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1
Clear, R., and S. Berman. "Environmental and Health Aspects of Lighting: Mercury." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 23, no. 2 (July 1994): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1994.10748088.
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Zheng, Ying, Li Wei Huang, Mi Mi Wang, Hui Qin Chen, and Li Zhen Zhang. "The Application of LED Lighting in Museum Exhibition Hall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3449.
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This paper analyzed the important of lighting in museum from three main aspects, environmental lighting. LED lighting can not only meet requirements of museum lighting, and also has advantage of protecting historical relics and intelligent energy saving. The dimming control of accent lighting is achieved by infrared detection, distance detection of visitor and exhibits. Intelligent lighting and bionic controlling improve the intelligent level of exhibition, protect historical relics effectively, reflect the topic of energy saving and environmental protection.
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Mukherjee, Proneel. "An Overview of Energy Efficient Lighting System Design for Indoor Applications of an Office Building." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.45.
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Indoor Lighting design of different types of buildings is a very challenging and technology oriented work. Building lighting designing has specific rules and regulations and can be varied depending upon the designers choice. As per National Building Code of India, buildings can be classified according to the use or the character of occupancy in one of the nine groups. These are Group A_(Residential), Group B_(Educational), Group C_(Institutional),Group D_(Assembly ),Group E_(Business), Group F_(Mercantile), Group G_(Industrial) ,Group H_(Storage) and Group J_(Hazardous) types of buildings. With the reduction of energy consumption, there should not be any sacrifice in quality and quantity of light required as per the lighting codes. The shortage of Electrical energy is increasing gradually. As it is the energy source of lighting, the lighting designers should be more concerned about energy efficient lighting system design. LED consumes less power than the conventional luminaires & maintains almost the same lighting level. So, lighting designers are using LED luminaires into their designs now a days. Also, renewable energy sources driven lighting systems should be used. It will be environmental friendly also. A proper lighting design requires consideration of the amount of functional light level provided, the energy consumed and the aesthetic effect supplied by the lighting system. The electrical lighting systems should also consider the impacts of, and ideally be integrated with, daylighting systems. Building lighting design focuses on three fundamental aspects of the illumination of buildings or spaces. The first is the aesthetic appeal of a building. Secondly, the ergonomic aspect: the measure of how much of a function the lighting can achieve. Thirdly is the energy efficiency issue to ensure that light is not wasted by over-illumination, light pollution, by illuminating vacant spaces unnecessarily or by providing more light than needed for the aesthetics or the task.
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Hamdar, Bassam, Elie Meouchy, and Zeinab Hamdar. "Environmental and Behavioral Modeling of Mitigating Light Pollution: Implication for a Better World." International Journal of Business Administration 12, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v12n3p12.
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Light has always fascinated humans, thus they used to burn different materials to illuminate their indoors and outdoors as well at night for better visibility and safety. Nighttime lighting has rapidly proliferated throughout the cities and has kept the darkness away. Artificial light, which has become a necessity, contributes to the so-called Light Pollution. Light pollution is therefore a crucial aspect for lighting designers to consider while designing. Knowing how to accomplish ‘good’ lighting is considered a characteristic, and a distinctive skill of lighting professionals. The objective of this study is to highlight the causes behind light pollution, the groups that are contributing to its existence, and to identify ways and means for avoiding it. To achieve the objective of this study, the following three questions were adopted: What produces light pollution? How could light pollution be reduced? Finally, are lighting design companies helping in light pollution mitigation? A survey of lighting professionals was adopted to trace out the main causes of light pollution. The results show that lighting professionals are considered as the main responsible factor for light pollution, and play a major role in its mitigation.
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Hermoso-Orzáez, Manuel Jesús, José Adolfo Lozano-Miralles, Rafael Lopez-Garcia, and Paulo Brito. "Environmental Criteria for Assessing the Competitiveness of Public Tenders with the Replacement of Large-Scale LEDs in the Outdoor Lighting of Cities as a Key Element for Sustainable Development: Case Study Applied with PROMETHEE Methodology." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215982.
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The technological change to LEDs is an unstoppable reality which, little by little, is becoming increasingly important in terms of the lighting inside and outside our homes. The exterior lighting of our cities is moving decisively and clearly towards the incorporation of this technology in urban spaces. The energy efficiency, light quality, and economic benefits of LED technology are an unquestionable reality. This is causing public administration projects involving large-scale switches to LEDs to be promoted and financed; however, it is beginning to be observed that the commitment to the policies decided by this technology should take into account some environmental aspects which have not been studied to date. The environmental impact of the substitutions is caused by the need to valorize the replaced luminaires. Until now, most have been stored without the possibility of use, reuse, or recovery. The environmental impact produced in the manufacture of LED luminaires that replace the old sodium vapor (VSAP) or metal halide (MH) discharge lamps must also be considered. In addition, in the administrative clauses specifications that govern the public tenders, it is observed that the fundamental environmental aspects both of recycling the old lamps, and of the life cycle analysis (LCA) of the luminaires that are replacing them, have not been contemplated or valued with sufficient weight. In addition, there are very few public substitution contests in which environmental criteria are rewarded or valued in an important way. This work intends to summarize a methodological proposal using the techniques of multiple decision-making criteria for the selection of bidding companies for public outdoor lighting competitions. We propose the use of the PROMETHEE method multi-criteria analysis for the application of the most commonly used criteria for the luminaire LED selection process, including an environmental impact assessment with LCA techniques, and propose this as a case or model guide in the public contests of cities. A model of the bidding conditions that addresses and assesses the environmental aspects which are absolutely key to sustainable development is supported by the ecological criteria of the circular economy.
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van Duijnhoven, J., M. P. J. Aarts, M. B. C. Aries, A. L. P. Rosemann, and H. S. M. Kort. "Systematic review on the interaction between office light conditions and occupational health: Elucidating gaps and methodological issues." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 2 (October 10, 2017): 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17735162.
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Purpose The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) recommends researchers to investigate a wide variety of behavioural and health outcomes. However, researchers often investigate only a part of occupational health (OH) in relation to light. A literature study (2002–2017) regarding the relationship between office lighting conditions and OH was performed to identify gaps and methodological issues. Method The OH outcomes investigated in this paper were grouped according to the International Classification of Diseases and analysed per category: physical and physiological health, mental health, eye health, sleep parameters and visual comfort. Results Findings from the literature study (20 eligible papers) showed that all OH aspects were mostly but not exclusively measured subjectively. Furthermore, most studies investigated only a fraction of office lighting parameters and OH aspects. Conclusions It seems that Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) and illuminance mainly correlate with OH. However, this may also be explained by gaps and methodological issues in studies described in eligible papers. Based on the literature study, an overview was composed elucidating gaps and methodological issues of office lighting and OH studies. It can be used to design and target the purpose of light and health research.
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Beu, Dorin, Calin Ciugudeanu, and Mircea Buzdugan. "Circular Economy Aspects Regarding LED Lighting Retrofit—from Case Studies to Vision." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2018): 3674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103674.
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The lighting industry is still a linear economy, despite the extensive use of light-emitting diode (LED) and the ban of incandescent/halogen lamps, claiming to be greener and more human centered. Light-emitting diode has changed radically the whole lighting industry with an increased luminaire efficacy more than four times higher compared with fluorescent lamps and their new opportunities for modern control systems. In the years to come, millions of fluorescent luminaires will become waste and will be replaced by LED luminaires. According to the Cost European Cooperation in Science & Technology Program the next step will be from sustainability to regenerative (enabling social and ecological systems to maintain a healthy state and to evolve) and to get there, circular economy is essential. In order to reduce even further the carbon footprint, the retrofit of existing luminaires and additional modern control systems should be the solution. Circular economy aspects for the lighting area were identified using the university adopted lighting retrofit solutions as case studies. For an LED retrofitted recessed luminaire 4 × T8 18 W studies showed a major installed power reduction, a good lighting distribution, but also revealed some problems: the retrofit luminaire has no certification, necessity of qualified personnel, high labor costs, etc. A major issue is the fact that luminaire design did not take into consideration circular economy aspects like the possibility of future retrofit solutions. It is important that from now on a different approach should be foreseen for the LED luminaire design. There is a section about vision, which plays an important role in preparing new luminaire generations with circular economy in mind.
