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De, Waal Louise Christina. "Environmental aspects of river management." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247784.
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This work consists of two distinct and separate sections with differing aims and outcomes. Section A is the critical review, which provides a context for the published work presented in Section B. Section A, the critical review, summarises the current literature in the subject area of environmental aspects of river management and sets the research portfolio in context. The physical landscape has been increasingly influenced by a variety of economic and social changes in recent history. During these approximately 6,000 years, human impact on river systems has been substantial and widespread. The environmental changes, that have stressed river systems, have also damaged their value for both human use and environmental functions. Some of these stresses include changes in water quality and quantity, morphological modifications of the channel and/or floodplain, decline of native species and the introduction of alien species. This has led to changes in current river management philosophy, issues and techniques. Section n, the research portfolio of published work submitted as part of this thesis, focuses on the management of some aspects of environmental change within river systems, particularly problems relating to river rehabilitation and the introduction of invasive riparian plant species. Each published paper has its own individual abstract, summarising the key finding of the research. The research portfolio can be divided into three broad sections. The first section, the main published work, includes those papers approved by the University Research Committee as part of the Registration for the degree of PhD by Published Work in May 2000. These papers form the key part of the thesis. They are introduced in the critical review in the blue text boxes, in order of significance to the text discussed and not in chronological order. They are presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below) printed on light blue paper. The next section relates to additional relevant published work. These papers are also submitted as part of this thesis, but are considered to be secondary as a result of their date of publication, i.e. prior to 1995. In order to distinguish these papers clearly from the key papers, they are introduced in the critical review in green text boxes and presented in full in the appendices (numbers as shown below), printed on light green paper. The candidate's approximate contribution and the nature of this contribution to each joint paper have been indicated as a percentage and are shown on the title page of each appendix. The third part is other supporting material and is referred to in the critical review through inclusion of orange-brown text boxes. Since these publications consist mainly of consultancy reports and edited books, they are NOT submitted as part of this thesis and are not presented in full in the appendices. If necessary, this material can be made available to the internal and/or external examiners before or during the viva.
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杜景浩 and King-ho To. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252746.
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To, King-ho. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498769.
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Chow, Wai-yip Stanley, and 周偉業. "Promoting sustainable environmental management in property management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125584X.
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Cheng, Hau-chung, and 鄭孝仲. "Sustainability management in apparel & footwear supply chain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207615.
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Self-regulatory Code of Conduct has widely been adopted by international brands to manage CSR issues in apparel and footwear supply chain for the last 2 decades. Increasingly, more apparel and footwear brands started to expand CSR scope to include environmental management in their supply chain. However, only very few international brands have disclosed their efforts on environmental management in their supply chain. This study aims to find out how apparel and footwear brands implement environmental management in their supply chain. Furthermore, what motivates them to carry out environmental management, and lastly, what challenges the industry encounters in carrying out effective environmental management. Primary and secondary data research were carried out in this study. Primary research, in a form of self-administered survey, was conducted for 11 brands and 15 of their respective suppliers. Secondary research was conducted through desktop research to gather additional information from brands, NGOs, academic studies and news.
The study revealed environmental management in apparel and footwear supply chain is becoming more important. However, most of the brands’ approaches on environmental management are loose (i.e. lack industry-wide sustainably environmental management strategy), and small in scope (i.e. first tier supplier only). It is suggested apparel and footwear brands should improve effectiveness of environmental management program in their supply chain, by applying different implementation strategies internally, with both brands’ and suppliers’ governments, suppliers as well as their stakeholders.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Tomashpolskaya, Julia. "Valuation of environmental aspects composing a system of environmental management and audit (SEMA)." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11904.
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Ng, Wai-man, and 吳威文. "Environmental management through urban planning in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258086.
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Hengnirun, Somgiat. "A computer simulation model for manurial nitrogen management : environmental aspects (MANIMEA)." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40357.
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The MANIMEA $ rm ( underline{MA}nurial underline{NI}trogen underline{M}anagement{:} underline{E}nvironmental underline{A}spects)$ model is a one-dimensional dynamic model that simultaneously simulates nitrogen transformations (volatilization, net mineralization-immobilization, and denitrification), nitrogen transport (runoff and leaching), plant uptake, and adsorption in homogeneous, unsaturated soils. The simulated system is divided into two components: the applied manure layer and the soil. The model describes the transformation processes occurring in both components separately. It is also capable of accounting for both micro and macroporous flows. In addition, the simulation can be done for time steps shorter than 1 day.<br>The model was developed to be interactive and user-friendly and was constructed on a modular basis using Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation$ sp circler$ as a compiler. It can be run on an IBM$ sp circler$ or IBM compatible microcomputer with a minimum requirement of a 386 microprocessor with 4 MB RAM. This model was developed as a nitrogen management-oriented model. However, it can also be used to gain further understanding of nitrogen processes for research and teaching purposes.<br>The accuracy of the stimulation was enhanced by taking into account moisture and temperature variation and distribution in the soil. The SWACROP and the HEAT programs were integrated into the MANIMEA model to generate transient moisture and temperature profiles, respectively. The Numerical Method Of Lines (NMOL) technique, which implements finite difference method, was used to numerically solve the partial differential equations in the model.<br>Generally, the results generated by the MANIMEA model using the parameters from literature agreed with the results obtained by analytical solutions and from experiments. It was found that the model is highly sensitive to the volatilization and net mineralization rate constants $(K sb{v}$ and $K sb{m}).$ The study showed that the MANIMEA model can be implemented to evaluate nitrogen transformations, transport, and plant uptake for a wide range of climatic and soil conditions and organic type of wastes. Such a tool can contribute to the protection of our environment through a better management of organic nitrogen fertilizer and a better understanding of the nitrogen processes.
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李英傑 and Ying-kit Li. "Management of radon in tunnel drilling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255231.
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Malmqvist, Tove. "Methodological aspects of environmental assessment of buildings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9742.
