Journal articles: 'Environmental aspects of Gas stoves'

1

López-Martínez, Octavio, and Heriberto Emilio Cuanalo de la Cerda. "Participatory action research in the design, construction and evaluation of improved cook stoves in a rural Yucatec Maya community." Action Research 18, no. 4 (April 29, 2017): 490–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750317704047.

Full text

Abstract:

Different initiatives have promoted the use of improved cook stoves around the world. Their goal has been to eradicate cooking over open flame inside dwellings because it is associated with health problems, inefficient resource use and greenhouse gas emissions. Most of these improved cook stoves initiatives depend heavily on expert-generated solutions, treating users as mere recipients. However, they have had little success in terms of adoption rates. Their failures are due to myriad factors, highlighting the complexity of this problem. In the rural community of Yaxcabá, Mexico, most households use wood as a cooking fuel in small fire pits. As an alternative approach to this problem, we proposed a project to create an improved cook stoves based on dialogue with community members. We used a systems approach to analyze the large number of variables involved in the problem. Following participatory action research approach, we worked with 17 participants forming two groups in a process of self-diagnosis, design, construction and evaluation of two improved cook stoves models. The participants stated that the resulting improved cook stoves offered multiple advantages over previous devices, particularly in sociocultural, environmental and comfort aspects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Klius, V. P., S. V. Klius, N. M. Zhovmir, and A. G. Didkоvska. "BIOMASS GAS GENERATOR STOVES." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 25-30 (December 7, 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.060-072.

Full text

Abstract:

The work refers to the field of thermochemical processes of the biomass conversion into energy, in particular to the creation of gas-generator stoves operating on biomass for cooking. In view of the high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness gas-burning stoves significantly exceed the traditional direct combustion biomass kilns. The theoretical analysis of the processes of gasification and combustion of fuel flowing in the stove is considered. The stove is considered as a reversed microgasifier with an open top. Gasification is carried out in a vertical microgasifier of a dense layer of fuel with fuel ignition from above and air supply from below. The thermal processes taking place in the microgasifier can be divided into three stages: partial gasification of biofuel, complete gasification of the biochar obtained, direct combustion of the biochar. The pilot samples of a number of stoves with a reactor volume of 5.5 to 9.7 liters were made and pilot tests were carried out for the various types of biofuel (pellets from softwood, trimmed pine saw-timbers, wood chips from hardwood, briquettes from straw, sunflower husks, buckwheat husks). As a result of the tests it was found that the efficiency of the stoves is about 30% which is approximately 3 times more than that of traditional direct combustion furnaces, and the average thermal power of the gas-generator stoves was 0.71–1.78 kW which corresponds to the thermal power of household stoves operating on natural gas. The fuel consumption and the specific burning rate of the fuel are determined by the air supply. For approximate calculations, you can take a fuel consumption of 1 kg / hour. The specific intensity of combustion for the tested fuels varied in the range 27.5–60.6 kg / (m2 · h). The use of the thermal insulation of the hull makes it possible not only to reduce significantly heat losses to the environment but also to avoid burns if the person touches the stove accidentally. The stoves have the following advantages: ecological compatibility; the economy; mobility. Prospective consumers of stoves are the residents of non-gasified areas, summer residents, tourists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Weyant, Cheryl L., Ryan Thompson, Nicholas L. Lam, Basudev Upadhyay, Prabin Shrestha, Shovana Maharjan, Kaushila Rai, Chija Adhikari, Maria C. Fox, and Amod K. Pokhrel. "In-Field Emission Measurements from Biogas and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120729.

Full text

Abstract:

