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McLean, Sheila A. M. "Some Legal Aspects of Modern Reproductive Technology." European Journal of Public Health 1, no. 1 (1991): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/1.1.45.
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Patterson, Jo Ellen. "Review of Psychiatric aspects of reproductive technology." Family Systems Medicine 9, no. 4 (1991): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0089086.
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Pandey, Chandra M. "Statistical Aspects of Community Health and Nutrition." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.032.
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One of the most common problems with the area of health and nutritional research is the limited number of quality books available that can provide research methodology, health indicators and their trend in a single volume. Statistical Aspects of Community Health and Nutrition is a one of the problem-based text book which completely fulfils the gap and stands to our expectations.
This book is a single but comprehensive resource on maternal and infant mortality, anemia especially in adolescents and women in reproductive age group and, their causes, prevention, evaluation and validation methods including 30 clusters design, logistic regression and findings of recent relevant studies. Despite above, author also discusses the food insecurity and hunger, tuberculosis, influenza like prevalent diseases, their hotspot and available estimates, techniques for analyzing multiple response data, and small area estimation.
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Leshchenko, O. Ya, E. V. Genich, M. A. Darenskaya, and L. I. Kolesnikova. "HIV and infertility: neuro-endocrine and metabolic aspects." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-4-73-80.
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Objective: to establish a correlation of the main neuroendocrine and metabolic parameters associated with infertility and to provide a prognostic assessment of reproductive disorders in HIV-infected women, stages 4.Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical and sociological study of fertility of 83 women of reproductive age with HIV, stages 4.Results. The most significant indicators of lipid peroxidation and neuroendocrine regulation systems have been established in patients with HIV infection and reproductive disorders, which will make it possible to predict these disorders in the future. Decreased ovarian reserve, ovarian steroid function, increased pituitary prolactinergic function are associated with a deficiency of a number of antioxidants (retinol, tocopherol, superoxide dismutase) and the development of oxidative stress with a predominant accumulation of intermediate lipid peroxidation products in HIV-infected women with infertility.Conclusion. The pathogenetically substantiated principle of the correction of antioxidant status is the use of a-tocopherol and retinol preparations and the correction of hormonal levels in HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders.
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Hemminki, Kari, Marja-Liisa Lindbohm, and Pentti Kyyr??nen. "Validity Aspects of Exposure and Outcome Data in Reproductive Studies." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37, no. 8 (August 1995): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199508000-00003.
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Akison, L. K., P. H. Andraweera, M. J. Bertoldo, H. M. Brown, J. S. M. Cuffe, T. Fullston, O. Holland, and J. E. Schjenken. "The current state of reproductive biology research in Australia and New Zealand: core themes from the Society for Reproductive Biology Annual Meeting, 2016." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 10 (2017): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16382.
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Because reproduction is essential for all life, it is central to our understanding of all aspects of biology. The Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) 2016 conference held on the Gold Coast (Qld, Australia) displayed the current breadth of reproductive research in Australia and New Zealand, with additional insights from world leaders in the field. This conference review provides a focused summary of the key questions, emerging ideas and novel technologies that were presented in the symposia. Presented research demonstrated key advances in how stem cell biology may allow us to better understand pluripotency, as well as how environmental and lifestyle factors, such as circadian disruption, smoking, alcohol and diet, affect gametogenesis, embryo implantation, placental function and reproductive capacity. Sessions also highlighted the role of reproductive biology in providing insight into the mechanisms and processes governing a wide range of biological science disciplines, including cancer research and therapies, oncofertility, conservation of native species and chronic non-communicable diseases. Recurring themes included the importance of male and female gamete quality for reproductive potential and the critical and varied roles of the placenta in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Dysregulation of reproductive processes can contribute to a variety of pathological states that affect future health, fertility and fecundity. Research being conducted by the SRB has the potential to shape not only the fertility of the current generation, but also the health and reproductive viability of future generations.
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Johnson, E. Marshall. "Perspectives On Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity." Toxicology and Industrial Health 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200408.
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Human reproduction and development is a cycle of interdependent events. Virtually all of its phases have been shown to be the primary target of one or more non-mutagenic exogenous agents (Table 1). Such agents interfere with certain of the countless epigenetic or ontogenic events essential for normal completion of the cycle. Mutagens disrupt this cycle at some points, but the overwhelming majority of reproduc tive and developmental toxins are not mutagenic. As in all aspects of toxicology, the reproductive and developmental effects of chemicals are determined by the intrinsic nature of the chemical, the quantity of the chemical exposure, the duration of exposure and the stage of the cycle at which it occurs. Signs of repro ductive toxicity range from reduced fertility to spontaneous abortion. Adverse effects on the conceptus are categorized as functional deficits, developmental retardation, structural abnormality and death. One or more of these is anticipated to occur as a result of excess exposure to most chemicals. Although the degree of hazard and risk potential can be calculated in each instance, chemicals differ markedly in their ability to interfere with reproduction (Amann, 1982) and/or develop ment (Johnson, 1984). Standardized methods for reproductive and developmental toxicity safety evaluation are available for detecting adverse effects upon any
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Abedi, Parvin, Maryam Jorfi, Poorandokht Afshari, and Ahmad Fakhri. "How does health-promoting lifestyle relate to sexual function among women of reproductive age in Iran?" Global Health Promotion 25, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975917706831.
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This study aimed to evaluate the relation between health-promoting lifestyle and sexual function among women of reproductive age. In this cross-sectional study, 1200 women were recruited randomly from 10 public health centers in Ahvaz, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 (HPLP2), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used for data collection. The inclusion criteria were as follows: women aged 15–45 years, married, monogamous, and having basic literacy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-square test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression. All aspects of sexual function showed a significant relationship with different dimensions of HPLP2, except for pain and physical activity ( p < 0.001). Women who had better self-actualization were more likely to have better sexual function than other women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06–1.14, p < 0.001). Other variables like responsibility, interpersonal relations and stress management also showed a significant correlation with sexual function. Results of this study showed that health-promoting lifestyle dimensions are significantly related to all aspects of sexual function in women of reproductive age. Health policy makers should take lifestyle-related factors of reproductive-aged women into account when seeking to improve the sexual wellbeing of this population. Further attention should also be given to assessing the direction of causality.
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Reshma Ramesh and Swati Dinesh. "PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF PCOS ON REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN; A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED IN KERALA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (August 1, 2020): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.735.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder found in reproductive age women without a finite cause of existence. While clinical aspects of the study attribute itself to a more significant part of the research, there is also a need to understand patients' perception of better design interventions. The purpose of this study was to perform a preliminary qualitative study to analyse and apprehend the feelings, expressions, perceptions, and experiences expressed by patients associated with the PCOS. The study exercised in-depth interviews with women between 18 to 35 years in Kollam district, Kerala, India. The study results reveal that psychosocial aspects such as lifestyle changes, coping mechanisms, attitudes and beliefs, awareness levels, and physician-patient relations are affecting women among this population. The study concluded that for any behavioural intervention to work for women affected by PCOS, it is essential to take into account the aforementioned psychosocial aspects.