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The built environment contributes extensively to the overall environmental impact of society. An increasing number of tools have been developed worldwide for comprehensive environmental assessment and rating of buildings in order to make the building sector more sustainable. These tools are expected to drive and facilitate future environmental improvements and market transformation in the sector. This thesis explores different methodological aspects in tool development using experiences from two large Swedish projects, the EcoEffect and ByggaBo tools, which were developed with a high level of stakeholder participation in order to be of practical use in the building sector. The methodological aspects explored and discussed here include an approach for systematic selection of assessment aspects (energy use, indoor air quality, etc.) in tools (Paper 3), and a systematic procedure for selecting practical indicators using theoretical (e.g. validity/environmental relevance) and practical (e.g. costs) criteria (Papers 2 and 3). An approach for simple communication of complex results is presented with examples from 26 multi-family buildings (Paper 4). This approach allows a building’s ‘environmental efficiency’ to be presented in one diagram, without weighting the two distinct assessment areas energy use and indoor environmental quality. Paper 5 discusses the contextual issue of internal use of environmental indicators in property management organisations through reviews of environmental performance evaluation and organisation theory literature and comparisons with actual case studies. The EcoEffect (Paper 1) and the ByggaBo tools are also compared and summarised. The case studies of real buildings and experiences from the EcoEffect and ByggaBo projects allowed data collection, calculation procedures and different practical applications of such tools to be evaluated. Poor data availability sometimes limits assessments, and improved internal routines and database developments in the building sector would allow more reliable environmental assessments. Reviews of numerous indicators in Paper 3 (and 2) and literature revealed that environmental relevance was not a key aspect when current environmental performance indicators and building rating tools were constructed. This thesis suggests that environmental relevance and systematic procedures be prioritised in order to provide robust and trustworthy tools for environmental assessment of buildings. Recommendations, some of which are generally applicable to other environmental assessments, include selection of environmentally relevant indicators, systematic procedures for handling theoretical and practical considerations in tool development, aggregation and weighting methods, use of a life cycle perspective and inclusion of performance-based rather than feature-based indicators. Since it is likely that the information these tools provide will increasingly be used by authorities, building users, economic incentive providers such as banks, etc., the methodological developments suggested here to strengthen tool rigour are important for future tool development processes.<br>Utvecklingen av verktyg för miljöbedömning av byggnader är ett område som expanderat kraftigt sedan 1990-talets början. Den ökande medvetenheten om den byggda miljöns omfattande bidrag till samhällets miljöpåverkan i stort har spelat stor roll för denna utveckling. Verktygen förväntas ha en betydelsefull roll i att driva på och underlätta miljöförbättringar och omdaning av marknaden i bygg- och fastighetssektorn. Denna avhandling utforskar olika metodaspekter för verktygsutveckling och bygger på erfarenheterna från två stora svenska metodutvecklingsprojekt för miljöbedömning av byggnader, EcoEffect och ByggaBo:s miljöklassning av byggnader. Båda dessa verktyg togs fram i samarbete med ett stort antal representanter från bygg- och fastighetssektorn, då verktygen syftade till praktisk användning. Ett antal metodaspekter utforskas och diskuteras i avhandlingen. I artikel 3 föreslås och testas ett angreppssätt för systematiskt urval av miljöaspekter som ska bedömas av ett verktyg och dessutom föreslås här och i artikel 2 ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt för att välja indikatorer för praktiskt användning utifrån både teoretiska (t ex. validitet) och praktiska (t ex. kostnad) kriterier. Ett angreppssätt för att underlätta kommunikation av komplexa miljöbedömningsresultat presenteras genom exempel från 26 flerfamiljshus i artikel 4. Detta angreppssätt möjliggör att redovisa en byggnads ‘miljöeffektivitet’ i ett diagram utan att behöva vikta de två disparata miljöaspekterna energianvändning och innemiljö. Artikel 5 tar upp användning av miljöindikatorer för internt arbete i fastighetsförvaltande organisationer genom litteraturöversikter inom områdena utvärdering av miljöprestanda och organisationsteori samt genom jämförelser med praktiska fallstudier. Verktygen EcoEffect (artikel 1) och nuvarande version av ByggaBo:s miljöklassningssystem sammanfattas också och jämförs i avhandlingen. Genom ett antal fallstudier av verkliga byggnader och erfarenheterna från EcoEffect- och ByggaBo-projekten utvärderas frågor som insamling av indata, beräkningsmetoder och olika praktiska tillämpningar i avhandlingen. Dålig tillgång på indata begränsar ibland möjligheterna att göra miljöbedömningar. Förbättrade interna rutiner samt utveckling av nya typer av databaser inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn kommer med största sannolikhet att underlätta miljöbedömningar i framtiden. Granskning av ett stort antal miljöindikatorer i artikel 3 (och 2) och litteratur på området visade att när miljöindikatorer och miljöklassningsmetoder tagits fram, har miljörelevansen hos dessa sällan haft högsta prioritet. Ett övergripande mål för denna avhandling har därför varit att bidra med rekommendationer som kan stärka miljörelevansen och trovärdigheten hos liknande indikatorer och verktyg. Några av de angreppssätt som föreslås är tillämpliga mer generellt också för andra typer av miljöbedömningar; t ex. hur miljörelevanta miljöindikatorer kan väljas, hur både teoretiska och praktiska överväganden kan hanteras på ett systematiskt sätt vid liknande verktygsutveckling, angreppssätt för viktning och aggregering av resultat samt användning av ett livscykelperspektiv. Vid miljöbedömning av byggnader bör också funktionsbaserade indikatorer i första hand väljas snarare än sådana som baseras på specifika tekniska utföranden. En trolig utveckling är att nya typer av användare i större utsträckning kommer att efterfråga den information som miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader kan tillhandahålla. Det kan handla om t ex. myndigheter, husköpare och ekonomiska incitamentsgivare såsom banker. Av denna anledning är de frågor som rör metodutveckling och tas upp i avhandlingen, klart betydelsefulla för att stärka noggrannhet, robusthet och trovärdighet i framtida utveckling av miljöbedömningsverktyg för byggnader.<br>QC 20100601<br>Miljöklassning av byggnader<br>EcoEffect - miljövärdering av byggnader<br>Miljöstyrning med miljöindikatorer i fastighetsförvaltning
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Tsang, Jennifer Arr, and 曾昭雅. "Dioxin contamination in soil: remediation technology and environmental management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255644.
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Lau, Hoi-yin Melody, and 劉凱賢. "Environmental impacts and management of persistent organic pollutants in South China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43783867.
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Kwong, Hui-lok Anthony, and 鄺栩樂. "Integrated environmental management in the hotel industry in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013093.
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Wilgenbusch, Brian. "Developing an information management system for an environmental and economic monitoring system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17331.
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Da, Fonseca Carlos Manuel. "Implementing an environmental management system in an automative component manufacturing firm." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1112.
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Environmental issues seem to be one of the most important topics in the globalised world. Organisations of all sizes are subject to pressure from suppliers, customers and governments to be more environmentally responsible. This research focuses on implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in the automotive industry, both internationally and in South Africa, and examines the background and concepts of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), as well as the key implementation phases associated with the implementation of an EMS, in accordance with ISO 14001. The problem statement of this research is to determine if it is possible to transfer, apply and sustain environmental concepts to small, medium or large organisations. The primary objectives of this research, therefore, were to determine: does implementation of an EMS provide economic benefits to organisations; what drives an organisation to first implement an EMS; does implementation of an EMS improve environmental awareness and performance; and what implementation barriers are faced by small, medium and large organisations. To achieve these objectives, a literary review and an empirical survey were conducted. The survey consisted of an electronic, self-administered questionnaire that was circulated to respondents at various automotive organisations. Data collected from completed, returned questionnaires were analysed and graphically presented to complete the research and achieve the primary research objectives toward solving the afore-mentioned problem statement. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that there is much to gain from implementing an EMS.
