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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Cyclones'
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Renfrew, Ian Alasdair. "The development of secondary frontal cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295008.
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Desflots, Melicie. "Environmental and Internal Controls of Tropical Cyclones Intensity Change." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/120.
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Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change is governed by internal dynamics (e.g. eyewall contraction, eyewall replacement cycles, interactions of the inner-core with the rainbands) and environmental conditions (e.g. vertical wind shear, moisture distribution, and surface properties). This study aims to gain a better understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for TC intensity changes with a particular focus to those related to the vertical wind shear and surface properties by using high resolution, full physics numerical simulations. First, the effects of the vertical wind shear on a rapidly intensifying storm and its subsequent weakening are examined. Second, a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model with a sea spray parameterization is used to study the impact of sea spray on the hurricane boundary layer. The coupled model consists of three components: the high resolution, non-hydrostatic, fifth generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), the NOAA/NCEPWAVEWATCH III (WW3) ocean surface wave model, and theWHOI threedimensional upper ocean circulation model (3DPWP). Sea spray parameterizations were developed at NOAA/ESRL and modified by the author to be introduced in uncoupled and coupled simulations. The model simulations are conducted in both uncoupled and coupled modes to isolate various physical processes influencing TC intensity. The very high-resolutionMM5 simulation of Hurricane Lili (at 0.5 km grid resolution) showed a rapid intensification associated with a contracting eyewall. Changes in both the magnitude and the direction of the vertical wind shear associated with an approaching upper-tropospheric trough were responsible for the weakening of the storm before landfall. Hurricane Lili weakened in a 5-10 m/s vertical wind shear environment. The simulated storm experienced wind shear direction normal to the storm motion, which produced a strong wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry in the downshear-left quadrant of the storm. The rainfall asymmetry was confirmed by various observations from the TRMM satellite and the WSR-88D ground radar in the coastal region. The increasing vertical wind shear induced a vertical tilt of the vortex with a time lag of about 5-6 hours after the wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry was first observed in the model simulation. Other key factors controlling intensity and intensity change in tropical cyclones are the air-sea fluxes. Accurate measurement and parameterization of air-sea fluxes under hurricane conditions are challenging. Although recent studies have shown that the momentum exchange coefficient levels off at high wind speed, little is known about the high wind behavior of the exchange coefficient for enthalpy flux. One of the largest uncertainties is the potential impact of sea spray. The current sea spray parameterizations are closely tied to wind speed and tend to overestimate the mediated heat fluxes by sea spray in the hurricane boundary layer. The sea spray generation depends not only on the wind speed but also on the variable wave state. A new spray parameterization based on the surface wave energy dissipation is introduced in the coupled model. In the coupled simulations, the wave energy dissipation is used to quantify the amount of wave breaking related to the generation of sea spray. The spray parameterization coupled to the waves may be an improvement compared to sea spray parameterizations that depends on wind speed only.
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Reynes, Anthony. "Environmental steering flow analysis for central north Pacific tropical cyclones based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7009.
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Danielson, Richard E. "Environmental influences on cold-season cyclones over the North Pacific Ocean." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19723.
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A quantification of local energy dispersion is employed to distinguish cases of downstream baroclinic development, as described by Orlanski and Sheldon, from among 41 cold-season cyclones that intensified strongly over the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Complete summaries of the eddy energy budget are calculated for each event, and about half are found to be in general accord with the proposed evolution. Almost all of this subset appear to have been influenced by a dispersion of energy from separate cyclones developing over the western North Pacific a day or two earlier. The primary source for eddy energy dispersion downstream and subsequent generation near the eastern cases is a baroclinic conversion associated with ascent in the warm sector of the upstream cyclones. The importance of downstream baroclinic development is confirmed for one eastern North Pacific cyclone in two complementary ways. First, the original eddy energy diagnosis is compared to one based on wave activity. In terms of local group velocity, only minor differences are found during much of the initial evolution. It is only once the tropopause undulations lose their wave-like appearance that the group velocity calculated using eddy energy becomes faster than that depicted by wave activity. Second, by employing numerical simulations, the importance of downstream baroclinic development to the intensification of this cyclone is quantified. Various initial conditions are produced using potential vorticity inversion. Simulations in which an upstream trough/ridge couplet are removed from the initial conditions result in both the absence of a downstream baroclinic development and a weakening of the downstream surface cyclone. The remainder of this study investigates the relationship between cold-season cyclones and sea surface temperature anomalies for small groups of strong cyclones occurring in the western North Pacific region. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the western ocean boundary currents and their strong sea surface temperature gradients to rapid cyclone development. Physical mechanisms governing this relationship have been studied extensively elsewhere. Here, proxy evidence of systematic changes in the role of surface heat and moisture fluxes during the cold season is presented. Cyclones of similar intensification rates are grouped according to their occurrence either during midwinter or during the early and late cold season. Systematic differences in sea surface temperature anomalies beneath these two groups are interpreted as a proxy for corresponding differences in preconditioning by the upperoceanic mixed layer. Submonthly sea level pressure variations for the same North Pacific cyclones appear to support an interpretation in terms of an upward oceanic influence. It is suggested that the role of preconditioning heat fluxes in cyclones varies because of large-scale seasonal changes in baroclinicity and in the availabilitv of water vapour already in the atmosphere. Similar differences are obtained using a group of strong western North Atlantic cyclones.
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Langousis, Andreas 1981. "Extreme rainfall intensities and long-term rainfall risk from tropical cyclones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47737.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-85).