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Xiong, Ai Min, Fei Yu Li, and Xuan Xie. "Intelligent Shading Control System Based on the Lonworks Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.665.
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In order to improve the lighting and temperature control in large public buildings, intelligent shading technology has been growing attention. This intelligent shading control system is based on the Lonworks bus. It uses various sensors to detect indoor and outdoor light intensity and temperature changes automatically, the system provides reasonable the curtain control program to change the height of the curtains and the blade angle, to regulate indoor lighting and air-conditioning, reducing building energy consumption in all aspects. Common TCP / IP protocol is used to achieve a seamless connection with the building automation system. It concerns with energy saving, low carbon, environmental protection, intelligence concept of modern building.
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Ixtaina, P. A., A. Armas, B. Bannert, and G. H. Marin. "Use Effects on the Reflection of Macro Textured Surfaces." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2016-0007.
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Abstract The emergence of led luminaries in street lighting has modified traditional design guidelines. The highest led energy efficiency allows keeping suitable lighting levels with less installed power. Thus, the present design line of a street lighting installation is closely related to the technological change: kind of led to be used, suitable lens, efficacy relationship regarding high pressure sodium, light colour temperature, spectrum. The “impact” associated to with led conversion relegates main aspects of street designs: effect of road reflective properties and installation depreciation. The wear produced by traffic, as well as the environmental conditions gradually modifies the road reflection matrix. In a street lighting installation, this change alters the luminance arrangement on the road together with the perception conditions. This phenomenon is a determining factor within the global concept of depreciation affecting lighting systems in general and also street lighting installations designed by the Luminance Technique. In the present work changes, due to use, in the shape of street reflection matrices of Argentinean highways are analyzed. The analyzed r-tables were obtained through “in-situ” measurements, with road reflectometer. A first group corresponds to the initial conditions of macro textured roads which were measured in the period 2001/2003. The second studied set contains r-tables of the same type, and according to its use the surfaces can be considered in steady state, assessed between 2005 and 2009. The study provides information about the shape of matrixes and its alteration, specularity and scale factor, relating such parameters with the possible effects on the resulting lighting.
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Sowa, Sławomir. "An improvement in the energetic efficiency of a building using daylight in the light control system." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500115.
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Increasing the energy effectiveness of buildings focuses mainly on limiting the use of heat and electricity. The benefits from such activities have an impact on the cutting of running costs and assist in environmental protection thanks to the limited demand for primary energy. It is extremely important for the whole of humanity to perform actions to improve the energy effectiveness of buildings. One of the ways of limiting the use of energy for lighting, when it comes to electricity, is to implement a control system, which would enable limiting energy consumption, while giving proper user comfort and safety at the same time. This article describes the legal aspects connected with energy effectiveness and it also deals with a lighting control system that uses daylight.
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Radwan, Ahmed, and Mohamed H. Issa. "AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT WELL-BEING IN MANITOBA SCHOOL BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1552-6100.12.1.123.
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This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba, Canada, and to evaluate the well-being of these schools' teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms' indoor environment. The schools include a middle-aged, conventional school; a new, non-green school; and a new, green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system. The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers' long-term satisfaction with their classrooms' indoor environmental quality. The results showed that the new, green and new, non-green schools' classrooms performed better than the conventional, middle-aged school's classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only. Teachers in the new, green school and in the new, non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional, middle-aged school with their classrooms' overall indoor environmental quality, lighting quality and indoor air quality. Surprisingly, the new, green and new-non green school classrooms' performance were very comparable with the new, green school's classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity. Similarly, none of the differences in teachers' satisfaction ratings between the new, green and new, non-green school were statistically significant.
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Wänström Lindh, Ulrika, and Annika K. Jägerbrand. "Perceived Lighting Uniformity on Pedestrian Roads: From an Architectural Perspective." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123647.
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Lighting uniformity is a key factor in traffic safety, and it could even result in energy savings for light installations. However, highly uniform horizontal road lighting for motorized vehicles may not be optimal for pedestrian roads. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the way in which pedestrians experience road lighting uniformity. Accordingly, we employed a qualitative approach to examine pedestrian road lighting uniformity. Visual analyses were used to exemplify and discuss the perceived uniformity. The case studies were performed on three pedestrian roads with similar light installations. The results show that the experience of road lighting uniformity differs substantially between the three roads. Based on the case studies, there are many aspects that need to be considered beyond the light falling on the horizontal surfaces. This study suggests that the visual experience of road lighting uniformity for pedestrians is difficult to estimate with photometric values because the visual impact of uniformity is highly influenced by the spatial context and landscape.
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Gomes, Chandima, and Zainal Kadir. "EFFICIENT LIGHTNING PROTECTION: OPTIMIZATION OF ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ASPECTS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 14, no. 8 (2015): 1975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2015.212.
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M.Prakash, U., Priyanshu Madan, K. R. GokulAnand, and S. Prabhakaran. "Intelligent Lighting System and Garbage Monitoring System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16554.
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This paper aims at designing a system that focusses on two major societal issues in India i.e. improper garbage management and loss of energy from existing street lighting systems. We designed an intelligent lighting system Using embedded systems and machine learning algorithm we predict the environmental lighting conditions and accordingly change the behavior of the street lights. The present street lighting systems use timer or manual interaction to turn on and off the lights. But these methods are not energy efficient. In our model, we used Light Dependent Resistor LDR and algorithm to eliminate those drawbacks. In Garbage monitoring system, alerting the concerned authorities about the level of garbage collected was the most important aspect. In this system, an Ultrasonic sensor along with machine learning algorithm was used to solve the above situation.
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Lee, Sewon, and Kyung Sun Lee. "A Study on the Improvement of the Evaluation Scale of Discomfort Glare in Educational Facilities." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173265.
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The lighting environment is a factor that significantly affects the physical and psychological aspects of occupants of a building. In particular, educational facilities should be designed to provide adequate natural lighting because it has a profound impact on students’ health and learning performance. Although environmental certification systems include evaluation items for improving the indoor light environment, there is a lack of evaluation criteria regarding the corresponding issue of glare. Therefore, this study aims to help visualize areas where indoor glare problems occur, and to improve the evaluation scale of discomfort glare in environmental certification systems. A standard high school classroom in Seoul was analyzed to study glare issues in the educational space. DIVA for Rhino—Grasshopper, a light environment simulation program based on Radiance and DAYSIM program, was used to obtain reliable light analysis simulation results, and the daylight glare probability (DGP) measure was used to calculate discomfort glare. The results of the simulation and analysis suggest this is a method for improving glare evaluation measures that are lacking in indoor environmental certification standards. The visualized frequency of discomfort glare data is useful for planning the layout of the indoor space, opening, and shading design of a building to prevent glare problems.
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Pritts, Marvin P. "USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS IN SMALL FRUIT PRODUCTION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1178e—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1178e.
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Manipulating light, temperature, moisture, and nutrients to favor plant growth and productivity is an important component of horticulture. The technology required to achieve such manipulation ranges from inexpensive, basic practices to elaborate, costly approaches involving the latest engineering advances. For example, pruning and mulching are relatively low-tech methods for improving light interception and soil moisture status in small fruit plantings. At the opposite extreme are glass houses with supplemental lighting, CO2 enrichment, and nutrient film hydroponic systems Of greatest value to small fruit growers, however, is technology that ran be applied in field situations, such as the use of overhead irrigation for maintaining soil moisture status, frost protection, and evaporative cooling. One of the greatest challenges to small fruit growers and rcsearchers is integrating new technology into production systems. The introduction of a new technique for environmental modification usually has indirect effects on other aspects of management, which may require additional technology to compensate for adverse changes while maintaining the favorable change. In addition, unique macro- and microclimates demand and market opportunities, specific solutions, and the result is a dynamic, diverse collage of production systems used by growers throughout the world.
