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1
Mutere, Dr Olga. "Editorial: Managing the Microbial Activity in Food and Environmental Biotechnologies." Open Biotechnology Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701509010030.
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The present issue embraces a broad spectrum of studies focused on applied or potentially applied aspects of microbiology and biotechnology. The papers reflect current scientific and technological investigations, which were performed in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden. Most of them are interdisciplinary, i.e., the expertises in microbiology, biochemistry, chemistry, veterinary, physics, engineering and other fields were applied. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria were tested for their antagonistic activity against mastitis causing bacteria. Three papers are focused on optimization of fermentation processes, using maize silage and acid whey in anaerobic processes, barley and pea fibers as well as lupine seeds for obtaining biologically active compounds. Wastewater treatment processes are represented by studies on the use of pink bark as a sorbent of nitroaromatic compounds; as well as biodegradation of phenols in pharmaceutical wastewaters and combination of nitrification and phosphorous accumulation processes. Newly developed inorganic carriers for solid state and submerged fermentations were tested, e.g., ceramic and alkali-activated beads. The review paper covers basic processes of phytoremediation with special emphasis on rhizoremediation and plant-microbe interactions in a plant–assisted biodegradation in soils and treatment wetlands. Methodological aspects were discussed, in particular, the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in monitoring the sorption and degradation products in wastewaters. A new yeast based test system for rapid evaluation of the effects of various compounds on eukaryotic cells was suggested. Hopefully, you will find the papers included in this issue, interesting and useful.
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Ejeromedoghene, Onome, Mary Nnyia, Charles Okoye, Abiodun Oladipo, and Ebube Anyaebosim. "Environmental Decontamination Using Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Based Materials: A Review." Journal of Materials & Environmental Sustainability Research 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55455/jmesr.2022.001.
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The frequent release of toxic compounds into the environment has caused substantial pollution of different aspects of the ecosystem. Thus, the need for suitable materials for environmental remediation is in high demand. Although many 2D materials with remarkable properties have been synthesized for the remediation of toxic pollutants of organic and inorganic origin, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gathered extensive recognition lately, owing to their intriguing photocatalytic properties and tunable functionality that offers promising prospects for the decontamination, degradation, adsorption, and removal of these toxic pollutants. Therefore, this review provides the recent advancement of photocatalytic TMDs and the mechanism of their performance towards environmental remediation. Also, insights on new perspectives were highlighted.
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Mohapatra, Bidyut R., W. Douglas Gould, Orlando Dinardo, and David W. Koren. "An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 36, no. 10-11 (November 2008): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.200700213.
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Pohjanvirta, Raimo, and Matti Viluksela. "Novel Aspects of Toxicity Mechanisms of Dioxins and Related Compounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072342.
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Dioxins and related compounds are common environmental contaminants. Although their levels have gone down, they are still of concern, in particular regarding developmental toxicity. The adverse effects of these compounds are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), whose canonical signaling pathway has been unveiled in fair detail. The alternative (non-genomic) pathways are much more obscure. AHR has also proven to be a master regulator of numerous physiological phenomena, which has led to the search of selective AHR modulators with low toxicity. Papers of this Special Issue address the developmental toxicity of dioxins and related compounds as well as selective modulators of AHR and both its canonical and alternative signaling pathways. In addition, new optical and stereoscopic methods for the detection of dioxins are presented. As a whole, this Special Issue provides an up-to-date view on a wide variety of aspects related to dioxin toxicity mechanisms from both original research articles and reviews.
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Gospodarek, Milena, Piotr Rybarczyk, Bartosz Szulczyński, and Jacek Gębicki. "Comparative Evaluation of Selected Biological Methods for the Removal of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Odorous VOCs from Air." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040187.
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Due to increasingly stringent legal regulations as well as increasing social awareness, the removal of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air is gaining importance. This paper presents the strategy to compare selected biological methods intended for the removal of different air pollutants, especially of odorous character. Biofiltration, biotrickling filtration and bioscrubbing technologies are evaluated in terms of their suitability for the effective removal of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic VOCs as well as typical inorganic odorous compounds. A pairwise comparison model was used to assess the performance of selected biological processes of air treatment. Process efficiency, economic, technical and environmental aspects of the treatment methods are taken into consideration. The results of the calculations reveal that biotrickling filtration is the most efficient method for the removal of hydrophilic VOCs while biofilters enable the most efficient removal of hydrophobic VOCs. Additionally, a simple approach for preliminary method selection based on a decision tree is proposed. The presented evaluation strategies may be especially helpful when considering the treatment strategy for air polluted with various types of odorous compounds.
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Balestrini, Raffaella, Cecilia Brunetti, Maria Cammareri, Sofia Caretto, Valeria Cavallaro, Eleonora Cominelli, Monica De Palma, et al. "Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062887.
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Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with the environment and are part of the plant defense response. These natural products are volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving from primary metabolic pathways and rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation of plants to environmental cues. Specialized metabolites include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents and pharmaceutical compounds. This review will be focused on Mediterranean crop plants as a source of SMs, with a special attention on the strategies that can be used to modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, interaction with beneficial soil microorganisms and novel genetic approaches.
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Reverberi, Andrea Pietro, Valery Pavlovic Meshalkin, Oleg B. Butusov, Tamara B. Chistyakova, Maurizio Ferretti, Anna Maria Cardinale, and Bruno Fabiano. "Organic and Inorganic Biocidal Energetic Materials for Agent Defeat Weapons: An Overview and Research Perspectives." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020675.
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A critical survey concerning biocidal energetics is proposed according to a classification depending on their chemical structure. The need of optimizing the performances of such compounds is an important target for the inertization of biological weapons, requiring a synergy between the thermal effects of combustion/detonation with the biocidal effects of reaction products released into the environment. The main physicochemical aspects related to the synthesis technique, the thermodynamic variables and the antimicrobial activity have been discussed and compared. In particular, different kinds of biocides have been taken into account, with particular attention to the role of iodine as one of the most promising and eco-friendly chemical species to this purpose, in line with the paradigms of environmental protection and the rational utilization of chemicals. Furthermore, the protocols adopted to assess the effectiveness of biocidal agents have been thoroughly examined according to the recent studies proposed by some of the most reputable research groups in the field. Finally, some insights for future investigations are proposed.
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Liu, Quanyi, Donghui Wang, Zekun Li, Zhifa Li, Xiaoliang Peng, Chuanbang Liu, Yu Zhang, and Penglun Zheng. "Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092145.
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With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
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Jafar Mazumder, Mohammad A. "A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties." Coatings 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100928.