We develop a methodology for the frequency of extreme rainfall intensities caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) in coastal areas. The mean rainfall field associated with a TC with maximum tangential wind speed Vmax, radius of maximum winds Rmax, and translation speed Vmax, is obtained using a physically-based model, whereas rainfall variability at both large scales (from storm to storm) and small scales (due to rainbands and local convection) is modeled statistically. The statistical component is estimated using precipitation radar (PR) data from the TRMM mission. Taylor's hypothesis is used to convert spatial rainfall intensity fluctuations to temporal fluctuations at a given location A. The combined physical-statistical model gives the distribution of the maximum rainfall intensity at A during a period of duration D for a TC with characteristics (Vmax, Rmax, Vt) that passes at a given distance from A. To illustrate the use of the model for long-term rainfall risk analysis, we formulate a recurrence model for tropical cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico that make landfall between longitudes 85°-95°W. We then use the rainfall and recurrence models to assess the rainfall risk for New Orleans. For return periods of 100 years or more and long averaging durations (D around 12-24 hours), tropical cyclones dominate over other rainfall event types, whereas the reverse is true for shorter return periods or shorter averaging durations.
by Andreas Langousis.
Ph.D.
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Lowag, Alexander. "Environmental Influences On Rapid Intensity Changes In Tropical Cyclones - A Case Study." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/175.
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Hurricane Bret underwent a rapid intensification (RI) and subsequent weakening between 1200 UTC August 21 and 1200 UTC August 22, 1999, before it made landfall as a category 3 hurricane on the Texas coast 12 h later. Its minimum sea-level pressure dropped 35 hPa from 979 to 944 hPa within 24 h. During this period, aircraft of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flew several research missions that sampled the environment and inner core of the storm. These data sets combined with gridded data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Global Model and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalyses are used to document the atmospheric and oceanic environments of the tropical cyclone (TC) as well as their relation to the observed structural and intensity changes. Bret's RI was linked to movement over a warm ocean eddy and high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Gulf of Mexico coupled with a simultaneous decrease in vertical wind shear. SSTs at the beginning of the storm?s RI were approximately 29 degrees Celcius and steadily increased to 30 degrees Celcius as it moved northward. The vertical wind shear relaxed to less than 10 kt during this time. Mean values of oceanic heat content (OHC) beneath the storm were about 20 % higher at the beginning of the RI period than 6 h before. Cooling of near-coastal shelf waters (to between 25 and 26 degrees Celcius) by pre-storm mixing combined with an increase in vertical wind shear were responsible for the weakening of the storm. The available observations suggested that intrusion of dry air into the circulation core did not contribute to the intensity evolution. In order to quantitatively describe the influence of environmental conditions on the intensity forecast, sensitivity studies with the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) model were conducted. Four different cases with modified vertical wind shear and/or SSTs were studied. Differences between all cases were relatively small due to the model design, but much cooler prescribed SSTs resulted in the greatest intensity changes. Model runs with idealized environmental conditions demonstrated the model?s general lack of capability to forecast RIs and also stressed the need of more accurate SST observations in the coastal shelf regions when predicting the intensity of landfalling TCs.
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Bohner, Richard H. Jr. "Definition of the mean environmental steering flow for TCM-90 tropical cyclones." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23615.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedA definition for the environmental steering flow in the vicinity of the TCM-90 tropical cyclones is sought by low-pass filtering the Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System deep-layer mean u- and v- velocity and geopotential height fields. One-dimensional and two-dimensional Fourier decompositions in a limited region (120(o) long) and in a global region are compared with six wavenumber low-pass filters (1-6, 1-9,...,1-21). The measure of goodness of the environmental steering flow interpolated to the storm position was to determine the minimum standard deviation of the propagation vector (defined as difference between storm motion and the steering estimate) for all six storms and the ensemble. The best results were found for either the limited and global region one-dimensional Fourier analyses of the u and v wind fields with a low-pass filter that included only wavenumbers 1 -15. The sic TCM-90 tropical cyclones were subsequently analyzed using this definition of the steering flow to estimate the propagation vectors and to examine the linear shear and relative vorticity gradients of the environmental flow. Except for early stages of storms in low latitude, the low-pass filtered analyses provided steering vectors consistent with the changing translation directions. However, the translation speeds tended to exceed the storm motion and lead to more westward propagation vectors than expected. These propagation vectors tended to be almost perpendicular to the absolute vorticity gradient vector.
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Cooley, Amanda. "Estimating the Water Budget of Extratropical Cyclones with the Precipitation Efficiency." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850734.
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Estimating the water budget of three mid-latitude extratropical cyclones is attempted from the perspective of the precipitation efficiency (PE), using a method proposed for the study of convective columns. Using a lagrangian, system-relative volume centered on the surface low pressure, each cyclone was followed for most of its lifetime within a pre-defined volume (7 degrees latitude x 9 degrees longitude, or approximately 700 x 700 km). A comparison is then made of total atmospheric water vapor ingested to total moisture eliminated (as precipitation). We hypothesize that the PE increases with the intensity of the cyclone. This small sample confirms that idea, and thus encourages further study with this approach.
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Young, Jeremy. "Teleconnective Influences on the Strength of Post-tropical Cyclones." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1219.
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Over the 1951-2009 time period, 47% of all tropical systems in the Atlantic Basin transitioned to post-tropical storms. These storms are capable of producing hurricaneforce winds, torrential, flooding rains and storm surge that floods coastal areas. This study adds to previous climatological work by completing a case-study of Hurricane Ike (2008) and examining how teleconnections such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) contribute to the strength of a transitioning post-tropical storm. T-tests performed show strong statistical relationships between an increase (decrease) in post-tropical storm frequency and warm PDO – La Niña (cold PDO – La Niña), cold PDO – ENSO neutral (warm PDO – ENSO neutral), and warm (cold) AMO conditions. Moreover, nearly significant results were found for the same increase (decrease) and La Niña seasons since (pre) 1980 and for cold (warm) PDO conditions. Modeling the MJO suggests that increased (decreased) relative humidity associated with the wet (dry) phase could increase (decrease) precipitation output from the storm and decrease (increase) forward speed of the storm, decreasing (increasing) wind speeds observed at the surface.
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De, Waal Louise Christina. "Environmental aspects of river management." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247784.