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Peña-García, Antonio, and Ferdinando Salata. "The Perspective of Total Lighting as a Key Factor to Increase the Sustainability of Strategic Activities." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072751.
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In the last decades, lighting has evolved from a branch of engineering ensuring safety and performance in indoor and outdoor installations, to a key discipline interacting with a wide spectrum of fields and having a deep impact on our daily lives. Although this evolution also applies to other areas of knowledge, the special features of lighting make its potential and also its limitations different. It is not the typical field where a well-established mathematical framework allows a departure from well-defined input and identifying clear effects and conclusions. The reason is that lighting is a field dealing with the interaction between a physical phenomenon and a physiological and psychological system, the human being. In addition to the complexity of its basis, the relationship between lighting and sustainability has become stronger in recent years. This relationship is bi-directional in some cases: on one hand, advanced societies require more and more complex lighting installations, which means high energy consumption, use of raw materials, financial costs, manufacturing and maintenance processes, waste and emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, good lighting has an impact on issues like productivity, well-being, happiness, disease avoidance, safety, and many other qualitative aspects whose direct or indirect impact on sustainability is remarkable. This work will analyze how lighting can give answers to questions related to sustainability, not only from the classic topics of energy consumption and waste management, but from a wider and global perspective. The results of these works are analyzed, and the basis of the new framework of total lighting, discussed.
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Rahmayanti, Dina, and Angela Artha. "Analisis Bahaya Fisik: Hubungan Tingkat Pencahayaan dan Keluhan Mata Pekerja pada Area Perkantoran Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) PT. Pertamina RU VI Balongan." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 14, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v14.n1.p71-98.2015.
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The eyes are part of the body that must be protected workers safety and health. Sufficient light is one of the most important aspects that determine the health of the eye, excellent lighting intensity affect the eyes. This study was performed at PT Pertamina RU VI Balongan, based on observation in the work area, it is necessary to evaluate the intensity of light and eyestrain workers in a unit of PT. Pertamina Refinery Unit VI Balongan.Be collected on primary and secondary data and processing in the form of statistical testing using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Software 2.0. Tests conducted on four types of questionnaires and data variables intensity lighting in the office area of HSE unit RU VI Balongan.There are 12 rooms which have the following illumination standard (under 300 lux). Based on a statistical test between the variable quality of the lighting of the eye complaints get results there are two variables that have a relationship. In addition, all respondents had complaints of eye fatigue that varies with the highest percentage of 80% with complaints of eye feels sleepy and 63% of workers feel pain in the neck or shoulder.Keywords: lighting intensity, eye complaints, work practice.AbstrakMata merupakan bagian tubuh pekerja yang harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya. Cahaya yang cukup merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting yang menentukan kesehatan mata, Intensitas cahaya yang baik sangat mempengaruhi mata. Penelitian ini dilakukan pad PT Pertamina RU VI Balongan mengenai pengevaluasian terhadap intensitas cahaya dan efeknya terhadap kelelahan mata pekerja di salah satu unit perusahaan tersebut. Dilakukan pengumpulan terhadap data primer dan sekunder serta pengolahan dalam bentuk pengujian statistika menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Software SPSS 2.0. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap empat jenis variabel kuesioner dan data intensitas pencahayaan di area perkantoran unit HSE RU VI Balongan.Terdapat 12 ruangan yang memiliki NAB dibawah standar (dibawah 300 lux). Berdasarkan uji statistika antara variabel kualitas pencahayaan terhadap keluhan mata mendapatkan hasil terdapat dua variabel yang memiliki hubungan. Selain itu seluruh responden memiliki keluhan kelelahan mata yang bervariasi dengan persentase paling tinggi sebesar 80% dengan keluhan berupa mata terasa mengantuk dan 63% pekerja merasa nyeri dibagian leher atau bahu.Kata kunci : intensitas pencahayaan, keluhan mata, kerja praktek.
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Johnson, Ashley M., Shannon Stanis, and Rebecca C. Fuller. "Diurnal lighting patterns and habitat alter opsin expression and colour preferences in a killifish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (July 22, 2013): 20130796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0796.
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Spatial variation in lighting environments frequently leads to population variation in colour patterns, colour preferences and visual systems. Yet lighting conditions also vary diurnally, and many aspects of visual systems and behaviour vary over this time scale. Here, we use the bluefin killifish ( Lucania goodei ) to compare how diurnal variation and habitat variation (clear versus tannin-stained water) affect opsin expression and the preference to peck at different-coloured objects. Opsin expression was generally lowest at midnight and dawn, and highest at midday and dusk, and this diurnal variation was many times greater than variation between habitats. Pecking preference was affected by both diurnal and habitat variation but did not correlate with opsin expression. Rather, pecking preference matched lighting conditions, with higher preferences for blue at noon and for red at dawn/dusk, when these wavelengths are comparatively scarce. Similarly, blue pecking preference was higher in tannin-stained water where blue wavelengths are reduced. In conclusion, L. goodei exhibits strong diurnal cycles of opsin expression, but these are not tightly correlated with light intensity or colour. Temporally variable pecking preferences probably result from lighting environment rather than from opsin production. These results may have implications for the colour pattern diversity observed in these fish.
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Vela-Cobos, Francisco Javier, Ronald Cavero, Carlos A. Platero, and José A. Sánchez-Fernández. "Luces Nuevas Experience Lighting Rural Bolivia: A Way to Reach SDG 7." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810041.
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United Nations SDG 7 is that, by 2030, there will be an affordable, reliable and clean universal access to energy (UAE). To reach this goal, technological and social issues should be considered jointly. In this paper, the approach used by the Non-Governmental Organization “Luces Nuevas Internacional” is presented. Luces Nuevas has successfully provided basic electricity access to sparse rural communities in rural Bolivia. This paper emphasizes the methodological aspects of the approach. The key ingredient to the success is the involvement of all the stakeholders in all steps of the solution. In this way, end users feel the solution as their solution. Therefore, they are willing to use and properly maintain the devices that they buy to obtain electricity access. The case of the Tipas community shows that this approach can provide access to energy to every family that desires it. The experience shows that reaching SDG 7 requires taking into account not only the technological and economic aspects, but also the social aspects of the problem. End users involvement, from the beginning, of an electrification project is key to its success.
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Jain, Nishesh, Esfand Burman, Craig Robertson, Samuel Stamp, Clive Shrubsole, Francesco Aletta, Edward Barrett, et al. "Building performance evaluation: Balancing energy and indoor environmental quality in a UK school building." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419897397.
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There is a policy-driven focus, at present, on improving the energy performance of buildings. However, energy-related issues alone do not capture the full impact of buildings on occupants and the wider environment. The performance of a building also includes occupant wellbeing and indoor environmental quality. Specifically, in schools, indoor environmental quality (thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics) is an important aspect. Additionally, the issue of the ‘performance gap’, generally focused on energy, also affects indoor environmental quality parameters and needs to be addressed holistically. This paper reports on a holistic building performance evaluation covering aspects of energy, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. It assesses the performance issues and inter-relationships between energy and indoor environmental quality in a recently built school campus in London. Based on the evidence collated from this case study and supplementary literature, the endemic issues and constraints within the construction industry are explored, such as inappropriate design calculations and resistance to new low-carbon technologies. Further, lessons for improved performance in the design, operation and maintenance of schools are highlighted such as factoring in the changing building use trends during design and the significance of optimal operations and maintenance of building systems for better energy and indoor environmental quality performance. This study shows that if the building design focus primarily remains on energy, unintended consequence of indoor environmental quality underperformance may occur where there are conflicts between energy and indoor environmental quality objectives. An integrated approach to building performance can help address this issue. Practical application: There are often conflicts between energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) objectives in building design and operation. Most building performance evaluations are primarily focused on one set of these performance criteria. This building performance evaluation was done with an integrated energy and IEQ perspective. The study identifies the causes of underperformance in energy and IEQ in a recently built school in London. Some of the findings from this study provide lessons that are relevant across the industry for the delivery of low-carbon and healthy buildings. These lessons include methods to further strengthen the policy frameworks and design protocols along with overall improvements in the processes followed during design, construction and operation of schools and other non-domestic buildings. The paper can also inform building designers, contractors and facility managers about the ways to reduce the performance gap and achieve energy targets without unintended consequences for indoor environment.