Household air pollution from solid fuel cooking causes millions of deaths each year and contributes to climate change. These emissions can be reduced if households transition to cleaner cooking fuels such as LPG or biogas, yet emission measurements during actual use are limited. Six LPG and 57 biogas cooking event emissions were measured during typical cooking practices in Nepal. Emission factors are reported for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) and compared to measurements from wood stoves in the same households. Biogas cooking emission factors were 7.4 ± 10.9 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.2 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC on a fuel energy basis, and were not significantly different from LPG stoves (9.5 ± 6.8 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.3 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC, p > 0.05). Wood stoves emitted 50 times more PM 2.5 than biogas on a fuel energy basis and 230 times more EC. EC emissions were about 3% of total particle emissions from biogas and LPG stoves. Most PM 2.5 emissions from gas stoves were attributed to food frying and stove ignition (90%), not the gas fuel (10%), implying that there is a limit to emission reductions that can be achieved with improved fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Vorosne-Leitner, Anita, Laszlo Kajtar, and Jozsef Nyers. "Indoor environmental assessment method in residential kitchen." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part B (2020): 2055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180527318v.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, energy consumption, environmental protection and safety are fundamental issues in design process. In order to reduce energy consumption, buildings become increasingly insulated and air tight. It has controversial effect on indoor environment, therefore, it has become essential to apply an effective ventilation system. This requires detailed design, especially if there is a strong, local source in the space. In residential buildings, gas stoves are significant source of gaseous pollutants and heat load. Indoor environmental assessments have been carried out in order to evaluate the key parameters. The aim of this studies is to develop a new design and monitoring method of residential kitchens with gas stoves. Primary results of laboratory researches indicate that the largest stovetop burner with power of 2.8 kW, has the main role. Significant emissions of NOx have been measured, in an average size kitchen (Vroom = 36 m3) the Hungarian standard NOx concentration level (200 ?g/m3) can be ensured with an exhaust air-flow of 1102 m3/h. With respect of thermal environmental parameters, heat loads of residential gas stoves could be characterized with convective heat transfer coefficient of 4.5 W/m2K and radiant heat transfer coefficient of 5.9 W/m2K. As regards thermal comfort parameters, predicted mean rate index in proved to be applicable in residential kitchens from ?0.3 to +2.0. However draught rating cannot be applied, with respect to the temperature limitations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Cabrera-Torres, Carolina Priscilla, Maribel Albertina Díaz-Váasquez, Rosa Jeuna Diaz-Manchay, Victoria Sattler, Roseline Jean-Louis, Lisa Thompson, and Franco León-Jiménez. "Women's experiences with mixed use of wood and gas cookstoves and fuels in rural Lambayeque, Peru." Revista del Cuerpo Médico del HNAAA 13, no. 2 (August 9, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2020.132.662.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Despite program efforts to encourage use of clean cookstoves and fuels to mitigate climate change, many communities continue to use wood-fueled open fires. Objectives: Describe experiences of participants with mixed use of cooking and fuel technologies (e.g. open fires and chimney stoves using wood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves) in rural Lambayeque, Peru in 2018. Material and methods: Fifteen participants were interviewed using a qualitative exploratory research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: decisions about acquiring cooking fuels are primarily based on cost; plastic trash is used to light wood-burning stoves; decisions to use gas over wood are based on quick food cooking time; and benefits and health problems are recognized, but mixed use of fuels persist. Conclusion: Use of both traditional wood cookstoves and plastic trash to ignite fires were used frequently because both are free or cheap. The environmental impact of cutting down trees isn't considered important, but interviewees did notice detriments to their wellbeing. Although gas stoves are used and benefits were mentioned, use of traditional stoves persists. We recommend that policy makers in Peru begin to address barriers to full adoption of new clean cooking technologies and consider governmental subsidies to meet families' spending priorities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Vörösné Leitner, Anita, and László Kajtár. "Thermal Environment Assessment of Gas Stove Surroundings." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0025.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Residential kitchens with gas stoves are unique spaces inside dwellings.Occupants directly exposed to the combustion products and thermal effects of the stove. Applying a general model with the knowledge of describing parameters, designer could taken thermal aspects also into consideration in order to provide a save, healthy and comfortable environment in residential kitchens and homes. The aim of this study to develop this model and a new ventilation method. Results of field studies shows disadvantageous effect of kitchen exhaust unit during the operation of oven. However turbulence intensity was decreased from 123% to 25% , indoor temperature was increased by 3,7K in the occupied zone due to the forced air movement. PMV index remained within the recommended intervals (between -1,0 and +1.9), therefore it could be applied to evaulate thermal environment aroun the residential gas stove. Unpleasent effect of draught is not expected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hanna, Rema, Esther Duflo, and Michael Greenstone. "Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 80–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140008.

Full text

Abstract:

Laboratory studies suggest that improved cooking stoves can reduce indoor air pollution, improve health, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. We provide evidence, from a large-scale randomized trial in India, on the benefits of a common, laboratory-validated stove with a four-year follow-up. While smoke inhalation initially falls, this effect disappears by year two. We find no changes across health outcomes or greenhouse gas emissions. Households used the stoves irregularly and inappropriately, failed to maintain them, and usage declined over time. This study underscores the need to test environmental technologies in real-world settings where behavior may undermine potential impacts. (JEL D12, O12, O13, Q53, Q54, Q55)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nakai, Satoshi, Hiroshi Nitta, and Kazuho Maeda. "Cross-Sectional Study On, The Health Effects Of Gas Cooking Stoves In Japan." Indoor Air 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1993.t01-1-00007.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chakraborty, Rohit, James Heydon, Martin Mayfield, and Lyudmila Mihaylova. "Indoor Air Pollution from Residential Stoves: Examining the Flooding of Particulate Matter into Homes during Real-World Use." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121326.

Full text

Abstract:

This study concerns the levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM1) released by residential stoves inside the home during ‘real world’ use. Focusing on stoves that were certified by the UK’s Department of Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), PM sensors were placed in the vicinity of 20 different stoves over four weeks, recording 260 uses. The participants completed a research diary in order to provide information on time lit, amount and type of fuel used, and duration of use, among other details. Multivariate statistical tools were used in order to analyse indoor PM concentrations, averages, intensities, and their relationship to aspects of stove management. The study has four core findings. First, the daily average indoor PM concentrations when a stove was used were higher for PM2.5 by 196.23% and PM1 by 227.80% than those of the non-use control group. Second, hourly peak averages are higher for PM2.5 by 123.91% and for PM1 by 133.09% than daily averages, showing that PM is ‘flooding’ into indoor areas through normal use. Third, the peaks that are derived from these ’flooding’ incidents are associated with the number of fuel pieces used and length of the burn period. This points to the opening of the stove door as a primary mechanism for introducing PM into the home. Finally, it demonstrates that the indoor air pollution being witnessed is not originating from outside the home. Taken together, the study demonstrates that people inside homes with a residential stove are at risk of exposure to high intensities of PM2.5 and PM1 within a short period of time through normal use. It is recommended that this risk be reflected in the testing and regulation of residential stoves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Soroka, B. S., and V. V. Horupa. "SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2017.01.

Full text

Abstract:

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Soroka, B. S., and V. V. Horupa. "Environmental Characteristics of Modern Systems of Domestic Use of Fuel. Part 1." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-4-340-354.