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This work consists of two distinct and separate sections with differing aims and outcomes. Section A is the critical review, which provides a context for the published work presented in Section B. Section A, the critical review, summarises the current literature in the subject area of environmental aspects of river management and sets the research portfolio in context. The physical landscape has been increasingly influenced by a variety of economic and social changes in recent history. During these approximately 6,000 years, human impact on river systems has been substantial and widespread. The environmental changes, that have stressed river systems, have also damaged their value for both human use and environmental functions. Some of these stresses include changes in water quality and quantity, morphological modifications of the channel and/or floodplain, decline of native species and the introduction of alien species. This has led to changes in current river management philosophy, issues and techniques. Section n, the research portfolio of published work submitted as part of this thesis, focuses on the management of some aspects of environmental change within river systems, particularly problems relating to river rehabilitation and the introduction of invasive riparian plant species. Each published paper has its own individual abstract, summarising the key finding of the research. The research portfolio can be divided into three broad sections. The first section, the main published work, includes those papers approved by the University Research Committee as part of the Registration for the degree of PhD by Published Work in May 2000. These papers form the key part of the thesis. They are introduced in the critical review in the blue text boxes, in order of significance to the text discussed and not in chronological order. They are presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below) printed on light blue paper. The next section relates to additional relevant published work. These papers are also submitted as part of this thesis, but are considered to be secondary as a result of their date of publication, i.e. prior to 1995. In order to distinguish these papers clearly from the key papers, they are introduced in the critical review in green text boxes and presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below), printed on light green paper. The candidate's approximate contribution and the nature of this contribution to each joint paper have been indicated as a percentage and are shown on the title page of each appendix. The third part is other supporting material and is referred to in the critical review through inclusion of orange-brown text boxes. Since these publications consist mainly of consultancy reports and edited books, they are NOT submitted as part of this thesis and are not presented in full in the appendices. If necessary, this material can be made available to the internal and/or external examiners before or during the viva.
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Harding, Andrew W. "Environmental aspects of coal combustion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360331.
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Sanabia, Elizabeth R. "Objective identification of environmental patterns related to tropical cyclone track forecast errors." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FSanabia.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Patrick A. Harr, Russell L. Elsberry. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43). Also available in print.
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Raynak, Chad S. "Statistical-dynamical forecasting of tropical cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic at intraseasonal lead times." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FRaynak.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Murphree, Tom ; Meyer, David W. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 13 July 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Tropical cyclones, tropical cyclogenesis, North Atlantic, intraseasonal forecasting, smart climatology, tropical genesis parameters, large scale environmental factors, NCEP Climate Forecast System. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70). Also available in print.
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Egeröd, Jens, and Emma Nordling. "Strategic Supplier Evaluation - Considering environmental aspects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63197.
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This study aims at presenting a strategic supplier evaluation model that can assist Cederroth in strategic supplier selection and give indications on potential areas for strategic supplier development. The evaluation model aims at assessing supplier performance also with respect to environmental aspects. The final model has been developed through five steps, five models, with starting point in a theoretical review and basic empirical data. Following the model was developed through four iterations of workshops, interviews, weighting and case studies. The final model includes 7 criteria categories and 41 criteria whereas one category including 7 criteria assesses a supplier’s environmental performance.
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Miltz, David. "Economic aspects of targeting environmental policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235914.
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This thesis is composed of two parts; the first addresses theoretical aspects of the economics of targeting pollution control policy, whilst the second is an illustrative case study designed to embellish the more abstract insights of the first section.
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Morley, Kenneth James. "An Analysis of the Risk Posed by Tropical Cyclones along the Gulf Coast of the United States." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396007123.
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Malmqvist, Tove. "Methodological aspects of environmental assessment of buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9742.
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The built environment contributes extensively to the overall environmental impact of society. An increasing number of tools have been developed worldwide for comprehensive environmental assessment and rating of buildings in order to make the building sector more sustainable. These tools are expected to drive and facilitate future environmental improvements and market transformation in the sector. This thesis explores different methodological aspects in tool development using experiences from two large Swedish projects, the EcoEffect and ByggaBo tools, which were developed with a high level of stakeholder participation in order to be of practical use in the building sector. The methodological aspects explored and discussed here include an approach for systematic selection of assessment aspects (energy use, indoor air quality, etc.) in tools (Paper 3), and a systematic procedure for selecting practical indicators using theoretical (e.g. validity/environmental relevance) and practical (e.g. costs) criteria (Papers 2 and 3). An approach for simple communication of complex results is presented with examples from 26 multi-family buildings (Paper 4). This approach allows a building’s ‘environmental efficiency’ to be presented in one diagram, without weighting the two distinct assessment areas energy use and indoor environmental quality. Paper 5 discusses the contextual issue of internal use of environmental indicators in property management organisations through reviews of environmental performance evaluation and organisation theory literature and comparisons with actual case studies. The EcoEffect (Paper 1) and the ByggaBo tools are also compared and summarised. The case studies of real buildings and experiences from the EcoEffect and ByggaBo projects allowed data collection, calculation procedures and different practical applications of such tools to be evaluated. Poor data availability sometimes limits assessments, and improved internal routines and database developments in the building sector would allow more reliable environmental assessments. Reviews of numerous indicators in Paper 3 (and 2) and literature revealed that environmental relevance was not a key aspect when current