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In the present time, more often, it has been seen that scaling has grown as widely and caused problems in the oilfield industry. Scaling is the deposition of various salts of inorganic/organic materials due to the supersaturation of salt-water mixtures. Many works have been proposed by researchers using different methods to solve the problem, of which scale inhibition is one of them. The scale inhibitors, particularly for antiscaling, have derived from natural and synthetic polymers. Among different polymers, inorganic and organic compounds (polyphosphates, carboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), etc.) can effectively manage the oilfield scales of which many are toxic and expansive. Scale inhibitors of alkaline earth metal carbonate and sulfates and transition metal sulfide are commonly used in oilfield applications. Scale inhibition of metallic surfaces is an essential activity in technical, environmental, economic, and safety purposes. Scale inhibitors containing phosphorus appear to have significant achievements in the inhibition process despite its toxicity. However, phosphorus-based inhibitors can serve as supplements prompting eutrification difficulties. Besides these increasing environmental concerns, green scale inhibitors are renewable, biodegradable, and ecologically acceptable that has been used to prevent, control, and retard the formation of scale. Considering the facts, this review article summarized the concept of scale, various green scale inhibitors, types, mechanisms, comparative performance, significance, and future aspects of green scale inhibitors, which will shed light and be helpful for the professionals working in the oil and gas industries.
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Ortega-Requena, Salvadora, Claudia Montiel, Fuensanta Máximo, María Gómez, María Dolores Murcia, and Josefa Bastida. "Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis." Materials 17, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010268.
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Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of “Green Chemistry” and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes.
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Zagoskina, Natalia V., Maria Y. Zubova, Tatiana L. Nechaeva, Varvara V. Kazantseva, Evgenia A. Goncharuk, Vera M. Katanskaya, Ekaterina N. Baranova, and Maria A. Aksenova. "Polyphenols in Plants: Structure, Biosynthesis, Abiotic Stress Regulation, and Practical Applications (Review)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (September 9, 2023): 13874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813874.
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Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are among the most common compounds of secondary metabolism in plants. Their biosynthesis is characteristic of all plant cells and is carried out with the participation of the shikimate and acetate-malonate pathways. In this case, polyphenols of various structures are formed, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and various oligomeric and polymeric compounds of phenolic nature. Their number already exceeds 10,000. The diversity of phenolics affects their biological activity and functional role. Most of their representatives are characterized by interaction with reactive oxygen species, which manifests itself not only in plants but also in the human body, where they enter through food chains. Having a high biological activity, phenolic compounds are successfully used as medicines and nutritional supplements for the health of the population. The accumulation and biosynthesis of polyphenols in plants depend on many factors, including physiological–biochemical, molecular–genetic, and environmental factors. In the review, we present the latest literature data on the structure of various classes of phenolic compounds, their antioxidant activity, and their biosynthesis, including their molecular genetic aspects (genes and transfactors). Since plants grow with significant environmental changes on the planet, their response to the action of abiotic factors (light, UV radiation, temperature, and heavy metals) at the level of accumulation and composition of these secondary metabolites, as well as their metabolic regulation, is considered. Information is given about plant polyphenols as important and necessary components of functional nutrition and pharmaceutically valuable substances for the health of the population. Proposals on promising areas of research and development in the field of plant polyphenols are presented.
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Paschalidis, Konstantinos, Dimitrios Fanourakis, Georgios Tsaniklidis, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Ioanna Kardamaki, Fotis Bilias, Eftihia Samara, et al. "A Polysaccharide-Based Integrated Nutrient Management System Enhances the Antioxidant Properties in Origanum dictamnus (Lamiaceae), a Valuable Local Endemic Plant of Crete." Polysaccharides 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2024): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5010003.
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Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae), a local endemic plant of Crete (Greece), creates polysaccharide-containing subcuticular compartments presenting biological activity against phytopathogenic fungi, and, among others, significantly affects the fungal cell wall polysaccharides. This field study introduces a fertilization scheme for O. dictamnus, which was developed and refined to optimize the yield as well as critical herbal quality aspects. Five fertilization schemes were investigated, based on a polysaccharide-based Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), a mixture of conventional inorganic fertilizers (ChF) and two biostimulants (not algae) via foliar and soil application. Plant growth, together with leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and color (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were determined. The leaf content of chlorophyll, three critical antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols) and nutrients were also assessed. Considering all three antioxidants together, the enhanced efficiency, non-toxic, water-soluble, polysaccharide-based INM by foliar application was the most stimulatory scheme, playing an important role in plant growth and development. The present field study provides, for the first time, baseline fertilization data improving key herbal quality features in O. dictamnus and unravels the attainment of high antioxidant properties. The latter may be exploited in favor of its further utilization as a raw material for tea preparation, medicinal purposes, natural food flavoring and/or food preservative.
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Kozaki, Akiko, and Takuya Aoyanagi. "Molecular Aspects of Seed Development Controlled by Gibberellins and Abscisic Acids." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031876.
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Plants have evolved seeds to permit the survival and dispersion of their lineages by providing nutrition for embryo growth and resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Seed formation is a complicated process that can be roughly divided into embryogenesis and the maturation phase, characterized by accumulation of storage compound, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, arrest of growth, and acquisition of dormancy. Concerted regulation of several signaling pathways, including hormonal and metabolic signals and gene networks, is required to accomplish seed formation. Recent studies have identified the major network of genes and hormonal signals in seed development, mainly in maturation. Gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acids (ABA) are recognized as the main hormones that antagonistically regulate seed development and germination. Especially, knowledge of the molecular mechanism of ABA regulation of seed maturation, including regulation of dormancy, accumulation of storage compounds, and desiccation tolerance, has been accumulated. However, the function of ABA and GA during embryogenesis still remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks of genes and signaling of GA and ABA in the regulation of seed development from embryogenesis to maturation.
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Hrimla, Meryem, Lahoucine Bahsis, My Rachid Laamari, Miguel Julve, and Salah-Eddine Stiriba. "An Overview on the Performance of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Metal Surfaces." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010016.
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This review accounts for the most recent and significant research results from the literature on the design and synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds and their usefulness as molecular well-defined corrosion inhibitors for steels, copper, iron, aluminum, and their alloys in several aggressive media. Of particular interest are the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives prepared in a regioselective manner under copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reactions. They are easily and straightforwardly prepared compounds, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and stable products to the hydrolysis under acidic conditions. Moreover, they have shown a good efficiency as corrosion inhibitors for metals and their alloys in different acidic media. The inhibition efficiencies (IEs) are evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameters with different concentrations and environmental conditions. Mechanistic aspects of the 1,2,3-triazoles mediated corrosion inhibition in metals and metal alloy materials are also overviewed.
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Fernández-Tomé, Samuel, Lorena Ortega Moreno, María Chaparro, and Javier P. Gisbert. "Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910224.
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The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.
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Mandell, Jordan T., Maria Idarraga, Naresh Kumar, and Anat Galor. "Impact of Air Pollution and Weather on Dry Eye." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 3740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113740.