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Miljkovic, Snezana, Dragoljub Djokic, Slavica Djukic-Dejanovic, Gordana Grbic, Dejan Mitrasinovic, Jelena Radosavljevic-Svetozarevic, Rade Prelevic, Zarko Krivokapic, and Aleksandar Visnjic. "Determinants of the most significant characteristics of reproductive health." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 11-12 (2010): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1012737m.
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Introduction. Reproductive health of women is determined by females? demographic and socio-economic characteristics, their behavior, and the complex of environmental factors. Objective. The paper examines the predictive impact of personal and environmental characteristics, health and healthcare characteristics regarding the most important aspects of reproductive health. Methods From a sample of 2,718 women, aged 20-49 years, we collected information on various characteristics using a structured questionnaire. Based on factorial analysis (principal components method, Kaisser Varimax criterion) we selected representative variables (factors), describing personal (demographic and socio-economic) characteristics of women, their environment (family, household, community), health (attitudes towards health, life-style, health status), healthcare (independent) and the characteristics of reproductive health (dependent variables). The predictors were analyzed by multiple regression and correlation. Results. Sexual behavior was determined by socio-economic status, personal tidiness, rest, presence of risk factor(s), health evaluation and attitude toward personal responsibility, trust in physicians etc. The predictors of contraception involved satisfaction with one?s own health, serious health problems, health evaluation. The presence and number of abortions were determined by personal psychological maturity, rest, risk factors, life-style, health evaluation and its manifestations, and the continuity and timely healthcare. The predictors of adequate protection of reproductive health involved the cultural level of the community, financial standing of the household, satisfaction with one?s own life, tidiness and rest, presence of risk factors, health evaluation, attitude towards personal responsibility, and trust in physicians. HIV control was determined by satisfaction with one?s own life, physical activity of women, presence of serious health problems, and the content of primary healthcare. Postpartal protection was determined by the cultural level of the community, reasons for dissatisfaction with one?s own life, presence of risk factors and deficiencies, and timely contraception. The predictors of reproductive period duration are availability of health care in a community and personal tidiness of women. Conclusion. The study confirmed predictive impact of most of the studied characteristics.
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Wood, James W., Patricia L. Johnson, and Kenneth L. Campbell. "Demographic and endocrinological aspects of low natural fertility in highland New Guinea." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015479.
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SummaryThe Gainj of highland Papua New Guinea do not use contraception but have a total fertility rate of only 4·3 live births per woman, one of the lowest ever recorded in a natural fertility setting. From an analysis of cross-sectional demographic and endocrinological data, the causes of low reproductive output have been identified in women of this population as: late menarche and marriage, a long interval between marriage and first birth, a high probability of widowhood at later reproductive ages, low effective fecundability and prolonged lactational amenorrhoea. These are combined with near-universal marriage, a low prevalence of primary sterility and a pattern of onset of secondary sterility similar to that found in other populations. Of all the factors limiting fertility, by far the most important are those involved in birth spacing, especially lactational amenorrhoea.
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Kashefi, Fatemeh, Afsaneh Bakhtiari, Hajar Pasha, Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri, and Fatemeh Bakouei. "Student Attitudes About Reproductive Health in Public Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 41, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x20916599.
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Background Determine attitude of young people to reproductive health issues can somewhat predict their behavior in this area. This helps us in planning future on reproductive health. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of reproductive health and related factors among Iranian students in public universities in Iran. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out. The tool was developed based on a literature review to find out about reproductive health attitudes and sociodemographic factors associated. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed using expert judgment. Cronbach’s coefficient and test–retest were used to determine the reliability. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software by independent t test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results Out of 461 respondents, the majority of students were nonmedical sciences (81.1%). The main sources of information for reproductive health awareness were the media (40%); 54.9% disagreed with having premarital sex in both sexes, while only 36% agreed to postpone sexual activity until marriage in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, 64% believed that contraception would cause infertility in the future. The majority found the need for reproductive health services and education essential for single youth. Multiple regression showed a poor reproductive health attitude in nonmedical students, families who did not talk about boy–girl relationships, as well as in satellite users and hookah consumers. Conclusion The students’ level of attitude on reproductive health was not satisfactory. Intervention programs related to reproductive health taking into account the cultural aspects of Iranian society can protect young people from risky behaviors and unwanted pregnancies by creating a positive attitude.
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Manzoor, Seema, and Dua e. Rehma. "Reproductive Health Issues Of Women Living In Slum Areas Of Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v3i1.291.
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This study aims to establish the understanding about the reproductive health issues of women living in slum areas of Karachi. It also focuses on the actual problems of women living in slums and their access to health care services. Though women are almost half of the population, but are still the most neglected part of the society. Women in slums are extremely vulnerable to many health issues, because they are considered as the most dysfunctional part of the society. Now the scenario has changed a bit and realization regarding women’s reproductive health issues is recognized globally, but still social, economic and cultural aspects are barriers in their way to access health facilities. By using quantitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these women are experiencing, and the universe of population for this study is chosen as few slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Whereas, convenience and purposive sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method is used in order to collect the data by 100 respondents. In Pakistan and across the world, slums have been the characteristics of an urban setting. The concentration of reproductive health issues of women and adverse environmental circumstances within slums is an increasingly important concern for developing countries like Pakistan.
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Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. "Endemic disease, nutrition and fertility in developing countries." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 3 (July 1992): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200001991x.
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The two main ways in which disease and nutrition can influence fertility are by reducing fecundity or by extending the birth interval. Fecundity refers to reproductive ability, that is the potential to breed, as compared to fertility which denotes actual childbearing (McFalls & McFalls, 1984). Reduced fecundity, which is usually referred to as subfecundity, results from impairment of any of the biological aspects of reproduction, including coital inability, conceptive failure as well as pregnancy loss. Subfecundity is only one factor operating to reduce fertility; other factors include those governing mate exposure (both formation and dissolution of unions as well as exposure to intercourse within unions) and birth control.
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Lyaginskaya, Antonina M., I. M. Petoyan, A. P. Ermalitskiy, V. V. Kuptsov, and N. M. Karelina. "RADIATION-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN MALES OF THE STAFF OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 9 (March 27, 2019): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-883-887.
