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1
O’Rourke, Eileen. "Drivers of Land Abandonment in the Irish Uplands: A Case Study." European Countryside 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0011.
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Abstract Land abandonment is a complex multi-dimensional process with interlinked economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper presents a case study of an isolated hill sheep farming community in SW Ireland, where a combination of low incomes, ageing population, lack of successors and strong environmental constraints are perceived to be among the main factors leading to their demise. However, the uplands they have grazed for generations are of high nature conservation value, and depend on active management to maintain both their ecology and landscapes. The research, which is based on a combination of interviews and farming systems research, highlights the misfit between what the mountain can produce, light hill lamb, and what the globalised market demands. The paper argues that if ‘farming for conservation’ is the new function of such farming systems, then we should consider decoupling public goods payments from agricultural subsidies, along with integrating agriculture in disadvantaged areas within a broader rural development framework. The research aims to fill the gap between macro policy and the micro reality of an upland community on a self-declared ‘tipping point’.
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Crofoot, A. "Impact of Government and regulatory policy on hill country farming." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3256.
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New Zealand has a long history of Government policy affecting agriculture. Some policy interventions, such as Producer Boards were long-lived, others like Land Development Encouragement Loans and the Supplementary Minimum Price scheme ramped up quickly and were then dismantled. Currently, the National Policy for Freshwater Management and the Emissions Trading Scheme are having mixed effects on hill country farmers. While regulation is often seen by farmers as a negative, environmental regulation has the potential to be used for market advantage. Farmers need to engage in policy and regulation development as they can help avoid unintended consequences. If they do not then they are ceding control of important aspects of their business to others. This paper explores some of the impacts of past and present policy on hill country farming from a farmer's perspective, and based on 9 years of regular involvement in development and implementation of policy at a local, regional and national level. Keywords: policy, National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management, Emissions Trading Scheme, farmer engagement
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Kemp, P. D., and I. F. López. "Hill country pastures in the southern North Island of New Zealand: an overview." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3241.
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The 4 million ha of hill country pastures in New Zealand grow mostly on steep slopes and soils of naturally low soil fertility. Pastures are based on approximately 25 exotic species introduced within the last 130 years after the forest was cleared and burnt. Despite the environmental constraints and naturalised species, hill country is a major contributor to agricultural exports. The landscape and the pastures are spatially diverse, with slope and aspect strongly influencing the abundance and production of pasture species. The number of pasture species present is relatively stable, but the relative abundance of high fertility grass species (e.g. perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne), low fertility grass species (e.g. browntop, Agrostis capillaris) and legumes (e.g. white clover, Trifolium repens) can be shifted towards high fertility grass species and legumes through the interaction of phosphate fertiliser application and grazing decisions (that is, sheep versus cattle, stocking rate, grazing management). Increased proportions of desirable species and improved soil fertility and structure can support sustainable farming systems. There are challenges such as soil erosion and nutrient loss into waterways, but these are more readily managed when the pastoral system is productive and profitable. Keywords: slope, pasture condition, browntop, perennial ryegrass, soil characteristics
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Morrison, Charles A., Victoria C. F. Westbrooke, and Jim L. Moir. "Potential profit gains from improving pasture productivity on New Zealand South Island high-country farms." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 82 (October 18, 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.450.
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Soil acidity combined with low levels of key nutrients on New Zealand hill-country farms are limiting factors for legume establishment/growth. However, legumes are a critical component of these farms as they provide nitrogen and high-quality feed. A farm-systems model was developed to estimate the impact of targeted fertiliser and lime application, combined with sowing clover, on whole-farm productivity and profitability. A base model was developed that incorporated 17 years’ worth of Beef + Lamb NZ survey data for Class 1: South Island Farms. This base model was then used investigate two lime-application/oversowing models where part of the modelled high-country farm was targeted for improvement: (1) Conservative, i.e. 0.6% farm area; and (2) Aggressive, i.e. 2.8% farm area. Three scenarios to utilise the additional pasture grown were then investigated for each model by: (a) increasing ewe numbers; (b) increasing ewe performance (lambing percentage); and (c) increasing liveweight gain of stock. Scenario 2a, generated the highest profitability level (Earnings before Interest Tax and Rent, EBITR $58,870) above the base model but became less financially attractive when the two years required to build the maternal ewe flock were factored in. Scenarios 2c and 1b generated increases in profitability (EBITR) between $33,310 and $41,290 above the base model. Variation in product prices, production levels and time to develop the final farm-management system would also influence the productivity and profitability of the scenarios. Environmental aspects, infrastructure and staff availability would affect the suitability of the development for individual farming businesses.
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Jha, Vibhash C., and Subhasis Ghosh. "Environmental Risk Assessment: A Geomorphic Investigation over the Bolpur-Santiniketan-Illambazar Lateritic Patch of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1733.
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A proper geomorphic study of a region can be useful in understanding past and present environmental circumstances and analyzing potential environmental risks. Careful analysis of morphodynamic processes and existing diagnostic landforms reveal several aspects about the origin, characteristics and possible pattern of morpho-climatic interactions on the landscape over temporal scale, which helps significantly in proper terrain evaluation from societal welfare and integrated management point of view, including environmental risk assessment and disaster management. This paper has made a thorough geomorphic investigation based on intensive fieldwork and multi-sourced remote sensing data to characterize the lateritic soil profile and landforms of the study area in respect to their morphology and Physico-chemical properties at the different sites of land degradation to understand the outcome of morphoclimatic interactions on the landscape over time, and to evaluate the severity of operation with pedo-geomorphic constraints in the lateritic environment for sustainable management purposes. It is found that the region is highly sensitive to weathering, mass movement and denudational activities, mainly caused by rainwater erosion which has resulted into varied landforms including well-developed rills and gullies, lateritic ridges, isolated residual hills etc and generated a unique identity to this part of the lateritic region. The study also suggested a model for the development of geomorphic landforms in a lateritic terrain based on past and present morphoclimatic interactions, nature of physiography, lithology, soil characteristics and other biotic and abiotic elements. The region is also found to be a subject to moderate to severe land degradation due to the active geomorphic processes in operation in tropical regions and inherently poor physical and chemical formation of the existing soil profile and radical conversion of land uses as observed at cadastral level leading towards irresistible desertification. Annual topsoil loss amount has been calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method. Three sample Mouzas namely Ballavpur, Shyambati and Chawpahari jungle have been assessed to be having 36.98%, 71.42% and 61.73% of degraded land in respect to their total village area. Various conservative measures like stabilization of gully heads and beds through reforestation and afforestation with cutting earth plug, brush fills and check dams; improvement of the irrigation network, suitable dryland farming etc. have been recommended to arrest the desertification process.