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Air pollution has broad effects on human health involving many organ systems. The ocular surface is an excellent model with which to study the effects of air pollution on human health as it is in constant contact with the environment, and it is directly accessible, facilitating disease monitoring. Effects of air pollutants on the ocular surface typically manifest as dry eye (DE) symptoms and signs. In this review, we break down air pollution into particulate matter (organic and inorganic) and gaseous compounds and summarize the literature regarding effects of various exposures on DE. Additionally, we examine the effects of weather (relative humidity, temperature) on DE symptoms and signs. To do so, we conducted a PubMed search using key terms to summarize the existing literature on the effects of air pollution and weather on DE. While we tried to focus on the effect of specific exposures on specific aspects of DE, environmental conditions are often studied concomitantly, and thus, there are unavoidable interactions between our variables of interest. Overall, we found that air pollution and weather conditions have differential adverse effects on DE symptoms and signs. We discuss these findings and potential mitigation strategies, such as air purifiers, air humidifiers, and plants, that may be instituted as treatments at an individual level to address environmental contributors to DE.
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Edgar, Vázquez-Núñez, Fernández-Luqueño Fabián, Peña-Castro Julián Mario, and Vera-Reyes Ileana. "Coupling Plant Biomass Derived from Phytoremediation of Potential Toxic-Metal-Polluted Soils to Bioenergy Production and High-Value by-Products—A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072982.
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Phytoremediation is an attractive strategy for cleaning soils polluted with a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. Among these pollutants, heavy metals have attracted global attention due to their negative effects on human health and terrestrial ecosystems. As a result of this, numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in removal processes. These studies have employed many plant species that might be used for phytoremediation and the obtention of end bioproducts such as biofuels and biogas useful in combustion and heating. Phytotechnologies represent an attractive segment that is increasingly gaining attention worldwide due to their versatility, economic profitability, and environmental co-benefits such as erosion control and soil quality and functionality improvement. In this review, the process of valorizing biomass from phytoremediation is described; in addition, relevant experiments where polluted biomass is used as feedstock or bioenergy is produced via thermo- and biochemical conversion are analyzed. Besides, pretreatments of biomass to increase yields and treatments to control the transfer of metals to the environment are also mentioned. Finally, aspects related to the feasibility, benefits, risks, and gaps of converting toxic-metal-polluted biomass are discussed.
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Cabello, Purificación, M. Dolores Roldán, and Conrado Moreno-Vivián. "Nitrate reduction and the nitrogen cycle in archaea." Microbiology 150, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 3527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27303-0.
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The nitrogen cycle (N-cycle) in the biosphere, mainly driven by prokaryotes, involves different reductive or oxidative reactions used either for assimilatory purposes or in respiratory processes for energy conservation. As the N-cycle has important agricultural and environmental implications, bacterial nitrogen metabolism has become a major research topic in recent years. Archaea are able to perform different reductive pathways of the N-cycle, including both assimilatory processes, such as nitrate assimilation and N2 fixation, and dissimilatory reactions, such as nitrate respiration and denitrification. However, nitrogen metabolism is much less known in archaea than in bacteria. The availability of the complete genome sequences of several members of the eury- and crenarchaeota has enabled new approaches to the understanding of archaeal physiology and biochemistry, including metabolic reactions involving nitrogen compounds. Comparative studies reveal that significant differences exist in the structure and regulation of some enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism in archaea, giving rise to important conclusions and new perspectives regarding the evolution, function and physiological relevance of the different N-cycle processes. This review discusses the advances that have been made in understanding nitrate reduction and other aspects of the inorganic nitrogen metabolism in archaea.
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Cruz-Jímenez, Gustavo, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Guadalupe de la Rosa, George Meitzner, Jason G. Parsons, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Effect of Sulfate on Selenium Uptake and Chemical Speciation in Convolvulus arvensis L." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 2 (2005): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05028.
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Environmental Context. Selenium (Se) is one of the most serious problems confronted in agricultural soils derived from Se-containing rocks. This metalloid, an essential nutrient for animals and humans, may be toxic at relatively low concentrations. Se removal from soil and water using plants is a promising alternative to traditional chemical or electrochemical techniques. However, very few plant species are able to accumulate Se at high concentrations. Since Se and sulfur (S) have similar chemical properties, sulfate (SO42−) in the plant growth media may interfere in the process of Se uptake by plants. Thus, plant species able to uptake more Se than S when both elements are present are desired for Se phytoremediation purposes. Abstract. Hydroponic experiments were performed to study several aspects of Se uptake by C. arvensis plants. Ten day old seedlings were exposed for eight days to different combinations of selenate (SeO42−), sulfate (SO42−), and selenite (SeO32−). The results showed that in C. arvensis, SO42− had a negative effect (P < 0.05) on SeO42− uptake. However, a positive interaction produced a significant increase in SO42− uptake when SeO42− was at high concentration in the media. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that C. arvensis plants converted more than 70% of the supplied SeO32− into organoselenium compounds. However, only approximately 50% of the supplied SeO42− was converted into organoselenium species while the residual 50% remained in the inorganic form. Analysis using LC-XANES fittings confirmed that the S metabolic pathway was affected by the presence of Se. The main Se compounds that resembled those Se species identified in C. arvensis were Se-cystine, Se-cysteine, SeO32−, and SeO42−, whereas for S the main compounds were cysteine, cystine, oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, and SO42−. The results of these studies indicated that C. arvensis could be considered as a possible option for the restoration of soil moderately contaminated with selenium even in the presence of sulfate.
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Longhini, Cybelle Menolli, Fabian Sá, and Renato Rodrigues Neto. "Review and synthesis: iron input, biogeochemistry, and ecological approaches in seawater." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0020.
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The processes involved in the biogeochemical cycle of Fe in the oceans have been intensely discussed in recent decades because this element is limiting to primary productivity in most oceanic regions. From biogeochemical and ecological perspectives, inputs from anthropogenic sources, especially mining activities, may be more representative than natural inputs in coastal areas affected by metal loads from tailings. Here we provide a review of all the stages related to Fe behaviour in marine ecosystems, including Fe input sources, which may be of natural and (or) anthropogenic origin; input rates; chemical speciation; bioavailability; and changes in the phytoplankton community structure. To allow conceptualization of the anthropogenic processes, the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam (southeast Brazil) was used as a case study of one of the worst environmental disasters of the mining industry. From this perspective, the interrelations among the chemical, biological, and ecological components were discussed. Regarding the chemical component, Fe speciation must be determined by the input of several other materials, mainly organic compounds that can be complexed to this element and increase its solubility. From a biological perspective, the biochemical and physiological processes used for the assimilation of this element, such as the reduction in cell membranes and the production of chelating substances (such as siderophores), will also determine the forms of this element present in the water column. On the other hand, the groups that obtain a competitive advantage due to these assimilation strategies must be dominant in the system. Synergistic effects are also expected with other materials such as the inorganic nutrients, organic compounds, and metals that are carried to the coastal region together with Fe. In the specific case of mine tailings, the accumulation of this material in the river banks and bed should cause an increase in Fe input from other sources, such as atmospheric transport and submarine groundwater discharge, as well as river discharge by erosion and transport under increased river flow conditions. The iron fluxes from mining areas to coastal oceans and the effects of these loads to phytoplankton ecological aspects should be investigated.