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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Stephan Seeling, Christel Egner-Duppich, Michele Palm, Manuel Seeger, and Johannes B. Ries. "Challenges and Opportunities Facing Light Pollution: Smart Light-Hub Interreg." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030063.
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Light pollution is a well-known problem because of its negative impacts on human health, flora, and fauna. From an ecological and engineering point of view, the literature states to consider the following aspects: (1) the light intensity; (2) the composition of the spectrum; (3) the time and duration of lighting to optimize the time of illumination with the available technologies; (4) the periods of lighting and the control cone; (5) the height and spacing between the light sources to optimize the space between the light sources, to reduce the flow of light and unnecessary energy consumption; (6) the environmental impact studies on-site; and (7) the analysis of real needs and less standardized approaches, examining the evolution of use and habits of light consumption. Accordingly, we want to present the SMART LIGHT-HUB (INTERREG) project, which pretends, during the next 3 years (2019–2021), to deliver smart lighting systems to reach the widest possible public, such as companies active in the relevant subject areas. We are setting up an R&D network in the Grande Région (Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, and France) to facilitate the emergence of new collective solutions to needs that are not addressed in the private and public sectors, in terms of lighting. We are planning exchange workshops, which serve to complete the project, concerning the interested parties on the ground (public authorities, chambers of commerce and industry, local authorities, public–private sector, private companies, etc.) and external participants representing the final consumers. We also want to work on restoring a protected nighttime environment (i.e., continuous areas of “nocturnal/black corridors” for animals that cannot tolerate artificial light).
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Hadi, Khatereh, Jennifer R. Du Bose, and Young-Seon Choi. "The Effect of Light on Sleep and Sleep-Related Physiological Factors Among Patients in Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719827946.
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Objectives: Lighting is one of the environmental factors which can improve patient sleep in healthcare environments. Due to the high degree of variation in study designs and results on this topic, the implications have been difficult to interpret. This review consolidates studies on the impact of bright light exposure on sleep to identify lighting conditions that can be applied and researched in future healthcare environments. Methods: We searched for peer-reviewed articles on the impact of light on sleep or sleep-related outcomes in healthcare settings. We provided detailed analysis of the direct links between light and sleep, and a more cursory analysis of links between light and sleep-related factors, from 34 articles which met our inclusion criteria. Results: The current state of the literature includes evidence on how various durations and intensities of morning, midday, and evening bright light exposure, as well as whole-day light exposure interventions can improve specific aspects of sleep. Lighting interventions differed in all attributes (illuminance levels, exposure time, exposure duration, and spectral qualities) but showed promising results in improving patients’ sleep. Conclusions: Short-term bright light exposure in the morning, up to 2 hr of moderate (3,000–10,000 lux) morning exposures, up to 4 hr of moderate evening exposure, and whole-day exposures to lower illuminance levels (<3,000 lux) can improve patient sleep outcomes. Based on new findings on the mechanism through which light impacts sleep, future studies should be more specific about the spectral qualities of light sources.
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Osibona, Oluwapelumi, Bethlehem D. Solomon, and Daniela Fecht. "Lighting in the Home and Health: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020609.
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Poor housing is an important determinant of poor health. One key aspect of housing quality is lighting. Light is important for visual performance and safety, and also plays a vital role in regulating human physiological functions. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the relationship between lighting in the home and health and recommends areas for future research. Three databases were searched for relevant literature using pre-defined inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were qualitatively synthesised according to type of lighting (natural light, artificial light and light at night) and stratified by broad health domains (physical, mental and sleep health). Of the 4043 records retrieved, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in light exposure metrics used and specific health outcome assessed by the studies. Lighting in the home can negatively affect health but the current evidence base is limited to a small number of studies in different domains of light and health. Further research surrounding specific health outcomes is required to better inform housing quality assessments and lighting practises in the home.
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Cook, Jeffrey, and Tanis Hinchcliffe. "Designing the well-tempered institution of 1873." Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 2 (1995): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002773.
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The Museum of Natural History in London exemplified the state of environmental services when it was built in 1873. Although the admirable qualities of the building's natural lighting have sometimes been noticed, other aspects of its environmental design have drawn little comment. This paper explores the fabric of the building behind the scenes, related to the integral construction for ventilation. Recent on-site investigations under the floor of the basement, within the attics and elsewhere, reveal the former presence of a comprehensive fresh-air ventilation system of surprising versatility before the advent of electrically-driven fans. Archival documents provide details. The design and performance of such fresh-air systems inform us about the evolution of building services and about the practice of architecture and engineering as distinct professions. And the forgotten knowledge revealed may serve to help in the design of natural and low energy systems for large buildings today.
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ANNEAR, MICHAEL, SALLY KEELING, TIM WILKINSON, GRANT CUSHMAN, BOB GIDLOW, and HEATHER HOPKINS. "Environmental influences on healthy and active ageing: a systematic review." Ageing and Society 34, no. 4 (November 6, 2012): 590–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1200116x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the evidence for environmental influences on older adult health and activity participation, identifies current knowledge gaps and limitations within this literature, and offers recommendations for future research via a systematic appraisal of 83 quantitative and qualitative studies. A Cochrane-type review procedure was followed, which incorporated structured database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and peer review. The review findings identify support for both personal and environmental influences on health and activity participation in later life. Reported personal influences include ethnicity and cultural norms, energy and motivation, sex, age, education, genetic heritage, self-efficacy, and personal financial circumstances. Reported environmental influences on activity participation include climate, level of pollution, street lighting, traffic conditions, accessibility and appropriateness of services and facilities, socio-economic conditions, aesthetics, pedestrian infrastructure, community life, exposure to antisocial behaviour, social network participation, environmental degradation, level of urbanism, exposure to natural settings, familiarity with local environment and others. Recommendations for future research include the need for innovative research methods; involvement of older adults as research collaborators; investigation of wider aspects of the active ageing concept; in-depth assessment of the environmental characteristics of areas; investigation of the pathways leading from environment to health and activity participation; and more theoretically informed research or increased contribution of research to theory development.
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Young Lee, Sook, Lillian Hung, and Habib Chaudhury. "450 - Exploring staff perspectives on the role of physical environment in dementia care facilities in Sweden and Canada." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220003026.
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This study explored staff perceptions of the role of physical environment in dementia care facilities in affecting resident’s behaviors and staff care practice. We used focus group method (Krueger & Casey, 2000; Krueger, 1998) to elicit staff’s shared perceptions on the impact of the physical environment on residents’ behaviors and on their own care practice. A total of 24 staff members from four facilities, two in Sweden and two in Canada, participated. Discussions in the focus groups generated rich and inter-subjective accounts via dynamic and interactive exchange among participants. Participants were explained that the researchers were particularly interested in three aspects of the physical environment: architecture or spatial layout of the setting (e.g. corridor length, bath room size, etc.), interior design aspects (e.g. lighting, flooring, furnishing, etc.) and sensory aspects (e.g. noise, smell, tactile properties, etc.). Staff in both countries reported similar physical environmental characteristics that enabled and hindered them from delivering good care. This study yielded three environmental themes that have a substantial effect on the social interaction and care practice: design ambience, space arrangement, and sensory stimuli. The deficits in the physical environmental characteristics prevented staff from providing effective person-centred care. Our findings identified substantial differences between the facilities of the two countries, although it is possible that greater differences might exist between the range of facilities in each country about the quality of environment and care. The quality of environment contributed to a high job satisfaction reported by staff in Sweden. The unsupportive and problematic features of the physical environment seemed to be the primary factor that triggers agitation among the residents with dementia in Canada.