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The aim of this study was a retrospective evaluation of the reproductive health of the male staff of the Kalinin and Kursk nuclear power plant (NPP). Material and Methods. Fertility indices were used for the evaluation of the reproductive health status (ability to have children) and the health status of their offspring. For the assessment of the fertility there were used data concerning the marital status, childbirths and radiation doses received by males, obtained from the questionnaires, developed as part of this study. The data about the health of newborns was obtained from information copied from the individual cards of pregnant history cases and infant history case. In total, in the study there was analyzed data on the marital status of 679 men from Kalinin and 631 men from Kursk NPP, as well as data on the 735 and 813 newborn in the families of staff of the Kalinin and Kursk NPP, and data on 1438 and 1284 pregnant women respectively. As control groups there were used data about health of newborns and pregnant women of cities of Udomlya and Kurchatov. The combined groups included 1549 newborns and of 2718 pregnant women. Results. Infertile marriages due to the male infertility accounted for 7.3% of the Kalinin NPP personnel, and 2.5% -of Kursk NPP personnel. The incidence and complication rates of the pregnancy in families of Kalinin and Kursk NPP staff are comparable with those in the control group of pregnant women and were 75.7%, 61.6% and 71.0%, respectively. Adverse pregnancy outcomes (spontaneous abortions and early neonatal death of the newborn) were recorded in 6.9%, 0.1% in the families of the personnel of the Kalinin NPP and 8.9%, 0.2% in the families of the personnel Kursk of the NPP complying with the control values of 7.6% 0.2%, respectively. The frequency of the birth of the health child corresponds to control values as 73.6% of the families of the personnel of the Kalinin NPP, amounting to 65.3% in the families of the personnel of the Kursk NPP and 69.7% in the control group. The relative risk of birth of a child with congenital malformations RR = 0,84 in the families of staff at Kalinin NPP and RR = 1.0 - at Kursk NPP. Conclusion. No impact of occupational exposure on the reproductive health was revealed for the male staff both at Kalinin and Kursk NPP.
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Reagan, Leslie J. "Representations and Reproductive Hazards of Agent Orange." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 1 (2011): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00549.x.
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United States Air Force planes fly across mountains of green forest; behind them, fine white streams of chemical spray fill the sky. The planes fly alone or in formation covering wide swaths of the entire landscape. These images of the herbicide spraying during the United States-Vietnam War are ubiquitous in media material about Agent Orange, the most heavily used of the fifteen herbicides sprayed during the war. This representation of the war does not include guns, grenades, tanks, bombs, or dead bodies. Instead, contemporary documentary filmmakers offer images of airplanes and chemical barrels to provide evidence of another weapon of war, pan dead and leafless forests in an otherwise lush landscape of green, and zero in on children’s deformed bodies to show the lasting environmental and health effects of Agent Orange. In this essay I share preliminary thoughts from my new project on Agent Orange and film in the United States and Vietnam. The bulk of social science writing on Agent Orange has focused on American veterans and their fight to secure benefits, while film scholars have analyzed the Vietnam War in Hollywood movies and television. I investigate documentary film, the transnational activism that generates these films, and the representations of gender, disabilities, bodies, history and culture within them. Here I offer a close reading of two turn-of-the-twenty-first-century documentaries about Agent Orange in Vietnam.
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Hook, Christopher, Karen Hardee, Tim Shand, Sandra Jordan, and Margaret E. Greene. "A long way to go: engagement of men and boys in country family planning commitments and implementation plans." Gates Open Research 5 (May 21, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13230.1.
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Background: Evidence shows that, to reach global goals related to women and girls’ access to modern family planning (FP) and gender equality, it is critical to understand and account for the role of men and boys as users of reproductive health services, as partners for millions of women & girls around the world, and as advocates in their communities. Under the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, countries were encouraged to develop costed implementation plans and action plans in an effort to provide 120 million additional women and girls with contraception. As FP2020 becomes FP2030, reviewing these previously-developed strategies helps understand the extent to which countries considered the engagement of men as an important aspect of their family planning portfolios. Methods: We conducted textual analysis on commitments and implementation plans related to achieving FP2020 commitments in seven countries in Africa and one in Asia to determine the extent to which male engagement was incorporated into country or subnational family planning goals, with particular focus on FP policy, program, and financial commitments. Results: Some of the documents analyzed included robust plans for including male engagement in their efforts to expand access to FP. The strongest aspects of male engagement programming were those that sought to engage men as advocates for women’s access to and use of FP services, and improve men’s knowledge and attitudes related to contraception and reproduction. The weakest aspects were engaging men as users of services and, vitally, tackling underlying gender norms which hamper men’s and women’s health-seeking behaviors and attitudes. Conclusions: Developing FP programs that target men and boys as people deserving of reproductive health services, as partners with women in building their families, and as social activists in their communities, will complement and strengthen existing FP programs as well as promote broader goals related to gender equality.
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Hook, Christopher, Karen Hardee, Tim Shand, Sandra Jordan, and Margaret E. Greene. "A long way to go: engagement of men and boys in country family planning commitments and implementation plans." Gates Open Research 5 (September 27, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13230.2.
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Background: To reach global goals related to women and girls’ access to modern family planning (FP) and gender equality, evidence shows that it is critical to understand and account for the role of men and boys as users of reproductive health services, as partners for millions of women & girls around the world, and as advocates in their communities. Under the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, countries were encouraged to develop costed implementation plans and action plans in an effort to provide 120 million additional women and girls with contraception. As FP2020 becomes FP2030, reviewing these previously-developed strategies helps understand the extent to which countries considered the engagement of men as an important aspect of their family planning portfolios. Methods: We conducted textual analysis on commitments and implementation plans related to achieving FP2020 commitments in six countries in Africa and one in Asia to determine the extent to which male engagement was incorporated into country or subnational family planning goals, with particular focus on FP policy, program, and financial commitments. Results: Some of the documents analyzed included robust plans for including male engagement in their efforts to expand access to FP. The strongest aspects of male engagement programming were those that sought to engage men as advocates for women’s access to and use of FP services, and improve their knowledge and attitudes related to contraception and reproduction. The weakest aspects were engaging men as users of services and, vitally, tackling underlying gender norms which hamper men’s and women’s health-seeking behaviors and attitudes. Conclusions: Developing FP programs that target men and boys as people deserving of reproductive health services, as partners with women in building their families, and as social activists in their communities, will complement and strengthen existing FP programs as well as promote broader goals related to gender equality.
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Wahlang, Banrida. "Exposure to persistent organic pollutants: impact on women’s health." Reviews on Environmental Health 33, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2018-0018.
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AbstractThis literature review focuses on the causal relationship between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exposure and women’s health disorders, particularly cancer, cardio-metabolic events and reproductive health. Progressive industrialization has resulted in the production of a multitude of chemicals that are released into the environment on a daily basis. Environmental chemicals or pollutants are not only hazardous to our ecosystem but also lead to various health problems that affect the human population worldwide irrespective of gender, race or age. However, most environmental health studies that have been conducted, until recently, were exclusively biased with regard to sex and gender, beginning with exposure studies that were reported mostly in male, occupational workers and animal studies being carried out mostly in male rodent models. Health-related issues pertaining to women of all age groups have not been studied thoroughly and rather disregarded in most aspects of basic health science research and it is therefore pertinent that we address these limitations in environmental health. The review also addresses studies looking at the associations between health outcomes and exposures to POPs, particularly, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and pesticides, reported in cohort studies while accounting for gender differences. Considering that current levels of POPs in women can also impact future generations, informative guidelines related to dietary patterns and exposure history are needed for women of reproductive age. Additionally, occupational cohorts of highly exposed women worldwide, such as women working in manufacturing plants and female pesticide applicators are required to gather more information on population susceptibility and disease pathology.
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Bamberger, Michelle, and Robert E. Oswald. "Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 22, no. 1 (May 2012): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.22.1.e.