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Kerr, G. A. "Why a hill country symposium?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3251.
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Introduction When I was young the hill country was where the store lambs came from. But with the flatter and generally better land being lost to the likes of urban and dairy farming expansion, New Zealand's hill country is now the key breeding platform, and is increasingly being required to finish stock for the red meat sector - a sector that generates nearly $8 billion/year in export earnings for the country. Hill country farmers, their service providers and local communities face notable challenges including continuing pressure on profitability, rural depopulation and climate change, as well as environmental pressure around the 'right to farm' from the greater New Zealand population. However, there are also great success stories in terms of the improvements in productivity and environmental stewardship that have been made in the hill country. The Hill Country Symposium (HCS) will update relevant research and present some of the industry's successes. However, our main aim is as a group to answer two questions: What does a profitable and resilient future for our hill country farming look like? What do we, collectively
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Dahal, Ngamindra, Roshan Man Bajracharya, and Juerg Merz. "Prospects of bicar as soil amendment in Nepal hill farming systems." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 17 (May 7, 2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v17i0.19865.
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Burning of biomass under controlled temperature and oxygen limited environment produces biochar along with syn-gases and bio-oil. A significant volume of literatures portray biochar as a remedial option to meet growing needs of amending agricultural soils for global food security and carbon sequestration to curb climate change. Biochar has generated huge interests among agro-practitioners mainly for its two sets of benefits. The first set of benefits is about desirable changes in soil function that includes enhanced soil microbial activity, retention of nutrients and moisture, alkaline effect for treating acidic soils and, increased porosity on soil structure. The second set includes enhanced adaptive capacity of agricultural systems to climate change impacts, and, carbon sequestration due to its recalcitrant nature that remain in soil for a very long period. These acclaimed effects of biochar on soils are among the much sought-after remedies to heal a number of soil health ailments that millions of farmers and policy planners are looking for. However, effectiveness of biochar has yet to be examined carefully in different soil types over diverse topography corresponding with local cropping patterns. Matching properties of soils with those of biochar is a prerequisite for any interventions aimed at soil amendment. Properties of biochar generally depend on feedstock types, and temperatures during pyrolysis. This review analyses major published works on different aspects of biochar with the key question of whether promotion of biochar could be a viable solution to address some of the critical concerns of soil productivity in the Nepal mid hills and concludes with a note that there are serious knowledge gaps in two fronts – systematic practice of biochar production and application in agricultural farms is yet to take off, and, documented evidences of effectiveness of biochar on various soil types and cropping patterns are insignificant.
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Jelínková, Zuzana, Jan Moudrý, Jaroslav Bernas, Marek Kopecký, Jan Moudrý, and Petr Konvalina. "Environmental and economic aspects of Triticum aestivum L. and Avena sativa growing." Open Life Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2016-0069.
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AbstractThis paper deals with the assessment of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa) grown in Central Europe within the conventional and organic farming systems in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and economic profitability. Organic farming may be one of the tools for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. In the context of crop production, cereals rank among the most commonly grown crops and therefore bread wheat and oat were chosen. The Climate change impact category was assessed within the simplified LCA method and the production of greenhouse gas emissions expressed in CO2e per the production unit was calculated. Economic balance of the cultivation of monitored cereals was compiled based on the yields, farm gate prices and costs. On its basis, the cultivation of wheat within the organic farming system appears to be the most profitable. From an environmental point of view, the emission load of the organic farming system is reduced by 8.04 % within the wheat production and by 15.46 % within the oat cultivation. Therefore, the organic farming system in the Czech Republic appears to be more environmentally friendly and economically efficient within the cereals production.
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Scott, D., J. M. Keoghan, G. G. Cossens, L. A. Maunsell, M. J. S. Floate, B. J. Wills, and G. Douglas. "Limitations to pasture production and choice of species." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 3 (January 1, 1985): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.3.1985.3320.
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The South Island hill and high country is defined as those areas which were in natural grassland at the time of early European settlement. This includes the major geographical regions of dry hill and high country of Marlborough, Canterbury and North Otago, and the wet acid tussock grasslands of Otago and Southland. To define the most appropriate pasture species for farming in these areas, it is first necessary to define the appropriate environmental factors since they largely determine the types of farming systems possible. Once this has been done, it will be found that there are only one or two pasture species which are the best option in each environment or farming system.
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Lane, P. M. S., and B. E. Willoughby. "Helicropping - early adopters' experiences." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.573.
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Abstract Aerial establishment of pasture and crops in hill country in New Zealand has received mixed publicity. Popularly referred to as 'spray and pray' this detracts from the success some practitioners have achieved with 'helicropping', a highly structured process that has the potential to markedly change hill country farming. Four farmers with an average of 4.5 years (range 2 to 7 years) of helicropping in New Zealand hill country were interviewed using a semi-structured snowball technique. Cross-case analysis was used to analyse themes of learning experience of helicropping, crop establishment, utilisation and economics, and the management of potential risk of soil loss from hill country cropping and harvest. Generally, all aspects ranked highly in terms of success. However, there was a strong message that this was attributable to strictly following a prescribed process that reduced risks both to a profitable return and to soil conservation. Keywords: hill country, soil conservation, pasture renovation, no tillage
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Mckenzie, D. "Farming into the future - innovation technology and efficiency." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.484.
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My wife Jo and I are shareholding managers of Patitapu Station at Alfredton in the North Wairarapa. It is a family business consisting of 2550 ha (1760 ha effective) predominately hill country, approximately half way between the Tararua ranges and Castlepoint. It runs 17 500 s.u, 75% sheep, 25 % cattle, predominantly breeding with some finishing. It is highly variable in terms of contour, aspect, soil type, altitude and climate. Patitapu was purchased and developed by my father from 2000. This development has covered all aspects of the farm. With Wairere as an example on our southern boundary, the backbone of the development plan was traditional with the tried and true recipe of fencing/water, fertiliser/lime and hoof and tooth pasture development. A 200 ha block was roller crushed and developed out of gorse and scrub. All of the infrastructure has been upgraded, flock genetics changed and 120 ha of cultivatable ground brought in.