Full text

Abstract:

The analysis of the environmental component of the processes of natural gas burning in atmospheric burners of domestic gas stoves has been carried out. The computational and experimental studies of the harmful substances formation by combustion of natural gas have been performed. The chemical equilibrium of the NO–O2–NO2 system was considered. The thermodynamic analysis of transformation of the system during a process of natural gas (methane-air mixture) combustion has been tested. Despite an essential (sometimes – by the order(s)) difference between the thermodynamically equilibrium concentration of the nitrogen oxides [NOx]eq and the local, actually measured values [NOx] = [NO] + [NO2], the [NO]eq values could be served as the qualitative indicators of actual values of [NOx] concentrations. In the combustion processes natural gas and other fuels combustion at high temperatures [NO] >> [NO2] for both equilibrium and measured concentrations. By moderate and low local temperatures up to 600 K the equilibrium concentration [NO2]eq → [NO]eq in order of magnitude. Under some compositions of burning mixture the correlation could be set as [NO2] >> [NO], resulting in great danger for the human health. With regard to the formation of particularly toxic NO2 effluents observed in some cases, an influence of the reaction temperature and the composition of the combustible mixture on the possibility of nitrogen dioxide formation in the combustion products have been analyzed. A methodology for the experimental study of the harmful emissions formation has been proposed while the computerized firing rig has been developed for studying the combustion of hydrocarbon gases in burners of household stoves. An influence of the coefficient of primary air excess on the СО, NO, NO2 formation has been revealed and the possibility of appearance the emissions of a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide has been demonstrated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Eisner, M. D. "Exposure to indoor combustion and adult asthma outcomes: environmental tobacco smoke, gas stoves, and woodsmoke." Thorax 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.11.973.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ver Beek, Noah, Elvin Vindel, Matthew Kuperus Heun, and Paul E. Brockway. "Quantifying the Environmental Impacts of Cookstove Transitions: A Societal Exergy Analysis Based Model of Energy Consumption and Forest Stocks in Honduras." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123206.

Full text

Abstract:

Unsustainable consumption of biofuels contributes to deforestation and climate change, while household air pollution from burning solid biofuels in homes results in millions of premature deaths globally every year. Honduras, like many low and medium Human Development Index countries, depends on primary solid biofuels for more than 30% of its primary energy supply (as of 2013). We conducted a societal exergy analysis and developed a forest stock model for Honduras for 1971–2013 and used the results to model an energy transition from traditional wood stoves to either improved efficiency wood cookstoves or modern fuel cookstoves (using Electricity or Liquefied petroleum gas) over the period 2013–2050. The exergy analysis and forest model enabled quantification of the environmental tradeoffs between the improved efficiency and fuel switching scenarios. We find that the continued reliance on wood within both the existing and improved wood cookstove scenarios would exhaust forest stocks by 2050, though improved efficiency could reduce national greenhouse gas emissions. Modern fuel cookstoves would reduce household air pollution, emissions, and deforestation. However, the best alternative to successfully reduce household air pollution, GHG emissions, and deforestation is a rapid switch to electric stoves with significant investment in renewable-based electricity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Díaz-Vásquez, Maribel A., Rosa J. Díaz-Manchay, Franco E. León-Jiménez, Lisa M. Thompson, Karin Troncoso, and Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas. "Adoption and impact of improved cookstoves in Lambayeque, Peru, 2017." Global Health Promotion 27, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975920945248.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Approximately three billion people in Asia, Africa, and the Americas cook with biomass, cleaner cooking technologies with the potential to reduce household air pollution exposure. It is necessary to assess the adoption and long-term use of these stoves, measure perceived benefits among users, and use this information to provide feedback to programs that are implementing new cooking technologies. The aim of this study is to determine the level of adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves in the rural area of Lambayeque, Peru, in 2017. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 52 homes were surveyed in the districts of Pacora and Íllimo where improved biomass stoves were introduced between 2005 and 2013. A questionnaire for the assessment of adoption and impact indexes proposed by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves was applied. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: The mean number of years with the improved biomass cookstove was 9.1 (standard deviation: 2.9); 51.9% always used the improved stove, and 34.6% never used it due to destruction during the El Niño phenomenon in 2017. The median impact index was 5.62; 19.2% had a very good/good adoption. The median adoption index was 6.5; 25% had a very high/high impact. The use of the traditional or open fire biomass stove persisted in 61.5% of the houses. Conclusion: The adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves were acceptable, but traditional stove use persisted in more than half of the houses. Households used a mix of different stove technologies. Gas stoves were used more frequently for breakfast or dinner, while the traditional biomass stoves were used for larger lunchtime meals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Champion, Wyatt M., and Andrew P. Grieshop. "Pellet-Fed Gasifier Stoves Approach Gas-Stove Like Performance during in-Home Use in Rwanda." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 11 (April 30, 2019): 6570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hengstermann, Mayarí, Anaité Díaz-Artiga, Roberto Otzóy-Sucúc, Ana Laura Maria Ruiz-Aguilar, Lisa M. Thompson, Vigneswari Aravindalochanan, Kalpana Balakrishnan, et al. "Developing Visual Messages to Support Liquefied Petroleum Gas Use in Intervention Homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial in Rural Guatemala." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 5 (March 18, 2021): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198121996280.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Household air pollution adversely affects human health and the environment, yet more than 40% of the world still depends on solid cooking fuels. The House Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial is assessing the health effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and 18-month supply of free fuel in 3,200 households in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Aims We conducted formative research in Guatemala to create visual messages that support the sustained, exclusive use of LPG in HAPIN intervention households. Method We conducted ethnographic research, including direct observation ( n = 36), in-depth ( n = 18), and semistructured ( n = 6) interviews, and 24 focus group discussions ( n = 96) to understand participants’ experience with LPG. Sixty participants were selected from a pilot study of LPG stove and 2-months of free fuel to assess the acceptability and use of LPG. Emergent themes were used to create visual messages based on observations and interviews in 40 households; messages were tested and revised in focus group discussions with 20 households. Results We identified 50 codes related to household air pollution and stoves; these were reduced into 24 themes relevant to LPG stoves, prioritizing 12 for calendars. Messages addressed fear and reluctance to use LPG; preference of wood stoves for cooking traditional foods; sustainability and accessibility of fuel; association between health outcomes and household air pollution; and the need for inspirational and aspirational messages. Discussion We created a flip chart and calendar illustrating themes to promote exclusive LPG use in HAPIN intervention households.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Soroka, B. S., and V. V. Horupa. "Environmental Characteristics of Modern Systems of Domestic Use of Fuel. Part 2. Pollutants Formation by Natural Gas Combustion in Atmospheric Burners: Experimental Studies." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 5 (October 13, 2020): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-5-450-461.