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Environmental concerns surrounding drilling for gas are intense due to expansion of shale gas drilling operations. Controversy surrounding the impact of drilling on air and water quality has pitted industry and leaseholders against individuals and groups concerned with environmental protection and public health. Because animals often are exposed continually to air, soil, and groundwater and have more frequent reproductive cycles, animals can be used as sentinels to monitor impacts to human health. This study involved interviews with animal owners who live near gas drilling operations. The findings illustrate which aspects of the drilling process may lead to health problems and suggest modifications that would lessen but not eliminate impacts. Complete evidence regarding health impacts of gas drilling cannot be obtained due to incomplete testing and disclosure of chemicals, and nondisclosure agreements. Without rigorous scientific studies, the gas drilling boom sweeping the world will remain an uncontrolled health experiment on an enormous scale.
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Murray-Johnson, Lisa, Kim Witte, Marc Boulay, Maria Elena Figueroa, Douglas Storey, and Ian Tweedie. "Using Health Education Theories to Explain Behavior Change: A Cross-Country Analysis." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, no. 1 (April 2005): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1500-1461-44gk-m325.
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Scholars within the fields of public health, health education, health promotion, and health communication look to specific theories to explain health behavior change. The purpose of this article is to critically compare four health theories and key variables within them with regard to behavior change in the area of reproductive health. Using cross-country analyses of Ghana, Nepal, and Nicaragua (data sets provided by the Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins University), the authors looked at the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Extended Parallel Process Model, and Social Cognitive Theory for these two defined objectives. Results show that all four theories provide an excellent fit to the data, but that certain variables within them may have particular value for understanding specific aspects of behavior change. Recommendations for the selection of theories to use as guidelines in the design and evaluation of reproductive health programs are provided.
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Sheikh, Ishfaq Ahmad, and Mohd Amin Beg. "Structural Aspects of Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Activity of Stereoisomers for a Common Pesticide Permethrin against Androgen Receptor." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020143.
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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a serious global public health and environmental concern. Pyrethroids are insecticide chemicals that are extensively used for crop protection and household purposes but have been identified as EDCs. On account of their ubiquitous environmental presence, human exposure occurs via food, dermal, or inhalation routes and is associated with health problems, including reproductive dysfunction. Permethrin is the most commonly used pyrethroid, and with two chiral centers in its structure, it has four stereoisomeric forms (two enantiomer pairs), i.e., permethrin (1R,3R)-cis, permethrin (1R,3S)-trans, permethrin (1S,3S)-cis, and permethrin (1S,3R)-trans. The current study was performed for predicting the potential endocrine-disrupting activity of the aforementioned four stereoisomers of permethrin against the androgen receptor (AR). The structural binding characterization and binding energy estimations in the AR binding pocket were done using induced fit docking. The structural binding data indicated that all stereoisomers were placed stably in the AR binding pocket and that the estimated binding energy values were comparable to the AR native ligand, except for permethrin (1S,3S)-cis. Furthermore, the commonality in the amino acid interactions to that of the AR native ligand and the binding energy values suggested the potential AR-disrupting activity of all the stereoisomers; however, stereoselective differences were not observed. Taken together, the results suggest that human exposure to permethrin, either as a racemate mixture or in individual stereoisomer form, could potentially interfere with AR function, which may lead to male reproductive dysfunction.
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Taylor, Allyn L. "Governing the Globalization of Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 3 (2004): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00163.x.
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The number and the scale of transboundary public health concerns are increasing. Infectious and non-communicable diseases, international trade in tobacco, alcohol, and other dangerous products as well as the control of the safety of health services, pharmaceuticals, and food are merely a few examples of contemporary transnationalization of health concerns. The rapid development and diffusion of scientific and technological developments across national borders are creating new realms of international health concern, such as aspects of biomedical science, including human reproductive cloning, germ-line therapy, and xenotransplantation, as well as environmental health problems, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and depletion of the ozone layer. Growth in international trade and travel, in combination with population growth, has served to increase the frequency and intensity of health concerns bypassing or spilling over sovereign boundaries.Although health has traditionally been seen an area of limited multilateral cooperation, there is growing awareness that contemporary globalization has led to the proliferation of cross border determinants of health status and is undermining the capacity of nation states to protect health through domestic action alone.
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Rajesh, K. M., P. Rohit, and E. M. Abdussamad. "Fishery and biological traits of obtuse barracuda Sphyraena obtusata (Cuvier, 1829) off south-west coast of India." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/1/mrn-1249.
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Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the fishery, diet composition and reproductive aspects of obtuse barracuda landed in Karnataka, south-west coast of India. Methodology: Feeding and reproductive traits of 1229 samples (638 males and 591 females) of S. obtusata was studied for a period of five years. The index of relative importance (IRI) was determined for each diet component in the stomach. Reproductive aspects such as maturity stages, gonadosomatic index and fecundity were investigated. Results: The most predominant prey item in terms of frequency of occurrence (93.1%), number (91.4%), weight (93.2%), IRI (3615.5) and also % IRI (98.5%) was fishes. Crustaceans and cephalopods were noticed less frequently and were represented by shrimps and Loligo sp. The estimated length at first maturity for male and female fishes was 20.5 and 21.3 cm, respectively. Higher GSI values were observed during post monsoon (October-November) followed by summer pre monsoon (April-May) season in both males and females, indicating two peak spawning periods. Interpretation: The comprehensive study on major biological characteristics of Sphyraena obtusata could be useful for developing appropriate management strategies for conservation and judicious exploitation of this commercially important resource. Key words: Barracuda, Fecundity, Gonadosomatic index, Sphyraena obtusata
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Sobczak, Elżbieta, Bartosz Bartniczak, and Andrzej Raszkowski. "Aging Society and the Selected Aspects of Environmental Threats: Evidence from Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 4648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114648.
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The article addresses problems of population aging in Poland and the selected environmental hazards exerting a negative impact on seniors’ health. The introduction presents the reasons underlying the above-mentioned aging process and provides the characteristics of the primary environmental threats. The next part covers the most important trends and indicators related to the demographic situation in the country. The core of the study is focused on presenting and interpreting the results of empirical research on the periodization of the population aging process in Poland, in the years 2004–2019, using the multidimensional statistical analysis method including, in particular, the data classification method. The key demographic factors differentiating the development phases of the population aging process include, in order of their significance: longer life expectancy of the population, narrowed gross reproduction rate, declining birth rate, and total migration balance. In addition, the article provides the analysis of the selected environmental threats’ impact on population aging in Poland, among which the following were indicated: high temperatures, solar conditions, heavy rainfall, strong winds, droughts, and fires. Moreover, the process of longer life expectancy in fine health is essentially related to two issues: the level of medical care, with particular attention paid to check-ups and preventive measures, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. In summary, it should be highlighted that the elimination of all pollutants or the reasons of environmental hazards is not possible; however, the actions primarily focused on reducing the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere and other forms of environmental pollution should definitely be taken.
