, but simulations with increasing turbulence intensity show less dependence on CE/CD; this result suggests that the effect of CE/CD is less important than has been argued previously. The authors find that υmax is most sensitive to the intensity of turbulence in the radial direction. However, some settings, such as inviscid flow, yield clearly unnatural structures; for example, υmax exceeds 110 m s−1, despite a maximum observed intensity of ∼70 m s−1 for this environment. The authors show that turbulence in the radial direction limits maximum axisymmetric intensity by weakening the radial gradients of angular momentum (which prevents environmental air from being drawn to small radius) and of entropy (which is consistent with weaker intensity by consideration of thermal wind balance). It is also argued that future studies should consider parameterized turbulence as an important factor in simulated tropical cyclone intensity.
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Pendergrass, Angeline G., and Hugh E. Willoughby. "Diabatically Induced Secondary Flows in Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Quasi-Steady Forcing." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 805–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2657.1.

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Abstract The Sawyer–Eliassen Equation (SEQ) is here rederived in height coordinates such that the sea surface is also a coordinate surface. Compared with the conventional derivation in mass field coordinates, this formulation adds some complexity, but arguably less than is inherent in terrain-following coordinates or interpolation to the lower physical boundary. Spatial variations of static stability change the vertical structure of the mass flow streamfunction. This effect leads to significant changes in both secondary-circulation structure and intensification of the primary circulation. The SEQ is solved on a piecewise continuous, balanced mean vortex where the shapes of the wind profiles inside and outside the eye and the tilt of the specified heat source can be adjusted independently. A series of sensitivity studies shows that the efficiency with which imposed heating intensifies the vortex is most sensitive to intensity itself as measured by maximum wind and to vortex size as measured by radius of maximum wind. Vortex shape and forcing tilt have impacts 20%–25% as great as intensity and size, suggesting that the aspects of tropical cyclones that predispose them to rapid intensification are environmental or thermodynamic rather than kinematic.
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Rozoff, Christopher M., and James P. Kossin. "New Probabilistic Forecast Models for the Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05059.1.

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Abstract The National Hurricane Center currently employs a skillful probabilistic rapid intensification index (RII) based on linear discriminant analysis of the environmental and satellite-derived features from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) dataset. Probabilistic prediction of rapid intensity change in tropical cyclones is revisited here using two additional models: one based on logistic regression and the other on a naïve Bayesian framework. Each model incorporates data from the SHIPS dataset over both the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific Ocean basins to provide the probability of exceeding the standard rapid intensification thresholds [25, 30, and 35 kt (24 h)−1] for 24 h into the future. The optimal SHIPS and satellite-based predictors of rapid intensification differ slightly between each probabilistic model and ocean basin, but each set of optimal predictors incorporates thermodynamic and dynamic aspects of the tropical cyclone’s environment (such as vertical wind shear) and its structure (such as departure from convective axisymmetry). Cross validation shows that both the logistic regression and Bayesian probabilistic models are skillful relative to climatology. Dependent testing indicates both models exhibit forecast skill that generally exceeds the skill of the present operational SHIPS-RII and a simple average of the probabilities provided by the logistic regression, Bayesian, and SHIPS-RII models provides greater skill than any individual model. For the rapid intensification threshold of 25 kt (24 h)−1, the three-member ensemble mean improves the Brier skill scores of the current operational SHIPS-RII by 33% in the North Atlantic and 52% in the eastern North Pacific.
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Green, Alrick, Sundararaman G. Gopalakrishnan, Ghassan J. Alaka, and Sen Chiao. "Understanding the Role of Mean and Eddy Momentum Transport in the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Irma (2017) and Hurricane Michael (2018)." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040492.