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Stevens, D. R., M. J. Casey, and K. A. Cousins. "Farming systems research: purpose, history and impact in New Zealand hill country." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3261.
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A review of the literature accessed 234 papers that referenced farm or farming systems research in New Zealand hill country. These were categorised into resource allocation/productivity, modelling, farm studies and sociology. Sociology was further categorised into social, cultural, resilience, policy and regulation, and system behaviour and change. Farming systems research developed over the 5 decades studied from 9 papers in 1960-1975, to a peak of 60 papers during the 1986-1995 decade. The number of papers accessed during the latest decade, 2006-2015, was 57. The focus of research has changed significantly from an initial emphasis on biophysical processes and productivity, peaking in the 1976-1985 decade and then tapering off. This provided data for the development of models that could generate many more comparisons at lower cost. Modelling of the biophysical farm and economic outcomes has been steady through the decades from 1986 to present. The impacts of policy and regulation have featured strongly in the 1986-1995 decade after agricultural deregulation, and again in the 2006-2015 decade as consumer and societal concerns about the environment have emerged. Resilience of the farming system, encompassing production, economic, social and environmental trade-offs, has emerged as a topic being most prevalent in the most recent decade from 2006-2015. The discipline of farm systems research has also matured over this time as a greater range of research techniques, over a wider range of subject matter have been applied. An evolution of the discipline has also seen the integration of the principles of complex adaptive systems into the work. Keywords: cultural, economic, environmental, farm systems, modelling, policy, production, regulation, resilience, social
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Sari, Biha Melati, Bustanul Arifin, and Yaktiworo Indriani. "KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI MANGGIS PROGRAM SERTIFIKAT PRIMA DI KECAMATAN KOTA AGUNG KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 6, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v6i3.271-278.
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This research aims to analyze the performance of mangosteen farming and certification benefits of sustainable mangosteen farming development in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects. The location of the research is decided purposely in Terdana, Kota Agung, Tanggamus District. The samples of this research are 54 farmers whose products have been certified by prima. The performance of mangosteen farming is assessed by R / C ratio. The results showed that the performance of mangosteen farming in terms of R / C ratio per-ha was 6.91; it meant that each cash cost incurred by farmers of Rp1.00 then the farmers would receive revenue of Rp6.91 (could provide benefits on economical aspects). Prima Certification Program of mangosteen farming in Terdana, Kota Agung, Tanggamus district was quite sustainable in economic, social, and environmental aspects, in which sustainability index were 67.90; 71.02 and 72.82Key words: farm income , mangosteen, prima certification, sustainability
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Waterhouse, A., L. C. Roger, and S. W. Ashworth. "Reducing lamb mortality in hill sheep." BSAP Occasional Publication 15 (1992): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00004249.
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Lamb mortality is high in hill farming systems. This is not a new phenomenon. Orr and Fraser (1932) reported losses of lambs between birth and weaning of over 30% and indeed an annual ewe death rate of up to 24%.Poor nutrition, of both macro- and micro-nutrients, is a prime cause of this problem exaggerated by difficult environmental conditions at the time of birth. Improved nutrition during late pregnancy was believed to be the most important (Wallace, 1948) and nutrition during mid pregnancy received scant attention. However, applied experiments with mid-pregnancy feeding of hill ewes (Milne, 1984; Waterhouse and McClelland, 1987) showed very significant effects of better nutrition during this period. The present paper summarizes the implementation of improved mid-pregnancy nutrition in a monitored systems study, associated with changes in management in late pregnancy made possible by assessment of foetal numbers from ultrasound pregnancy scanning.
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Rennie, G. M., W. Mcg King, T. L. Knight, B. Devantier, and C. J. Hoogendoorn. "Improving summer and autumn feed quality in New Zealand hill country." Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 76 (January 1, 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2014.76.2956.
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Abstract Management of late spring surpluses to restrict reproductive growth can increase the quality of hillcountry pastures during summer and autumn. This occurs through a reduction in accumulated stem and dead material and an increase in clover content. However, there is little information on the magnitude and longevity of these effects. This trial investigated the effects of four late spring defoliation intensities on herbage quality, measured at the end of spring and during summer. Treatments were applied through regular cutting of hill pastures in areas of medium fertility and slope on two aspects in each of four geo-climatically different hill-farming regions over two years. Pasture herbage quality at the end of spring followed expected trends: defoliation to low residual pasture height led to higher quality herbage. The maximum difference in quality between the lowest cutting height and nil cutting at this time was nearly 2 MJME/kg DM. With a change to uniform cutting height across all plots in early summer, these pasture quality differences reduced and disappeared. Keywords: Pasture quality, hill country, grazing management
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Heryadi, D. Yadi, Betty Rofatin, and Zulfikar Noormansyah. "Semi-organic Rice Farming as a Transition Period to Organic Rice Farming." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v9i1.277.
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Organic rice farming aims to achieve sustainable agriculture. It considers social, economic and environmental aspects. However, in practice, farmers experience various technical and economic constraints upon converting non-organic agriculture practice to organic rice farming. The alternative method is to implement semi-organic farming as a transitional period. The purpose of this study is to review technical / production and economic aspects of non-organic, semi-organic, and organic farming. It is conducted to determine whether semi-organic farming could be utilized as a transition period to organic rice farming. The study used a survey method on 75 farmers working in non-organic, semi organic, and organic farm in Priangan Timur, West Java Province, Indonesia. Article’s result exhibited that, in terms of technical cultivation / production, the majority of semi-organic farmers had carried out the stages of organic cultivation. It generated higher productivity compared to non-organic farming. However, productivity remained below organic farming. In terms of economical aspect, income per hectare and R / C value are higher than non-organic farming. However, it is below organic farming. Semi-organic farming could be used as a transition to organic farming.
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Takácsné György, Katalin. "Economic aspects of an agricultural innovation – precision crop production." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/6.