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Winston, Anthony P. "Eating disorders: physical aspects." Women's Health Medicine 1, no. 1 (November 2004): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/wohm.1.1.17.55414.
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Corner, Lynne, Katie Brittain, and John Bond. "Social aspects of ageing." Women's Health Medicine 3, no. 2 (March 2006): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/wohm.2006.3.2.78.
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Morgan, Kevin. "Psychological aspects of ageing." Women's Health Medicine 3, no. 2 (March 2006): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/wohm.2006.3.2.81.
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Martin, Graeme B., and Teuku Reza Ferasyi. "1. Clean, Green, Ethical (CGE) Management: What Research Do We Really Need?" International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v1i1.5066.
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Industries based on small ruminants are major contributors to world food supply but, in many production systems, reproductive technology is not directly relevant. In addition, there is a general need to embrace the vision for products that are ‘clean, green and ethical’ (CGE). In the concept of CGE management, the environment of the animal is used to control reproduction rather than technological tools. Nutrition is the primary factor but, rather than feeding ruminants with potential human food, we need to focus on forages with occasional ‘smart supplements’. This focus also opens up opportunities – new forages can supply energy and protein whilst improving animal health and welfare, and reducing carbon emissions.Nutritional inputs must be accurately coordinated with reproductive events to ensure that the metabolic signals are appropriate to the stage of the reproductive process. To control the timing of reproduction, we begin with simply managing the presence of the male but then seek more precision through the greater use of ultrasound.Finally, genetic improvement should be part of every industry strategy and it is critical in the long-term development of CGE management. Most aspects of CGE management have a strong genetic component, as evidenced by variation among genotypes, and among individuals within genotypes. For example, a combination of nutritional management with genetic improvement in the rate of muscle accumulation can accelerate sexual maturity, potentially leading to simultaneous improvements in meat production, reproductive efficiency and environmental footprint.For each local situation, we need to introduce the various elements of the CGE package in stages, adapting the process to cover variations in genotype and in geographical and socio-economic environments. Some concepts might need further research and development for local conditions. Ultimately, CGE management is a simple and cost-effective way to improve productivity whilst safeguarding the future of the livestock industries.
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League, Garrett P., Laura C. Harrington, Sylvie A. Pitcher, Julie K. Geyer, Lindsay L. Baxter, Julian Montijo, John G. Rowland, Lynn M. Johnson, Courtney C. Murdock, and Lauren J. Cator. "Sexual selection theory meets disease vector control: Testing harmonic convergence as a “good genes” signal in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): e0009540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009540.
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Background The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a medically important, globally distributed vector of the viruses that cause dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. Although reproduction and mate choice are key components of vector population dynamics and control, our understanding of the mechanisms of sexual selection in mosquitoes remains poor. In “good genes” models of sexual selection, females use male cues as an indicator of both mate and offspring genetic quality. Recent studies in Ae. aegypti provide evidence that male wingbeats may signal aspects of offspring quality and performance during mate selection in a process known as harmonic convergence. However, the extent to which harmonic convergence may signal overall inherent quality of mates and their offspring remains unknown. Methodology/Principal findings To examine this, we measured the relationship between acoustic signaling and a broad panel of parent and offspring fitness traits in two generations of field-derived Ae. aegypti originating from dengue-endemic field sites in Thailand. Our data show that in this population of mosquitoes, harmonic convergence does not signal male fertility, female fecundity, or male flight performance traits, which despite displaying robust variability in both parents and their offspring were only weakly heritable. Conclusions/Significance Together, our findings suggest that vector reproductive control programs should treat harmonic convergence as an indicator of some, but not all aspects of inherent quality, and that sexual selection likely affects Ae. aegypti in a trait-, population-, and environment-dependent manner.
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Sandra, Olivier, Nadéra Mansouri-Attia, and Richard G. Lea. "Novel aspects of endometrial function: a biological sensor of embryo quality and driver of pregnancy success." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11908.
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Successful pregnancy depends on complex biological processes that are regulated temporally and spatially throughout gestation. The molecular basis of these processes have been examined in relation to gamete quality, early blastocyst development and placental function, and data have been generated showing perturbations of these developmental stages by environmental insults or embryo biotechnologies. The developmental period falling between the entry of the blastocyst into the uterine cavity to implantation has also been examined in terms of the biological function of the endometrium. Indeed several mechanisms underlying uterine receptivity, controlled by maternal factors, and the maternal recognition of pregnancy, requiring conceptus-produced signals, have been clarified. Nevertheless, recent data based on experimental perturbations have unveiled unexpected biological properties of the endometrium (sensor/driver) that make this tissue a dynamic and reactive entity. Persistent or transient modifications in organisation and functionality of the endometrium can dramatically affect pre-implantation embryo trajectory through epigenetic alterations with lasting consequences on later stages of pregnancy, including placentation, fetal development, pregnancy outcome and post-natal health. Developing diagnostic and prognostic tools based on endometrial factors may enable the assessment of maternal reproductive capacity and/or the developmental potential of the embryo, particularly when assisted reproductive technologies are applied.
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Rosetta, L. "Aetiological approach of female reproductive physiology in lactational amenorrhoea." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 3 (July 1992): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019866.
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There is a wide range of duration of post-partum amenorrhoea and resumption of ovulation between individuals, within an individual or between populations. Several extraneous variables, such as parity, mother's age, sex of the breast-fed baby, socioeconomic status and cultural level of the family, can be controlled; then the remaining variables will probably explain a part of the total variability in post-partum amenorrhoea duration but say nothing about the physiological process. In attempting to question physiological aspects of the return of fertility several observational studies have tended to favour one of the different factors which are supposed to play a major role in the regulation and have compared different levels of it, such as body composition of the mother (Frisch & McArthur, 1974), breast-feeding pattern (Jones, 1989) or the life style of the women. Life style can be related to women's physical activity in normal life (Ellison, 1991), the difference between urban and rural life (Carael, 1981) or the environment (Laurenson et al., 1985). Prolactin as a possible mediator of the central regulation has been carefully considered (Lunn, Austin & Whitehead, 1984; Howie et al., 1982). These studies were mainly observational rather than experimental, supplementing mothers during the lactating period or during the pregnancy. If this information is added to what is known of other animal species (Loudon, 1987) or animal experimentation (Plant et al., 1989; Williams et al., 1990a; Williams et al., 1990b), the combination of several of the main factors believed to have a major role in the human species can be clarified and the aetiology of the resumption of fertility in nursing women investigated.
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Chudi, Ibekwe Perpetus. "Post-Abortion Care: A Neglected Aspect of Reproductive Health Services in Nigeria." African Journal of Reproductive Health 7, no. 3 (December 2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3583284.