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Jain, Nishesh, Esfand Burman, Samuel Stamp, Clive Shrubsole, Roderic Bunn, Tin Oberman, Edward Barrett, et al. "Building Performance Evaluation of a New Hospital Building in the UK: Balancing Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Performance." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010115.
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Hospitals are controlled yet complex ecosystems which provide a therapeutic environment that promotes healing, wellbeing and work efficiency for patients and staff. As these buildings accommodate the sick and vulnerable, occupant wellbeing and good indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that deals with indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal comfort, lighting and acoustics are important objectives. As the specialist nature of hospital function demands highly controlled indoor environments, this makes them energy intensive buildings due to the complex and varying specifications for their functions and operations. This paper reports on a holistic building performance evaluation covering aspects of indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, acoustics, and energy use. It assesses the performance issues and inter-relationships between IEQ and energy in a new building on a hospital campus in the city of Bristol, United Kingdom. The empirical evidence collated from this case study and the feedback received from the hospital staff help identify the endemic issues and constraints related to hospital buildings, such as the need for robust ventilation strategies in hospitals in urban areas that mitigate the effect of indoor and outdoor air pollution and ensuring the use of planned new low-carbon technologies. Whilst the existing guidelines for building design provide useful instructions for the protection of hospital buildings against ingress of particulate matter from outdoors, more advanced filtration strategies may be required to enact chemical reactions required to control the concentration levels of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and benzene. Further lessons for improved performance in operation and maintenance of hospitals are highlighted. These include ensuring that the increasingly available metering and monitoring data in new buildings, through building management systems, is used for efficient and optimal building operations for better IEQ and energy management. Overall, the study highlights the need for an integrated and holistic approach to building performance to ensure that healthy environments are provided while energy efficiency targets are met.
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Çeliker, Afet. "Sustainable Housing: A Conceptual Approach." Open House International 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0008.
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Sustainable architecture is a well-known and studied subject for severeal decades. The environmental awareness of professionals has put sustainability in the center of the profession of architecture and has resulted in introducing and implementing ecological designs both in the scale of buildings and cities. This article presents sustainable architecture criteria, reckons regional aspects, interprets vernacular architecture and, proposes sustainable housing unit models for Mediterranean region, specifically Cyprus. The article intends to study existing researches regarding the subject, reveals and updates key aspects on sustainable housing by focusing on the passive solar systems through proposals. The article contains proposals of an experimental and conceptual approach of a group of graduate studio course students who are architects and interior designers. The conceptual approaches of design proposals are sustainable through the usage of local materials, orientation, usage of passive solar systems, natural ventilation and lighting, hence these proposals are intended to create a diversity. In that sense, this article presents possibilities of ideal plan layouts and facades for sustainable architectural housing units in Mediterranean region, Cyprus, based on the revealed key aspects on sustainability. The originality of the article is on the design proposals that take inspiration from the characteristics of vernacular architecture, but show a contemporary approach of design.
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GENERALOV, Victor Pavlovich, and Elena Mikhaylovna GENERALOVA. "SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ECOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY OF LARGE-SCALE AFFORDABLE HOUSING WITH HONG KONG AS AN EXAMPLE." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.04.3.
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The article discusses issues related to the need for sustainable development of th-city environment, analyzes the problems arising in the process of formation of modern standards of energy efficiency and sustainability of affordable mass housing in Russia. Lighting beauty rich experience of Hong Kong in the use of green technologies during construction and operation of high-rise complexes, public housing, site improvement, development of public infrastructure, as well as criteria certification based on the level of environmental efficiency. Specifics of using different types of renewable energy, the active planting areas, protection measures against noise and innovative design approaches in terms of high-density development when the inclusion of residential units in the urban environment is based on the collection and comprehensive processing of large amount of information, covering architectural design, engineering, technological, economic and other aspects.
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Ni, Kai, Yihua Hu, Xianming Ye, Hamzah S. AlZubi, Phil Goddard, and Mohammed Alkahtani. "Carbon Footprint Modeling of a Clinical Lab." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113105.
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Modeling of a clinical lab carbon footprint is performed in this study from the aspects of electricity, water, gas consumption and waste production from lab instruments. These environmental impact indicators can be expressed in the form of the CO2 equivalent. For each type of clinical test, the corresponding consumption of energy resources and the production of plastics and papers are taken into consideration. In addition, the basic lab infrastructures such as heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, lights, and computers also contribute to the environmental impact. Human comfort is to be taken into account when optimizing the operation of lab instruments, and is related to the operation of HVAC and lighting systems. The detailed modeling takes into consideration the types of clinical tests, operating times, and instrument specifications. Two ways of disposing waste are classified. Moreover, the indoor environment is modeled. A case study of the Biochrom 30+ amino acid analyzer physiological system in Alder Hey Children’s Hospital is carried out, and the methods of mitigating the overall environmental impacts are discussed. Furthermore, the influence of climate on the results is investigated by using the climate data in Liverpool and Athens in October.
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Knopp, Melanie U., Katherine Binzel, Chadwick L. Wright, Jun Zhang, and Michael V. Knopp. "Enhancing Patient Experience With Internet Protocol Addressable Digital Light-Emitting Diode Lighting in Imaging Environments: A Phase I Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): e11839. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11839.
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Background Conventional approaches to improve the quality of clinical patient imaging studies focus predominantly on updating or replacing imaging equipment; however, it is often not considered that patients can also highly influence the diagnostic quality of clinical imaging studies. Patient-specific artifacts can limit the diagnostic image quality, especially when patients are uncomfortable, anxious, or agitated. Imaging facility or environmental conditions can also influence the patient’s comfort and willingness to participate in diagnostic imaging studies, especially when performed in visually unesthetic, anxiety-inducing, and technology-intensive imaging centers. When given the opportunity to change a single aspect of the environmental or imaging facility experience, patients feel much more in control of the otherwise unfamiliar and uncomfortable setting. Incorporating commercial, easily adaptable, ambient lighting products within clinical imaging environments allows patients to individually customize their environment for a more personalized and comfortable experience. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to use a customizable colored light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system within a clinical imaging environment and demonstrate the feasibility and initial findings of enabling healthy subjects to customize the ambient lighting and color. Improving the patient experience within clinical imaging environments with patient-preferred ambient lighting and color may improve overall patient comfort, compliance, and participation in the imaging study and indirectly contribute to improving diagnostic image quality. Methods We installed consumer-based internet protocol addressable LED lights using the ZigBee standard in different imaging rooms within a clinical imaging environment. We recruited healthy volunteers (n=35) to generate pilot data in order to develop a subsequent clinical trial. The visual perception assessment procedure utilized questionnaires with preprogrammed light/color settings and further assessed how subjects preferred ambient light and color within a clinical imaging setting. Results Technical implementation using programmable LED lights was performed without any hardware or electrical modifications to the existing clinical imaging environment. Subject testing revealed substantial variabilities in color perception; however, clear trends in subject color preference were noted. In terms of the color hue of the imaging environment, 43% (15/35) found blue and 31% (11/35) found yellow to be the most relaxing. Conversely, 69% (24/35) found red, 17% (6/35) found yellow, and 11% (4/35) found green to be the least relaxing. Conclusions With the majority of subjects indicating that colored lighting within a clinical imaging environment would contribute to an improved patient experience, we predict that enabling patients to customize environmental factors like lighting and color to individual preferences will improve patient comfort and patient satisfaction. Improved patient comfort in clinical imaging environments may also help to minimize patient-specific imaging artifacts that can otherwise limit diagnostic image quality. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03456895; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03456895
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Kamaruzzaman, Syahrul Nizam, Charles O. Egbu, Norhayati Mahyuddin, Emma Marinie Ahmad Zawawi, Shirley Jin Lin Chua, and Nur Farhana Azmi. "The impact of IEQ on occupants’ satisfaction in Malaysian buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 5 (June 13, 2017): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16689493.