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Innovation in agriculture ensures the wide-spread use of the latest, up-to-date technology. Such new technology is precision farming in crop production, which serves as a validation of the criteria of environmental and economic sustainability. The economic applicability of precision crop production depends on several factors.Among them the following aspects must be emphasized: the size of the farm, the characteristics of the production structure, the current input-output prices and their tendencies, the investment needed for transitioning to precision technology and its capital source, the level of professional knowledge and the managerial attitudes of the farm. I have examined the economic relations between potential savings in chemicals on EU level. It has been found that after switching to precision farming, the active ingredient use for fertilizers can be reduced by 340 thousand tons at the same expected yield level in an optimistic scenario in the EU-27, while the savings in pesticide use can be 30 thousand tons (calculating with the current dose-level). If approximately 30% of the crop producing and mixed farms over 16 ESU adopt this new technology, this will diminish environmental loads by up to 10-35%. The majority of farms characterized by greater output and size can be based on their own equipment but it might as well be presumed that smaller farms can turn to precision farming not based on their own investment. They can buy the technical service from providers, they can establish producer cooperation, for example in the frame of machinery rings. At a certain farm size and farming intensity precision crop production is a real, environmentally friendly farming strategy, with the help of which the farm can reach earnings that cover at least the economic conditions of simple reproduction.
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Mariño, Mónica, Annette Breckwoldt, Mirta Teichberg, Alfred Kase, and Hauke Reuter. "Livelihood aspects of seaweed farming in Rote Island, Indonesia." Marine Policy 107 (September 2019): 103600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103600.
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Bruhn, J. N., and J. D. Mihail. "Forest farming of shiitake mushrooms: Aspects of forced fruiting." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 23 (December 2009): 5973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.079.
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Borges, Aurélio Ferreira, Edmar da Costa Alves, Maria dos Anjos Cunha Silva Borges, Sérgio Nunes de Jesus, Jessé Alves Batista, and José Luiz Pereira de Rezende. "Social and environmental aspects of family farming at Cacoal City, Rondônia State, Brazil." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 35 (August 28, 2014): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.8084.
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Bhatta, Gopal Datta, and Werner Doppler. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Aspects of Farming Practices in the Peri-Urban Hinterlands of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11 (September 16, 2010): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3649.
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Spatial location of the farm households shapes farming practices and livelihoods of the farmers. Many socio-economic variables have strong spatial relations that would otherwise be missed by data aggregation at household level. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides display and analysis of socio-economic data that may be fundamental for many social scientists to understand socio-economic reality influenced by geographical position of the farm households. Present article aims at integrating socio-economic data into GIS environment to examine spatial relation in the resource availability and use employing spatial and random sampling techniques. Result demonstrates the variation in the socioeconomic attributes along the spatial gradient which is mainly related to the infrastructures such as road, market and improved agro-inputs. While households with better access to these infrastructures have tendency to use more agro-chemicals, have larger family, land holding and livestock units, better off-farm opportunities, commercial farming orientation and hence higher family income; opposite is true for the households with poor access to these infrastructures. Peri-urban farmlands, wherever agro-chemicals are applied imprudently, faces the problems of agro-ecological degradation while rural subsistence farming faces the problem of spatial poverty.Key words: Data integration; GIS; Nepal; Peri-urban area; Spatial explicit assessmentThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 26-39Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010
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Vanhuri, Eddi, Hasnudi Hasnudi, and Yusniar Lubis. "Kajian Kelayakan Pembentukan Sentra Peternakan Sapi di Sumatera Utara (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Batubara)." AGRISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Agribisnis 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agrisains.v1i1.217.
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The aims of study to analyze the feasibility of cow farming center in Batubara Regency from financial aspect and non financial aspect, and to analyze the pattern of development of cow farming center in Batubara Regency. This research using a quantitative approach with survey on the type of research. The sample was determined by simple random sampling method, 50 people. The data collection through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using financial feasibility and non financial feasibility. The results showed that the cow farming center in the Batubara Regency from the investment criteria of business activities is feasible, the R / C value is 1.61. The cow farming center in Batubara Regency based on nonfinancial aspects is feasible in terms of market, social, economic, and cultural aspects as well as environmental aspects. Meanwhile, from the technical aspects, management and legal aspects, still need to be addressed. The development of cow farming center in Batubara Regency can be done with the pattern of community livestock with the system of integration to the surrounding areas by arranging and cooperation between various related parties, especially the plantation, that is: the area integration of cow-palm; cow-rubber integration areas; and the integration of cow-food crops.
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Waters, G. F. "UK policy for the conservation and rural economy of the hills and uplands." BSAP Occasional Publication 18 (January 1994): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001452.
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AbstractThere has been a long history, nearly 50 years, of support by the government for farming in the upland areas and the modern schemes continue the essential features of support that have been developed over the years. However the justification for the support has changed with time, from maximizing production to more social issues. It is now being recognized that the hill farmer's efforts have helped create and maintain one of our most attractive national assets and it is this environmental benefit which increasingly provides much of the justification for continued public support for hill farming. So the government's policies are important in two respects: the vital rôle of economic support and the encouragement of farmers to manage their land with greater concern for the environment.On the economic front, one of the most important ways that support is provided to upland farming is through HLCAs. Also vitally important are the EC sheepmeat regime and the changes made to that regime and the EC beef regime in the recent CAP reform settlement.The government's encouragement of farmers to manage their land with greater concern for the environment is increasing in importance and there are a number of ways in which this encouragement is delivered. The government has built on the success of Environmentally Sensitive Areas. As well as ESAs, there are other schemes available to farmers such as the Farm and Conservation Grant Scheme. In addition, an opportunity to develop a coherent framework for the delivery of a number of environmental schemes has presented itself as a result of the CAP reform. However, Government support should not be thought of as the only source of extra income for hill farmers. The farmer and the farmer's family should use every opportunity open to them to maximize their income.
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Špička, Jindřich, Tomáš Vintr, Renata Aulová, and Jana Macháčková. "Trade-off between the economic and environmental sustainability in Czech dual farm structure." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 6 (June 22, 2020): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/390/2019-agricecon.