environmental performance indicators and building rating tools were constructed. This thesis suggests that environmental relevance and systematic procedures be prioritised in order to provide robust and trustworthy tools for environmental assessment of buildings. Recommendations, some of which are generally applicable to other environmental assessments, include selection of environmentally relevant indicators, systematic procedures for handling theoretical and practical considerations in tool development, aggregation and weighting methods, use of a life cycle perspective and inclusion of performance-based rather than feature-based indicators. Since it is likely that the information these tools provide will increasingly be used by authorities, building users, economic incentive providers such as banks, etc., the methodological developments suggested here to strengthen tool rigour are important for future tool development processes.Utvecklingen av verktyg för miljöbedömning av byggnader är ett område som expanderat kraftigt sedan 1990-talets början. Den ökande medvetenheten om den byggda miljöns omfattande bidrag till samhällets miljöpåverkan i stort har spelat stor roll för denna utveckling. Verktygen förväntas ha en betydelsefull roll i att driva på och underlätta miljöförbättringar och omdaning av marknaden i bygg- och fastighetssektorn. Denna avhandling utforskar olika metodaspekter för verktygsutveckling och bygger på erfarenheterna från två stora svenska metodutvecklingsprojekt för miljöbedömning av byggnader, EcoEffect och ByggaBo:s miljöklassning av byggnader. Båda dessa verktyg togs fram i samarbete med ett stort antal representanter från bygg- och fastighetssektorn, då verktygen syftade till praktisk användning. Ett antal metodaspekter utforskas och diskuteras i avhandlingen. I artikel 3 föreslås och testas ett angreppssätt för systematiskt urval av miljöaspekter som ska bedömas av ett verktyg och dessutom föreslås här och i artikel 2 ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt för att välja indikatorer för praktiskt användning utifrån både teoretiska (t ex. validitet) och praktiska (t ex. kostnad) kriterier. Ett angreppssätt för att underlätta kommunikation av komplexa miljöbedömningsresultat presenteras genom exempel från 26 flerfamiljshus i artikel 4. Detta angreppssätt möjliggör att redovisa en byggnads ‘miljöeffektivitet’ i ett diagram utan att behöva vikta de två disparata miljöaspekterna energianvändning och innemiljö. Artikel 5 tar upp användning av miljöindikatorer för internt arbete i fastighetsförvaltande organisationer genom litteraturöversikter inom områdena utvärdering av miljöprestanda och organisationsteori samt genom jämförelser med praktiska fallstudier. Verktygen EcoEffect (artikel 1) och nuvarande version av ByggaBo:s miljöklassningssystem sammanfattas också och jämförs i avhandlingen. Genom ett antal fallstudier av verkliga byggnader och erfarenheterna från EcoEffect- och ByggaBo-projekten utvärderas frågor som insamling av indata, beräkningsmetoder och olika praktiska tillämpningar i avhandlingen. Dålig tillgång på indata begränsar ibland möjligheterna att göra miljöbedömningar. Förbättrade interna rutiner samt utveckling av nya typer av databaser inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn kommer med största sannolikhet att underlätta miljöbedömningar i framtiden. Granskning av ett stort antal miljöindikatorer i artikel 3 (och 2) och litteratur på området visade att när miljöindikatorer och miljöklassningsmetoder tagits fram, har miljörelevansen hos dessa sällan haft högsta prioritet. Ett övergripande mål för denna avhandling har därför varit att bidra med rekommendationer som kan stärka miljörelevansen och trovärdigheten hos liknande indikatorer och verktyg. Några av de angreppssätt som föreslås är tillämpliga mer generellt också för andra typer av miljöbedömningar; t ex. hur miljörelevanta miljöindikatorer kan väljas, hur både teoretiska och praktiska överväganden kan hanteras på ett systematiskt sätt vid liknande verktygsutveckling, angreppssätt för viktning och aggregering av resultat samt användning av ett livscykelperspektiv. Vid miljöbedömning av byggnader bör också funktionsbaserade indikatorer i första hand väljas snarare än sådana som baseras på specifika tekniska utföranden. En trolig utveckling är att nya typer av användare i större utsträckning kommer att efterfråga den information som miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader kan tillhandahålla. Det kan handla om t ex. myndigheter, husköpare och ekonomiska incitamentsgivare såsom banker. Av denna anledning är de frågor som rör metodutveckling och tas upp i avhandlingen, klart betydelsefulla för att stärka noggrannhet, robusthet och trovärdighet i framtida utveckling av miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader.
QC 20100601
Miljöklassning av byggnader
EcoEffect - miljövärdering av byggnader
Miljöstyrning med miljöindikatorer i fastighetsförvaltning
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Sørum, Lars. "Environmental aspects of municipal solid waste combustion." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1488.
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Stefani, Gianluca. "Economic aspects of information in environmental economics." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489205.
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Information may resolve uncertainty and uncertainty is pervasive. Thus, seeking, producing and trading of information are common economic activities. This is also true in the economics of the environment and for the different stakeholders therein involved. The central aim of this research is to investigate some theoretical aspects of the value and effects of information in environmental economics. Information is valuable either as a decision aid in contexts where either health and environmental characteristics of goods are uncertain or as the object of direct valuation under different provision rules. In a choice context three questions arise providing grounds for empirical investigations.
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杜景浩 and King-ho To. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252746.
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Yasumoto, Shinya. "Spatial aspects of environmental equity in Japan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/38268/.
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Whilst issues of environmental equity are internationally recognised as a major concern, Japan, a data rich country, has little evidence on whether or not they are present. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the situation of environmental equity in Japan by developing and employing novel approaches around the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). G This thesis firstly presents a GIS-based cross-sectional study of equity in proximity to waste facilities, air pollution exposure and school accessibility in Yokohama city, showing some evidence of disparities between social groups. A longitudinal model of park provision is then developed and presented to investigate whether affluent areas attracted new parks, or new parks attracted affluent people in Yokohama. The results show weak evidence of both processes, and also confirm direct park provision into the least affluent areas may be the most useful policy measure for equity. A limitation of many equity studies is that they have focused on environmental features that are only measurable in two dimensions. This is despite the fact that many environmental attributes require consideration vertical variations in features, such as building heights. To drive forward this research, a methodology was then developed and is presented to compute access to both sunlight and views in the city of Kyoto. The work illustrates how it is possible to model these three-dimensional attributes for large urban areas using virtual city modelling, and the findings suggest that disparities in access to both of these amenities are present, in the city. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that inequities are apparent in Japan and that these can be detected and quantified by the development of novel GIS techniques that utilise the rich sources of data present in the country.
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Vlassis, Nikolaos. "Aspects of Pareto improving environmental tax reforms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8561.