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Biehl, Markus. "The value of clean manufacturing strategies for manufacturing management under the influence of environmental policy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30330.
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Sze, Wai-mun, and 施惠敏. "Does the enhancement of employee environmental awareness help improve a company's environmental performance ?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013238.
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Li, Chung-yin Priscilla, and 李頌妍. "Environmental management standards and certification for property management: do they add value?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008553.
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Ip, Mei-fong Phyllis, and 葉美芳. "Environmental management options for pulverised fuel ash (PFA)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252849.
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Mak, Ka-cheong, and 麥家昌. "Electronic waste: an evaluation on its environmental impacts and management practices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543366.
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Every day a vast number of electrical and electronic equipments (EEE) end up as waste (e-waste); some of them would be scrapped, others were just obsolete. Without adequate infrastructure to manage e-waste, developing countries are suffering severe environmental impacts induced from e-waste which is either internally generated or imported illegally and facing huge challenges in managing it properly. This study aims at evaluating environmental impacts at prominent primitive e-waste recycling domains in China and proposing integrated approaches to its e-waste management.
To explore the severity of environmental impacts due to primitive e-waste recycling, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were selected to be the contamination indicator in this study because of their high deployment in EEE as flame-retardants and high toxicity. The levels and distributions of PBDEs in air, soil, sediment, biota and human from the two most prominent informal e-waste processing domains in China, Guiyu and Taizhou, were evaluated and all resulted in several orders of magnitude higher than those international comparison values, suggesting a causal relationship between the release of PBDEs during e-waste recycling and the determined concentrations in environmental components, biota and humans.
The findings clearly indicate an urgent need for better monitoring and control of the informal recycling sector in China. However, the distinct situations in China pose challenges in managing e-waste: (i) profitability of informal e-waste recycling; (ii) environmental undesirability of trial take-back scheme; (iii) lax governance and law enforcement; and (vi) problems of orphan waste and free riders. To address these challenges and effectively manage e-waste in China, a three-pronged practicable approach, consisting of global initiatives, regional initiatives, and voluntary private initiatives, is proposed.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Morys, Thomas. "Company valuation and environmental value." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/15046.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The natural environment has gained intensified importance in recent years (Stern, 2007) as the
depletion of free natural resources and creation of non-intentional by-products speeds up.
Especially air quality-related issues such as carbon dioxide emissions caused by non-intentional
by-products from fuel combustion intensify the pressure on nature and thereby on
human beings. Global commitments to greenhouse reduction by different nations, manifested
in the Kyoto Protocol, increase the pressure on the economic environment as they force
nations and in particular companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to the agreed
levels. This means that companies unable to meet the emission targets are forced to acquire
additional emission rights. This has an impact on the value of a company. The lower the
emissions, the more emission rights can be sold on the carbon markets. Furthermore, the less
natural environmental risk a company is exposed to, the higher its value. In general, the risk
reductions result from creating benefits for the natural environment.
This research project shows how the natural environment impacts on the value of a company.
It considers the green value, described as the overall tradable benefit from the reduction of
non-intentional by-products, of a small liquid-petroleum-gas (LPG)-converting company. It is
assumed that emission benefits created through the reduction of relevant marketable byproducts
will lead to emission credit notes, equal to emission rights, offered to companies at
the carbon spot market. This enables the companies participating on the carbon market to buy
additional emission rights.
This non-empirical report focuses on a study of the theory. Topics such as the global natural
environment, awareness of natural environment and willingness to pay for higher quality of
the natural environment, traditional valuation, and environmental accounting give an
understanding of the subject. In addition, personnel communication was used to discuss
relevant market expectations and prospects.
The outcome is a valuation approach to determine the potential value of companies. The
intention is to show that the value goes beyond a purely financial approach. From the
valuation procedure performed one can easily see that the value of a company is strongly
influenced by the green value component derived from valued environmental benefits.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die natuurlike omgewing het in die afgelope paar jaar toenemend belangrik geword (Stem,
2007) namate die uitputting van gratis natuurlike hulpbronne en die skep van toevallige
neweprodukte toeneem. Veral kwessies wat met die gehalte van lug verband hou, soos
koolsuurgasvrystellings wat deur toevallige neweprodukte van brandstofverbranding
veroorsaak word, verhoog die druk op die natuur en dus ook op die mens. 'n Wereldwye
verbintenis tot die vermindering van die kweekhuis-effek deur verskillende lande, wat in die
Kyoto Protokol inslag vind, verhoog die druk op die ekonomiese omgewing, aangesien dit
lande, en spesifiek maatskappye, dwing om hulle kweekhuis-gasvrystellings tot by die
ooreengekome vlakke te verminder. Dit beteken dat maatskappye wat nie die
vrystellingsteikens kan haal nie, gedwing word om bykomende vrystellingsregte te bekom.
Dit het 'n impak op die waarde van 'n maatskappy. Hoe laer die vrystellings, hoe meer
vrystellingsregte kan op die koolstofmarkte verkoop word. 'n Maatskappy se waarde verhoog
indien die risiko rakende die natuurlike omgewing verlaag word. Oor die algemeen is hierdie
risikoverminderings die resultaat van die skep van voordele vir die natuurlike omgewing.
Hierdie navorsingsprojek toon aan wat die natuurlike omgewing se impak op die waarde van
'n maatskappy is. Dit ondersoek die groen waarde, wat beskryf word as die algehele
verhandelbare voordeel uit die vermindering van toevallige neweprodukte, van 'n klein
vloeibarepetroleumgas-maatskappy. Die aanname word gemaak dat vrystellingvoordele wat
geskep word deur die vermindering van toepaslike verkoopbare neweprodukte daartoe sal lei
dat vrystellingskredietnotas, wat gelykstaande aan vrystellingsregte is, aan maatskappye by
die koolstoflokomark aangebied sal word. Dit stel die maatskappye wat op die koolstofmark
handel dryf in staat om bykomende vrystellingsregte te koop.
Hierdie nie-empiriese verslag fokus op 'n studie van die teorie. Onderwerpe soos die globale
natuurlike omgewing, bewustheid van die natuurlike omgewing en 'n gewilligheid om te
betaal vir 'n natuurlike omgewing van 'n hoer gehalte, en omgewingsrekeningkunde dra by
tot 'n beter begrip van die onderwerp. Verder is persoonlike kommunikasie gebruik om
toepaslike markverwagtinge en -vooruitsigte te bespreek.
Die uitkoms is 'n waardasiebenadering om die potensiele waarde van maatskappye te bepaal.