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Wajda, Anna, Joanna Łapczuk-Romańska, and Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka. "Epigenetic Regulations of AhR in the Aspect of Immunomodulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176404.
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Environmental factors contribute to autoimmune disease manifestation, and as regarded today, AhR has become an important factor in studies of immunomodulation. Besides immunological aspects, AhR also plays a role in pharmacological, toxicological and many other physiological processes such as adaptive metabolism. In recent years, epigenetic mechanisms have provided new insight into gene regulation and reveal a new contribution to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin alterations, microRNA and consequently non-genetic changes in phenotypes connect with environmental factors. Increasing data reveals AhR cross-roads with the most significant in immunology pathways. Although study on epigenetic modulations in autoimmune diseases is still not well understood, therefore future research will help us understand their pathophysiology and help to find new therapeutic strategies. Present literature review sheds the light on the common ground between remodeling chromatin compounds and autoimmune antibodies used in diagnostics. In the proposed review we summarize recent findings that describe epigenetic factors which regulate AhR activity and impact diverse immunological responses and pathological changes.
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Krinochkina, Olga, Lev Krinochkin, Dinya Mamina, Ludmila Khurnova, and Oleg Fedoseev. "Indirect effects of oil products on the environment." E3S Web of Conferences 531 (2024): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453104015.
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The article is focused on chemical and radioactive contamination of the environment during hydrocarbon production. The objective of the research is to present relatively unknown facts of indirect long-term environmental effects of hydrocarbon production. Traces of radioactive contamination of soils, ground- and surface water were studied, and also in drinking water in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors’ own field and laboratory studies were used. They were performed as part of the preparation of geochemical base map (GHO-1000) of 1:1000000 scale in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in the Ukhto-Izhemsky oil and gas bearing region. The methods applied for laboratory research were inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for soil and bottom sediment samples and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AMS) for ground- and surface waters. It has been determined that in the areas affected by oil production the chemical pollution aspects include deterioration of the groundwater quality caused by associated water and oil products ingress into aquifers due to violation of the oil and gas well drilling techniques, and soil salination caused by frequent equipment breaks during oil production. Aspects of radiation contamination of the environment during oil production include the intake of radionuclides with associated water, and sometimes with heavy hydrocarbon fractions, as well as the consequences of underground nuclear explosions. It is concluded that the territories of hydrocarbon exploration, production and storage should be classified as areas of potential risk for radioactive contamination and chemical pollution (by inorganic compounds, including heavy metal salts). Uranium concentration in drinking water was determined by the INAA method (instrumental neutron activation analysis).
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Ferreira, Arthur Batista, Abiney Lemos Cardoso, and Márcio José da Silva. "Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 21, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/142857.
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The recent increase in the world biofuels demand, along with the need to reduce costs while improving the environmental sustainability of the biodiesel production, have led to the search for catalysts that should be economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. This paper reviews recent research and development of organic and inorganic tin catalysts; focusing on kinetic properties and catalytic activity in two key reactions for biodiesel production: free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and triglycerides (TG) transesterification. First the basic knowledge of homogeneous tin catalysts in esterification reactions of different carboxylic acids is provided. Second, main advances obtained in the study of FFA esterification reactions catalyzed by tin chloride are covered. The effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of alkyl esters production is described. Kinetic measurements allowed the determination of the activation energy (46.79 kJ mol−1) and a first-order dependence in relation to both FFA and tin chloride catalyst concentration. Aspects related to recycling of the tin chloride catalyst in phase homogeneous are discussed. Third the advances obtained in the development of homogeneous catalysts based on tin complexes in transesterification reactions are summarized. Finally, results obtained from the use of tin organometallics compounds in reactions of vegetable oils transesterification reactions are concisely presented. The optimization of processes catalytic homogeneous utilized in the transesterification reactions can contribute to the improvement of the technology biodiesel production.
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AILENI, RALUCA MARIA, LAURA CHIRIAC, ADRIANA SUBTIRICA, SILVIA ALBICI, and LAURENTIU CRISTIAN DINCA. "Aspects of the hydrophobic effect sustainability obtained in plasma for cotton fabrics." Industria Textila 70, no. 03 (2019): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.03.1475.
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This paper presents several aspects concerning the life cycle assessment (LCA) for 100% cotton fabric treated with different types of Fluor compounds using RF plasma technology and foulard technology, in order to obtain the hydrophobic effect. To highlight the effects obtained by RF (radio frequency) plasma technology was conducted in parallel a study about hydrophobic effect obtained using a dispersion of fluorine compound (NUVA TTC) on foulard. The conclusions of the study were that if we use the plasma treatment for hydrophobic effect then this would influence the environment negatively by warming generated by gases and power consumption, when using the foulard method and chemical substances already established, the impact would consist of increasing the consumption of fossil flues, respiratory inorganics, and climate change. We analyzed the life-cycle inventory (LCI) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software and Eco-indicator 99. For obtaining the LCI, we used to input and output technical data, from the plasma / foulard process, and the SimaPro software for generating the LCA based on these data. The input data about raw material, energy, chemical substances, have been collected by direct measurements on machinery, device logs and specifications of the equipment (technical books) and processes. The output data (waste energy and chemicals) were obtained using statistics, internet databases, and SimaPro software. The objective of our scientific initiative has been to study the sustainability of the RF plasma technology used for hydrophobization, and we obtained that plasma technology used for hydrophobic effect is less eco-friendly than foulard technology for a functional unit of 1 kg treated material.
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Naviglio, Daniele, Viviana Nebbioso, Alessandro Savastano, Domenico Montesano, Paolo Trucillo, and Monica Gallo. "High Efficiency and New Potential of RSLDE: A Green Technique for the Extraction of Bioactive Molecules from Not Completely Exhausted Plant Biomass and Organic Industrial Processing Waste." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 11726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211726.
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A product is characterized by low environmental impact if, during the whole process (from extraction of raw materials from solid natural matter to disposal), its negative contribution to environment modification is significantly reduced or eliminated. According to circular economy, it is important to take into consideration other aspects, such as the possibility to improve the efficiency of extraction process by modifying the principle on which it is based and allowing the recovery of not completely exhausted waste, obtaining other active ingredients, and favoring the recycling of normally eliminated materials. The purpose of this work was to propose more efficient and greener alternatives to conventional solid–liquid extraction processes. Major features are the rapidity of the process, extraction at room temperature and high yields. Rapid Solid–Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE) represents an innovative solid–liquid extraction technology that allows the solid matrices containing extractable substances in an organic or inorganic solvent and their mixtures to be exhausted in shorter time than current techniques. The principle at the basis of this novel process consists of the generation of a negative pressure gradient between the inside and the outside of the solid matrix, which induces the extraction of compounds not chemically linked to the solid matter, being insoluble in the extractant liquid. Therefore, this work focuses on how RSLDE can potentially bring several improvements in the field of solid–liquid extraction, especially for industrial applications.