Full text

Abstract:

The Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine performs comprehensive studies of the formation of toxic emissions in the flame of atmospheric burners and beyond the visible burning cones (“rich” primary flame). The experiments are based on the proven significant content of harmful substances in the combustion products of gas fuel in household appliances and on direct contact of consumers with gas emissions during the operation of the stoves. A methodology for the experimental researches of the harmful emissions formation has been proposed while the computerized firing rig serving as the diagnostic facility has been developed for studying the combustion of hydrocarbon gases in the burners of household stoves. Carbon oxides CO and nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 are considered as toxic emissions, while the primary air excess coefficient and the heat load of the burner are considered as variable parameters. Under operating conditions of a gas stove, its variable characteristics are the gas pressure in front of the nozzle of the atmospheric burner and its thermal power. When optimizing the design of burners, the determinant value of the stability of burning, energy and environmental indicators of fuel combustion is the coefficient of excess of primary air λpr at a given gas pressure before the burner. The influence of this coefficient on the formation of CO, NO, NO2 is established, and the possibility of emissions with a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide is proved. Since the concentration of [NO] decreases with an increase in λpr, and the absolute level of [NO2] concentrations is not significantly affected by the value of λpr, it is determined that the proportion of [NO2] concentration in the [NOx] = [NO] + [NO2] compound increases with an increase in the primary air excess coefficient.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Alm, S., A. Reponen, K. Mukala, P. Pasanen, J. Tuomisto, and M. J. Jantunen. "Personal exposures of preschool children to carbon monoxide: Roles of ambient air quality and gas stoves." Atmospheric Environment 28, no. 22 (December 1994): 3577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00203-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kennes, Christian, María Montes, M. Estefanía López, and María C. Veiga. "Waste gas treatment in bioreactors: environmental engineering aspects." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 9, no. 1 (March 2014): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jees.2014.9.1.20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Medina, Paulo, Victor Berrueta, Lourdes Cinco, Victor Ruiz-García, Rufus Edwards, Belén Olaya, Astrid Schilmann, and Omar Masera. "Understanding Household Energy Transitions: From Evaluating Single Cookstoves to “Clean Stacking” Alternatives." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110693.

Full text

Abstract:

The pervasiveness of “stacking” between traditional and clean fuels/stoves is moving the household clean cooking research and policy agenda from programs that are centered on one-fuel or stove, to multi-clean fuel/device interventions that could result in a more effective displacement of traditional biomass stoves. However, there is little recognition and knowledge of the benefits realistic clean-stacking cooking solutions can have on indoor air quality and health. In this paper, particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels that are associated with stove-stacking options (Patsari-U-shaped open fire (U-type), Patsari-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, U-type-LPG, and Patsari-U-type-LPG) common within rural Mexico were evaluated while using a controlled cooking cycle (CCC) from the Purepecha Highlands, which mimics the most common dishes prepared daily within the region as well as their sequential arrangement. The results confirms that the WHO Interim Target-1 (IT1) of 35 μg/m3 for PM2.5 is exceeded whenever woodburning open fires are part of the stacking combination (Patsari-U-type 107 ± 9 μg/m3, U-type-LPG 131 ± 55 μg/m3 and Patsari-U-type-LPG 107 ± 22 μg/m3). However, well-designed and properly operated woodburning chimney stoves, such as the Patsari can meet the IT1, either used exclusively (21 ± 8 μg/m3) or as a “clean stacking” option with LPG (24 ± 5 μg/m3). Given stove stacking patterns, evaluating the health and environmental consequences of stove transitions while assuming the total replacement of traditional fires by clean cooking options will lead to misplaced expectations, and programs should evaluate more realistic “clean-stacking” options.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kumar, Praveen, Robert Ethan Dover, Antonia Díaz-Valdés Iriarte, Smitha Rao, Romina Garakani, Sophia Hadingham, Amar Dhand, Rachel G. Tabak, Ross C. Brownson, and Gautam N. Yadama. "Affordability, Accessibility, and Awareness in the Adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas: A Case-Control Study in Rural India." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 4790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114790.

Full text

Abstract:

Interventions in the clean cooking sector have focused on improved biomass stoves in a bid to address household air pollution (HAP) in low- and middle-income countries. These initiatives have not delivered adequate health and environmental benefits owing to the less than optimal performance of improved biomass stoves. There is an urgency to transition communities to cleaner cooking systems such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to reduce the prevalence of HAP. Adoption of LPG also has challenges. This case-control cross-sectional study with 510 households examines how affordability, accessibility, and awareness (3As) are associated with LPG adoption in rural poor households of Andhra Pradesh, a state of India. Using binomial logistic regression analyses, the study examines the association of 3As with LPG adoption, adjusting for demographic predictors. Results show disparities in LPG adoption owing to affordability, accessibility, and awareness. Household income is positively associated with LPG adoption. Easy availability of biomass deters households from adopting LPG. Concerns for LPG safety reduces likelihood of LPG adoption. On the other hand, attending awareness campaigns on clean cooking benefits is strongly associated with LPG adoption. Awareness drives, primarily targeted marketing campaigns, could help expand LPG coverage among poorer households. This paper offers insights into the determinants of clean fuel adoption with implications for resource-poor settings across the world to advance energy justice and address energy poverty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Robertson, J. O., G. V. Chilingar, L. F. Khilyuk, and B. Endres. "The Environmental Aspects of Oil and Gas Production Subsidence." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 34, no. 8 (February 29, 2012): 756–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030903058519.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bogdanov, Olga, Nataša Bojković, and Marijana Petrović. "Vehicle platooning: Environmental aspects." Tehnika 75, no. 4 (2020): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2003355b.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental protection is actively becoming one of the main issues of the Sustainable Development Agenda, and is therefore in the focus of various scientific papers and publications. In the context of vehicle platooning, the environment represents an important area, considering that some of the main goals of this transport technology are to reduce fuel consumption and the reduction of harmful gas emissions. Both goals are achievable when optimizing the speed of vehicles in the convoy, but they also depend on the number of vehicles in the convoy, the type of road they travel on, the weight/mass they carry, as well as the weather conditions. This paper will provide insights into platooning simulations and researches conducted in real conditions, which will focus on the impact of this transportation technology on the environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Guz, Łukasz. "Technical aspects of SAW gas sensors application in environmental measurements." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925206007.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of semiconductor technology and computer methods allows for the improvements in air pollutions measurement techniques. Besides the traditional techniques of air pollution measurement such as chromatography or dynamic olfactometry, the electronic nose (EN) gains increasing attention in this area. EN is a device which imitates the human olfactory sense. The main component of the device is an array of many nonspecific gas sensors. In this article, the most frequently used types of gas sensors in scientific studies were shortly characterised as: metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), conducting polymers, quartz microbalances (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and others. Both their advantages and disadvantages were summarised. Technical aspects of measurements using SAW gas sensors arrays were presented, as well as measurement circuits were described.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Steinfeld, A., R. Bombach, P. Haueter, B. Hemmerling, W. Kreutner, G. Thompson, and D. Wuillemin. "Experimental Setup of a Laser Diagnostics System for a High-Temperature Solar Receiver/Reactor." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930083.

Full text

Abstract:

A solar receiver/reactor has been designed specifically to study high-temperature gas phase chemical reactions using a laser based metrology. It is a cavity-type receiver, lined with stabilized ZrO2, and operated at temperatures up to 2000 K. The gas temperature is measured in situ using the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) of N2. Optical access for the CARS measurement is accomplished via two side windows, each subtending a 118-mrad cone angle at the center of the cavity, providing enough clearance for the input laser beams and the output signal carrying the temperature information. Two endothermic processes were used for the initial evaluation of this method: the NH3 dissociation into N2 and H2, and the CO2-reforming of CH4 into synthesis gas. The process flow was directly exposed to high solar fluxes in addition to infrared radiation emitted by the hot reactor walls. The laser-based metrology performed satisfactorily in spite of the presence of the intense radiation field. This paper describes in detail the technical aspects of the experimental setup, presents examples of spectra and temperature measurements, and discusses practical problems encountered during experimentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Xiong, Weiwei, Liang Yan, Teng Wang, and Yuguo Gao. "Substitution Effect of Natural Gas and the Energy Consumption Structure Transition in China." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197853.

Full text

Abstract:

A crucial problem which China faces is how to improve its energy consumption structure. In this paper, a system dynamic model of energy substitution based on energy capital and putty-clay theory is adopted, in order to explore the substitution effect of natural gas on the energy consumption structure transition in China. The results demonstrate that the huge capital stocks of coal and oil capacities effectively delay the progress of natural gas substitution for optimizing the energy structure, resulting in a limited effect of natural gas substitution in the short term and a large cumulative effect in the long term. Further scenario analyses indicate that natural gas subsidies and carbon price policies have positive effects on the growth of natural gas consumption and the optimization of the energy structure. We also found that a higher pressure of safety supply may emerge to meet the demand for energy consumption in the energy transition. Recommendations are given for improving the energy consumption structure in China from three aspects: allocating capital investment to natural gas, reducing the transition cost between natural gas and other energy sources, and awareness of the systemic risks in energy consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Qin, W., F. N. Egolfopoulos, and T. T. Tsotsis. "Fundamental and environmental aspects of landfill gas utilization for power generation." Chemical Engineering Journal 82, no. 1-3 (March 2001): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(00)00366-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Soroka, B. S., V. V. Horupa, and R. S. Karabchievskaya. "SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTIONIN STOVE PLATES. PART 2. STANDARD BASIS AND METHODOLOGY OF EVALUATION THE POWER EFFICIENCY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC GAS DEVICES." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2020.01.

Full text

Abstract:

Gas stoves belong to the number of the most wide — spread domestic devices. Research activity concerning these appliances has been stopped in Ukraine some decades ago despite an increase of the natural gas using in municipal economy. Operation data, power efficiency characteristics and pollution indicators related to on air state by gas combustion in the living accommodation are regulated by the normative documents: national and international standards, regional technical (engineering) conditions of Ukraine, EU countries, Russia, USA, China and other states. Practically any gas stove is equipped with an atmospheric ejection burner. The principal characteristics of the gas burners, operation peculiarities peculiarities for the atmospheric burners are systematized and analyzed in the presented paper. The following qualitative and quantitative indicators of the atmospheric burners have been considered in this paper: the fuel types to be used (natural gas, liquefied gas), working gas pressure ahead of stove, nominal heat capacity, limit range of operation adjustment, noise by burner operation. Gas burning under the atmospheric burners operation makes the two-stage process. The physical background of the stable combustion have been considered along with the specific reasons and generalized criteria of the unstable combustions modes: flash-back, blow-off, appearance of the «yellow tips» in the flame. The atmospheric burners possess both the power and environmental advantages in comparison with the burners of total preliminary mixing of fuel gas and combustion air. Application of primary air excess lpr < 1.0, provides higher efficiency of the burners and need for lower gas pressure ahead of the domestic stoves while the two-stage combustion makes one of the principle techniques of environmentally benign combustion technologies. It has been shown that energetic experiences in ejection burners are proportional to the cube of the air access coefficient, in case of the atmospheric burners — are raised two the third power: ea ~ l3a,pr. An original methodology experimental researchers for the atmospheric burners of various design and of different companies — manufacturers has been proposed. The methods of the tests performing fully meet to Ukrainian norms and international standards. The computerized firing rig stand with a diagnostic facility has been created providing both power and environmental research of the atmospheric burners with definition of the boundaries of stable operation and breach the combustion stability. An example of the water heating thermogram within the test vessel has been presented providing an opportunity to evaluate the peculiarities of head transfer process by time and space for the system «atmospheric burner – the vessel to be heated and liquid to be boiled». Bibl. 31, Fig. 7, Tab. 5.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Weinstein, John R., Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Neal Benowitz, and Lisa M. Thompson. "Reductions in urinary metabolites of exposure to household air pollution in pregnant, rural Guatemalan women provided liquefied petroleum gas stoves." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 30, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-019-0163-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wallace, Lance, Fang Wang, Cynthia Howard-Reed, and Andrew Persily. "Contribution of Gas and Electric Stoves to Residential Ultrafine Particle Concentrations between 2 and 64 nm: Size Distributions and Emission and Coagulation Rates." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 23 (December 2008): 8641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801402v.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Babalievski, Filip V. "Theoretical aspects of quantitative mass spectrometry of gas mixtures." Analytica Chimica Acta 201 (1987): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85341-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

MacGregor, J. R., D. A. Friis, and M. Pavic. "Some Aspects in the Design of Compressed Natural Gas Ships." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 148, a3 (2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2006.a3.8006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Toscano, Alessandro, Filiberto Bilotti, Francesco Asdrubali, Claudia Guattari, Luca Evangelisti, and Carmine Basilicata. "Recent Trends in the World Gas Market: Economical, Geopolitical and Environmental Aspects." Sustainability 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8020154.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Najjar, Y. S. H., M. A. kyurt, O. M. AI-Rabghi, and T. Alp. "Review of Some Energy and Environmental Aspects of The Gas Turbine Engine." Energy & Environment 5, no. 2 (June 1994): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500204.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to its numerous relative merits, a bright future awaits the gas turbine engine. Hence the gas turbine engine technology has been developed continuously in diverse areas such as cycle analysis, including novel cycles and second-law analyses; design, development and economic maintenance; combustion and environment; in addition to modeling, simulation and performance of engine components. Therefore a brief review of these areas is presented to highlight future trends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Fialko, Nataliia, Raisa Navrodska, Malgorzata Ulewicz, Georgii Gnedash, Sergii Alioshko, and Svitlana Shevcuk. "Environmental aspects of heat recovery systems of boiler plants." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000015.

Full text

Abstract:

The results of studies on improving the environmental characteristics of boiler plants of municipal heat-power engineering in the application of technologies for the deep recovery of heat from exhaust-gases of gas-fired boilers are presented. The data on the reduction of environment by reducing the amount and temperature of harmful emissions resulting from fuel combustion are given. The data are given for boiler plants equipped with complex heat-recovery systems characterized by cooling the exhaust-gases below the dew point of the water vapor contained in them. It is shown that the decrease in emissions is due to a decrease in fuel consumption in boilers due to the beneficial use of the heat of exhaust-gases in these systems and the dissolution of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the condensate, formed in the heat-recovery equipments. The analysis of improving the environmental safety of boiler plants when used in heat-recovery technologies of corrosion protection systems for chimneys has been performed. Anticorrosion protection is provided by preventing condensate formation in the exhaust-gas ducts of boiler plants when using technologies for the deep recovery of exhaust-gas heat. To prevent condensate formation, the method of pre-drying cooled exhaust-gases in a heat exchanger-preheater installed after heat-recovery equipment is used. It is also shown that the use of complex heat-recovery systems provides in the boiler plant additional water in the form of condensate formed during condensation of moisture from exhaust-gases. Receipt of this condensate is another ecological effect of heat-recovery, which allows reducing the consumption of natural water resources for supply municipal heat networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kucaj, Enkelejda, Elizabeta Susaj, and Besjana Qaja. "Renewable Energy - a Great Energizing Potential that Eliminates Environmental Pollution." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p40-45.

Full text

Abstract:

Renewable energy, efficiency energy, green industries and the development of the green economy are generally attracting attention all over the world. Albania needs investments for this type of energy, given that, in the 21st century, is still unable to fulfill the minimum needs of energy. The aim of this study was to identificate the use of solar panels in the Kombinat area by completing a questionnaire. Residents of this area who were equipped with a solar panel are asked about how they used and the benefits that they have from the solar panel, indicating that warm water is widely used in their home. Another purpose of this study was to inform the residents of this area about the economic and environmental benefits to use the solar panels. Interviewers are asked what kind of energy use to heat their homes. Arguments have been that most of them use electricity then gas. They also use woods in chimneys or stoves more over most of them said that they save 30% of the previous amount of the electricity bill. We also informed and aware the public about the negative impacts in the environment, agriculture and the economy of the country from the use of non-renewable energy. Sun light energy is absolutely free and can be utilized by all without exception and keep the environment clean during use and is also controllable by humans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Williams, M. C., N. T. Holcombe, and M. McMillian. "Environmental Aspects of Coal-Fueled Diesel Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240280.