Die doel is om aan te toon dat die waarde verder as 'n suiwer finansie1e benadering strek. Uit
die waardasieprosedure wat uitgevoer is, kan maklik gesien word dat die waarde van 'n
maatskappy sterk beinvloed word deur die groenwaarde-komponent wat deur gewaardeerde
omgewingsvoordele bepaal word.
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Chan, Wing-man Polly, and 陳詠文. "Aspects of air quality management for particulate matter." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013354.
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Coulter, Stewart. "Reducing environmental impact through systematic product evolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17932.
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Choi, King-wah David, and 蔡景華. "Environmental management of mariculture in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29740137.
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Siddiqi, Khalid Mukhtar. "Framework for analyzing construction alternatives with respect to environmental laws." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19592.
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Bigazzi, Alexander York. "Traffic Congestion Mitigation as an Emissions Reduction Strategy." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/131.
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Policy-makers, transportation researchers, and activists often assume that traffic congestion mitigation results in reduced vehicle emissions without proper justification or quantification of the benefits. If congestion mitigation is going to be tied to air quality goals, a better understanding of the impacts of traffic congestion on motor vehicle emissions is needed. This research addresses that need by investigating under which circumstances the commonly held assumption linking congestion mitigation to emissions reductions is valid. We develop and apply a mathematical framework to study the trade-offs between vehicle efficiency and travel demand that accompany travel speed changes. While the exact relationships among emissions, travel speed, and travel demand vary with location and pollutant, several consistent results arise. The potential for marginal emissions rate reductions through average travel speed adjustments is small for speeds between about 25 and 70 mph. Emissions rate sensitivity to speed increases with the fraction of heavy-duty vehicles and for certain pollutants (gaseous hydrocarbons and particulate matter), and decreases with the fraction of advanced-drivetrain vehicles, such as electric and gas-electric hybrid vehicles. But travel volume is also a key consideration for the total emissions impacts of congestion and congestion mitigation. While travel speed increases are generally expected to increase efficiency, they are also expected to increase vehicle travel volume as a result of induced demand. To explore efficiency and volume trade-offs we look at emissions break-even conditions for average speed and travel demand elasticity. Depending on the pollutant and the vehicle fleet, total emissions are only expected to decrease with increasing travel speed for initial conditions of both low demand elasticity and low average speed. Thus, higher levels of congestion do not necessarily increase emissions, nor will congestion mitigation inevitably reduce emissions. This result includes projects that seek to increase vehicle throughput from existing roadway supply through better traffic management and operations. Congestion mitigation through reduced vehicle volumes, on the other hand, presents the opportunity for additive emissions benefits through efficiency improvements and total Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) reductions. Comparing capacity-based congestion mitigation strategies with alternative emissions reduction strategies we show that where emissions reductions are possible through speed increases, the emissions benefits are likely to be more easily and cost-effectively attained by other strategies. A sketch analysis of vehicle-class segregated facilities shows that truck-only lane strategies consistently out-perform general-purpose/mixed-flow lane strategies in terms of emissions reductions. An analysis of several congestion-related performance measures shows that for reflecting emissions impacts, VMT is an essential component of performance. Thus, alternative congestion metrics such as total/excess travel distance and travel time are preferable emissions performance indicators to speed or distance-normalized delay. The Travel Time Index, in particular, poorly reflects emissions changes on congested roadways. This thesis offers several original contributions to the body of knowledge regarding congestion and emissions. First, it describes a parsimonious conceptual framework for assessing the effect of congestion on emissions. Then from that framework, several simple and original equations are presented which can be used for sketch-level planning to estimate emissions impacts from congestion mitigation. Finally, application of the framework provides quantitative support for the decoupling of congestion and emissions mitigations.
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Lee, Man-ho, and 李文豪. "Greening the built environment: the impact ofgovernment environmental policy on the property management sector inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969410.
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Ho, Bo-wan, and 何寶雲. "Environmental protection and management through urban planning in old urban areas of Hong Kong: a case study ofCentral and Western." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893557.
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Prescott, Graham William. "Effects of land-use, landscape configuration, and management practice on biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709023.
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Yee, Lai-wan, and 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.
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Basak, Rishi. "Environmental management systems and the intra-firm risk relationship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0034/MQ64316.pdf.
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Love, David. "Mine water geochemistry and management : two case studies and a new treatment method." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51829.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mine water, that is all forms of water associated with and affected by mining operations is probably the
largest area of concern in the environmental geology of mining.
This study looks at the inter-relationship between mine water geochemistry and mine water management.
The objectives of this study are:
1. To examine major geochemical processes influencing mine water;
2. To apply new national water and environmental legislation to the mining industry and discover how
mine water management will be regulated;
3. To examine the approach of Integrated Catchment Management, and discover how this approach can
be applied to the mining industry;
4. To conduct two case studies, where environmental geochemistry, general geochemistry and
multivariate analyses are used as tools to investigate groundwater contamination problems in mining
areas, and therefore suggest mine water management interventions; and
5. To, considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, develop a newly-patented
chemical treatment method for possible application in the mining industry.
The changing legal framework - principally the implementation of the National Water Act (Act No 36 of
1998) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act No 107 of 1998) - is leading to the
responsibilities of a mine becoming substantially clearer, and responsibilities which in the past could have
been ignored until public outcry will now be difficult to escape.
Two case studies are investigated. In both cases, general geochemistry and hydrogeochemistry, coupled
with factor analysis are used to determine the major signatures in groundwater chemistry and the major
sources of contamination. On the basis of this, management interventions are suggested.
In the first case study, Sishen Iron Ore Mine of the Northern Cape, three signatures are identified in the
groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature, and a contamination signature from the mine and one
from agriculture. The extent of nitrate and diesel contamination is shown to be related to agriculture, the
use of explosives and to mine workshops and depots. Surface water controls may help reduce these
problems.
In the second case study, West Driefontein Gold Mine of the Far West Rand, two signatures are identified
in the groundwater: a clean dolomitic water signature and a signature relating to contamination from the
mine. Cluster analysis is used to suggest three groundwater zones, the chemistry of one being fairly
clean dolomitic aquifer, the chemistry of the second affected by the mine and the chemistry of the third
affected by granites. Contamination is shown to be related to mining operations, especially the slimes dams, and agriculture. Rehabilitation of dams and dumps, as well as surface water controls may help
reduce these problems.
Considering mine water problems discovered in the case studies, a newly-patented chemical treatment
method is examined and tested for possible application in the mining industry. It is shown to be extremely
effective for the removal of calcium from water, but less effective for the removal of iron and manganese.
More broadly, this study shows the inter-dependence between mine water geochemistry and mine water
management, and the need to be multi-disciplinary in approach.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mynwater, dit is aile soorte water wat geaffekteer en geassosieer word met mynbou bedrywighede, is
moontlik die grootste rede tot kommer in omgewingsgeologie van mynbou.
Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die verhouding tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater bestuur.
Die doelwitte van die studie is soos volg:
1. Om die hoof geochemiese prosesse te ondersoek wat mynwater beinvloed:
2. Om die nuwe nasionale water- en omgewingswette toe te pas op die mynboubedryf en te ondersoek
hoe die bestuur van mynwater gereguleer sal word;
3. Om die benadering van Gerntegreerde Opvangs Bestuur ("Integrated Catchment Managemement")
te ondersoek, en te ondersoek hoe hierdie benadering op die mynbou industrie toegepas kan word'
4. Om twee gevallestudies te doen, waar omgewingsgeochemie, algemene geochemie en multivariant
analise gebruik word as middels om grondwater besoedeling in mynbougebiede te ondersoek, en
daarvolgens om mynwater bestuurswysigings voor te stel; en
5. Om, nemende in ag die mynwater probleme wat ontdek is in die gevallestudies, 'n nuutgepatenteerde
chemiese behandelingsmetode, vir moontlike toepassing in die mynbou industrie, te ontwikkel.
Die veranderende regtelike raamwerk - hoofsaaklik die implementering van die Nasionale Waterwet (Wet
No. 36 van 1998) en die Nasionale Omgewingsbestuur Wet (Wet No.1 07 van 1998) - lei daartoe dat 'n
myn verantwoordelik moet wees om opmerklik skoner te word, verantwoordelikhede wat in die verlede
maklik gergnoreer kon word maar wat nou te moeilik is om te ignoreer as gevolg van publieke uitroepe.
Twee gevalle is ondersoek. In be ide studies word algemene geochemie en hidrogechemie, saam met
faktoranalise, gebruik om die hoof kenmerke te bepaal in grondwaterchemie en die hoof bronne van
besoedeling. Deur dit as basis te gebruik word bestuurswysigings voorgestel.
In die eerste gevallestudie, Sishen Ystererts Myn in die Noordkaap, is drie kenmerkende samestellings
qeidentitiseer in die grondwater: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling, en een elk van 'n myn en landbou
gekontamineerde samestelling. Die omvang van nitraat en diesel kontaminasie word aangedui as
geassosieerd met landbou, die gebruik van plofstowwe, mynwerkswinkels en depots. Oppervlak
waterbeheer mag help om hierdie probleme te beheer.
In die tweede gevallestudie, Wes Driefontein Goudmyn in die Ver Wesrand, is twee kenmerkende
samestellings in die grondwater gerdentifiseer: 'n skoon dolomitiese samestelling en 'n samestelling
geassosieer met kontaminasie van die myn. "Cluster" analise is gebruik om drie grondwatersones te
identifiseer, die eerste een se chemie stem redelik ooreen met 'n skoon akwifer, die tweede een se
chemie is bernvloed deur die myn en die derde se chernie is deur granite bemvloed. Kontaminasie word aangedui as geassosieer met mynboubedrywighede, veral die slikdamme, en landbou. Rehabilitasie van
damme en afvalhope, asook oppervlak waterbeheer mag help om die probleem te verminder.
Deur die mynwater probleme wat in die gevallestudies ontdek is in ag te neem, word 'n
nuutgepatenteerde chemiese behandeling ondersoek en getoets vir moontlike toepassing in die
mynboubedryf. Dit word aangewys as uiters effektief vir die verwydering van kalsium, maar minder
effektief in die verwydering van yster en mangaan.
In die algemeen, wys hierdie studie inter-afhanklikheid tussen mynwater geochemie en mynwater
bestuur, en 'n behoefte aan 'n rnultidissiplinere benadering.
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Rowe, Anna Lee. "Greening corporate dragon's environmental management and reporting in Shanghai." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/26145.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 2006.<br>Bibliography: p. 240-276.<br>Introduction -- "Greening" phenomena of corporate environmental management and reporting -- China's environmental management and reporting -- Research theoretical methodology -- "Evolutionary epic" of China's environmental management institutions -- Findings and conceptualisation of CEM and CER -- Further discussion and implications -- Conclusion.<br>What was once the preserve of a 'green' social organisational fringe, Corporate Environmental Management (CEM) and Corporate Environmental Reporting (CER), have increasingly become a core business strategy. Research studies in this arena have been centred on industrialised nations (e.g., Guthrie and Parker, 1990), and until recently, comparatively sparse focus on developing nations (Belal, 2000), particularly in empirical studies on CER in the People's Republic of China (PRC). -- As the most populous nation on earth with one fifth of humanity (1.3 billions), China's astounding economic growth and resource consumption (Economist, 2005), provide 'telescoping' lessons in understanding the embracing of CEM and CER in rapidly developing countries. Motivated by China's unique institutional structure and embryonic stage of environmentalism (Luo and Yuwen, 2001; Chan and Welford, 2005), this field study explored the 'greening' phenomena of CEM and CER as perceived by senior managers in Shanghai. -- Utilising a modified grounded research approach (Strauss and Corbin, 1990; 1994; Whiteley, 2004), the constructivist ontology was chosen to penetrate the social context of the companies interviewed. Grounded in the data and applying interpretive epistemology, this qualitative research elucidated our awareness about the normative assumptions underpinning CEM and CER in Shanghai. The emergent model illuminated our understanding of how Chinese institutions and senior individuals within enterprises responded to the greening challenges, and how senior managers matched their personal beliefs with perceived CEM and CER. -- The results in this study indicated that CEM and CER were influenced and/or constrained by formal institutional rules (e.g., environmental policies and laws) and informal cultural institutional norms (e.g., Guanxi, trust and secrecy). The findings resonate well with institutional theoretical constraints (Powell and DiMaggio, 1991; Fogarty, 1992a) and cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1962). This is attributable to the dilemma of balancing the 'yin and yang' of long term environmental sustainability and short term economic growth.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>viii, 289 p. ill
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Robb, Christopher. "An approach for systematically developing environmental assessment information for small-to medium enterprises." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18902.
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Anderson, Kelley Christine. "Investigating aspects of diversity, equity, and inclusion, adaptive management, and evaluation in environmental education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103472.