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The prediction of rapid intensification (RI) in tropical cyclones (TCs) is a challenging problem. In this study, the RI process and factors contributing to it are compared for two TCs: an axis-symmetric case (Hurricane Irma, 2017) and an asymmetric case (Hurricane Michael, 2018). Both Irma and Michael became major hurricanes that made significant impacts in the United States. The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model was used to examine the connection between RI with forcing from the large-scale environment and the subsequent evolution of TC structure and convection. The observed large-scale environment was reasonably reproduced by HWRF forecasts. Hurricane Irma rapidly intensified in an environment with weak-to-moderate vertical wind shear (VWS), typically favorable for RI, leading to the symmetric development of vortical convective clouds in the cyclonic, vorticity-rich environment. Conversely, Hurricane Michael rapidly intensified in an environment of strong VWS, typically unfavorable for RI, leading to major asymmetries in the development of vortical convective clouds. The tangential wind momentum budget was analyzed for these two hurricanes to identify similarities and differences in the pathways to RI. Results suggest that eddy transport terms associated with convective processes positively contributed to vortex spin up in the early stages of RI and inhibited spin up in the later stages of RI in both TCs. In the early stages of RI, the mean transport terms exhibited notable differences in these TCs; they dominated the spin-up process in Irma and were of secondary importance to the spin-up process in Michael. Favorable aspects of the environment surrounding Michael appeared to aid in the RI process despite hostile VWS.
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Gu, Jian-Feng, Zhe-Min Tan, and Xin Qiu. "The Evolution of Vortex Tilt and Vertical Motion of Tropical Cyclones in Directional Shear Flows." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 10 (October 2018): 3565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0024.1.

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Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of moist dynamics on the intensification variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows. Here, we propose that dry dynamics can account for many aspects of the structure change of TCs in moist simulations. The change of vortex tilt with height and time essentially determines the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of TCs experiencing directional shear flows, depending on how the environmental flow rotates with height, that is, in a clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CC) fashion. The vortex tilt precesses faster and is closer to the left-of-shear (with respect to the deep-layer shear) region, with a smaller magnitude at equilibrium in CW hodographs than in CC hodographs. The low-level vortex tilt and accordingly more low-level upward motions are ahead of the overall vortex tilt in CW hodographs but are behind the overall vortex tilt in CC hodographs. Such a configuration of vortex tilt in CW hodographs is potentially favorable for the continuous precession of convection into the upshear region but in CC hodographs it is unfavorable. Most of the upward motions within a TC undergoing CW shear are concentrated in the downshear-left region, whereas those in the CC shear are located in the downshear-right region. Moreover, the upward (downward) motions are in phase with positive (negative) local helicity in both CW and CC hodographs. Here, we present an alternative mechanism that is associated with balanced dynamics in response to vortex tilt to explain the coincidence and also the distribution variability of vertical motions, as well as local helicity in directional shear flows. The balanced dynamics could explain the overlap of positive helicity and convection in both moist simulations and observations.
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Camargo, Suzana J. "Global and Regional Aspects of Tropical Cyclone Activity in the CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 26, no. 24 (December 2, 2013): 9880–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00549.1.

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Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) activity is analyzed in 14 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The global TC activity in the historical runs is compared with observations. The simulation of TC activity in the CMIP5 models is not as good as in higher-resolution simulations. The CMIP5 global TC frequency is much lower than observed, and there is significant deficiency in the geographical patterns of TC tracks and formation. Although all of the models underestimate the global frequency of TCs, the models present a wide range of global TC frequency. The models with the highest horizontal resolution have the highest level of global TC activity, though resolution is not the only factor that determines model TC activity. A cold SST bias could potentially contribute to the low number of TCs in the models. The models show no consensus regarding the difference of TC activity in two warming scenarios [representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5] and the historical simulation. The author examined in more detail North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific TC activity in a subset of models and found no robust changes across models in TC frequency. Therefore, there is no robust signal across the CMIP5 models in global and regional TC changes in activity for future scenarios. The future changes in various large-scale environmental fields associated with TC activity were also examined globally: genesis potential index, potential intensity, vertical wind shear, and sea level pressure. The multimodel mean changes of these variables in the CMIP5 models are consistent with the changes obtained in the CMIP3 models.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

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Renfrew, Ian Alasdair. "The development of secondary frontal cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295008.