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This paper focuses on the importance of occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality in buildings as well as the effect of indoor environmental quality towards occupants’ satisfaction. This research applied post-occupancy evaluation as a method to indicate the building occupants’ needs, their satisfaction and comfort level. The research is based on a case study approach whereby a questionnaire survey was conducted among 25 organizations involved in managing office buildings. A total of 115 questionnaires were returned for evaluation of occupants’ overall satisfaction from aspects of indoor environmental quality in these buildings and to determine the occupants’ satisfaction level within these buildings. The findings revealed that indoor environment factors that could contribute to occupants’ satisfaction consists of lighting, air quality and aesthetic perception. These classifications were made based on the factor analysis done with 22 attributes of the indoor environment. The majority of occupants are satisfied with their health conditions and do not face any serious health problems. However, occupants highlighted that some environmental conditions, health effects, air movement, ventilation and air freshness are important criteria for their satisfaction and comfort. This study provides insights into how occupants perceive their indoor environment and comfort, and identify problems that could arise in buildings.
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Plörer, Daniel, Sascha Hammes, Martin Hauer, Vincent van Karsbergen, and Rainer Pfluger. "Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133852.
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A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.
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Montiel-Santiago, Francisco Javier, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, and Julio Terrados-Cepeda. "Sustainability and Energy Efficiency: BIM 6D. Study of the BIM Methodology Applied to Hospital Buildings. Value of Interior Lighting and Daylight in Energy Simulation." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145731.
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One of the least used aspects of BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the ability to obtain the energy model of the building using the BIM methodology known as BIM 6D. This digital information model allows simulating the real energy behavior of the building and the improvement in the building’s lighting systems, both natural and artificial, in particular daylighting. In this way, the BIM 6D simulation allows us to make design and operation decisions for the building, not only for new buildings that must be, in accordance with current legislation, NZEB (Nearly Zero-Energy Building) but also for the rehabilitation of existing buildings. Particularly in buildings for sanitary use, BIM 6D allows an exhaustive analysis of the energy impact of said rehabilitation, guiding it towards an improvement in energy and light efficiency, which in turn provides greater quality and comfort in the use of the sustainable building. This subject of study is especially important in public buildings for hospital use. Buildings where energy efficiency and comfort, oriented towards optimal and efficient lighting, are two fundamental criteria highly appreciated by patients and citizens in general. Once the energy model of the building has been obtained, it is possible to study and identify possible alternatives to improve energy efficiency and improve lighting, as well as to analyze the possibilities of incorporating other more efficient forms of renewable energy, such as the use of daylight. In this work we can see how applying a set of simulated improvement actions in BIM 6D achieves an energy saving of 50% in general and up to 13% only by acting on lighting systems, allowing the decarbonization of buildings with high energy consumption, such as hospitals, and in turn, will lead to an improvement in the energy certification of these buildings; thus achieving a better and higher quality of habitability, using more efficient forms of lighting and transforming buildings into more sustainable spaces.
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Kobayashi*, Kent D. "Effect of Photoselective Shadecloth and Plastic Film on Growth of Chrysanthemums under Supplemental Lighting." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 837C—837. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.837c.
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Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. With high cost of growth regulators and concern about their environmental aspects and health of workers, alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. Objective was to determine effect of photoselective shadecloth and plastic film on growth of `Barbara', `Shasta', and `Chesapeake' mums under supplemental lighting. In experiment 1, `Barbara' plants (two and four weeks old) were placed under either wide spectrum fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs (control) or lights covered with photoselective shadecloth. In experiment 2, 3-week-old `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants were placed under lights or lights covered with photoselective plastic film. Effect of shadecloth differed with age of `Barbara' plants. For 1-month-old plants placed under lights, stem diameter, stem dry weight, and root dry weight were reduced under shadecloth compared to control. No differences were observed for plant height, pot height, leaf number, leaf area/plant, and leaf dry weight. For 2-week-old plants, leaf number, leaf area/plant, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight were less under shadecloth than control. No effects on plant height, pot height, stem diameter, and root dry weight were observed. Plastic film reduced plant height and pot height for `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants and reduced stem dry weight and total plant dry weight for `Shasta'. No differences were seen for other growth measurements. This study indicated photoselective shadecloth did not control height of `Barbara' and its effect on growth was influenced by plant age. Photoselective plastic film controlled height of `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' and offers an alternative method for growth control of mum plants.
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Peters, Terri, and Kristen D'Penna. "Biophilic Design for Restorative University Learning Environments: A Critical Review of Literature and Design Recommendations." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2020): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177064.
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The influence of environmental design on people’s wellbeing and productivity has been well studied in some settings such as offices, hospitals, and elementary schools, but salutogenic and biophilic design in urban post-secondary educational environments remains understudied and warrants closer investigation. There are unique challenges faced by these students and implementing health promoting and restorative, environmental design strategies could improve the quality of life and learning outcomes of university students. This paper identifies pertinent themes in published multi-disciplinary literature relating to the influence of the built environment on university students: emotional stress, happiness, stimulation, cognitive function, social support, belonging, places to study, lighting, and ventilation. The results of the semi-structured literature review identifies, analyzes, and categorizes relevant studies that examine nature views, nature images, natural colors, natural materials, auditory and olfactory aspects of nature, nature images with water, indoor plants, campus landscapes, study spaces, local materials and style, daylight access, and thermal and environmental comfort. These are organized according to the biophilic patterns identified by Browning, Ryan, and Clancy. Trends and gaps in understanding the influence of biophilic design on university settings are discussed, and the paper identifies evidence-based design recommendations for incorporating biophilic design in university settings.
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Lee, Eunsil. "Performance Evaluation of LEED-certified Affordable Homes: Case Study of LEED-certified Habitat for Humanity." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n1p120.
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Despite the rapid growth in the number of LEED-certified homes, little data is currently available about the actual effects of LEED-certified affordable homes. The purpose of present study is to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation for LEED-certified Habitat for Humanity residences in terms of (1) energy efficiency, (2) indoor environmental quality, (3) health impact, (4) residential satisfaction, (5) quality of life, and (6) environmental attitudes and behaviors. A case study was conducted with 15 households living in LEED-certified Habitat for Humanity homes in Kent County, Michigan using observation, in-depth interviews, and surveys. Findings revealed overall housing satisfaction was very high although some residents indicated lower satisfaction with their neighborhood. Most of case study homes had 30-50% lower electricity and natural gas bills. Most participants were satisfied with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) including thermal comfort, indoor air quality, amount daylight, quality of artificial lighting, and acoustical condition. Most participants agreed that since moving into their current homes they have experienced improved family relationships, better health conditions, more positive attitudes, and better performance of their children. The major findings of this case study support the positive effects of LEED-certified low-income homes on residents’ behavioral, social, and psychological aspects of well-being.
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Hendra, Hendra, Sekar Tina, and Amah Majidah. "Tingkat Pencahayaan Perpustakaan di Lingkungan Universitas Indonesia." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 7, no. 6 (January 1, 2013): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v7i6.36.