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Agricultural holdings select goals in various areas when setting their strategic objectives. Economic objectives tend to be viewed as strategic because of the requirement to maximise economic profit for the owners. Since there is significant interaction between agricultural holdings and the environment, it is also important to monitor the environmental aspects of farming. The article seeks to draw on unique multicriteria assessment to compare the compatibility of economic and environmental objectives at 1 189 agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic, broken down by farming specialisation and economic size on the basis of figures from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). A trade-off between environmental sustainability and economic performance occurs primarily among farming specialisation categories, where we found two extremes – intensive field cropping with high economic performance and low environmental sustainability, and, at the other end of the scale, extensive cattle farming with lower economic performance and high environmental sustainability. Within the farming specialisation categories, however, there was no significant correlation, with the exception of milk production, where the use of soil organic matter, a higher proportion of soil improving crops (for fodder) and greening made a positive contribution to the higher economic performance of farms.
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Luxton, D. M. "Aspects of the farming and processing of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Indonesia." Hydrobiologia 260-261, no. 1 (June 1993): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00049042.
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Biao, Xie, and Wang Xiaorong. "Organic Agriculture in China." Outlook on Agriculture 32, no. 3 (September 2003): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101294424.
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Organic agriculture, a new model for farming development, has set itself the goals of minimization of environmental pollution and sustainability of farming systems. In recent years, organic agriculture has developed rapidly and spread around the world. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of organic agriculture in China with regard to how it is organized, the production base and marketing, technical aspects, standards and regulations, international cooperation, publicity and training. The authors also examine the restrictions on organic farming development and the basis for organic farming expansion. Recommendations for stimulating the success of organic farming are put forward.
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Marindra, Gita, Bustanul Arifin, and Yaktiworo Indriani. "ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI KOPI SERTIFIKASI COMMON CODE FOR THE COFFEE COMMUNITY (4C) DI KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS PROVINSI LAMPUNG." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 6, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v6i4.376-383.
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This research aims to analyze farming income and sustainability of farming practices of coffee certification farmers and coffee non-certification farmers in Tanggamus Regency. This research used survey method. The numbers of samples in this research were 44 respondents of certification farmers and 24 respondents of non-certification farmers. The data was collected from August 2017 to November 2017. The data was analyzed by quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that farming income of certification farmers were higher than non-certification farmers. Socially and environmental sustainable farming practices of certification farmers were more sustainable than non-certification farmers. Sustainability of economy, social and environmental aspects of certification farmers were more sustainable than non-certification farmers. Total of farming income of certification farmers and non-certification farmers were Rp16,330,309 per hectare and Rp10,637,482 per hectare. About 93.20% of certification farmers’s farming were sustainable, while about 91.70% of non-certification farmers’s farming were quite sustainable. Key words: certification, coffee, farming, sustainability
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Halberg, Niels. "Assessment of the environmental sustainability of organic farming: Definitions, indicators and the major challenges." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 6 (November 2012): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-035.
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Halberg, N. 2012. Assessment of the environmental sustainability of organic farming: Definitions, indicators and the major challenges. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 981–996. The debate over agricultural sustainability continues due to the challenges of reducing externalities of intensive farming methods and preserving vital natural capital, but many definitions of sustainability are too wide to allow for a prioritized assessment. This paper uses a more narrow definition of agricultural sustainability focusing on the functional integrity of a system to highlight specific aspects of vital importance for the long-term resilience and reproducibility of agricultural systems. Key areas of resource sufficiency are also identified. Based on a review of scientific literature the relative sustainability of organic agriculture is assessed with a focus on environmental impact and resource use in Europe and North America. While there are many examples of organic agriculture with improved performance in terms of soil fertility and preservation of biodiversity, in other aspects – such as resource use per kilogram product – the difference to conventional farming is less important. The paper presents a framework for selection of indicators based on the principles of organic agriculture which may be used to monitor and improve the performance of organic agriculture with respect to functional integrity and resource sufficiency. The differences between comparable organic farms may be used for improving farm practices through a benchmarking process.
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Halliday, M. M., and R. L. Knowles. "Farm forestry for economic and environmental sustainability - A new decision support system for farm foresters." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 10 (January 1, 2003): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.10.2003.2981.
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The objective of this programme is to provide farm foresters and others with knowledge about sustainable and profitable land use with commercial tree crops. Initially the study examined the role of trees in stabilising soils when planted on eroding hill country pasture. Three species - radiata pine, Douglas-fir, and poplar - were compared for effects in reducing erosion. Tree size, tree stocking per hectare, root tensile strength, and rate of decay of roots after harvest were found to be important. Erosion control becomes effective once a stand of trees reached the equivalent of 30 tonnes/ha of radiata pine root biomass. Silviculture, and choice of species, determines to what extent this critical threshold is achieved. Decision support software, developed in this programme as "calculators', estimate the 'Equivalent Farming Gross Margin' of crops of radiata pine, and Douglas-fir, compared to the livestock previously grazing the land. The calculators, which run under Microsoft EXCELTM, also allow the identification of the most profitable silviculture for the tree crop, and generate yield tables. The calculators are being applied in two case studies; the first involves calibrating the radiata pine calculator for Hawkes Bay and the Wairarapa against actual tree data. Calibration of the calculator for bare land is also being studied. The second study will investigate how well tree crops can compete financially with pastoral farming systems in the Lake Taupo catchment, where there are increasing concerns about nutrient in-flows from pastoral farming. Further enhancements of the calculators are planned which will permit calibration against younger stands, and evaluation of a much wider range of silviculture. Keywords: farm forestry, erosion, root biomass, root strength, financial return, IRR, PNW, farming gross margin, Pinus radiata, Douglas-fir, poplar
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Rhodes, A. P., M. J. Casey, T. A. Payne, and M. Brown. "Over the fence: understanding what people do and how they might change." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3258.
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Landholders in New Zealand hill country are being challenged in the future to provide the resource for increasing agricultural productivity while balancing social and environmental demands. This will lead to an increasingly complex ecosystem which challenges simple approaches to achieving change on farm. This paper discusses principles such as degree of complexity, systems thinking in farming systems, knowledge, and barriers to decision making and adoption in relation to agricultural production systems. These concepts are often little considered or understood where there is an expectation of uptake of new technologies or an increased rate of practice change. Better understanding and consideration of these concepts could help in the development and design of more effective extension programmes. Keywords: behaviour change, adoption, extension, farming systems, complexity, barriers, knowledge
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Conington, J., S. C. Bishop, B. Grundy, A. Waterhouse, and and G. Simm. "Multi-trait selection indexes for sustainable improvement of UK hill sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004221.