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Desflots, Melicie. "Environmental and Internal Controls of Tropical Cyclones Intensity Change." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/120.

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Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change is governed by internal dynamics (e.g. eyewall contraction, eyewall replacement cycles, interactions of the inner-core with the rainbands) and environmental conditions (e.g. vertical wind shear, moisture distribution, and surface properties). This study aims to gain a better understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for TC intensity changes with a particular focus to those related to the vertical wind shear and surface properties by using high resolution, full physics numerical simulations. First, the effects of the vertical wind shear on a rapidly intensifying storm and its subsequent weakening are examined. Second, a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model with a sea spray parameterization is used to study the impact of sea spray on the hurricane boundary layer. The coupled model consists of three components: the high resolution, non-hydrostatic, fifth generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), the NOAA/NCEPWAVEWATCH III (WW3) ocean surface wave model, and theWHOI threedimensional upper ocean circulation model (3DPWP). Sea spray parameterizations were developed at NOAA/ESRL and modified by the author to be introduced in uncoupled and coupled simulations. The model simulations are conducted in both uncoupled and coupled modes to isolate various physical processes influencing TC intensity. The very high-resolutionMM5 simulation of Hurricane Lili (at 0.5 km grid resolution) showed a rapid intensification associated with a contracting eyewall. Changes in both the magnitude and the direction of the vertical wind shear associated with an approaching upper-tropospheric trough were responsible for the weakening of the storm before landfall. Hurricane Lili weakened in a 5-10 m/s vertical wind shear environment. The simulated storm experienced wind shear direction normal to the storm motion, which produced a strong wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry in the downshear-left quadrant of the storm. The rainfall asymmetry was confirmed by various observations from the TRMM satellite and the WSR-88D ground radar in the coastal region. The increasing vertical wind shear induced a vertical tilt of the vortex with a time lag of about 5-6 hours after the wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry was first observed in the model simulation. Other key factors controlling intensity and intensity change in tropical cyclones are the air-sea fluxes. Accurate measurement and parameterization of air-sea fluxes under hurricane conditions are challenging. Although recent studies have shown that the momentum exchange coefficient levels off at high wind speed, little is known about the high wind behavior of the exchange coefficient for enthalpy flux. One of the largest uncertainties is the potential impact of sea spray. The current sea spray parameterizations are closely tied to wind speed and tend to overestimate the mediated heat fluxes by sea spray in the hurricane boundary layer. The sea spray generation depends not only on the wind speed but also on the variable wave state. A new spray parameterization based on the surface wave energy dissipation is introduced in the coupled model. In the coupled simulations, the wave energy dissipation is used to quantify the amount of wave breaking related to the generation of sea spray. The spray parameterization coupled to the waves may be an improvement compared to sea spray parameterizations that depends on wind speed only.
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Reynes, Anthony. "Environmental steering flow analysis for central north Pacific tropical cyclones based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7009.

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Danielson, Richard E. "Environmental influences on cold-season cyclones over the North Pacific Ocean." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19723.