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'Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen' Stern (2006 p. xvii). This vigorous description highlights one of the most important and frustrating realizations of the last decades. The main reason of that market failure stems from the fact that climate change is a complex global externality. This makes the design of appropriate measures to mitigate the problem and the identification of their effects on economic activity of paramount importance. The transboundary nature of pollution combined with the skewed distribution of the origin and impact of emissions among countries reveals the need for international cooperation in the direction of multilateral agreements among countries. The characterization of Pareto-efficient environmental and trade policies has been a key issue (and continues to be) in the literature. Predominantly, however, the literature has focused on the role of taxes (trade and pollution) in achieving the first-best paying no attention to the role (if there is any) of non-tradeable goods. Chapter 4 deals with this issue. A key issue in mitigating climate change is with the appropriate extent of harmonization of environmental policies. This thesis (Chapters 2) addresses this within a general equilibrium model of international trade with endogenous pollution discharges, paying particular attention to the allocation of tax revenues. It argues that there indeed exist instances in which pollution tax harmonization (that moves the initial pollution taxes towards an appropriately weighted pollution tax vector) can deliver potential Pareto improvements. The difficulty with the achievement of global environmental agreements should not be, however, ignored. Chapter 3 deals with the possibility that governments may act unilaterally in order to mitigate the social cost of pollution. It shows that (under certain conditions) there exist unilateral Pareto improving trade policy reforms. Chapter 5 discusses the welfare implication of environmental policy reforms within a subset of countries. It shows that environmental policy coordination has opposing effect on the welfare of the coordinating and non-coordinating countries.
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Gawenis, James Allen. "Aspects of the environmental chemistry of technetium /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012968.
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To, King-ho. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498769.
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Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
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This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.
QC 20160901
Beyond GDP Growth
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Hergert, Randall J. "Saharan Air Layer Dust Loading: Effects on Convective Strength in Tropical Cloud Clusters." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5882.
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Numerous factors play a role in the development and maintenance of North Atlantic tropical cyclones as they originate and cross the Main Development Region. These factors include sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), relative humidity, vertical wind shear, etc. One key player in many of these factors is the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) which has been a source for study for nearly five decades.
The interplay between dust loading within the SAL and the development of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) has been repeatedly noted in many of the studies in this field. The cumulative indirect effect of the dust on AEWs however remains unknown (Evan et al., 2006a). On a case by case basis, the SAL has been shown to negatively influence the development of AEWs, i.e. entrainment of dry air into the low to mid-levels, enhanced vertical wind shear and suppression of convection within the storm (Dunion & Velden, 2004). Positive influences on AEW development have also been attributed to the SAL, namely its enhancement of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) which in turn helps produce positive vorticity along its southern edge that AEWs tap into for energy (Karyampudi & Pierce, 2002).
Further study is indeed warranted to try to fully understand whether or not the SAL has a positive or negative influence on the development of AEWs. A polarized view may be inadequate, as the SAL’s role could very well be positive, negative or somewhere in between depending on the storm characteristics and environmental conditions present at that unique time.
This study looked into the role dust loading has on the mixing between the SAL and the moist marine boundary layer directly beneath the base of the SAL, which can range from 500 – 1500m and revealed a dynamic and varying relationship. It also demonstrated, through a decrease in cloud top temperatures, that dust levels are associated with the convective strength of AEWs by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs). However this association can be nullified through other parameters unique to each individual storm; SSTs, vertical wind shear, dry-air entrainment, etc.
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Ritzén, Sofia. "Integration environmental aspects into product development : proactive measures." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2936.
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Environmental concern has greatly increased in magnitude within the companies of Swedish industry. Product development has become a strategic area: the environmental adaptation of products is fundamental for a decrease in environmental impact from human activities, and product development is an area of the greatest importance to the competitiveness of companies. Integrating environmental aspects into product development at operations level is needed to achieve product improvements. The theme of this thesis is how to integrate environmental aspects into product development. An overarching purpose has been to identify adequate activities and changes required for integration. Great importance has been attached to conducting changes, especially by investigating how successfully to implement support tools in product development. Qualitative research interviews have been used to collect empirical data. Conclusions on measures industrially applicable to enabling the integration of environmental aspects have been drawn, as empirical data and experiences have been accumulated. Environmental aspects give rise to new considerations in product development: causal relationships between products and environmental impact; the life-cycle approach; and, new priorities and trade-offs between function, cost and quality of products. A need for activities supporting these considerations is identified; and, preferably, several activities, concerning knowledge development, work procedures and support tools, should be applied. It is also important to identify environmental actors for providing expertise and enthusiasm in the organisation. The implementation of support tools has to be carefully considered. To guide such implementation a framework with key factors has been developed. The framework suggests a cyclical implementation process, identification of the organisational change field, and consistent management behaviour. Keys to successful implementation are goal setting, knowledge development, adequate resources, anchoring at all levels, and a focus on individuals. To stay competitive, companies need to be proactive and respond to the driving forces underlying environmental adaptation. To make possible the environmental adaptation of products, several measures are needed. The following proactive measures have been identified: Management ought to set direction with a comprehensive view on business development and physical flows in the business. Commitment to desired change must be created to make sure changes are accepted and durable. Knowledge and skills need to be developed with an action learning approach. Work procedures need to be adjusted to include environmental criteria and secure interaction between product developers and environmental experts. Support tools can support a structured approach and enable rapid progress to be attained.QC 20100623
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Alverbro, Karin. "Environmental and ethical aspects of destruction of ammunition." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-27345.