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Pencahayaan di perpustakaan merupakan aspek penting dalam menunjang aktivitas mahasiswa dan pegawai. Kondisi pencahayaan yang tidak memenuhi standar dapat mengganggu aktivitas dan menyebabkan keluhan kesehatan khususnya kelelahan mata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian tingkat pencahayaan di ruang perpustakaan yang ada di lingkungan UI. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain evaluasi dengan membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan standar serta melakukan analisis terhadap kondisi lingkungan, respons subjektif pengguna, dan keluhan kelelahan mata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian pencahayaan di perpustakaan berkisar antara 0% sampai 100%. Sebagian besar pencahayaan mempunyai tingkat kesesuaian antara 30% sampai 60%. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh distribusi pencahayaan yang kurang baik karena banyak lampu yang mati, intensitas yang rendah, tata letak peralatan yang kurang baik, serta warna ruangan yang agak gelap. Di samping itu, terdapat perpustakaan yang mempunyai pencahayaan yang sangat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan silau, mengganggu aktivitas, dan menyebabkan keluhan kelelahan mata. Kelelahan mata yang umum dirasakan oleh mahasiswa dan pegawai adalah mata selalu terasa mengantuk dan tegang pada daerah leher dan bahu. Umumnya keluhan yang dirasakan selama melakukan aktivitas tersebut mengindikasikan tingkat pencahayaan di perpustakaan harus segera dibenahi agar sesuai dengan standar dan memperkecil risiko kelelahan mata.Lighting the library is an important aspect in supporting both students and employees activity. Lighting conditions that do not meet the standard can disrupt activity and cause eye fatigue. This study aimed to determine the suitability level of lighting in library of UI. This study performed evaluation design by comparing results with standard and an analysis of environmental conditions, subjective response, and eye fatigue. Results showed the level of suitability of lighting in the library ranged from 0% to 100%. Most of the illumination has a level of suitability from 30% to 60%. This condition is caused by poor lighting distribution because some lamps are not lit, low intensity, poor layout of equipment, and slightly darker color of the room. Besides, there are libraries that have a very high lighting causing glare, disturbing activity, and cause eye fatigue. Common eye fatigue felt by students and employees is sleepy eyes and pain in the neck and shoulders. Complaints generally felt during activity. This indicates that the level of lighting in the library must be immediately corrected to meet standard and minimize the risk of eye fatigue.
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Schroer, Sibylle, Benedikt John Huggins, Clementine Azam, and Franz Hölker. "Working with Inadequate Tools: Legislative Shortcomings in Protection against Ecological Effects of Artificial Light at Night." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062551.
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The fundamental change in nocturnal landscapes due to the increasing use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is recognized as being detrimental to the environment and raises important regulatory questions as to whether and how it should be regulated based on the manifold risks to the environment. Here, we present the results of an analysis of the current legal obligations on ALAN in context with a systematic review of adverse effects. The legal analysis includes the relevant aspects of European and German environmental law, specifically nature conservation and immission control. The review represents the results of 303 studies indicating significant disturbances of organisms and landscapes. We discuss the conditions for prohibitions by environmental laws and whether protection gaps persist and, hence, whether specific legislation for light pollution is necessary. While protection is predominantly provided for species with special protection status that reveal avoidance behavior of artificially lit landscapes and associated habitat loss, adverse effects on species and landscapes without special protection status are often unaddressed by existing regulations. Legislative shortcomings are caused by difficulties in proving adverse effect on the population level, detecting lighting malpractice, and applying the law to ALAN-related situations. Measures to reduce ALAN-induced environmental impacts are highlighted. We discuss whether an obligation to implement such measures is favorable for environmental protection and how regulations can be implemented.
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Ramulu, Pradeep, Laura Gitlin, and Jennifer Schrack. "FIGS Study Outcomes: Disentangling Relationships Between Vision Loss, the Environment, Physical Activity, and Falls." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2779.
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Abstract The longitudinal relationships between various aspects of mobility (with each other and with vision loss) are important to understand for healthy aging. The Falls in Glaucoma Study (FIGS) was a three-year longitudinal study conducted in persons with a range of visual field damage from glaucoma (from normal visual fields to severe visual field damage) and evaluated several aspects of mobility: physical function (gait and balance), physical activity (annual accelerometer trials), fall rates (prospectively-collected falls calendars), environmental features (an in-home assessment), and fear of falling. In this symposium, we present data demonstrating that: (1) physical activity is altered by visual field damage - lowering the overall amount of physical activity, and also resulting in more fragmented activity (i.e. shorter activity bouts); (2) specific home environmental features, such as better lighting, are associated with lower rates of falls within the home; (3) specific gait and balance features increase the risk of falling, but do not explain the association between visual field damage and a higher rate of falls; (4) injurious falls, but not non-injurious falls, lead to future reductions in physical activity; and (5) worsening of fear of falling (FoF) leads to either a higher rate of falls (at low FoF levels) or decreases in physical activity (at higher FoF levels). Study findings will educate the audience about the types of mobility problems found in persons with visual field damage, potential methods to prevent falls in older adults, and factors likely to predict future mobility deficits in older adults.
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Metobo, Evans. "EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 479–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9648.
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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages.
This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Karatzas, Stylianos K., Athanasios P. Chassiakos, and Anastasios I. Karameros. "Business Processes and Comfort Demand for Energy Flexibility Analysis in Buildings." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 6561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246561.
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Occupant behavior and business processes in a building environment constitute an inseparable set of important factors that drives energy consumption. Existing methodologies for building energy management lag behind in addressing these core parameters by focusing explicitly on the building’s structural components. Additional layers of information regarding indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and occupant behavior patterns, mostly driven by everyday business processes (schedules, loads, and specific business activities related to occupancy patterns and building operations), are necessary for the effective and efficient modeling of building energy performance in order to establish a holistic energy efficiency management framework. The aim of this paper was to develop a context-driven framework in which multiple levels of information regarding occupant behavior patterns resulting from everyday business processes were incorporated for efficient energy management in buildings. A preliminary framework evaluation was performed in a multifaceted university building involving a number of spaces, employees, business processes, and data from sensors and metering devices. The results derived by linking operational aspects and environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and luminance) to occupant behavior underlying business processes and organizational structures indicated the potential energy savings: a max of 7.08% for Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), 19.46% for lighting and a maximum of 6.34% saving related to office appliances.
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Devitofrancesco, Anna, Lorenzo Belussi, Italo Meroni, and Fabio Scamoni. "Development of an Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment Tool for the Rating of Offices in Real Working Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061645.
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The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of indoor spaces in relation to the health and well-being of users. IEQ is a holistic concept considering various components of the overall indoor comfort: thermo-hygrometric, lighting, air quality and acoustics. Each component is described through specific performance indicators and benchmarks. The quality of the built environment is assessed at different stages from design to operational phase. The scientific literature reports several case studies related to the assessment of the individual components of the IEQ Tools aimed at the evaluation of the overall IEQ. The paper proposes an assessment tool based on the SB Method (Sustainable Building Method) and the Multi Criteria Analysis for the evaluation of IEQ during the operational phase of a building. Each component of IEQ is analysed through objective indicators and calculation methods. The tool provides two main outcomes: a global score expressing the overall performance of the building from the IEQ perspective; quantitative evaluations of all indoor comfort components through monitoring and measurement of the environmental variables. The above contributes to select intervention areas to optimize indoor design and to identify technologies aimed at ensuring the best IEQ levels for users at the operational stage. The system was applied to an open-plan working space of an office building. Monitoring activities and measurements are carried out to detect the indoor and outdoor variables affecting the IEQ. All aspects of IEQ were analysed and quantified so to evaluate the overall performance of the building and provide data to improve the working conditions.
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Chiesa, Giacomo, Andrea Acquaviva, Mario Grosso, Lorenzo Bottaccioli, Maurizio Floridia, Edoardo Pristeri, and Edoardo Sanna. "Parametric Optimization of Window-to-Wall Ratio for Passive Buildings Adopting A Scripting Methodology to Dynamic-Energy Simulation." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113078.