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A quantification of local energy dispersion is employed to distinguish cases of downstream baroclinic development, as described by Orlanski and Sheldon, from among 41 cold-season cyclones that intensified strongly over the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Complete summaries of the eddy energy budget are calculated for each event, and about half are found to be in general accord with the proposed evolution. Almost all of this subset appear to have been influenced by a dispersion of energy from separate cyclones developing over the western North Pacific a day or two earlier. The primary source for eddy energy dispersion downstream and subsequent generation near the eastern cases is a baroclinic conversion associated with ascent in the warm sector of the upstream cyclones. The importance of downstream baroclinic development is confirmed for one eastern North Pacific cyclone in two complementary ways. First, the original eddy energy diagnosis is compared to one based on wave activity. In terms of local group velocity, only minor differences are found during much of the initial evolution. It is only once the tropopause undulations lose their wave-like appearance that the group velocity calculated using eddy energy becomes faster than that depicted by wave activity. Second, by employing numerical simulations, the importance of downstream baroclinic development to the intensification of this cyclone is quantified. Various initial conditions are produced using potential vorticity inversion. Simulations in which an upstream trough/ridge couplet are removed from the initial conditions result in both the absence of a downstream baroclinic development and a weakening of the downstream surface cyclone. The remainder of this study investigates the relationship between cold-season cyclones and sea surface temperature anomalies for small groups of strong cyclones occurring in the western North Pacific region. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the western ocean boundary currents and their strong sea surface temperature gradients to rapid cyclone development. Physical mechanisms governing this relationship have been studied extensively elsewhere. Here, proxy evidence of systematic changes in the role of surface heat and moisture fluxes during the cold season is presented. Cyclones of similar intensification rates are grouped according to their occurrence either during midwinter or during the early and late cold season. Systematic differences in sea surface temperature anomalies beneath these two groups are interpreted as a proxy for corresponding differences in preconditioning by the upperoceanic mixed layer. Submonthly sea level pressure variations for the same North Pacific cyclones appear to support an interpretation in terms of an upward oceanic influence. It is suggested that the role of preconditioning heat fluxes in cyclones varies because of large-scale seasonal changes in baroclinicity and in the availabilitv of water vapour already in the atmosphere. Similar differences are obtained using a group of strong western North Atlantic cyclones.
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Langousis, Andreas 1981. "Extreme rainfall intensities and long-term rainfall risk from tropical cyclones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47737.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-85).
We develop a methodology for the frequency of extreme rainfall intensities caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) in coastal areas. The mean rainfall field associated with a TC with maximum tangential wind speed Vmax, radius of maximum winds Rmax, and translation speed Vmax, is obtained using a physically-based model, whereas rainfall variability at both large scales (from storm to storm) and small scales (due to rainbands and local convection) is modeled statistically. The statistical component is estimated using precipitation radar (PR) data from the TRMM mission. Taylor's hypothesis is used to convert spatial rainfall intensity fluctuations to temporal fluctuations at a given location A. The combined physical-statistical model gives the distribution of the maximum rainfall intensity at A during a period of duration D for a TC with characteristics (Vmax, Rmax, Vt) that passes at a given distance from A. To illustrate the use of the model for long-term rainfall risk analysis, we formulate a recurrence model for tropical cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico that make landfall between longitudes 85°-95°W. We then use the rainfall and recurrence models to assess the rainfall risk for New Orleans. For return periods of 100 years or more and long averaging durations (D around 12-24 hours), tropical cyclones dominate over other rainfall event types, whereas the reverse is true for shorter return periods or shorter averaging durations.
by Andreas Langousis.
Ph.D.
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Lowag, Alexander. "Environmental Influences On Rapid Intensity Changes In Tropical Cyclones - A Case Study." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/175.