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Pekhnyo, Vasyl, Anatoliy Omel’chuk, and Olga Linyucheva. "SCIENTIFIC ELECTROCHEMICAL SCHOOL OF KYIV." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 6 (July 27, 2022): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.06.2022.71-101.
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An overview dedicates to the directions of scientific research and achieved results in the field of electrochemistry, initiated by scientific institutions and in higher educational institutions of Kyiv. Academician O.V. Plotnikov is the forerunner of the world- known Kyiv School of Electrochemistry, formed in the last century's twenties: M.I. Usanovych, V.O. Izbekov, Ya.A. Fialkov, Yu.K. Delimarskyi, I.A. Sheka, and many other scientists known to the general scientific community. O.V. Plotnikov and his followers are one of the first to attempt to combine the most progressive theoretical provisions on electrolytic dissociation, the chemical theory of solutions, and the chemistry of complex compounds for that time. World achievements of the Kyiv School of Electrochemistry were provided by the results of such fundamental research as the chemical theory of solutions, acid-base interactions (Usanovich's theory), the structure of the electric double layer (the Yesin-Markov effect, the reduced Antropov scale of potentials), physical chemistry and electrochemistry of molten electrolytes, kinetics electrode processes, electrometallurgy, electrochemical materials science, electrochemical power engineering. Representatives of our School significantly expanded the knowledge of mass transfer in electrochemical systems with molten electrolytes (the phenomenon of the transfer of metals from the anode to the cathode). New technological processes of obtaining and refining heavy non-ferrous metals (bismuth, lead, indium, etc.), finishing metal surfaces, extraction of radionuclides, electroplating technology, and environmental monitoring have been introduced into the practice of industrial production. Research in electrochemical materials science is closely connected to solving the problems of electrochemical energy, particularly, the creation of new sources of current, including solid-state, hydrogen generators, and converters of solar energy into electrical power. The studies of electrochemical aspects of the extraction of some refractory metals from natural raw materials, the creation of new materials with specified functional properties, catalysts, and electrocatalysts, the latest galvanic coatings, electrode and electrolyte materials for chemical current sources and supercapacitors, valuable inorganic compounds, metal and carbon nanophases, corrosion inhibitors are expanding the scientific direction of electrochemical materials science.
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Zaitseva, N. V., M. A. Zemlianova, and Oleg V. Dolgikh. "GENOMIC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES AS A MODERN TOOL FOR HEALTH DISORDERS DIAGNOSTICS, ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-6-12.
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Introduction. Today, it is relevant to use modern critical technologies for identifying and evaluating the negative effects associated with the effects of chemicals at the stages of pre-nosological changes. This improves the efficiency of the early detection of progress in pre-pathological conditions prior to the onset of pronounced functional changes and the aggravation of the disease. The use of molecular diagnostic methods based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis technologies is one of the most promising approaches. Aim of the work is an analysis of both aspects and practical use of the modern critical technologies capabilities (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies) in the implementation of biomedical and experimental studies for the tasks of the detection biomarkers of negative effects of chemical risk factors on the example of exposure conditions with aluminum compounds. Material and methods. The proteomic analysis was carried out by the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis, polymorphism of alleles and genotypes of candidate genes by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The transcriptome state was assessed based on the results of gene expression studies. The expression of membrane and serum proteins was studied by biochemical and immunological methods analysis. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in the systems “Gencalculator,” “Gene Expert” and online program “SNPStats”. Results. The results of using proteomic analysis technologies made it possible to identify proteins annexin-13, SH3-domain protein-RF3, cathepsin L1 and, accordingly, genes CTSL, SH3RF3, THO complex subunit 2 as Ohmic markers of aerogenic exposure of inorganic compounds. The results of the analysis of gene polymorphism in the population exposed to environmental pollution allowed establishing the changed frequency of variant alleles and genotypes of genes: immune control - TLR4 (toll-like receptor); vascular factors - eNOS rs1799983 (endothelial NOsintase); detoxification - coproporphyrinogen oxidase CPOX (rs1131857), cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 (rs 1048943); neuro-humoral regulation of ANKK1 rs1800497 (dopamine receptor gene) and HTR2A rs7997012 (serotonin receptor gene). The results of gene expression analysis made it possible to establish negative transcriptomic effects induced by exposure to amphoteric metals due to the isolation of specific CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ cell phenotypes expressing the proteomic profile gene of blood plasma lipoprotein A (LPA gene). Discussion. The obtained results correspond data of a number of scientific studies, noting the importance of identifying polymorphic deviations of genes determining the individual risk of health problems in a variety of stressful environmental factors affecting humans. Minor genotypes of candidate genes under conditions of excessive contamination with amphoteric metal compounds significantly increase the risk of deviations in immune regulation indices, which modifies apoptosis mechanisms, which are crucial for the formation of atopy and onco-proliferation. Conclusion. The use of genome, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies as a modern tool for the diagnostics of health disorders allowed justifying the set of priority exposition and effect Ohmic-markers, associated with aerogenic effect of amphoteric metals, which have a modifying effect on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of disorders of nervous and immune systems, the 1st and 2nd phase of detoxification, the likelihood of vascular disorders and onco-proliferative processes.
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Jablonský, Michal, and Jozef Šima. "Phytomass Valorization by Deep Eutectic Solvents—Achievements, Perspectives, and Limitations." Crystals 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090800.
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In recent years, a plethora of extraction processes have been performed by a novel class of green solvents known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), possessing several environmental, operational, and economic advantages proven by experience when compared to organic solvents and ionic liquids. The present review provides an organized overview of the use of DESs as extraction agents for the recovery of valuable substances and compounds from the original plant biomass, waste from its processing, and waste from the production and consumption of plant-based food. For the sake of simplicity and speed of orientation, the data are, as far as possible, arranged in a table in alphabetical order of the extracted substances. However, in some cases, the isolation of several substances is described in one paper and they are, therefore, listed together. The table further contains a description of the extracted phytomass, DES composition, extraction conditions, and literature sources. With regard to extracted value-added substances, this review addresses their pharmacological, therapeutic, and nutritional aspects. The review also includes an evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of using DESs to obtain value-added substances from phytomass.
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Nischwitz, Volker, and Spiros A. Pergantis. "Mapping of arsenic species and identification of a novel arsenosugar in giant clams Tridacna maxima and Tridacna derasa using advanced mass spectrometric techniques." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2007): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07009.