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Many decision-making situations today affect the safety of individuals and the environment,for instance hazardous waste management. In practice, many of these decisions are madewithout an overall view and with the focus on either the environment or safety. Now and then the areas of regulation are in conflict, i.e. the best alternative according to environmental considerations is not always the safest way and vice versa.A tool for taking an overall view within the areas of safety and environment would simplify matters and provide authorities and industry with a better basis for their work. This thesis forms part of a project which aims to develop a framework tool giving this overall view and supporting decision-making in which the issues (areas) of environment, safety, ethics and costs are all integrated. By developing a framework tool, different areas of interest could be taken into consideration more easily when a decision is to be made and could also help develop legislation and policy locally (at an industry or company), nationally and internationally. The project also aims to provide knowledge about different destruction/decommission methods, their good and bad points and their consequences, in order to provide different actors with a better basis for decision-making. This thesis focuses on development of the framework. The scope of the studies was restricted to environment, ethics and personnel safety due to the extent of the work and time limitations. In the next part of the project, the areas of costs and evaluation will be studied and a first draft of the framework tool will be presented. In order to develop the framework tool, two case studies were carried out here: an environmental analysis involving a life cycle assessment and an ethical analysis. With the help of these analyses, three different methods of destruction of ammunition were compared: Open detonation, modelled both with and without recovery and recycling of metals; incineration in a static kiln with air pollution control combined with recycling of metals, modelled with two different levels of air emissions; and a combination of incineration with air pollution control, open burning, recovery of some energetic material and recycling of metals, giving a total of five options. Every method of destruction of energetic material, i.e. explosive waste or ammunition, results in environmental impacts in both the short and long term. These environmental impacts have direct or indirect impacts on safety, quality of life, the economy, etc., now and in the future, locally and globally. Life cycle assessment revealed two factors of importance for reducing the environmental impacts: Recycling the metals and air pollution control. As a consequence of controlling these potential negative environmental impacts, safety problems might also be controlled. Ethical analysis revealed that future generations and people in foreign countries will be affected by the destruction of ammunition. When choosing a method for destruction of ammunition, this group (the general public) should thus be given special attention.QC 20101210
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Feng, Jianrong. "Molecular and environmental aspects of latex film formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0008/NQ28278.pdf.
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Damodaran, Mala. "Environmental aspects of industrial location policy in India." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266104.
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Katsumi, Takeshi. "Utilization of Waste Materials from Environmental Geotechnical Aspects." Kyoto University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77842.
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Jenkin, Nicola Pat. "Exploring the making of meaning: environmental education and training for industry, business and local government." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003425.
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The aim of this research was to explore how participants made meaning in an environmental education and training course for people from industry, business and local government in South Africa, and to identify and comment on any constraints to this meaning-making. I used a Symbolic Interactionist theoretical framework to explore and comment on the meaning-making process. I started my research by conducting a questionnaire to select participants for interviews. During the course the selected participants were interviewed, as well as the two course co-ordinators. Data was also gathered during the course from participant observation field notes ('captured talk'), photographs, participants' assignments and course evaluations. The data was analysed using an adapted form of discourse analysis and matrices. The research highlights that the opportunities provided on the course were adequate for encouraging meaning-making amongst both the co-ordinators and participants. However, recorded instances of meaning-making were low, which indicated that there were certain constraints during the meaning-making process. This research highlights and comments on identified constraints such as time and workplace support. The research supports similar findings which emerged from research conducted on the Gold Fields environmental education course for teachers and also offers recommendations for further research and practice into meaning-;making within the field of environmental education and industry, business and local government in South Africa.
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李仲泉 and Chung-chuen Li. "Radiation exposure due to radon and gamma rays in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210478.
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Woods, William Eric. "Copper migration through petroleum-treated soils." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722463.
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The purpose of the project was to determine the effect of various petroleum amendments on the migration rate of Cu. The petroleum amendments used in this research are frequently added to the soil surface in petroleum landfarming. Such petroleum wastes often contain significant amounts of Cu and other metals.Soil columns were amended with citric acid, used crankcase oil and Illinois crude oil. Each amendment was spiked (treated) with three different concentrations of Cu and each treatment was replicated three times. The columns were leached once per week, for ten weeks, with distilled water acidified to pH 4.5 to simulate acid rain. Leachate from the soil columns was analyzed weekly for total Cu. At the end of the ten week period, the soil was analyzed for Cu and TOC content at 7 cm intervals to determine the amount of migration by Cu and the organic amendments, resectively. The soil (a Glynwood silt loam) and the organic amendments were each analyzed for total Cu to determine background levels. The soil was analyzed for pH, TOC, electrical conductivity and soil texture.Analysis of the leachate and soil showed differential migration of Cu through the soil columns. Significant levels of Cu leached in the columns amended with citric acid (as high as 85.3 mg/L) in the first 3 weeks of the study. The Cu content of the leachate from columns amended with crude petroleum were at approximately background levels (5.5 mg/L) as was the leachate from columns amended with crankcase oil (0.2 mg/L). In the later weeks of the research, as the petroleum amendments were broken down by microorganisms, some Cu was chelated to small fragments of the petroleum and leached through the soil columns. Most of the Cu appeared to remain on the surface of the columns, bound to the petroleum amendments. Analysis of the soil, for total Cu content with depth, showed very little Cu accumulation at any depth in the soil column, beyond the soil surface. In most cases Cu levels remained near the background levels found in the control columns.Moderate correlation was found (r2 = .59 for crude oil; r2 = - .54 for crankcase oil; r2 = .85 for citric acid) between Cu levels and TOC levels in the soil columns with depth.From the results of the current study it can be inferred that practices such as petroleum landfarming and land disposal of some hazardous materials may allow for the migration of both the applied petroleum wastes and any metals which may be contained within.Department of Natural Resources
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Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.
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Chalatse, Keketso E. "C-beam environmental roof." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1034.
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Thesis (MTech (Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2003South Africa is experiencing great movements of people from rural areas to towns mainly because of the need to find work. Accommodation is limited and expensive, forcing many to live in informal homes. The municipalities, in an attempt to accommodate as much as they can, provide small plots, which basically can only accommodate a house and a very small garden. This country like other countries of the world has also embarked on numerous low-cost housing schemes to accommodate the homeless. Because of economic realities and because high-rise options are not considered acceptable, the most practical solution has resulted in large-scale low-density urban and suburban housing developments. Low-pitched metal-sheet roofs are provided because they are the most cost-effective. Lack of space within the homes and tiny surround-gardens are major problems to residents seriously limiting lifestyle. Other problems associated with these developments concern environmentally intrusive effects, the need for better security and other social concerns, and storm water runoff. This thesis discusses a usable flat urban and suburban roofing for existing and new houses by means of a system known as 'C-beam'. A usable greened concrete flat roof replaces the traditional pitched metal-sheet. The new roof provides sitting space for family members and is used to grow plants in pots. A construction manual is to be developed by which the constructors will build the roofing without the use of cranes and other expensive sophisticated construction machinery. The house owner can construct their own flooring/roofing; that is, the process will provide additional jobs, and hence positively affect economy. The manual includes the means of effective control by municipal authorities to ensure adequate and safe standards. Greening of the roofs will not only provide the potential for growing food from the plants, but it will also improve the environment of the area, including the reduction of storm water run-off, by retaining some water in the soil on rooftops.