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Hurricane Bret underwent a rapid intensification (RI) and subsequent weakening between 1200 UTC August 21 and 1200 UTC August 22, 1999, before it made landfall as a category 3 hurricane on the Texas coast 12 h later. Its minimum sea-level pressure dropped 35 hPa from 979 to 944 hPa within 24 h. During this period, aircraft of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flew several research missions that sampled the environment and inner core of the storm. These data sets combined with gridded data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Global Model and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalyses are used to document the atmospheric and oceanic environments of the tropical cyclone (TC) as well as their relation to the observed structural and intensity changes. Bret's RI was linked to movement over a warm ocean eddy and high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Gulf of Mexico coupled with a simultaneous decrease in vertical wind shear. SSTs at the beginning of the storm?s RI were approximately 29 degrees Celcius and steadily increased to 30 degrees Celcius as it moved northward. The vertical wind shear relaxed to less than 10 kt during this time. Mean values of oceanic heat content (OHC) beneath the storm were about 20 % higher at the beginning of the RI period than 6 h before. Cooling of near-coastal shelf waters (to between 25 and 26 degrees Celcius) by pre-storm mixing combined with an increase in vertical wind shear were responsible for the weakening of the storm. The available observations suggested that intrusion of dry air into the circulation core did not contribute to the intensity evolution. In order to quantitatively describe the influence of environmental conditions on the intensity forecast, sensitivity studies with the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) model were conducted. Four different cases with modified vertical wind shear and/or SSTs were studied. Differences between all cases were relatively small due to the model design, but much cooler prescribed SSTs resulted in the greatest intensity changes. Model runs with idealized environmental conditions demonstrated the model?s general lack of capability to forecast RIs and also stressed the need of more accurate SST observations in the coastal shelf regions when predicting the intensity of landfalling TCs.
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Bohner, Richard H. Jr. "Definition of the mean environmental steering flow for TCM-90 tropical cyclones." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23615.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
A definition for the environmental steering flow in the vicinity of the TCM-90 tropical cyclones is sought by low-pass filtering the Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System deep-layer mean u- and v- velocity and geopotential height fields. One-dimensional and two-dimensional Fourier decompositions in a limited region (120(o) long) and in a global region are compared with six wavenumber low-pass filters (1-6, 1-9,...,1-21). The measure of goodness of the environmental steering flow interpolated to the storm position was to determine the minimum standard deviation of the propagation vector (defined as difference between storm motion and the steering estimate) for all six storms and the ensemble. The best results were found for either the limited and global region one-dimensional Fourier analyses of the u and v wind fields with a low-pass filter that included only wavenumbers 1 -15. The sic TCM-90 tropical cyclones were subsequently analyzed using this definition of the steering flow to estimate the propagation vectors and to examine the linear shear and relative vorticity gradients of the environmental flow. Except for early stages of storms in low latitude, the low-pass filtered analyses provided steering vectors consistent with the changing translation directions. However, the translation speeds tended to exceed the storm motion and lead to more westward propagation vectors than expected. These propagation vectors tended to be almost perpendicular to the absolute vorticity gradient vector.
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Cooley, Amanda. "Estimating the Water Budget of Extratropical Cyclones with the Precipitation Efficiency." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850734.

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Estimating the water budget of three mid-latitude extratropical cyclones is attempted from the perspective of the precipitation efficiency (PE), using a method proposed for the study of convective columns. Using a lagrangian, system-relative volume centered on the surface low pressure, each cyclone was followed for most of its lifetime within a pre-defined volume (7 degrees latitude x 9 degrees longitude, or approximately 700 x 700 km). A comparison is then made of total atmospheric water vapor ingested to total moisture eliminated (as precipitation). We hypothesize that the PE increases with the intensity of the cyclone. This small sample confirms that idea, and thus encourages further study with this approach.

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Young, Jeremy. "Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219.

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Over the 1951-2009 time period, 47% of all tropical systems in the Atlantic Basin transitioned to post-tropical storms. These storms are capable of producing hurricaneforce winds, torrential, flooding rains and storm surge that floods coastal areas. This study adds to previous climatological work by completing a case-study of Hurricane Ike (2008) and examining how teleconnections such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) contribute to the strength of a transitioning post-tropical storm. T-tests performed show strong statistical relationships between an increase (decrease) in post-tropical storm frequency and warm PDO – La Niña (cold PDO – La Niña), cold PDO – ENSO neutral (warm PDO – ENSO neutral), and warm (cold) AMO conditions. Moreover, nearly significant results were found for the same increase (decrease) and La Niña seasons since (pre) 1980 and for cold (warm) PDO conditions. Modeling the MJO suggests that increased (decreased) relative humidity associated with the wet (dry) phase could increase (decrease) precipitation output from the storm and decrease (increase) forward speed of the storm, decreasing (increasing) wind speeds observed at the surface.
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De, Waal Louise Christina. "Environmental aspects of river management." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247784.