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Environmental context. Arsenic is known to accumulate in various marine organisms. The high acute toxicity of inorganic arsenic species and the potential chronic toxicity of some organoarsenic species require detailed knowledge about the occurrence and metabolism of arsenic compounds in marine organisms. The application of advanced analytical techniques still allows, even after decades of arsenic speciation, the identification of novel species. In addition, comprehensive mapping of all arsenic species present in marine organisms may allow for a more detailed understanding of arsenic metabolism. Abstract. Because of their symbiotic microalgae, giant clams (Tridacna species) exhibit a unique arsenic metabolism, which has been shown in previous studies to involve a large number of arsenic species. This study demonstrates the application of liquid chromatography (HPLC) online with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for arsenic speciation analysis in giant clam extracts. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) was used for sensitive and selective detection of a large number of arsenic species in a single chromatographic run. Novel aspects are the analysis of 10 tissue fractions from one clam and the analysis of kidney extracts both from T. maxima and T. derasa with the same method thus offering the possibility for direct comparisons. Moreover, HPLC-ES-MS/MS in the precursor ion scan mode and product ion scan mode allowed the identification of a novel sulfonated dimethylarsenosugar and the partial characterisation of another unknown arsenic species. The results indicate that most arsenic species are accumulated in the kidneys. However, arsenobetaine was found at similar contents in all analysed tissue fractions of one T. maxima clam.
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Morales-Quintana, Luis, and Patricio Ramos. "A Talk between Flavonoids and Hormones to Reorient the Growth of Gymnosperms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312630.
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Plants reorient the growth of affected organs in response to the loss of gravity vector. In trees, this phenomenon has received special attention due to its importance for the forestry industry of conifer species. Sustainable management is a key factor in improving wood quality. It is of paramount importance to understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying wood formation, together with the hormonal and environmental factors that affect wood formation and quality. Hormones are related to the modulation of vertical growth rectification. Many studies have resulted in a model that proposes differential growth in the stem due to unequal auxin and jasmonate allocation. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that in auxin distribution, flavonoids act as molecular controllers. It is well known that flavonoids affect auxin flux, and this is a new area of study to understand the intracellular concentrations and how these compounds can control the gravitropic response. In this review, we focused on different molecular aspects related to the hormonal role in flavonoid homeostasis and what has been done in conifer trees to identify molecular players that could take part during the gravitropic response and reduce low-quality wood formation.
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Gazerani, Parisa. "Human Brain Organoids in Migraine Research: Pathogenesis and Drug Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043113.
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Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing pharmacologically active compounds, and offering novel ways to treat disease. Organoids of the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and brain have been developed in recent years. Human brain organoids are used for understanding pathogenesis and investigating therapeutic options for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Theoretically, several brain disorders can be modeled with the aid of human brain organoids, and hence the potential exists for understanding migraine pathogenesis and its treatment with the aid of brain organoids. Migraine is considered a brain disorder with neurological and non-neurological abnormalities and symptoms. Both genetic and environmental factors play essential roles in migraine pathogenesis and its clinical manifestations. Several types of migraines are classified, for example, migraines with and without aura, and human brain organoids can be developed from patients with these types of migraines to study genetic factors (e.g., channelopathy in calcium channels) and environmental stressors (e.g., chemical and mechanical). In these models, drug candidates for therapeutic purposes can also be tested. Here, the potential and limitations of human brain organoids for studying migraine pathogenesis and its treatment are communicated to generate motivation and stimulate curiosity for further research. This must, however, be considered alongside the complexity of the concept of brain organoids and the neuroethical aspects of the topic. Interested researchers are invited to join the network for protocol development and testing the hypothesis presented here.
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Al-Abdulla, Ruba, Hilda Ferrero, Talía Boronat-Belda, Sergi Soriano, Iván Quesada, and Paloma Alonso-Magdalena. "Exploring the Effects of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Pancreatic α-Cell Viability, Gene Expression and Function: A Screening Testing Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021044.
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Humans are constantly exposed to many environmental pollutants, some of which have been largely acknowledged as key factors in the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. These chemicals have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and, more recently, since they can interfere with metabolic functions, they have been renamed as metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). MDCs are present in many consumer products, including food packaging, personal care products, plastic bottles and containers, and detergents. The scientific literature has ever-increasingly focused on insulin-releasing pancreatic β-cells as one of the main targets for MDCs. Evidence highlights that these substances may disrupt glucose homeostasis by altering pancreatic β-cell physiology. However, their potential impact on glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cells remains poorly known despite the essential role that this cellular type plays in controlling glucose metabolism. In the present study, we have selected seven paradigmatic MDCs representing major toxic classes, including bisphenols, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, metals, and pesticides. By using an in vitro cell-based model, the pancreatic α-cell line αTC1-9, we have explored the effects of these compounds on pancreatic α-cell viability, gene expression, and secretion. We found that cell viability was moderately affected after bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPF), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure, although cytotoxicity was relatively low. In addition, all bisphenols, as well as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), promoted a marked decreased on glucagon secretion, together with changes in the expression of glucagon and/or transcription factors involved in cell function and identity, such as Foxo1 and Arx. Overall, our results indicated that most of the selected chemicals studied caused functional alterations in pancreatic α-cells. Moreover, we revealed, for the first time, their direct effects on key molecular aspects of pancreatic α-cell biology.
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Mammadova, Nazile I. "Ecological management of characteristics of formation waters from flooded deposits." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 33, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112430.
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In the oil and gas industry, the volume of formation water, which is a mixture of various organic and inorganic compounds, is the most important waste stream due to its environmental impact. Discharge of formation water, which varies in quality and quantity across horizons, into the natural environment causes serious environmental concerns. The various methods applied in cleaning these waters are not considered effective in removing oil and oil products, as well as dissolved elements, from the water. Additionally, many chemical processes with high cleanup costs result in hazardous wastes that need to be disposed of. The activity of oil and gas extraction enterprises causes changes in the components of natural complexes and ecosystems, as well as the formation of natural and man-made ecosystems. Examining the environmental aspects of the impact of oil and gas field technogenesis on the transformation of environmental components allows us to assess the impact of such systems on the environment, expand and deepen our understanding of the regulation of the results of such an impact. If measures for the neutralization of increasingly dangerous oil pollution are not taken, then the area of soil and water pollution expands. Thus, the manifestation of the consequences of the negative impact occurs long after the pollutant enters the environment. Currently, determination of the condition and possibilities of use of waste formation water generated in oil production enterprises is one of the urgent problems. In general, despite the high contamination of the well product with toxic components which are produced in oil and gas extraction, a justified scientific-methodological assessment of the hazardous effect on the environment of formation waters separated from oil has not been developed. Thus, a complex system of measures should be prepared in the direction of reducing environmental risks in the production of formation waters rather than oil and the management of the volume of these waters during the development of flooded oil fields. Since we know the toxic effect of these waters on the natural environment, the issues of their disposal should be solved based on scientific and theoretical knowledge, and additionally environmental monitoring in oil fields should be improved. Taking into account that oil and gas extraction is one of the industries that require water, therefore, the method applied for efficient use of formation water is one of the main conditions for compliance with theoretically based norms. This article presents methods of disposal of formation waters used in the world practice for repeated technological processes, taking into account ecological-economic indicators. For this reason, taking into account the physico-chemical indicators of formation waters produced together with oil from the fields of Siyazanneft OGES, the efficiency of repeated technological processes was increased by adding N-4 nanocomposition.