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Profitability of hill sheep enterprises depends on both maternal and lamb traits, and selection programmes should include all aspects of performance. However, the relative contribution of different traits to overall profitability depends on the type of hill farm and, specifically, the severity of the environmental constraints on the farm (Coningtonet al., 2000). The objective of this paper is to derive and evaluate selection indexes for holistic and sustainable genetic improvement of hill sheep on ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ hill farms by considering carcass, maternal and ‘sustainability’ traits simultaneously.
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Wray, C., and J. A. Morris. "Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006068x.
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It has been known for a considerable time thatEscherichia coli, although a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract, can also be associated with a variety of pathological conditions in man, farm animals and poultry.When Escherich (1885) isolated from the faeces of a newborn baby an organism which is now accepted asE. coli, he considered it to be a harmless saprophyte. Laruelle (1889) was the first to suggest the possible pathogenicity of this organism, while Jensen (1893) showed that it was the cause of white scour in calves. The development of reliable serological methods facilitated the differentiation of strains and numerous workers have demonstrated an association between certain serological types ofE. coliand various disease conditions in animals. Enteric diseases in young animals are an important cause of mortality and economic loss to the farming community.
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Johnson, J., and B. G. Merrell. "Practical pasture management in hill and upland systems." BSAP Occasional Publication 18 (January 1994): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001488.
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AbstractThe imbalance in area of conservation to grazing has resulted in systems which attempt to maximize grazing and minimize winter feeding. This is rendered more difficult by the short growing season and generally poorer quality of indigenous vegetation when compared with, for example, perennial ryegrass and white clover. Recent changes in government policy discourage land improvement and emphasis nowadays concentrates on maximizing use of, for example, moorland whilst at the same time maintaining its longer-term production and environmental quality. Sward height guidelines can be used to optimize production and utilization of sown grassland for sheep and cattle. Information is also available to integrate heather moorland into farming systems, as a result of an increased understanding of grazing preferences. It remains as important as ever to maintain production from the limited area of improved ground, and improvements in perennial ryegrass and white clover varieties can be introduced successfully into hill and upland systems. Change in such systems however is often constrained by both social and economic factors and this needs to be acknowledged if the agricultural emphasis in the hills and uplands is to have proper direction.
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Martin, Michael, and Elvira Molin. "Environmental Assessment of an Urban Vertical Hydroponic Farming System in Sweden." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 4124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154124.
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With an expanding population and changing dynamics in global food markets, it is important to find solutions for more resilient food production methods closer to urban environments. Recently, vertical farming systems have emerged as a potential solution for urban farming. However, although there is an increasing body of literature reviewing the potential of urban and vertical farming systems, only a limited number of studies have reviewed the sustainability of these systems. The aim of this article was to understand the environmental impacts of vertical hydroponic farming in urban environments applied to a case study vertical hydroponic farm in Stockholm, Sweden. This was carried out by evaluating environmental performance using a life cycle perspective to assess the environmental impacts and comparing to potential scenarios for improvement options. The results suggest that important aspects for the vertical hydroponic system include the growing medium, pots, electricity demand, the transportation of raw materials and product deliveries. By replacing plastic pots with paper pots, large reductions in GHG emissions, acidification impacts, and abiotic resource depletion are possible. Replacing conventional gardening soil as the growing medium with coir also leads to large environmental impact reductions. However, in order to further reduce the impacts from the system, more resource-efficient steps will be needed to improve impacts from electricity demand, and there is potential to develop more symbiotic exchanges to employ urban wastes and by-products.
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Yasnolob, I. O., T. O. Chayka, O. A. Galych, O. S. Kolodii, S. E. Moroz, N. Yu Protsiuk, and I. I. Lotych. "Stimulating the increasing of natural soil fertility: economic and environmental aspects." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (October 29, 2019): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_89.
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The necessity to increase soil fertility by identifying their critical condition, which is associated with developing erosion processes, increasing acidity and decreasing humus, has been proven in the article. The requirement of introducing crop rotations and their legal regulation in Ukraine has been determined. The practice connected with the questions of supporting soil quality and crop rotations in different countries, members of the EU has been presented. The assessment of modern farming systems (intensive, organic, no-till, strip-till, precise, bio-enzyme, biogenic) taking into account economic, ecological, technological-energy, and social factors aimed at determining their impact on the natural soil fertility has been conducted. The expediency of improving soil quality in terms of its evaluation has been revealed. The necessity of introducing economic incentives or penalties to landowners or land users for agro-ecological condition of farmlands basing on the methods of land money value has been substantiated.
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Szolnoki, Ágnes. "The management and economical aspects of GPS based machine-control and tractor-implement sincronisation." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 52 (March 20, 2013): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/52/2116.
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Precision farming has an array of technological equipment, elements and complete systems which are in themselves suitable to create conditions for efficient farming, to reduce environmental load and to provide farmers with optimal return on their investment.
On the leading edge of my research is to introduce the economic benefits of precision logistic optimization with satellite navigation in wheat and maize harvesting. My hypothesis, claiming that a well-organized system can increase the number of working days by 4 days per harvesting season in maize, and 2 days in wheat crop. If the farmer makes contract works for harvesting it means for him 2 or 4 days extra work by using the precision farming technologies with satellite communication system. Overall, as pertains to wheat and maize harvest seasons, yearly revenues can be increased by 7 760 000 HUF. I would like to introduce that the precision technologies increase combine costs by merely 5.4% which can be return in the first year of using.
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NICOL, D., and T. TELFORD. "THE WITHA HILL BUILDING STONE QUARRIES AT LANGHOLM, SCOTTISH BORDERS - ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 133, no. 4 (December 1999): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1999.32387.
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Best, J. R. "Change over time in a farming system based on shifting cultivation of hill rice in Sarawak, Malaysia." Agricultural Administration and Extension 29, no. 1 (January 1988): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(88)90024-4.
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Sood, Kamal Kishor. "The Influence of Household Economics and Farming Aspects on Adoption of Traditional Agroforestry in Western Himalaya." Mountain Research and Development 26, no. 2 (May 2006): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2006)26[124:tiohea]2.0.co;2.