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This work consists of two distinct and separate sections with differing aims and outcomes. Section A is the critical review, which provides a context for the published work presented in Section B. Section A, the critical review, summarises the current literature in the subject area of environmental aspects of river management and sets the research portfolio in context. The physical landscape has been increasingly influenced by a variety of economic and social changes in recent history. During these approximately 6,000 years, human impact on river systems has been substantial and widespread. The environmental changes, that have stressed river systems, have also damaged their value for both human use and environmental functions. Some of these stresses include changes in water quality and quantity, morphological modifications of the channel and/or floodplain, decline of native species and the introduction of alien species. This has led to changes in current river management philosophy, issues and techniques. Section n, the research portfolio of published work submitted as part of this thesis, focuses on the management of some aspects of environmental change within river systems, particularly problems relating to river rehabilitation and the introduction of invasive riparian plant species. Each published paper has its own individual abstract, summarising the key finding of the research. The research portfolio can be divided into three broad sections. The first section, the main published work, includes those papers approved by the University Research Committee as part of the Registration for the degree of PhD by Published Work in May 2000. These papers form the key part of the thesis. They are introduced in the critical review in the blue text boxes, in order of significance to the text discussed and not in chronological order. They are presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below) printed on light blue paper. The next section relates to additional relevant published work. These papers are also submitted as part of this thesis, but are considered to be secondary as a result of their date of publication, i.e. prior to 1995. In order to distinguish these papers clearly from the key papers, they are introduced in the critical review in green text boxes and presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below), printed on light green paper. The candidate's approximate contribution and the nature of this contribution to each joint paper have been indicated as a percentage and are shown on the title page of each appendix. The third part is other supporting material and is referred to in the critical review through inclusion of orange-brown text boxes. Since these publications consist mainly of consultancy reports and edited books, they are NOT submitted as part of this thesis and are not presented in full in the appendices. If necessary, this material can be made available to the internal and/or external examiners before or during the viva.
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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

1

Dupon, Jean-François. Atolls and the cyclone hazard: A case study of the Tuamotu islands. Noumea, New Caledonia: SPREP, 1986.

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Terry, James P. Tropical cyclones: Climatology and impacts in the South Pacific. New York: Springer, 2007.

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Terry, James P. Tropical cyclones: Climatology and impacts in the South Pacific. New York: Springer, 2007.

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Shiva, Vandana. Climate change, deforestation, and the Orissa super cyclone: Ecological costs of globalisation. New Delhi: Research Foundation for Science Technology & Ecology, 2000.

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Burma in the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis: Death, displacement, and humanitarian aid : hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, May 20, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Butterworth, Eric. Cyclone impact: Socio-economic aspects of Cyclone Winifred, February 1986. Townsville, Australia: School of Behavioural Sciences and Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, 1991.

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Droughts, floods & cyclones: El Niños that shaped our colonial past. North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Pub., 2009.

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Bohner, Richard H. Definition of the mean environmental steering flow for TCM-90 tropical cyclones. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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Programme, United Nations Environment, International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, and International Program on Chemical Safety., eds. Mercury: Environmental aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1989.

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Naidu, B. Raghavulu. Economic consequences of 1977 cyclone in Andhra Pradesh. Tirupathi, A.P: Sri Venkateswara University, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

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Hoffmann, Alex C., and Louis E. Stein. "Design Aspects." In Gas Cyclones and Swirl Tubes, 277–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07377-3_15.

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Sanyal, Tapobrata. "Environmental Aspects." In Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 141–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1932-6_12.

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Bakker, H. "Environmental Aspects." In Sugar Cane Cultivation and Management, 81–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4725-9_7.

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Reddy, Krishna, Lionel Lemay, Amlan Mukherjee, and Jeffrey Adams. "Environmental Aspects." In Engineering for Sustainable Communities, 87–97. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414811.ch08.

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Hamm, Udo. "Environmental Aspects." In Handbook of Paper and Board, 422–45. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608257.ch10.

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Kumar, Martin, and Simon Cripps. "Environmental Aspects." In Aquaculture, 84–106. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118687932.ch4.