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Santos, Andréia Barros, Aline Silveira Barreto, Luciano Ribeiro Gonçalves, Alessandra Nogueira Pires, Alexandre Giacobbo, and Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues. "Industrial reuse of petrochemical effluents: A case study of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis." Ciência e Natura 44 (April 20, 2022): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x68837.
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The petrochemical industry uses high volumes of water in its production processes and generates effluents that have a great potential for reuse in production processes. The reuse of these effluents is, therefore, an alternative for the sustainable development of the sector. This study aimed at evaluating the application of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) in the treatment of petrochemical effluents for the production of industrial reuse water, reducing environmental impacts caused by the disposal of effluents in the soil. The experiments were carried out with effluents named waste stabilization pond 1 (WSP-1), waste stabilization pond 8 (WSP-8) and an inorganic effluent (INO), which was used as feedwater in the pilot unit with a treatment capacity of 1 m³.h–1. The parameters chosen for evaluation in the treated effluents were calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, total suspended solids and turbidity. Membrane permeate fluxes were determined to evaluate the performance of the pilot system. After treatment and characterization of each effluent, the results were compared to define the most suitable effluent to achieve the quality required for industrial reuse. The results showed that the proposed UF/RO treatment provided a stable flux for the WSP-8 effluent. Conversely, the other streams showed an accentuated decrease in flux, which indicates fouling processes of the UF and RO membranes. As for the efficiency of the treatment, the process removed compounds of interest such as COD above 90%, salts and EC above 92% for the three assessed effluents. Thus, considering all aspects evaluated in this study, WSP-8 was the most suitable to be used as feed in the pilot system with UF and RO. The permeate produced presented the necessary quality for reuse in the industries of the Southern Petrochemical Complex, presenting equivalent characteristics to those of clarified water. Thus, the reuse of treated petrochemical effluents may be an important alternative source of water resources in face of availability and scarcity restrictions in industries in southern Brazil.
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Correa-Ochoa, Mauricio A., Juliana Rojas, Luisa M. Gómez, David Aguiar, Carlos A. Palacio-Tobón, and Henry A. Colorado. "Systematic Search Using the Proknow-C Method for the Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Using the Materials Science Techniques XRD, FTIR, XRF, and Raman Spectroscopy." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 8504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118504.
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Particulate matter (PM), particle pollution that can travel long distances, is a big concern because it contains liquid droplets or microscopic solids resulting in significant health issues such as respirational and cancer problems. Therefore, the characterization of these particles is very significant as a hazard to public health. PM can be identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS), both powerful and non-destructive technologies. RS, in particular, allows the identification of black carbon, considered one of the pollutants with the greatest influence on climate change. Another important technology for the evaluation of inorganic and organic functional groups present in PM compounds is the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) provides elemental analysis, revealing, in many cases, the original source of the sample. In order to understand the current state of the art, the Proknow-C method was applied to track the most recent information on PM characterization. Aspects such as sample collection, filter material, characterization parameters, PM components, and the advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed. PM minerals are found to be composed of silicates, oxides, sulfates, and carbonates. The elemental components of PM are classified into five categories: marine aerosol, mineral material, anthropogenic elements, organic carbon, and elemental carbon. The XRD technique is a powerful, fast, and non-destructive tool to identify various minerals present in PM. On the other hand, the XRF technique requires minimal sample treatment, but its sensitivity is limited for the determination of trace metals and some relevant environmental elements. FTIR spectroscopy is able to identify and quantify all organic functional groups present in atmospheric PM. Despite its advantages, a proper choice of calibration method is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. RS is fast and simple, although it only detects Raman-active functional groups. These are some of the advantages and limitations of these techniques addressed in the following review article.
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Kras, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Ropka-Molik, Siemowit Muszyński, and Marcin B. Arciszewski. "Expression of Genes Encoding Selected Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Peptides and Their Receptors in the Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves and Adult Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010533.
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The regulation of food intake occurs at multiple levels, and two of the components of this process are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, which stimulate or inhibit appetite, respectively. The study of the function of these compounds in domestic cattle is essential for production efficiency, animal welfare, and health, as well as for economic benefits, environmental protection, and the contribution to a better understanding of physiological aspects that can be applied to other species. In this study, the real-time PCR method was utilized to determine the expression levels of GHRL, GHSR, SMIM20, GPR173, LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2 (which encode ghrelin, its receptor, phoenixin-14, its receptor, leptin, its receptor, and nesfatin-1, respectively) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Polish Holstein–Friesian breed cattle. In all analyzed GIT segments, mRNA for all the genes was present in both age groups, confirming their significance in these tissues. Gene expression levels varied distinctly across different GIT segments and between young and mature subjects. The differences between calves and adults were particularly pronounced in areas such as the forestomachs, ileum, and jejunum, indicating potential changes in peptides regulating food intake based on the developmental phase. In mature individuals, the forestomachs predominantly displayed an increase in GHRL expression, while the intestines had elevated levels of GHSR, GPR173, LEP, and NUCB2. In contrast, the forestomachs in calves showed upregulated expressions of LEP, LEPR, and NUCB2, highlighting the potential importance of peptides from these genes in bovine forestomach development.
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Pers-Kamczyc, Emilia, and Jacek Kamczyc. "Study of the Pollen Grain Metabolome under Deposition of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Taxus baccata L. and Juniperus communis L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 14105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214105.
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Nitrogen plays an important role in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of plant reproduction, including pollen grain compounds and seed production. Recent studies have pointed out that pollen grains produced by male plants of T. baccata and J. communis subjected to a long period of fertilizer supplementation have lower in vitro germination ability and higher nitrogen content. To gain molecular insights into these observations, we conducted GC–MS analysis of both species to characterize the metabolomes of dry, mature pollen grains, which allowed for the identification and quantification of more than 200 metabolites. The results demonstrated that fertilizer supplementation impacts the relative content of 14 metabolites in J. communis (9 downregulated and 5 upregulated) and 21 in T. baccata (6 downregulated and 15 upregulated). Although plants showed little similarity in patterns, in metabolite profiles, both up and down fold-changes were observed. This is the first report on the gymnosperm pollen grain metabolomic profile and changes induced by long-term nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation. Pollen grains produced by fertilizer-supplemented male individuals had significantly lower relative content of linolenic acid, 5,6-dihydrouracil, maltotriose, galactonic acid, D-xylulose, and glycerol-α-phosphate but higher content of sorbitol, glucosamine, and 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as well as n-acetyl-d-hexosamine, dimethyl phthalate, glycine, galactose-6-phosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate, pyroglutamic acid, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid. Thus, in pollen grain samples earlier shown to have different germination abilities, the presence of different metabolites indicates a significant environmental impact on the quality of gymnosperm pollen grains.