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Dey, Sudip, Prasamita Sarkar, Chandrani Debbarma, and Sushmita Paul. "Seismic assessment in southern Baromura hill, northeast India, considering geophysical aspects." Environmental Earth Sciences 66, no. 2 (July 30, 2011): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1249-8.
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Hesse-Biber, Sharlene. "The Role of Hybrid Methodologies in Understanding Complex Environmental Issues and Promoting Social Justice." International Journal for Transformative Research 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijtr-2019-0004.
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Abstract Climate adaptation research often ignores the broader socio-cultural human sphere within which climate change takes place. Dominant viewpoints on climate adaptation derive from the biophysical world that often excludes social, economic, and political contexts that also connect to biophysical changes. Hybrid methodological mixed methods approaches to climate adaptation provide paradigmatically different questions. This perspective is useful for identifying socio-cultural aspects of climatic adaptation. To demonstrate the power of a hybrid approach for interconnecting human and non-human factors implicated in climate adaptation, we deploy an in-depth case study of N. Benin, West African farmers who increasingly must configure their farming methods to tackle erratic changes in weather. The case study examines the role gender dynamics play in climate adaptation that found few gender differences in the ways male and female farmers perceive the biophysical aspects of climate adaptation on their subsistence farming lifestyle from their initial village climate survey. However, the qualitative components of their study uncovered significant gender differences in socio-cultural adaptation challenges, vulnerabilities, and future lifestyle opportunities. We discuss the transformative policy implications about ignoring gender difference and the importance of taking an intersectional approach to variation in climate adaptation policy making.
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Mlček, Jiří, Anna Adámková, Martin Adámek, Marie Borkovcová, Martina Bednářová, Lenka Kouřimská, and Veronika Hlobilová. "Selected aspects of edible insect rearing and consumption – A review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 3 (June 29, 2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/288/2020-cjfs.
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The presented work brings a comprehensive study of edible insect farming with an impact on the environment and human health. The review focuses not only on commonly monitored parameters such as carbon footprint or feed conversion but also on waste management. It also highlights the positive and negative aspects of eating edible insect regarding human health. Compared to other livestock, the rearing of edible insect brings less environmental burden and higher environmental protection. This review aimed to summarise current knowledge and broaden the complex view of the issue.
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Dulbari, Dulbari, Yuriansyah Yuriansyah, Hery Sutrisno, Arief Maksum, Destieka Ahyuni, Lina Budiarti, Hidayat Saputra, and Miranda Ferwita Sari. "Bimbingan Teknis Pertanian Organik sebagai Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Ramah Lingkungan kepada Perkumpulan Kelompok Tani Gapsera Sejahtera Mandiri." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v6i3.1784.
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Organic agriculture was a cultivation system that applies the concept of sustainable agriculture. Organic farming systems depend on natural ingredients without using synthetic chemicals. Organic cultivation was environmentally friendly by farming activities by continuing to minimize negative impacts on the surrounding environment. This activity aims to provide knowledge and skills on the concept of sustainable agriculture, which is carried out through the application of an organic farming system at Polinela Organic Farm. Technical guidance activities are carried out at the Polinela Organic Farm, Lampung State Polytechnic, on Tuesday, March 10, 2020. Participants were the Association of ‘Sejahtera Mandiri’ Farmers Groups Rejo Asri Village, Seputuh Raman, Central Lampung. The application of environmental friendly in agricultural aspects was reflected in the management of the concept of organic agriculture carried out by Polinela Organic Farm. The concept of environmental friendly in agricultural development was implemented by taking into various aspects, such as the use of inorganic fertilizers with high efficiency, the application of pest and disease control by notice the natural ecological balance, the application of integrated crop management, the application of a clean and healthy farming system, the maintenance and strengthening of physical fertility, chemical, and biological in nature and the use of effective technology based on local wisdom.
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Roy, Philippe, Gilles Tremblay, Steven Robertson, and Janie Houle. "“Do it All by Myself”: A Salutogenic Approach of Masculine Health Practice Among Farming Men Coping With Stress." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2015): 1536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315619677.
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Farming is often considered one of the most stressful occupations. At the same time, farming men symbolically represent a strong, traditional, or hegemonic form of masculinity based on stoicism, resourcefulness, and resilience to adversity. A contrast is observed between this social representation and their health status, marked by higher levels of stress, social isolation, psychological distress, and suicide than many other subgroups of men. A salutogenic approach was taken in this study to enable the investigation of the social contexts in which farming men positively engage in health-promoting behaviors that may prevent or ameliorate mental health problems. A focus was placed on how farming men cope with stress on their own, and the relationship of this to their popular image of being resourceful and resilient. Thirty-two individual in-depth interviews with farming men and a focus group with five key informants working in rural areas within the Province of Quebec, Canada, were carried out. Self-distraction and cognitive strategies emerged as the most relevant for participants. Notably, taking work breaks conflicted with the discourse of the “relentless worker” that farmers are expected to be. Pathways to positive coping and recovery implied an ambivalence between contemplation of strategies aligned with negative aspects of traditional masculinity norms in North America and strategies aligned with more positive, progressive aspects of these norms based on the importance of family and work life balance. Health promotion and future research should investigate how various positive masculine practices can be aligned with farmers’ health and well-being and that of their family.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "Research on Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Dairy Farming: A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145502.
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Dairy cows are able to convert fibrous materials, such as grass, roughage, and by-products from the food industry, into milk and meat, which justifies their role in food production. However, modern dairy farming is associated with major sustainability challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions. In order to develop sustainable future production, it is important to implement existing knowledge and fill knowledge gaps. The aim of this study was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic, and social sustainability at farm level in dairy farming. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 and with the geographical focus on Europe, North America, and Australia–New Zealand was included. In total, the literature search resulted in 169 hits, but after removing duplicates and papers outside the study scope only 35 papers remained. Of these, only 11 dealt with the three dimensions of sustainability, and several of these only mentioned one or two of the dimensions or set them in relation to that/those actually studied. Overall, the selected literature did not clearly explain how aspects of sustainability are interlinked, so possible negative or positive interactions between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified.