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Ghose, Mili. "Cyclones of East Coast of India." In Critical Themes in Environmental History of India, 409–38. B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044: SAGE Publications Pvt Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353885632.n11.

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Browning, Keith A. "Mesoscale Aspects of Extratropical Cyclones: An Observational Perspective." In The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, 265–83. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-09-6_18.

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Franck, Heinz-Gerhard, and Jürgen Walter Stadelhofer. "Toxicology/Environmental aspects." In Industrial Aromatic Chemistry, 426–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73432-8_15.

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Hintzer, Klaus, and Werner Schwertfeger. "Fluoropolymers-Environmental Aspects." In Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology, 495–520. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118850220.ch21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

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Yueh, Simon H., Bryan W. Stiles, and W. Timothy Liu. "QuikSCAT geophysical model function and winds for tropical cyclones." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Christian D. Kummerow, JingShang Jiang, and Seiho Uratuka. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466298.

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Haikun, Zhao, Wu Liguang, and Zhou Weican. "Kernel Density Estimation Applied to Tropical Cyclones Genesis in Northwestern Pacific." In 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2009.238.

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Karakhanyan, A. A., and S. I. Molodykh. "Variations in vertical temperature profile of extratropical cyclones under different environmental conditions." In XXI International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2205668.

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Furr, Paul A., Conrad B. Monson, William J. Sears, and Fred J. Abeles. "Physiological Aspects of EVA." In Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860991.

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Bolstad, G., M. Khine, B. Benum, A. O. Brubakk, P. DeFrancisco, B. Holand, G. Oftedal, A. Påsche, and H. Ryvarden. "Hermes-Crew Integration Aspects." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/901390.

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Melton, H. Rodger, and Nina K. Springer. "Risk-Based Environmental Aspects Assessment." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/111946-ms.

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Maheshwari, Zeel, and R. Ramakumar. "Human Environmental Aspects of SIRES." In 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2018.8585950.

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Majernik, Milan. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF STEEL PRODUCTION." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b52/s20.026.

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Palamariu, Maricel. "GEODETIC ASPECTS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/2.2/s09.100.

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Muller, J., H. Griese, N. F. Nissen, H. Potter, and H. Reichl. "Environmental aspects of PCB microintegration." In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747612.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental aspects of Cyclones"

1

Leslie, Lance M. Predictability of Tropical Cyclones: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629428.

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Rukin, Mikhail Dmitrievich, and Oleg P. Ivanov. The problem of reducing the environmental risk of the impact of cyclones. Academy of Trinitarianism, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/rukinivanov.

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R. Green. Environmental Aspects, Objectives and Targets Identification Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838647.

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Carrick, S. J., M. G. Inghram, R. R. W. Ireland, J. A. Munter, and R. D. Reger. Copper River highway environmental impact studies: hydrologic aspects. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1547.

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Hsiang, Solomon, and Amir Jina. The Causal Effect of Environmental Catastrophe on Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence From 6,700 Cyclones. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20352.

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Thumm, W., A. Finke, B. Neumeier, B. Beck, A. Kettrup, H. Steinberger, P. D. Moskowitz, and R. Chapin. Environmental and health aspects of CIS-module production, use and disposal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34355.

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MacCracken, M. C., and J. E. Penner. Under-examined aspects of the potential environmental effects of nuclear war. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6363269.

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Steinberger, H., W. Thumm, R. Freitag, P. D. Moskowitz, and R. Chapin. Environmental and health aspects of copper-indium-diselenide thin-film photovoltaic modules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/46644.

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Van Hook, R., P. Fairchild, W. Fulkerson, A. Perry, J. Regan, and G. Taylor. Environmental, health, and CFC (chlorofluorocarbons) substitution aspects of the ozone depletion issue. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5293212.

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Kurzeja, R. J., P. D. Fledderman, D. L. Dunn, and K. W. MacMurdo. Environmental aspects of the June 16, 1995 tritium release from the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/224255.

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