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Ray, Roshmi, and V. V. Venkatachalam. "Epigallocatechin Gallate Adjuvant Immunomodulatory Therapy for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 18 (August 18, 2023): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i183606.
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The current research aims to investigate the management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), a respiratory ailment affecting the lung parenchyma, particularly the alveoli, terminal bronchioli, and alveolar interstitium, due to a delayed allergic response. Various factors, such as microbial agents, animal and plant proteins, organic and inorganic compounds, and environmental substances, can contribute to respiratory issues. The inflammatory reaction in the alveolar mucosa is a hypersensitive response of type-3 (immune-complex-mediated) or type-4 (T-lymphocytes-mediated) that plays a role in the development of HP. Depending on the frequency and intensity of exposure to the causative antigens, the disease is categorized into acute, subacute, and chronic forms. The research shows the success for subacute and chronic forms of the disease as an alternative to corticosteroids. Although corticosteroids can provide relief for subacute and chronic HP as well as acute symptoms, they do not appear to alter the disease's long-term progression. As corticosteroids are only suitable for certain patients, there is a pressing need for an alternative treatment option to advance patient care. Sea Buckthorn is known to exhibit various beneficial effects, such as antioxidative, cytoprotective, wound-healing, immunomodulatory, and cardioprotective properties, among others. In contrast, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) possesses antioxidant properties and can also mitigate the production of inflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for inducing inflammation in the body. The study postulates that incorporating EGCG alongside deciduous plant extracts could serve as a supplementary agent for HP treatment. Consequently, the research confirms the efficacy of the test medications in managing HP. It is essential to continue exploring alternative treatments and novel therapies to address the multifaceted aspects of HP and improve patients' overall quality of life. By broadening our understanding of the disease and potential treatment approaches, medical professionals can develop more personalized and effective interventions tailored to each patient's needs. Further investigations into the interplay between various therapeutic agents and their mechanisms of action will undoubtedly pave the way for more advanced and comprehensive strategies for combating HP. The study focuses on the Toluene di-isocyanate induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis rats with the prophylactic as well as therapeutic dose of the Sea Buckthorn berries extract along with the Epigallocatechin gallate for around 2.5 months. The paper also shows the various parameters on which the research has been successfully conducted. The research confirms the effectiveness of the test medications in modern HP treatment. This gives a basis for replacing the steroid therapy and opt for the better prolonged lifestyle.
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Akiba, Kin-Ya. "New Aspects of Hypervalent Tellurium Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 136, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509808545949.
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Melnik,, Milan, Iveta Ondrejkovicovä,, Vlasta Vancovd,, and Clive E. Holloway,. "STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF IRON COORDINATION COMPOUNDS: I. MONOMERIC DERIVATIVES." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 17, no. 2-3 (April 1997): 55–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic.1997.17.2-3.55.
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Maguire, R. James. "Aquatic Environmental Aspects of Non-Pesticidal Organotin Compounds." Water Quality Research Journal 26, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 243–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.016.
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Abstract Non-pesticidal organotin compounds in Canadian commerce are those of monomethyltin, dimethyltin, monobutyltin, dibutyltin, monooctyltin and dioctyltin. A review is presented of the uses, methods of analysis, environmental occurrence and aquatic toxicity of these compounds, which are scheduled for assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. It is likely that the most important non-pesticidal route of entry of these compounds to the environment will be through leaching of organotin-stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) by water. Monomethyltin and dimethyltin are widespread in the global environment. Monobutyltin and dibutyltin have been found frequently in harbours, marinas and shipping channels in Canada and elsewhere, arising largely as degradation products from the use of the antifouling agent tributyltin which is now regulated in Canada. There are few reports in the literature on the occurrence of butyltin species as a result of non-pesticidal uses or uses of tributyltin other than as an antifouling agent. Monooctyltin and dioctyltin have not been found to date in Canada or elsewhere in environmental samples. Judging from concentrations which have been reported to date, it appears that the mono- and di-methyltin, butyltin and octyltin species pose no threat to aquatic organisms in Canada vis-à-vis acute toxicity. Data on the persistence of these species in aquatic environments are in some cases fragmentary or non-existent, but in general it appears that these species would not be persistent in aquatic environments, with half-lives estimated to be less than a few months at 20°C.
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Juretic, Daria, Hrvoje Kusic, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, and Ana Loncaric Bozic. "Environmental aspects of photooxidative treatment of phenolic compounds." Journal of Hazardous Materials 262 (November 2013): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.060.
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Misra, Sudhindra N., Minaz A. Gagnani, Indira Devi M., and Ram S. Shukla. "Biological and Clinical Aspects of Lanthanide Coordination Compounds." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2, no. 3-4 (2004): 155–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1565363304000111.
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Penkovsky, Vladimir, and Yuri Shermolovich. "Thionitroso Compounds: Theoretical Aspects of Structure and Reactivity." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 95, no. 1-4 (October 1994): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509408034217.
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Maguire, R. James. "Environmental aspects of tributyltin." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1, no. 6 (1987): 475–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010602.
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Stauber, J. L., T. M. Florence, B. L. Gulson, and L. S. Dale. "Percutaneous absorption of inorganic lead compounds." Science of The Total Environment 145, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90297-6.
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Janicki, Rafał, and Anna Mondry. "Structural and thermodynamic aspects of hydration of Gd(iii) systems." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 10 (2019): 3380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04869j.
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Gârban, Zeno, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Gabriela Gârban, Adina Avacovici, Nicoleta Hădărugă, Cornel Baltă, George-Daniel Ghibu, Cristina Bischin, and Olga-Alina Rada. "Metallomics related to gallium compounds: biochemical and xenobiochemical aspects." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 33, no. 1 (May 2, 2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2014.131.
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Issues concerning the chemical compounds studied in the framework of metallomics are of interest both for biochemistry – domain dealing with the metabolization of nutrients and xenobiochemistry – a subsequent domain of biochemistry dealing with the biodegradation of xenobiotics. In this context, reviewed here are in vivo and in vitro data on inorganic and organo-metallic compounds of gallium (Ga), ranging from cellular and molecular biology, to biochemistry and pathobiochemistry, and to pharmacology and related to homeostasis and nutrient degradation.
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Okazaki, Renji, Norihiro Tokitoh, Akihiko Ishii, Naoko Ishii, Yasusuke Matsuhashi, Tsuyoshi Matsumoto, and Hiroyuki Suzuki. "New Aspects of Organoselenium Compounds Containing Group 14 Elements." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 67, no. 1-4 (April 1, 1992): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509208045819.
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Franchini, I., and A. Mutti. "Selected toxicological aspects of chromium(VI) compounds." Science of The Total Environment 71, no. 3 (June 1988): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90210-0.
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