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Counterbalancing climate change is one of the biggest challenges for engineers around the world. One of the areas in which optimization techniques can be used to reduce energy needs, and with that the pollution derived from its production, is building design. With this study of a generic office located both in a northern country and in a temperate/Mediterranean site, we want to introduce a coding approach to dynamic energy simulation, able to suggest, from the early-design phases when the main building forms are defined, optimal configurations considering the energy needs for heating, cooling and lighting. Generally, early-design considerations of energy need reduction focus on the winter season only, in line with the current regulations; nevertheless a more holistic approach is needed to include other high consumption voices, e.g., for space cooling and lighting. The main considered design parameter is the WWR (window-to-wall ratio), even if further variables are considered in a set of parallel analyses (level of insulation, orientation, activation of low-cooling strategies including shading devices and ventilative cooling). Finally, the effect of different levels of occupancy was included in the analysis to regress results and compare the WWR with corresponding heating and cooling needs. This approach is adapted to Passivhaus design optimization, working on energy need minimisation acting on envelope design choices. The results demonstrate that it is essential to include, from the early-design configurations, a larger set of variables in order to optimize the expected energy needs on the basis of different aspects (cooling, heating, lighting, design choices). Coding is performed using Python scripting, while dynamic energy simulations are based on EnergyPlus.
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López-Escamilla, Álvaro, Rafael Herrera-Limones, Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez, and Miguel Torres-García. "Environmental Comfort as a Sustainable Strategy for Housing Integration: The AURA 1.0 Prototype for Social Housing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 7734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217734.
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The AURA 1.0 prototype is a sustainable social housing proposal, designed by the University of Seville and built for the first Latin American edition of the prestigious Solar Decathlon competition. Different conditioning strategies were integrated into this prototype, optimized for a tropical climate, and focused on contributing positively to the health of the most humble people in society. In this moment, in which a large part of the world population is confined to their homes due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we have the opportunity (and the obligation) to reconsider the relationship between architecture and medicine or in other words, between the daily human habitat and health. For this reason, this analysis of aspects derived from the interior conditioning of the homes is carried out. The main objective of the Aura proposal is to be able to extract data through a housing monitoring system, which allows us to transfer some design strategies to the society to which is a case study, in order to promote environmental comfort and, therefore, people’s health. The AURA 1.0 prototype develops flexible and adaptable living spaces, with a high environmental quality, in order to maintain the variables of temperature, relative humidity and natural lighting within a range of comfort required by the rules of the event. To achieve this end, the prototype develops an architectural proposal that combines passive and active conditioning strategies, using construction qualities and typical costs of social housing. These strategies allowed the project to achieve the first prize in the Comfort Conditions test. So, this paper presents an appropriate and tested solution that can satisfy comfortability and health of residents who live in social housing while maintaining low energy consumption.
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Tony, Yassmin, Aya ElMeligy, Darin Refaat, and Gehan ElSayed. "Community Center as a Cultural Hub, for Cultural Heritage Conservation." Resourceedings 2, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i2.610.
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Community centers are a type of community development services that promote social relationships and mutual support, develop a sense of self-reliance, social responsibility and community cohesion, as well as empowering individuals and families to solve common social problems. In doing so, community centers enhance, one way or another, the community's quality of life. The successful design of community centers ought to accomplish a set of goals in different aspects ;1- Socially, providing a safe place to practice various activities, 2- Environmentally, ensuring a healthy environment through utilizing natural ventilation, lighting, among other passive techniques, 3-Recreational, offering different kinds of entertainment activities, either indoor or outdoor, such as commercial spaces and sports facilities, 4-Economically, attracting different visitors and promoting tourism, 5- Educational, providing a pleasant environment for educational services for the illiterate and children. The importance of the above-mentioned goals is greatly escalated in urban contexts with diverse social, urban and status, as in the case of " Magra Al " district. A rich historical area that has been severely affected by population growth, deteriorated urban state, plethora of social, economical, and environmental problems. The main aim of the research is to provide an overview of the design criteria of community centers taking into consideration the mutual impacts between the design and the surrounding context, focusing on the significant value of " Magra Al " district as one of Cairo's heritage sites, thus ensuring its sustainability.
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Mitchell, Lynne, Elizabeth Burton, Shibu Raman, Tim Blackman, Mike Jenks, and Katie Williams. "Making the outside World Dementia-Friendly: Design Issues and Considerations." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, no. 4 (August 2003): 605–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b29100.
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Design guidelines for dementia care homes have, in recent years, acknowledged the important role the internal environment plays in influencing the functional capabilities and emotional well-being of people with dementia. However, although the majority of people with dementia live in the community, similar guidance does not exist in relation to the outdoor environment. To identify aspects of design that should be considered in making the outside world dementia-friendly an analysis of the literature on the needs of older people with dementia and on current knowledge of best practice for internal environments was carried out. By drawing parallels with the outside environment this paper demonstrates that design solutions do potentially exist which would enable older people with dementia to continue to negotiate and use their local neighbourhoods. Familiarity, legibility, distinctiveness, accessibility, comfort, and safety all appear to have a major influence. Small street blocks with direct, connected routes and good visual access, varied urban form, and architectural features, and distinctive, unambiguous environmental cues could enhance successful orientation and wayfinding. Services and facilities within walking distance with adequate seating, lighting, shelter, and well-maintained, smooth, level, plain paving would ameliorate attending problems of physical frailty. The authors are now empirically testing these initial findings.
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Aigbavboa, Clinton, and Wellington Didibhuku Thwala. "PERFORMANCE OF A GREEN BUILDING'S INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON BUILDING OCCUPANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.1.131.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important to the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Unsatisfactory IEQ is associated with a number of phenomena, most notably, sick building syndrome (SBS), building-related illnesses (BRIs), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), which have major negative effects on productivity. However, green building investors (owners) are not only concerned about reducing the negative impact of their buildings on the environment, but also about the potentially negative impact green buildings can have on their employees' productivity. This research sets out to address, through a questionnaire survey in South Africa, what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements of a green building and the health implications of a building's IEQ on the building occupants. Data analysis (involving a one-sample t-test) reveals some interesting findings in regard to what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements and the health implications of the IEQ elements of a five-star green rated building in South Africa. Findings from the survey revealed that the occupants of the building were not satisfied with the green building's IEQ, most especially the ineffectiveness of blocking natural and artificial lighting. Also, it was revealed that the IEQ with particular reference to the noise level and ventilation of the space has some serious health implications for the building occupants. The occupants' evaluation revealed that the major health issues from which they suffer include fatigue, headache, common cold, coughing, and influenza, and these affect their productivity and performance. Since building occupants are a rich source of information about IEQ assessment and its effect on productivity, the study can be used to assess the performance of green buildings, identify areas needing improvement, and provide useful feedback to designers and operators about specific aspects of green building design features and operating strategies that need improvement. This study adds to the body of knowledge on green buildings' IEQ performance.
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., and Constantinos A. Bouroussis. "Ecological Impact of Artificial Light at Night: Effective Strategies and Measures to Deal with Protected Species and Habitats." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115991.
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When conserving or protecting rare or endangered species, current general guidelines for reducing light pollution might not suffice to ensure long-term threatened species’ survival. Many protected areas are exposed to artificial light at levels with the potential to induce ecological impacts with unknown implications for the ecosystems they are designated to protect. Consequently, it is recommended that precautionary methods for the avoidance and mitigation of light pollution in protected areas be integrated into their management plans. This paper’s aims are to present an overview of best practices in precautionary methods to avoid and mitigate light pollution in protected areas and to identify and discuss what ecosystems should be considered light-sensitive and how to prioritise species and habitats that need protection from artificial light, including examples of legislation covering ecological light pollution in the European Union and in Sweden. The important aspects to include when considering light pollution at a landscape level are listed, and a proposal for prioritisation among species and habitats is suggested. Sensitive and conservation areas and important habitats for particularly vulnerable species could be prioritised for measures to minimise artificial lighting’s negative effects on biodiversity. This may be done by classifying protected natural environments into different zones and applying more constrained principles to limit lighting. The light pollution sensitivity of various environments and ecosystems suggests that different mitigation strategies and adaptations should be used depending on landscape characteristics, species sensitivity and other factors that may determine whether artificial light may be detrimental. Issues of the currently used measurement methods for artificial light at night are reviewed. We also propose and discuss the principles and benefits of using standardized measurement methods and appropriate instrumentation for field measurements of artificial light concerning the environmental impact of light pollution.