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Guimarães, Alzira Maria D'avila Nery, Heloísa Bettiol, Luiz De Souza, Ricardo Q. Gurgel, Maria Luiza Dória Almeida, Eleonora Ramos De Oliveira Ribeiro, Marcelo Z. GoldaniV, and Marco Antônio Barbieri. "Is adolescent pregnancy a risk factor for low birth weight?" Revista de Saúde Pública 47, no. 1 (February 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102013000100003.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether adolescent pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) babies. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborns from a birth cohort in Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected consecutively from March to July 2005. Information collected included socioeconomic, biological and reproductive aspects of the mothers, using a standardized questionnaire. The impact of early pregnancy on birth weight was evaluated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We studied 4,746 pairs of mothers and their babies. Of these, 20.6% were adolescents (< 20 years of age). Adolescent mothers had worse socioeconomic and reproductive conditions and perinatal outcomes when compared to other age groups. Having no prenatal care and smoking during pregnancy were the risk factors associated with low birth weight. Adolescent pregnancy, when linked to marital status "without partner", was associated with an increased proportion of low birth weight babies. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescence was a risk factor for LBW only for mothers without partners. Smoking during pregnancy and lack of prenatal care were considered to be independent risk factors for LBW.
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Knysak, Irene, Rosana Martins, and Carlos R. Bertim. "Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101998000600003.
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INTRODUCTION: The lack of basic knowledge on venomous arthropods and the benignity of the clinical manifestations contribute to the centipede bite victims' not being taken to a treatment reference center, leading to underestimation of the number of cases and minimizing the possibility of a broader epidemiological view. An inventory of the centipede bite occurrences in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil, and the therapeutic methods employed, by the main Brazilian medical center for the notification of poisoning by venomous animals, is presented. METHOD: All patient cards of the period 1980-1989 have been checked as to place, month and time of occurrence; sex, age, affected part of the body, signs and symptoms have been observed, as well as the therapeutic methods employed. The centipedes that caused the accidents were identified at the Arthropods Laboratory. RESULTS: It was registered 216 accidents, with a 69% predominance of the Greater S. Paulo and in only 63% of the cases (136) was the agent brought in by the victim for identification. The genera most frequently represented were Cryptops (58%), Otostigmus (33%) and Scolopendra (4%). Of the 136 cases, 87% showed erythema, edema, hemorrhage, burns, cephalalgia, and intense pain. There was a predominance of accidents in the warm rainy season, in the morning and for females between 21 and 60 years of age. Hands and feet were the parts of the body most affected. The benign evolution of the clinical picture (54%) made therapeutical treatment unnecessary. Only the victims of Scolopendra and Otostigmus (46%) were medicated with anesthetics (51%), analgesics (25%), antihistamines and cortisone (24%). CONCLUSION: The reproductive period of the centipedes, associated with their sinanthropic habits, contributes to the greater incidence of accidents in urban areas in the warm rainy season. Only patients bitten by Scolopendra and Otostigmus require therapeutical treatment.
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Cossa, Hermínio, Rahel Scheidegger, Andrea Leuenberger, Priska Ammann, Khátia Munguambe, Jürg Utzinger, Eusébio Macete, and Mirko S. Winkler. "Health Studies in the Context of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041555.
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Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is an important livelihood activity in many low- and middle-income countries. It is widely acknowledged that there are a myriad of health risk and opportunities associated with ASM. However, little is known with regard to which aspects of health have been studied in ASM settings. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications, using readily available electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception to 14 July 2020. Relevant information was synthesized with an emphasis on human and environmental exposures and health effects in a context of ASM. Our search yielded 2764 records. After systematic screening, 176 health studies from 38 countries were retained for final analysis. Most of the studies (n = 155) focused on health in ASM extracting gold. While many of the studies included the collection of environmental and human samples (n = 154), only few (n = 30) investigated infectious diseases. Little attention was given to vulnerable groups, such as women of reproductive age and children. Our scoping review provides a detailed characterisation of health studies in ASM contexts. Future research in ASM settings should address health more comprehensively, including the potential spread of infectious diseases, and effects on mental health and well-being.
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Dobson, Andrew. "Genetic Engineering and Environmental Ethics." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, no. 2 (1997): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007817.
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When God gave humankind dominion over the earth he may not have known exactly what we would be able to do with it. The technical capacities to which the production and reproduction of our everyday life have given rise have grown at an astonishing and, it seems, ever-increasing rate. The instruments that we use to do work on the world have become sharper and more refined, and the implications of human interventions in the nonhuman environment are much more far-reaching than could have been imagined even forty years ago. It has become something of a cliche to say that our technical abilities have outstripped the wisdom to know when, where, and how we should appropriately use them, but techniques such as genetic engineering invite the dusting-off of the cliche and the asking of the question implicit in it: We know we can splice genes, but should we splice them? We might of course come to the conclusion that we should only splice some of them some of the time, but even arriving at that conclusion presupposes that the ethical question has been asked and answered.
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Di Napoli, Ilaria, Sara Tagliaferri, Eduardo Sommella, Emanuela Salviati, Debora Porri, Benedetta Raspini, Hellas Cena, et al. "Lifestyle Habits and Exposure to BPA and Phthalates in Women of Childbearing Age from Northern Italy: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 9710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189710.
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Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with aspects of hormonal signaling. Considerable attention has been paid to their biological effects especially in women of childbearing age or during pregnancy as EDCs have been reported to cross the placenta becoming concentrated in the fetus’ circulation. Lifestyle habits, daily consumption of packaged foods and use of healthcare/cosmetic products are associated with increased EDCs levels. This cross-sectional research examined the EDCs levels and the lifestyle determinants of EDC exposure in a cohort of reproductive-age women from Northern Italy. Methods: Forty-five women (median age: 36, IQR: 30–38) were evaluated for urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates levels and also studied for EDCs’ major determinants of daily exposure; food frequency/dietary, physical activity, smoking habits and weight status. Results: Although 100% of women seemed to have been exposed to common sources of EDCs, they reported a healthy lifestyle. The multivariable model described a positive and significant association between consumption of sauces/dressings in plastic containers and monoethyl phthalate exposure (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Since reproductive age encompasses a critical window for future health and functioning of the “mothers-to-be” and their children, future studies on prenatal dietary BPA and phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure are recommended.
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Burnett, Arthur L., Natalie C. Edwards, Tonya M. Barrett, Krista D. Nitschelm, and Samir K. Bhattacharyya. "Addressing Health-Care System Inequities in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: A Call to Action." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 155798832096507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320965078.
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common, burdensome, and costly urologic condition strongly related to all aspects of general health, from physical to mental. ED has profound consequences as it may interfere physical well-being, quality of life (QoL), self-esteem, relationships, self-worth, and productivity. It is therefore important to ensure that all types of effective ED treatments are consistently accessible to patients. While federal and state mandates ensure access to treatment for women’s breast health, female-factor infertility, and gender affirmation to ensure that these individuals do not experience a diminished QoL, there are no comparable mandates for men’s sexual and reproductive health. The burden of ED necessitates a call to action to improve the accessibility of ED treatments. The call to action steps include: (a) coverage for pharmacological, surgical, and other ED treatments should be viewed in the same way as coverage for other health issues, whether male or female and regardless of the stages of treatment, physical dysfunction, or physical changes; (b) American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for the management of ED should be followed, including implementation of templates in electronic medical records (EMRs) to support adherence to the guidelines; and (c) coverage criteria should explicitly state that the criteria are intended to support gender equity for sexual and reproductive health care and should not be used to prevent men from receiving medically necessary ED treatments. This call to action offers a pathway to support every man who seeks treatment for ED as a medically necessary intervention by removing systemic health-care barriers.