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Boois, Ulrich. "Key decision-makers' perceptions of sustainable sea fisheries in Namibia and the implications for environmental education programmes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003544.
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This study investigates key decision-makers' perceptions of sustainable sea fisheries in Namibia, and explores the possibilities for the future development of education programmes that focus on "sustainability" in the fisheries sector. The concept of "sustainability" and its application in the context of a biological resource, namely sea fisheries, was examined. A series of questions were raised concerning sustainable fisheries: intergenerational implications of patterns of resource use, equity concerns, time horizons, and the protection of marine biodiveristy, among others. Examples from the Namibian and the European Community Sea Fisheries Industries are used to illustrate these issues. In spite of divergent views on what "sustainability" means, the study leads to certain findings that have broader policy implications. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews undertaken with six (6) key decision-makers in the Sea Fisheries Industry of Namibia, then analysed and assessed. The perceptions of key decisionmakers were determined by qualitative analysis in the interpretive paradigm. The data indicated some agreement in terms of what the key decision-makers think about the sustainable utilisation of the fisherjes resources. It is almost impossible to have complete agreement, because the decision-makers are from different contextual backgrounds. Those who make the decisions are more concerned about "how to manage" and those who act on the decisions put more emphasis on economic self-interest. Although the interviewees' perceptions of sustainable fisheries was imperfect, there was broad support for its aims and principles. The study also revealed that the achievement of sustainable sea fisheries development in Wamibia will require broader educational and public awareness programmes to enhance participation in decision-making debates. Formal and informal marine environmental education, from the perspective of "Responsible Fishing" has been emphasised.
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Mingotti, Nicola. "Passive environmental design for health." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709015.
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Cheng, Hau-chung, and 鄭孝仲. "Sustainability management in apparel & footwear supply chain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207615.
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Self-regulatory Code of Conduct has widely been adopted by international brands to manage CSR issues in apparel and footwear supply chain for the last 2 decades. Increasingly, more apparel and footwear brands started to expand CSR scope to include environmental management in their supply chain. However, only very few international brands have disclosed their efforts on environmental management in their supply chain. This study aims to find out how apparel and footwear brands implement environmental management in their supply chain. Furthermore, what motivates them to carry out environmental management, and lastly, what challenges the industry encounters in carrying out effective environmental management. Primary and secondary data research were carried out in this study. Primary research, in a form of self-administered survey, was conducted for 11 brands and 15 of their respective suppliers. Secondary research was conducted through desktop research to gather additional information from brands, NGOs, academic studies and news.
The study revealed environmental management in apparel and footwear supply chain is becoming more important. However, most of the brands’ approaches on environmental management are loose (i.e. lack industry-wide sustainably environmental management strategy), and small in scope (i.e. first tier supplier only). It is suggested apparel and footwear brands should improve effectiveness of environmental management program in their supply chain, by applying different implementation strategies internally, with both brands’ and suppliers’ governments, suppliers as well as their stakeholders.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Jacob, Jeffery R. "Comparison of amendments for field-scale phytotreatment of lead, cadmium, and zinc." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355602.
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Phytoextraction is an innovative method that can be implemented to remove lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) from contaminated soil. A two-year field and growth chamber study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of several soil amendments in the phytoextraction or stabilization of Pb, Cd and Zn. Field plots were established at the Memorial Drive Dump site (Muncie, IN). Amendments included composted municipal solid waste (MSW) (25 Mg/ha), dried sewage sludge (SS) (25 Mg/ha), citric acid (2 mmol/kg soil), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2 mmol/kg soil), and a control. A mixed grass crop was capable of survival and growth in the contaminated soil; in contrast, Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) failed to become established. Soil Pb and Zn occurred primarily in the carbonate, organic-bound and residual forms (23.1%, 31.8%, and 44.4%, Pb, respectively and 11.4%, 26.5%, and 60.2% Zn, respectively). Soil Cd occurred primarily in the soluble, carbonate, and residual forms (21.8%, 21.3%, and 27.4%, respectively). In a growth chamber leaching study, soil Pb was most rapidly leached from the 0.1 M EDTA treatment (51.7 mg Pb over 200 pore volumes); the 0.001M resulted in the lowest leaching. Soil Pb was most rapidly leached using 0.1 M HEDTA (52.1 mg Pb over 200 pore volumes). The 0.001 M HEDTA rate resulted in lowest Pb leaching. Addition of an NPK solution resulted in minimal Pb leached. The MSW and dried sludge treatments resulted in the greatest dry matter production on the plots. Dry matter production was significantly (p >0.05) higher in the MSW (1.09 MT/ha) and SS (95 MT/ha) treatments. Addition of EDTA, citric acid and MSW significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amount of Cd uptake into plant tissue. The study also demonstrated the ability of vegetation to establish and grow on toxic soil and to uptake Pb, Cd, and Zn.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Goins, Jeffrey P. (Jeffrey Paul). "Expendable Creation: Classical Pentecostalism and Environmental Disregard." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278335/.
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Whereas the ecological crisis has elicited a response from many quarters of American Christianity, classical (or denominational) Pentecostals have expressed almost no concern about environmental problems. The reasons for their disregard of the environment lie in the Pentecostal worldview which finds expression in their: (1) tradition; (2) view of human and natural history; (3) common theological beliefs; and (4) scriptural interpretation. All these aspects of Pentecostalism emphasize and value the supernatural--conversely viewing nature as subordinate, dependent and temporary. Therefore, the ecocrisis is not problematic because, for Pentecostals, the natural environment is: of only relative value; must serve the divine plan; and will soon be destroyed and replaced. Furthermore, Pentecostals are likely to continue their environmental disregard, since the supernaturalism which spawns it is key to Pentecostal identity.