Full text

Abstract:

Conventional diesel engines are considered by some to be contributors to environmental problems since they emit NOx, a suspected acid rain precursor. Initial testing has shown that CWS-fueled diesels emit substantially reduced NOx emissions. While emissions of particulates and SOx may be potentially higher with coal fuels, assessment of the control technology indicates excellent potential for meeting existing and future standards for these emissions. As a result of activities managed by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center, the economic and technical feasibility of CWS-fueled diesel engines has been determined. Recently, both General Electric and A. D. Little/Cooper Bessemer were selected for 5-year contracts aimed at developing by 1993 the components and subsystems necessary for subsequent private sector demonstration and commercialization of coal-fueled diesel power systems. The development of these CWS-fueled systems will necessitate the application of hot gas cleanup contaminant control technology to ensure that the systems burn coal in an environmentally sound manner. The objective of this paper is to discuss the environmental concerns, emission goals, and the control methodologies, devices, and strategies that will be used to ensure CWS-fueled diesel engines will meet current and potential environmental standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Albu, Mădălina. "Considerations Regarding Environmental Aspects of Risk Management in the Oil and Gas Industry." Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (April 2018): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.27.213.

Full text

Abstract:

The current global industry depends to a large extent on oil, gas and products. Hydrocarbons form of oil and its derivatives have become the main source of energy for the majority population. Crude oil, through its many uses is very important because it is cleaner than coal and cheaper and easier to transport than natural gas. Sometimes it called "black gold" and provides nearly half of the energy used in the world. Without it, would block transportation and large industrial equipment or thermal power plants could not operate.All activities of an organization involve risks and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, taking into account the effects of uncertainty on objectives materialize and the establishment of measures and actions needed. To have the expected effectiveness within the organization, risk management must become an integral part of the administration, politics and culture of the organization. Environmental risk management differs significantly from other types of risk management due to the fact that its particular characteristics reflecting the complexity of the environmentEnvironmental risk management is an integral part of the overall management system. Establishing detailed integration or interaction management system risk management system or environmental management systems implemented by the organization must not lead to increase resources needed for this process.Safety and environmental issues top the agenda remains in the oil and gas companies when it comes to risk management. Oil and natural gas, both extraction and transport, has a range of important risks both to workers from these activities by accidents at work are exposed to people from neighboring villages (major accident) and for the environment.This paper presents theoretical and practical considerations regarding the implementation of the concept of risk management in their activity in the oil and gas industry and emphasizes the aspects of the environmental risks of oil industry. In the first part of the paper theoretical considerations are made on risk management and risk management standard. In the second part also presents practical aspects of how risk management is implemented in the oil and gas industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Makino, Sota, Takeshi Onishi, Akika Itoh, Issei Sato, Tomohumi Huzita, and Chihiro Kayo. "Sustainable Campus: Reducing Environmental and Financial Burdens by Using Pruned Branches for On-Campus Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137480.

Full text

Abstract:

Sustainability activities on university campuses are an important part of building a sustainable society. As a part of this effort, the present study quantitatively evaluated the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and disposal costs upon use of pruned branches for on-campus energy use in a Japanese university. The pruned branches are currently used off campus as fuel for biomass power generation, whereas the proposed systems include their on-campus use for heating through wood-chip heaters in a greenhouse or through wood stoves in buildings. The GHG balance was evaluated using a life-cycle assessment, and the cumulative costs over a 20 y period were estimated. Using pruned branches for on-campus heating was 70–180% more effective in reducing GHG emissions than the current off-campus power generation system. Using branches for heating eliminated the emissions produced by the transportation of pruned branches off campus and had higher thermal efficiency than power generation, which was conducive to the replacement of larger quantities of fossil fuel. In addition, the payback period of the proposed systems was estimated at 2 and 4 y for wood stove and wood-chip heater systems, respectively. For the 20 y period, the cumulative costs can be reduced by approximately 20%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Astakhov, A. S., A. D. Khaitun, and G. E. Subbotin. "Socioeconomic Aspects of Oil and Gas Development in West Siberia." Annual Review of Energy 14, no. 1 (November 1989): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.14.110189.001001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Litvak, Serhii, and Olga Litvak. "Some Aspects of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Using Biofuels." Journal of Ecological Engineering 21, no. 8 (November 1, 2020): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/126967.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zueva, Svetlana, Andrey A. Kovalev, Yury V. Litti, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Valentina Innocenzi, and Ida De Michelis. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Biomethane Production from Organic Waste in Russia." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175244.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), only a tiny fraction of the full potential of energy from biomass is currently exploited in the world. Biogas is a good source of energy and heat, and a clean fuel. Converting it to biomethane creates a product that combines all the benefits of natural gas with zero greenhouse gas emissions. This is important given that the methane contained in biogas is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2). The total amount of CO2 emission avoided due to the installation of biogas plants is around 3380 ton/year, as 1 m3 of biogas corresponds to 0.70 kg of CO2 saved. In Russia, despite the huge potential, the development of bioenergy is rather on the periphery, due to the abundance of cheap hydrocarbons and the lack of government support. Based on the data from an agro-industrial plant located in Central Russia, the authors of the article demonstrate that biogas technologies could be successfully used in Russia, provided that the Russian Government adopted Western-type measures of financial incentives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Jelínková, Zuzana, Jan Moudrý, Jaroslav Bernas, Marek Kopecký, Jan Moudrý, and Petr Konvalina. "Environmental and economic aspects of Triticum aestivum L. and Avena sativa growing." Open Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2016-0069.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper deals with the assessment of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa) grown in Central Europe within the conventional and organic farming systems in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and economic profitability. Organic farming may be one of the tools for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. In the context of crop production, cereals rank among the most commonly grown crops and therefore bread wheat and oat were chosen. The Climate change impact category was assessed within the simplified LCA method and the production of greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO2e per the production unit was calculated. Economic balance of the cultivation of monitored cereals was compiled based on the yields, farm gate prices and costs. On its basis, the cultivation of wheat within the organic farming system appears to be the most profitable. From an environmental point of view, the emission load of the organic farming system is reduced by 8.04 % within the wheat production and by 15.46 % within the oat cultivation. Therefore, the organic farming system in the Czech Republic appears to be more environmentally friendly and economically efficient within the cereals production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Vella, Alfred J., Bernardette Mintoff, and Victor Axiak. "Analytical aspects of the gas chromatographic determination of tributyltin and metabolites in environmental samples." Science of The Total Environment 258, no. 1-2 (August 2000): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00508-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Abd Elhamid, M. H., A. Dailly, and M. Cai. "Environmental Aspects of Using Metal Organic Frameworks as Adsorbents in Natural Gas Storage Systems." ECS Transactions 72, no. 17 (October 11, 2016): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07217.0123ecst.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Betancourt Astete, Robinson, Nicolás Gutiérrez-Cáceres, Marcela Muñoz-Catalán, and Tomas Mora-Chandia. "Direct Improvement in the Combustion Chamber and the Radiant Surface to Reduce the Emission of Particles in Biomass Cooking Stoves Used in Araucanía, Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 7205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137205.