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Козлов, Владимир, Vladimir Kozlov, Ольга Лебедько, Olga Lebedko, Галина Евсеева, Galina Evseeva, Стефания Супрун, and Stefaniya Suprun. "REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY IN THE FAR EAST." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 71 (March 25, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c89a4b8c5b7d6.60314177.
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The article presents the results of long-term observations of the authors to assess the health of pregnant women, children and adolescents of the Far-Eastern Federal District. In the dynamics of the observation there is an improvement in indicators characterizing the health status of women and children: the reduction of morbidity, infant and child mortality. However, these data are much higher than in European countries. Thus, the infant mortality rate on average in the Far Eastern Federal District decreased from 11.0‰ in 2013 to 5.7‰ in 2017 (on average in Russia it was 5.5‰). At the same time, in the “new” countries of the European Union (EU) that are the closest in socio-economic condition to Russia (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia), this figure in 2016 amounted to 3.9‰, and in the “old” countries of the EU it was 3.3‰. The child mortality rate (1-17 years old) in some regions of the Far Eastern Federal District ranges from 73.0 in the Khabarovsk territory (per 100 thousand of the corresponding age) to 101.1 in the Jewish Autonomous Region and on average in Russia in 2016 it was 70.9. And in the EU countries, this figure was significantly lower and amounted to 37.6 in the “new” countries and 31.4 in the “old” countries. In the analysis of risk factors affecting health, infant and child mortality, the following biological factors were noted: maternal health, complicated pregnancy, genetic factors, living conditions and, above all, economic and biogeochemical environmental factors. In areas with a tense and critical assessment of the environmental situation, the proportion of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, premature, congenital malformations is much higher. In the formation of pathology in children, the deficiency or imbalance of essential, i.e. vital trace elements, the nature of nutrition, nutrient deficiency, and the formation of energy deficiency of immunocompetent blood cells can influence a lot. All these environmental factors, in fact, are etiological and determine different variants of pathology, the formation of metabolic imprinting, the manifestation of fetal programming and the birth of immature offspring. Disturbance of embryogenesis under the influence of these factors leads to the development of various pathologies of newborns, long-term consequences in the form of reproductive dysfunction, pathology of immune reactions, mental dysfunction, and reduced adaptability. As a result, we have an increased morbidity, sick offspring, and a decrease in life expectancy. In order to develop specific measures to reduce morbidity, infant and child mortality, it is necessary to solve a number of medical and organizational measures, strengthen the preventive orientation of medical care for pregnant women, and timely correct the deficit conditions. It is necessary to organize the system of active health follow-up (examination based on automated control systems) of pregnant women, a system of data banks for the examination, treatment and rehabilitation of women with a burdened obstetric history and from the risk group for the development of perinatal pathology at the stage of planning pregnancy (the best option) or in the early stages of pregnancy.
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Giommi, Christian, Hamid R. Habibi, Michela Candelma, Oliana Carnevali, and Francesca Maradonna. "Probiotic Administration Mitigates Bisphenol A Reproductive Toxicity in Zebrafish." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179314.
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Although the use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been banned in a number of countries, its presence in the environment still creates health issues both for humans and wildlife. So far, BPA toxicity has been largely investigated on different biological processes, from reproduction to development, immune system, and metabolism. In zebrafish, Danio rerio, previous studies revealed the ability of environmentally relevant concentrations of this contaminant to significantly impair fertility via epigenetic modification. In addition, several studies demonstrated the ability of different probiotic strains to improve organism health. This study provides information on the role of the probiotic mixture SLAb51 to counteract adverse BPA effects on reproduction. A 28-day trial was set up with different experimental groups: BPA, exposed to 10 µg/L BPA; P, receiving a dietary supplementation of SLAb51 at a final concentration of 109 CFU/g; BPA+P exposed to 10 µg/L BPA and receiving SLAb51 at a final concentration of 109 CFU/g and a C group. Since oocyte growth and maturation represent key aspects for fertility in females, studies were performed on isolated class III (vitellogenic) and IV (in maturation) follicles and liver, with emphasis on the modulation of the different vitellogenin isoforms. In males, key signals regulating spermatogenesis were investigated. Results demonstrated that in fish exposed to the combination of BPA and probiotic, most of the transcripts were closer to C or P levels, supporting the hypothesis of SLAb51 to antagonize BPA toxicity. This study represents the first evidence related to the use of SLAb51 to improve reproduction and open new fields of investigation regarding its use to reduce endocrine disrupting compound impacts on health.
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I.V., Zavgorodnii. "CLINICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE." Inter Collegas 2, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.2.4.427-440.
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Data of 2010 report show that 30% of the planet's biological system has been lost over the past 40 years. Environmental medicine studies diseases or functional disorders in people, which emerge as a result of exposure to environmental factors, and works out methods of diagnosis, control and prevention of diseases associated with the environment. By this moment we have performed 4 environmental projects: “With teacher’s profession to be healthy and motivated until retirement: ways of prophylaxis and development of personality”, “Study of loads and intensity in the banking area employees”, “Study of psychological stress among emergency workers” with total evolvement of more than 800 respondents. Toxic effect of the environmental factors on the mental health, cardiovascular system, hemopoetic organs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and reproductive organs is discussed in the article. Problem of clinical aspects of environmental medicine is stated.Key words: environmental medicine, toxic effect, chronic disease РезюмеЗавгородній І.В.КЛІНІЧНА МЕДИЦИНА НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩАДані звіту 2010 року показують, що 30% біологічної системи планети було втрачено протягом останніх 40 років. Екологічна медицина вивчає захворювання або функціональні порушення в організмі людей, які виникають в результаті впливу факторів навколишнього середовища, а також розробляє методи діагностики, контролю і профілактики захворювань, пов'язаних з навколишнім середовищем. До цього моменту ми виконали 4 екологічних проекти: "В професії вчителя бути здоровим і мотивованим до виходу на пенсію: способи профілактики і розвитку особистості", "Вивчення навантажень та іх інтенсивності в працівників банківської сфери", "Дослідження психологічного стресу серед аварійних працівників" до яких було залучено більш ніж 800 респондентів.Токсична дія екологічних факторів на психічне здоров'я, серцево-судинну систему, кровотворні органи, шлунково-кишковий тракт, нирки і репродуктивні органи обговорюється в статті. Проблема клінічних аспектів екологічної медицини дискутується.Ключові слова: екологічна медицина, токсична дія, хронічне захворювання резюмеЗавгородний И.В.КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫДанные отчета 2010 показывают, что 30% биологической системы планеты было потеряно в течение последних 40 лет. Экологическая медицина изучает заболевания или функциональные нарушения в организме людей, которые возникают в результате воздействия факторов окружающей среды, а также разрабатывает методы диагностики, контроля и профилактики заболеваний, связанных с окружающей средой. До этого момента мы выполнили 4 экологических проекта: "В профессии учителя быть здоровым и мотивированным до выхода на пенсию: способы профилактики и развития личности", "Изучение нагрузок и их интенсивности у работников банковской сферы", "Исследование психологического стресса среди аварийных работников "к которым были привлечены более 800 респондентов.Токсическое действие экологических факторов на психическое здоровье, сердечно-сосудистую систему, кроветворные органы, желудочно-кишечный тракт, почки и репродуктивные органы обсуждается в статье. Проблема клинических аспектов экологической медицины дискутируется.Ключевые слова: экологическая медицина, токсическое действие, хроническое заболевание
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Saunders, L. D., W. Chen, and S. E. Hrudey. "Studies of hazardous waste sites and human health: evaluation of internal validity." Environmental Reviews 5, no. 3-4 (December 1, 1997): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a97-009.