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Kim, Carl Chong-Soo. "Geotechnical aspects of recirculating well design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44495.
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Mneimneh, Saadeddine S. "Algorithmic aspects of high speed switching." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8373.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-148).
A major drawback of the traditional output queuing technique is that it requires a switch speedup of N, where N is the size of the switch. This dependence on N makes the switch non-scalable at high speeds. Input queuing has been suggested instead. The introduction of input queuing creates the necessity for developing switching algorithms to decide which packets to keep waiting at the input, and which packets to forward across the switch. In this thesis, we address various algorithmic aspects of switching. We prove in this thesis, that many of the practical switching algorithms still require a speedup to achieve even a weak notion of throughput. We propose two switching algorithms that belong to a family to which we refer in this thesis as priority switching. These two algorithms overcome some of the disadvantages in existing priority switching algorithms, such as the excessive amount of state information that needs to be maintained. We also develop a practical algorithm that belongs to a family to which we refer in this thesis as iterative switching. This algorithm achieves high throughput in practice and offers the advantage of not requiring more than one iteration, unlike other existing iterative switching algorithms which require multiple iterations to achieve high throughput. Finally, we address the issue of using switches in parallel to accommodate for the need of speedup. We study two settings of parallel switches, one with standard packet switching, and one with flow scheduling, in which flows cannot be split across multiple switches.
by Saadeddine Mneimneh.
Ph.D.
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Chow, Hoi-lai, and 周海麗. "Supermarket: a place for greenconsumption?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543081.
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Over the decades the concept of green consumption has been discussed with sustainable consumption, green behavior, eco-citizenship and sustainable patterns and lifestyles. Various environmental problems like global warming, pollution, shortage of natural resources and climate change threatened the sustainability of the environment and our survival. There is an increasing demand from scholars and society for the change of human behavior to help reduce the environmental impact.
This study aims to investigate how supermarket influences the daily consumption in a sustainable way through the concept of green marketing in terms of green product management, green packaging, green promotion, green pricing, green logistics and green labeling. That means, a supermarket is not only a place to provide green products but also influence the culture of green consumption through the efforts of designing environmentally friendly facilities and strategies. In real life practice, there are constraints and challenges to encourage green consumption in the community.
Through literature review, interview and surveys, the study investigates the kinds of products and facilities which have been used in Hong Kong supermarkets and consumers’ perception and knowledge of environmentally friendly products and services. Through exploration of overseas case studies, insights on common sustainable practices were identified and how overseas’ best practices can be adopted or modified in Hong Kong were discussed. The surveys with Wellcome/Three Sixty/MarketPlace by Jasons and the general public illustrate how supermarket can promote sustainable and green consumption in Hong Kong and the progress of achievement. The study ends with suggestions on how joint-efforts from the various stakeholders in the society can facilitate green consumption. These include public participation, green initiatives of supermarkets, price incentive, promotion and government’s support to encourage pro-environmental behavior.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Xie, Yujing, and 谢玉静. "Habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization: the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes, processes andconsequences at landscape level." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662302.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape modification, especially those human-dominated changes, has been widely considered as one of the key drivers inducing the degradation of environment and ecosystem. The consequent habitat loss and fragmentation, which are closely related to ecological process, have attracted much scholarly attention. However, very few studies have systematically examined their causes and consequences at the landscape level. Integrating human activities into consideration in a holistic way remains poorly understood in particular. This thesis reports a systematic study of habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization. This research distinguishes itself from previous works in its investigation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes and consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation, and its endeavor to disentangle habitat fragmentation from simple habitat loss in terms of their processes and effects.
The Shenzhen River cross-border watershed, shared by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen, is used as a case to illustrate how these ideas can work in practice. The study period spans from 1988 to 2008.The main contents of the study include analysis of the processes and causes of habitat loss and fragmentation, and dynamic consequences on water quality and ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation at spatial and temporal scales. Various methods are employed, mainly including conventional and newly developed landscape metrics (such as the Urbanization Isolation Effect (UIE) and Habitat Isolation Degree (HID)), a spatial statistical approach based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, spatio-temporal analyses and cross-border comparison.
Major findings of the research are highlighted as follows. First, habitat loss and fragmentation show great spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal variation due to extensive and rapid urban sprawl in the study area. Second, by adopting the GWR model, it is found that human-related factors have played a significant role in determining not only the “amount” but also the “location” of habitat loss. Third, by using two new landscape metrics, namely the UIE and HID, both the extent (urban sprawl) and intensity (population density) of urbanization are suggested to have significant influences in habitat isolation. Fourth, water quality in the watershed is recognized to be closely correlated with habitat loss and fragmentation, and the correlations show major discrepancies between the Hong Kong and the Shenzhen sides. Moreover, by proposing a compound indicator (NP/MPS) for measuring habitat fragmentation (independent of simple habitat loss), it is found that habitat loss has exerted a bigger influence on water quality degradation than habitat fragmentation. Fifth, by integrating habitat connectivity into the evaluation of ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation, both the habitat size and connectivity are recognized to be important in explaining the degradation of ecosystem services value. Habitat size has played a dominant role in the overall change of ecosystem services value, whereas the role of connectivity (fragmentation) is more critical when the “stepping stones” sites are lost.
The study provides a new framework to examine the habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization at the landscape level. The efforts show great effectiveness in providing sound and useful information for future landscape planning, biodiversity conservation and watershed management.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
46
Collins, Adam Leigh. "Environmentally responsible energetic materials for use in training ammunition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610529.
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Otter, Robert. "Aspects of environmental public health in Portsmouth, 1764-1864." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387284.
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Skjaeggestad, Hanne. "Environmental and biological aspects of oyster and scallop cultivation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388193.
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Elaseer, Abdusalam S. "Transmethylation of selenium and tellurium : analytical and environmental aspects." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240775.
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Berger, Joshua F. "Sugar ethanol in Florida : economic, agricultural,and environmental aspects." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003140.
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