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Amam, Amam, Moh Wildan Jadmiko, Pradiptya Ayu Harsita, Roni Yulianto, Nur Widodo, Soetriono Soetriono, and Moh Setyo Poerwoko. "Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah di Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang: Identifikasi Sumber Daya dan Kajian Aspek Kerentanan." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 10, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i1.90.
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Resources have an important role in livestock farming business, while the aspect of vulnerability can hamper the development of livestock farming business. The purpose of this study is to identify the resources of dairy cattle farming business and examine its effects on the aspects of vulnerability. The resources of this study consisted of economic resources, environmental resources, and social resources. The research was conducted in June-September 2019 at the Joint Business Group (KUB) of Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang which is located in Malang District, East Java Province. The 174 respondents are all dairy farmers who are the members of the group. The data collection methods used are Focus on Group Discussion (FGD), observation, and survey. The survey method was carried out through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results showed that the vulnerability aspect of dairy cattle farming business was positively and significantly affected by economic and environmental resources (0,249 and 0,317, respectively). On the other hand, social resources had a negative influence, although it was not significant to the vulnerability aspect of dairy cattle farming business. The conclusion of the research shows that the aspect of the vulnerability of dairy cattle farming business is influenced by economic, environmental, and social resources by 29.5%.
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Székács, András, Péter Roszík, Katalin Balázs, László Podmaniczky, and Apolka Ujj. "Agroecological initiatives in Hungary and their Central European aspects." International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 47, no. 3 (December 2020): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2266.
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Agroecology initiatives were first implemented within Central and Eastern Europe in Hungary in the 1980s in response to the environmental and ecological problems of intensive, agrochemical-based agricultural technology. The agroecology sector has grown substantially ever since and is currently facing its second boom, yet Hungary’s level of organic farming remains substantially below the average level in the European Union (EU) and in the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). This review summarizes early and recent agroecology developments in Hungary in the context of the region and the EU in a broader sense, mainly regarding scientific research and policy aspects. The 10-fold growth of the organic agriculture sector in Hungary over the last two decades brings Hungary somewhat closer to the average EU level and is discussed in relation to the regulating legal environment, i.e., the EU’s harmonized Rural Development Program. In addition, the European Green Deal envisions a reduction in pesticide use by 50% by 2030 and supports agroecology to reduce excess fertilization, increase organic farming and reverse biodiversity loss. Hungary pursues these goals through, among others means, the transnational joint initiative of the Visegrad countries, BIOEAST. The environmental risks jeopardizing agroecology are summarized in a systematic context, covering not only agricultural organic microcontaminants but also agricultural biotechnology products and issues in energy utilization efficacy. Related past and current research projects, as well as Hungary’s involvement in the international advancement of agroecology, are outlined.
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Hietala, Reija, Pingyang Liu, and Shengxin Qi. "Does Small-Scale Organic Farming Contribute to the Local Environment—A Case Study in Suburban Shanghai, China." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081601.
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Small-scale organic farming is developing rapidly in China, especially in suburbs of megacities, and enriches the connotation of urban agriculture–. Much attention has been paid to the socio-economic aspects of small-scale organic farming and takes for granted that it contributes to the local environment and the sustainable agriculture while little has been explored regarding its actual environmental contributions and associated influencing factors, especially in those rapid developing suburb areas. Based on the case study of three small-scale organic farms in the suburbs of Shanghai, we examined uncertificated organic farming practices, focusing on the farm diversity, fertilization and pest control without chemical inputs, and the restoration of biosystems. Potential of environmental contributions were evaluated from the production perspective of input reductions. It was found that such uncertificated small-scale organic farming does contribute to the local water environment, helping improve soil quality, and gradual recovery of farm biodiversity. However, all the environmental benefits are fragile and highly dependent on the profit availability and professional knowledge of the farm as well as the availability of policy supports.
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Yasyak, Vaniamon Wira, Suhatmini Hardyastuti, and Slamet Hartono. "Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Mengadopsi Usahatani Sayuran Organik di Kecamatan Getasan Semarang." Jurnal Kawistara 10, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.44983.
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Organic farming has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. Many believe this is necessary to maintain agricultural production while addressing environmental damages caused by conventional farming methods. However, the adoption of organic vegetable farming in Indonesia is still fairly slow. The fact that only a small number of farmers adopt organic farming begs explanation. Studies have shown that intention determines human behaviors. The problem is that intention to choose organic farming does not always manifest in behavior. To address this problem it is helpful to consider three factors affect how intention manifest in behavior, namely attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. Based on in the case study on the central vegetable farming area of Kopeng village where conventional farming is still dominant, this paper analyzes the intention organic farmers in the light of the theory of planned behavior. Applying the SEM-PLS model of analysis, it identifies the key-driver organic farmers. This study found that farmers’ positive attitude toward organic farming is not the main drive in their shift from non-organic to organic farming. Rather than subjective norms, behavior control has the greater influence on the farmers’ choice to adopt organic vegetable farming. Famers view organic agriculture positively; but the main obstacle is the access to information about organics, certification capabilities and other aspects of behavioral control which make adoption rate for organic vegetable farming is still low.
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Anka, IZ, MAR Faruk, MM Hasan, and MAK Azad. "Environmental Issues of Emerging Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Farming in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (June 11, 2014): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19118.
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Pangas farming is one of the fastest growing types of aquaculture in Bangladesh. A study was conducted to understand environmental issues of emerging pangas farming in Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion (FGD) with pangas farmers. All together 40 farmers were interviewed and 6 FGD sessions were conducted in Muktagacha, Trishal and Valuka Upazila of Mymensingh district. Positive and negative aspects of environmental integrity were compared. Potential environmental impacts of pangas farming were assessed using certain parameters like land use pattern, water quality management and eutrophication, pond waste management, use of chemicals and antibiotics, and escape of fish. It was found that conversion of agricultural land and beels into pangas pond were remarkable which leads to the quick loss of agricultural land that reduces rice production. The unutilized feed portion accumulated in pangas ponds produced huge pond bottom waste and caused water quality deterioration. Eutrophication was found as a common problem along with discharge of highly nutrient rich water in the paddy field. Management of pond bottom waste was found quite poor though it has some good use in vegetable production in the pond dyke. Indiscriminate use of chemicals and antibiotics had an adverse impact on the environment and human health.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19118 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 159 - 170, 2013