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This dissertation investigates aspects of diversity, equity, and inclusion, adaptive management, and evaluation in environmental education (EE), and is composed of and introduction, three stand-alone manuscripts (Chapters 2-4), and a conclusion. The introduction gives a brief overview of EE and explains why the topics of study included in this dissertation are important to address. In Chapter 2, we used pre-experience student surveys to understand how preparation, adult support, and students' racial identities influence student attendance to a residential environmental education program. Chapter 3 identifies areas and approaches for improving evaluation processes in EE and practitioner satisfaction with those processes. We collected these data using an online survey promoted on social media and emailed to EE practitioners involved in the North American Association for Environmental Education and the Association of Nature Center Administrators. Chapter 4 outlines a culturally responsive evaluation framework for use in EE. The results of these studies show there is far more to be done in the field of EE to create a welcoming and inclusive space for all audiences, to promote the use of evaluation as a tool for continuous learning and improvement, and to ensure evaluations are valid for and reflective of the culture of program participants. The conclusion discusses the two prevalent themes embedded in these manuscripts, namely diversity, equity and inclusion, and evaluation in EE, and ends with a reflection on my time here as a Ph.D. student and where I see my career path heading. This dissertation is meant to provide ideas and suggestions to environmental education practitioners that they can implement in hopes of improving EE and evaluation to meet the needs of all audiences and to address global environmental challenges.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>To work collaboratively and find solutions to the sustainability challenges and social justice issues we face as a society requires new generations to obtain a wide range of knowledge, skills, and motivations. Environmental education (EE) has been shown to equip students with these necessary skills, including increasing knowledge and awareness about environmental issues, enhancing or changing attitudes as they relate to the environment, promoting environmentally responsible behaviors, and building critical thinking, leadership, and collaboration skills. There is a growing recognition that the field of EE must continually adjust and improve its programming to meet the needs of all audiences and to remain relevant for our ever-changing world. The foundations of EE stem from White, Eurocentric values and world views, which can perpetuate inequities in program attendance, participation, and impact between Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and White people. The research included in this dissertation investigates aspects of diversity, equity, and inclusion, adaptive management, and evaluation in EE. Results show there is far more to be done in the field of EE to create a welcoming and inclusive space for all audiences, to promote the use of evaluation as a tool for continuous learning and improvement, and to ensure evaluations are valid for and reflective of the culture of program participants. The conclusion of this dissertation discusses two prevalent themes embedded in these manuscripts, namely diversity, equity and inclusion, and evaluation in EE, and ends with a reflection on my time here as a Ph.D. student and where I see my career path heading. This dissertation is meant to provide ideas and suggestions to environmental education practitioners that they can implement in hopes of improving EE and evaluation to meet the needs of all audiences and to address global environmental and social challenges.
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Hui, Pak-kai, and 許柏佳. "Waste management in aviation industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254226.
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Lillah, Riyaadh. "Environmental management systems in South African small and medium-sized businesses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2909.
Full textAbstract:
Businesses have been criticised for their contribution towards the ever-increasing rate of destruction of the natural environment. Although businesses have responded by adapting their management practices, production processes and products, they still face a number of challenges in reducing their environmental impact. One way in which businesses have responded to the environmental crisis is by implementing environmental management systems. Despite the importance of environmental management implementation, researchers have neglected to identify the antecedents that could lead to environmental management system implementation in South African small and medium-sized businesses. Indeed, much of the research on environmental management has concentrated on large business in Europe or the United States. The limited research that has been conducted on environmental management in small and medium-sized businesses has been descriptive in nature, and fails to produce results that are generalisable and that advance the understanding on this topic. Given this situation, the objective of this study was to develop and empirically test a theoretical model to explain the implementation of environmental management systems in small and medium-sized businesses. A quantitative survey methodology was adopted in this study to test the proposed theoretical model empirically. In total, 417 small and medium-sized businesses participated in the survey; 326 of these were not implementing an environmental management system, and 91 were implementing such a system. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the sample data. The findings of this analysis suggest that the respondents had a favourable attitude toward environmental management systems; they were aware of environmental issues; they perceived themselves and their businesses as able to deal with the barriers to environmental management system implementation; they felt personally obligated to reduce their business‟ environmental impact; and they perceived actions aimed at reducing their businesses‟ environmental impact as socially desirable. To test the hypothesised relationships in the theoretical model, correlation and multiple regression analyses were used. The hypotheses dealing with the relationship between the environmental antecedents and the owner-manager‟s intention to implement an environmental management system, and the actual implementation of an environmental management system, were supported in this study. Thus, the environmental antecedents were found to be positively related to the small and medium-sized business owners‟ intention to implement an environmental management system; to their formal and informal implementation of an environmental management system; and to their practices related to waste management and legal compliance. Empirical evidence to support the hypothesised effect of resource constraints as a moderating variable was found in this study. In terms of environmental values, support was found for the moderating effect of egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values. In terms of the biographical characteristics of the business owners, significant moderating effects were found for gender and age, but not for education. Gender influenced the relationships between the environmental antecedents, attitude towards an environmental management system and personal pro-environmental norms, and the intention to implement an environmental management system. Age moderated the relationship between subjective pro-environmental norms, waste management, and legal compliance. Given the empirical evidence provided in this study, it is recommended that greater awareness of environmental issues be fostered among small and medium-sized business owners as well as the individuals who influence their decision-making. There is also a need to reinforce the positive business outcomes of environmental management system implementation, as well as the personal and social obligations to protect the natural environment among small and medium-sized business owners.
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Low, Ming Kaan. "Design and financial aspects of the end-of-life management of telecommunications products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362670.
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Muir, Michael Christopher. "Lifecycle Assessment for Strategic Product Design and Management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19878.
Full textAbstract:
With the advent of digital imaging technology, the options available to consumers in consumer imaging have increased tremendously. From image capture through image processing and output, many options have emerged; however, the relative environmental impacts of these different options are not clear cut. Simplistically, one might say that the use of a digital camera has a lesser environmental burden than the use of a reloadable film camera because the image produced as a result of using the digital camera avoids chemicals in film developing. However, digital cameras require electronics and computers that need energy; and, energy production is one of the contributors to greenhouse gasses like CO2. Assessment of the environmental impacts of these different options can help provide feedback to decision makers and insights that will help reduce environmental impact through product system design.
One tool that has been used to relate environmental impacts with functions provide to consumers through products or services is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA, which has been standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in ISO14000, is used here to evaluate both traditional film and digital imaging systems. Data from publicly available databases and both external and internal Eastman Kodak Company studies were utilized to develop LCA modules for the different processes involved. Product and service business models are explored for both technologies through ten different imaging and output scenarios. The functional unit used is the capture, processing and output of one 4 x6 image. Four impact categories (energy use, greenhouse emission, water use and waste generation) across four life cycle phases (upstream, distribution, use, and end of life) are explored for the ten scenarios.
LCA is also evaluated as a tool to help facilitate strategic level environmental performance issues with both new and established business activities. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the impact of assumptions made in the course of the assessment and comments are made regarding the effectiveness of LCA for strategic assessment and product service strategies in lowering environmental impact.
Results indicate that the lowest impact scenarios are Digital Capture to LCD Display for Greenhouse Emissions and Energy Use and Film Capture to Wholesale Print for Water Use and Waste Generation. Highest impacts were seen for Greenhouse Emissions in the Film Capture to Retail Print scenario. In the Energy Use and Water Use category, the Digital Capture to CRT Computer Display was the highest scenario. For Waste Generation, the Digital Capture to Inkjet Print was the highest impact scenario.
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陳冠良 and Koon-leung Jeffrey Chan. "Environmental and management considerations in the design and operation of water supply facilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252771.
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Liu, Yang. "Exploring the interrelationship between supply network configuration, capabilities and green supply chain management strategies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708635.
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Law, Kim-ming, and 羅劍鳴. "Implementation of environmental management system in construction industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254627.
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Al-Halawani, Al-Tamimi Hatem. "Energy management in the Jordanian cement industry." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2588.
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Energy is essential to economic prosperity and quality of life. However it can have detrimental effects on the environment if not used properly. Moreover, if energy resources are scarce in a given country, then its use will impose economic and financial burdens on the national economy. The cement industry is energy-intensive, which adds a micro dimension to the macro issues mentioned above. Reducing energy consumption without due consideration to production requirements is not an optimal situation. What is needed is to arrive at a situation whereby energy is used rationally. The concept of rational use of energy has two embedded principles. The first is increased energy-use efficiency and the second is environmental protection. Jordan Cement Factories (JCF), located in a developing country where energy resources are not indigenously available and, therefore, costly energy requirements are imported, have realised the importance of addressing the energy management and conservation issues. This thesis describes the efforts initiated and conducted by the author, to address the research problem of improving energy usage through the application of effective management techniques aimed at reducing energy consumption per unit of cement produced. This present research has been concerned with energy management and efficient use of energy. The Jordan Cement Factories were used as a vehicle to demonstrate the proposed research methodology that aimed at improving energy consumption and thus operational efficiency. The methodology is based on establishing statistically significant relationships between interacting problem factors, and assessing the economic impact of improving these factors. Economic evaluation entailed the development of economic models and an application methodology combined with illustrative case studies. Consequently, the problem of energy management has been presented in a wider perspective that addressed the whole management system at the organisation. Towards that end, it was first necessary to show the significance of energy cost with respect to the overall manufacturing costs. The analysis of production costs, which demonstrated the significance of energy costs, was followed by the investigation and examination of the basic management factors that have direct impact on energy consumption at the JCF. Among these factors are, for instance, production line availability, production rate, average number of stoppages, and average duration of stoppages. These factors were determined using preliminary data analysis and the experience and technical knowledge of the researcher. The statistical analysis proved the existence of strong relationships between energy consumption and management factors. Several models were developed for a set of selected production lines, in the JFC at Fuhais and Rashadiya plants. These statistical models were generated using actual data for electrical energy and fuel consumption. The derived models have demonstrated the existence of strong relationships between energy consumption and management control factors; for instance, the values of R2 range from 60% to 90%. This implies that an equivalent percentage of the variations in energy consumption can be attributed to the selected management factors. The economic model developed in this research is concerned with demonstrating that effective management practices associated with proper maintenance and housekeeping can result in highly significant savings in energy usage. Although a simplistic methodology was used to evaluate the economic impact of any improvement programme, the economic treatment showed that the cost of improvement is actually negligible compared to the realisable savings in energy usage. The research has dealt with the details of developing a coherent energy management model whose objective is to establish transformational management processes of certain high-level management factors into daily operations and controls. The high-level management .factors are the same factors used as independent variables in the statistical and economic models, which statistically proved to be the major factors affecting the energy consumption at JCF. The research has also presented a detailed analysis of the organisational and procedural aspects of energy management with concentration on management functions, especially planning, controlling, executing, organising, and auditing. A detailed mapping and analysis of these functions as the main components of an Energy Management System (EMS) resulted in establishing job descriptions, organisational charts, work instructions and procedures for all-important functions of the EMS. The type of work described in this thesis could be extrapolated for application in other industries, particularly energy-intensive ones, to arrive at the objective of rational use of energy at the national and international levels. Comprehensive studies would need to be carried out for each type of industry prior to implementation. The cost benefit analysis presented in this research proved, beyond any doubt, the importance of implementing the EMS in JCF. As a result of this implementation it is demonstrated that huge annual savings were realised. Finally, as a result of improving energy control factors, introducing energy conservation measures and employing management techniques at JCF to guarantee the effectiveness of all such activities, resulted in an annual savings amount to about USS 3.5 million. Therefore, if the same or similar actions are undertaken by all cement, or other highly energy intensive industries then the savings could reach billions of dollars.
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Konik, Inge. "A foucaultian critique of the conception of individual subjectivity within contemporary environmental discourse." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016201.
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Certain prominent environmental theorists have accounted for and/or addressed our unmitigated environmentally damaging behavior in cognitive terms, related to a common (misplaced) belief that economic development and technological advancement, among other contemporary processes, will solve our environmental problems. However, I argue that they have not given due consideration to the complex (predominantly non-cognitive/non-conscious) discursive constitution of the individual, and thus seem to adhere to a Kantian notion of autonomy that overlooks such non-cognitive factors. Focusing on this non-cognitive aspect of discursive constitution, I ascribe our ecological apathy mainly to the fact that we have been discursively constituted as docile bodies and prostrate subjects. Further, I argue that, because this process of discursive constitution is primarily non-cognitive, any attempts to remedy our ecological apathy at a cognitive level alone will not be completely effective. Consequently, I propose that a more effective way of fostering pro-environmental dispositions may be for individuals to engage in an ethic/culture of the self that is not exclusively conceptual in orientation, and which is centered on the practice of a counter-discourse that does not constitute the individual as docile and prostrate nor negate the individual’s dependence on the environment. Alternatively, in order to engender pro-environmental civilizational change, it may be necessary to operate within the discursive parameters of dominant/popular institutions, in order to incrementally alter the discourses employed within, and disseminated through, these institutions, in a manner that would lead to the problematization, rather than the endorsement, of the ecologically deleterious technological, political and economic trajectories of our time.
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Lee, Ho-yin, and 李浩賢. "Integrated intelligent management platform for the built environment incorporating agent-based simulation and geographic informationsystem." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47244410.
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In the area of indoor built environment modelling, the main focus was usually put on the
accuracy of the modelled equipment within the given environment. There was not enough
attention placed on the modelling of occupants inside the building, who represent the
ultimate end?users and should be the most important element of an indoor built
environment model. This deficiency was mainly due to the difficulties of modelling human
behaviour with the traditional mathematical modelling methods usually adopted in the field.
Therefore, in order to model the occupants more effectively, a more appropriate alternative
approach is needed. This thesis examined the suitability of agent?based modelling and
simulation (ABMS) for the indoor built environment. Philosophies of ABMS for the built
environment were discussed, with the natural flow of progression stages in indoor built
environment models outlined and explored, showing the need for switching a problem of
simplicity to one in which a complex organised system was defined.
Scenarios of single active agent case in ABMS for indoor built environment were used to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, with the finding that ABMS was versatile in
modelling different types of occupants. It provided an illustration of the difference between
people with different sensation time, and estimated energy savings between occupants with
varied understanding of the environment.
A classification scheme for different types of indoor built environment models with different
levels of complexities was proposed and discussed. Based on the classification scheme,
models with different levels of complexities were applied to the same building to explore the
feasibility and practicality of the scheme. It was found that the simulation results provided
insightful figures on probable energy consumption for different types of occupants and their
crowd behaviour when interactions between occupants were considered. Findings included
the amount of energy saved (around 10%) by a knowledgeable occupant over a less
informed one, and the tendency for the majority (?66%) of occupants trying to save energy
by assessing the environment themselves under different conditions.
To further assist building management and the implementation of ABMS approach in built
environment for simulations, the concepts of geographic information system (GIS) were
modified for applications in the indoor environment, based on its similarity with ABMS for a
grid?based environment. A prototype program was developed to test the applicability of the
proposed concepts, with OPC connectivity for connections to real?world equipment. It was
found that the idea of indoor GIS helps to solve problems such as the facility layout problem
or the difficulties of information storage/retrieval in facility management, and this concept
also integrated well with ABMS.
With the successful modelling of different types of occupants and simulation results
consistent with real data, it can be concluded from the work that ABMS is a promising
approach for future generations of indoor built environment models. Also, with the inspiring
framework of indoor GIS, the combination of ABMS and GIS in an integrated platform will
certainly bring a powerful tool to the field.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Mechanical Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Harris, Peter-Dirk. "South African environmental taxes and investment incentives in practice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95565.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African economy is faced with a number of challenges as an upper-middle income
country that is highly resource-intensive, with an open economy. It has a number of developmental
goals that must be achieved in order to maintain environmentally conscious sustainable
development. The country will have to find pioneering ways to address the poverty problems faced
by a large proportion of its people, while still ensuring economic growth at a reduced cost to the
environment.
In an effort to promote the shift to a “green” economy, the South African state and its related
entities have developed a number of incentive programmes aimed at easing the transition. These
incentives primarily support businesses in their efforts to become more energy-efficient, or to
convert to renewable energy sources. The objective of this study is to critically evaluate what the
South African government is doing with regard to environmental instruments aimed at assisting the
country to reduce carbon emissions.
This case study follows a quantitative approach, considering the financial effects that the different
environmental instruments could have on South African manufacturers. Through the study the
researcher will be able to make certain recommendations to businesses in the manufacturing
industry who are interested in investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency. The results of
the study will also give the researcher insight into the South African environmental incentives,
which will allow him to make informed comments on the proposals that government has tabled
regarding future environmental taxes and incentives.
The research questions that the researcher tried to answer were based on the current and future
policy measures that the South African government has implemented, or will implement, in order to
move the country to a low-emissions trajectory. These policies were then also compared to
international measures in order to determine if the policies chosen by the South African
government are appropriate for the this country’s economy.
This study has led the researcher to discover a number of issues relating to the status of
environmental policy in South Africa. These discoveries have allowed him to make certain
recommendations to businesses investing in this realm, as well as to government which develops
these policy measures.
The main findings of the study are that with the assistance of the South African government and
related entities, investments in renewable energy have become viable. When considering the
current status of South African environmental policy, the researcher has also come to realise that
the country is lagging behind the rest of the world with regard to policy development. The South
African economy is unique, thus policies have to be structured in a way that will not be detrimental
to the country.
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Giles, Andrew. "Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.
Full textAbstract:
Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible.
The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources.
In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails.
Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users.
Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.
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Pornprasitpol, Pornwan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Selective disassembly for re-use of industrial products." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24274.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of rapid product development, the product life cycle has become shorter, and thus the amount of waste from discarded industrial products has risen dramatically. An awareness of the world???s environmental problems has stimulated researchers to explore the opportunities to reuse, recycle and remanufacture end-of-life products. Disassembly is a systematic approach to separating products into components or subassemblies in order to facilitate recovery of components or materials. However, the full disassembly of a product tends to be unproductive due to technical and cost constraints and product conditions after usage. Therefore, selective disassembly has been introduced as a more practical approach, where only a limited number of disassembly paths that lead to selected parts with recovering potential are considered. This research focuses on the development of a selective disassembly methodology by reversing an assembly sequencing approach. The methodology uses a step-by-step approach to generate a disassembly sequence diagram. This involves listing all the parts within the product, generating a liaison diagram to illustrate part relationships and then establishing precedence rules describing prerequisite actions for each liaison. This is followed by segregating disassembly paths that lead to the removal of selected parts or subassemblies. Then a winnowing process is applied to these paths to eliminate invalid disassembly states and transitions. The last step is to select the optimal disassembly path by using the time requirement as the main selection criterion. In order to shorten the time for carrying out the sequencing process, a javabased program that is capable of performing the first three steps has been created. The program requires three basic inputs in forms of precedence rules, and user-required part (s) and disassembly rules, prescribing which liaison (s) should be done subsequent to a particular liaison. The viability of the methodology and the program is proved through seven case studies conducted on a fishing reel, a single-hole punch, a kettle, an entire washing machine and three washing machine subassemblies. The application of the program allows the users to determine an optimal disassembly sequence in a very short time and with only basic product information as the input.
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Emblemsvåg, Jan. "Activity-based life-cycle assessments in design and management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32855.
Full text
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Stettler, Stephanie L. "Sustainable Event Management of Music Festivals: An Event Organizer Perspective." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/257.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainably managed music festivals have significant value and can provide a multitude of benefits to a healthy, sustainable and desirable society if their negative impacts are mitigated and positive impacts cultivated. To reach this great potential, sustainable event management of music festivals must become widely adopted and expanded as common practice. To drive this improvement of sustainable event management, there is a need to first understand the barriers and success factors event organizers face moving their music festivals toward sustainability. This study uses a research design of mixed quantitative-qualitative methods: a survey of thirty diverse music festival organizers across the United States and interviews with five selected survey participants. Research draws on pertinent literature from sustainability theory and practice, previous research on sustainable event management, existing strategies of sustainable events, and lessons from organizational change studies. Findings revealed seven key barriers and four success factors associated with sustainable event management of music festivals as well as three specific needs of event organizers to improve sustainable event management. With these findings, seven strategies are presented to help event organizers adopt and improve sustainable event management of music festivals. This study is significant because it fills an important gap in the academic literature on events and sustainability. Additionally, this study is immediately applicable to Untied States music festivals. The findings were drawn directly from the perspectives and experiences of event organizers, and the strategies are designed to be specifically applied to their sustainable event management work.