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We conducted a systematic review of English-language analytical epidemiological studies assessing whether contaminants from hazardous waste sites cause adverse human health effects. From 900 candidate studies identified from computerized searches, bibliographic reviews, reference lists, and personal contacts, 43 potentially eligible studies were chosen. These were independently screened by two reviewers and 14 studies were selected for the final review. Each study was assessed independently by three reviewers. The methodology and main results were summarized. Studies were rated for different aspects of internal validity and criteria for causation. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated and differences were resolved by consensus. Most (11 of 14) studies selected for the final review were case-control studies. Hazardous exposures ranged from a single chemical in groundwater to multiple compounds in contaminated landfill sites. Health outcomes assessed included various cancers, various reproductive outcomes, and a variety of nonspecific health conditions and symptoms. Reported statistically significant relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were generally modest. Overall, for these 14 studies exposure measures were poorly rated; outcome measures were well rated and measurement bias, selection bias, and confounding biases were intermediately rated. Adherence to criteria for temporal association and biological plausibility was better than for other criteria of causality. The studies reviewed did not provide convincing evidence of causal relationships between hazardous waste site exposure and adverse human health effects, in particular because of poor exposure measurement. This does not mean that such causal relationships do not exist. Substantially better exposure assessment methodology is needed to establish the harmful effects caused by hazardous waste exposures.
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Andrade, Heloísa Helena Siqueira Monteiro, Maeve Brito de Mello, Maria Helena Sousa, Maria Yolanda Makuch, Neilane Bertoni, and Anibal Faúndes. "Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 5 (May 2009): 1168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500023.
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This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program is inserted within the context of reproductive rights, deals with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices and focuses on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre and post-tests and a non-equivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
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Lahme, Anne Mutunda, Ruth Stern, and Diane Cooper. "Factors impacting on menstrual hygiene and their implications for health promotion." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916648301.
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Background: In the lives of women, puberty is marked by the onset of menarche. From this stage onwards until menopause, reproductive health and menstrual hygiene are important aspects of women’s lives. In Zambia’s Western Province, the natural process of menstruation is a taboo and dealt with secretly. Information and knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls is inadequate. This paper explores the factors influencing the understanding, experiences and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Mongu District, Western Province of Zambia. Methods: An explorative study design was used by means of six focus group discussions conducted with 51 respondents, aged 13–20 years, from three secondary schools. Their age at menarche was 11–15. For data analysis thematic content analysis was used. Results: The paper shows that the girls suffer from poor menstrual hygiene, originating from lack of knowledge, culture and tradition, and socio-economic and environmental constraints, leading to inconveniences, humiliation and stress. This leads to reduced school attendance and poor academic performance, or even drop outs, and ultimately infringes upon the girls’ human rights. Conclusion: To address these shortcomings, a ‘super setting approach’ is recommended, in which a Health Promoting School could improve the girls’ individual and group needs, and a community setting which would address the broader socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. This would enable creating a supportive environment for the girls to manage their periods. To successfully utilize the approach, all stakeholders (parents, teachers, children, governments and communities) should cooperate to generate context-specific solutions for creating safe menstrual care, and better and dignified conditions for adolescent girls. Therefore, this calls for comprehensive, strident advocacy for policy changes at national level, and mediation and involvement at community level.
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Engstrom, Christine A., and Christine E. Kasper. "Physiology and Endocrinology of Hot Flashes in Prostate Cancer." American Journal of Men's Health 1, no. 1 (March 2007): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988306294162.
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The purpose of this article is to integrate the physiology of the male reproductive system and the role of hormones in the pathophysiology and treatment of prostate cancer. The primary focus is to review hormonal changes associated with androgen ablation treatment and to integrate the available hormonal data into a hypothesis. This review used a systematic search of Medline references from 1990 to 2006. All sources were critically evaluated to arrive at an understanding of androgen deprivation symptoms, such as hot flushes/flashes, and to identify research needed in this area. Research is needed to explore the physiological mechanisms of hot flashes to develop better therapeutic treatment options to ameliorate side effects of hormonal treatment. Studies are needed to investigate all aspects of hot flashes in populations other than those with breast cancer, such as men with prostate cancer, carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid tumors, pancreatic islet-cell tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and phenochromocytoma.
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Silva, Esther Pereira da, Antônio Flaudiano Bem Leite, Roberto Teixeira Lima, and Mônica Maria Osório. "Prenatal evaluation in primary care in Northeast Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (May 16, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001024.
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize prenatal care and verify possible factors associated with its adequacy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on interviews with health care professionals and consultations on official documents of women attending prenatal of the primary health care in the city of João Pessoa, capital of Paraíba, in the Northeast region of Brazil. Prenatal care was evaluated by an index with criteria referring to aspects of structure, process and outcome, denominated IPR/Prenatal. The multivariate logistic regression method revealed that demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive and maternal morbidity variables were possible determinants for prenatal adequacy. RESULTS: The survey involved 130 services and 1,625 primary health care patients. Prenatal care was adequate in approximately 23% of the cases. Low prevalence of referral to maternity, educational strategies and examinations were observed. The analysis showed that nonadolescent women (OR = 1,390), with a longer period of schooling (OR = 1.750), higher per capita income (OR = 1,870) and primiparous women (OR = 1,230) were more likely to have an adequate prenatal. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal care, when evaluated by broader criteria, showed a low percentage of adequacy. Strategies should be developed to ensure the referral to the maternity where the birth will take place and health education activities and examinations to provide adequate prenatal care in the municipality under study. In addition, factors associated with adequacy must be considered by managers and health professionals.
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Kosygina, A. V. "Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike." Obesity and metabolism 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5189.
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In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.
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Silver, Lee M. "New reproductive technologies in the treatment of human infertility and genetic disease." Theoretical Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 1990): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00489454.
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Mote, Norce, Sunarni, Rosa D. Pangaribuan, Nova S. Monika, Edy H. P. Melmambessy, and Anwar Mallongi. "Glass fish (Kurtus gulliveri) reproduction aspects at kumbe river estuary, District of Mearuke, Province of Papua, Indonesia." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 10 (2018): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01232.9.
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