Full text

Abstract:

Solid particle emissions from burning wood in three internal combustion biomass cooking stoves commonly used in southern Chile were compared. Each stove was used to show differences in sealing systems, combustion chamber shape, and heating surfaces in order to optimize biomass combustion and the energy produced at a low manufacturing cost. The influence of cooking stove design along with particle and gas emissions that resulted from the biomass combustion within the cooking stove was investigated in this study. Levels of diverse atmospheric contaminants, such as particulate matter, emission factor, NOx, CO2, and CO, and the temperature of the flue gases were determined with the Ch-28 method and UNE-EN 12815. The average emission of particulate matter was significantly reduced by modifying the geometry of the combustion chamber and heating surface of each stove, resulting in 5 g/h particle emissions in conventional equipment and 2 g/h in the improved equipment. In relation to gas emissions, there was a 25% maximum decrease in NOx gases and 35% in CO after modifying the heating surface of each stove. This background supports the evidence of technological improvement with high environmental impact and low economic cost for local manufacturers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Banks, Ferdinand E. "Some aspects of natural gas and economic development – a short note." OPEC Review 16, no. 2 (June 1992): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0076.1992.tb00430.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Bamwesigye, Dastan, Petr Kupec, Georges Chekuimo, Jindrich Pavlis, Obed Asamoah, Samuel Antwi Darkwah, and Petra Hlaváčková. "Charcoal and Wood Biomass Utilization in Uganda: The Socioeconomic and Environmental Dynamics and Implications." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 8337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208337.

Full text

Abstract:

Charcoal and firewood fuel biomass utilization is thought to be the main cause of deforestation in Uganda. Moreover, the practice of utilizing charcoal and wood fuel in Uganda is said to impact the health of many women and children in the region. The goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze charcoal and wood fuel utilization processes in Uganda and sub-Saharan Africa and the environmental and socioeconomic dynamics and implications. The study equally intended to model out some possible improvements to wood fuel use while conserving natural forests. Both qualitative and qualitative approaches were used to study the charcoal and wood fuel energy situation in Uganda. The study collected field data (sample size: 199) which was subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings show that over 90% of households in Uganda and the sub- Saharan region use firewood and charcoal wood fuel, and that this fuel use creates social and environmental hazards. Our findings are also in agreement with numerous empirical studies showing that firewood and charcoal biomass are among the major causes of deforestation in Uganda and the sub-Saharan region. Ceteris paribus, we propose the adoption of Improved Eco-Stoves (ICE), which not only enable comprehensive combustion but also lessen the quantity of firewood used by more than 60%, together with policy decisions on the government of Uganda, given peoples willingness to take on alternative energy sources such as gas and electricity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Stepanyuk, Halyna, and Volodymyr Boiko. "PROBLEMS AND SPECIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS OIL AND GAS COMPANIES." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 3-4(22-23) (2018): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2018/3-4(22-23)/10.

Full text

Abstract:

The methodical approach for procedure of environmental and economic diagnosis of industrial hazardous oil and gas companies is offered. The basic principles of ecological and economic diagnosis are substantiated. The system of indicators for assessing the ecological and economic level of industrial hazardous oil and gas companies is presented. It characterizes the ecological and economic processes of oil and gas companies in a complex way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Westlund, Åsa Dillner, Eva Hagland, and Maria Rothman. "Operational aspects on foaming in digesters caused by microthrix parvicella." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0787.

Full text

Abstract:

Foaming in the digesters has been observed several times at three large waste water treatment plants in Stockholm, Sweden. The foam is caused by the filamentous organism Microthrix parvicella, a hydrophobic filament which traps the gas bubbles and creates a foam. The foam in the digesters causes economical loss and a security hazard. Different solutions to prevent problems with foaming has been tried and applied. By increasing the sludge load in the biological stage the growth of Microthrix parvicella can be reduced. Decreasing the sludge level in the digesters or installing mixers in the gas phase can prevent the foam from blocking the gas pipe. Heating (70°C, 5 min) the excess sludge has in lab scale been shown to change the foam potential of activated sludge with a high content of Microthrix parvicella and could be used as a solution to prevent foaming.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Gas stoves'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles