Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment"

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Skipworth, Peter J., Simon J. Tait, and Adrian J. Saul. "Laboratory investigations into cohesive sediment transport in pipes." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (1996): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0208.

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In the UK many sewers are laid to shallow gradients and as a consequence, suffer from recurrent sediment deposition. The loss in conveyance due to these deposits may contribute to hydraulic overloading problems and the wash-out of in-sewer sediment deposits may result in a rain induced “foul flush” of pollution which may subsequently be discharged via a CSO to the receiving water course. This paper reports the results of a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory in an attempt to better understand the factors which influence the erosion of cohesive sediment beds. Apparatus, formerly used for fixed bed work, was modified to assess the erosion characteristics of movable beds. Samples were taken from the flow during computer generated hydrographs and these were later assessed for the concentration of suspended sediment using a spectrophotometer. Whilst other studies have been concerned with the erodability of different sediments, this study has been limited to one cohesive sediment type and has concentrated on two aspects of the relationship between the properties of the flow hydrograph and the erosion and transport of cohesive sediment beds. Specifically, the effect of the rate of increase of the rising limb of the hydrograph and of the ultimate flowrate on the pollutograph have been examined. This series of experiments has produced evidence that the measured suspended sediment transport rate of cohesive-like materials exposed to a variable flowrate, is dependent both on the values of the final flowrate and on the rate of the initial temporal change of the flowrate, and is not solely dependent on the “steady state” flow variables.
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Crabtree, R. W., R. Ashley, and R. Gent. "Mousetrap: modelling of real sewer sediment characteristics and attached pollutants." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 7 (1995): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0197.

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A dynamic, pollutograph based sewer flow quality simulation model is an essential tool to aid in the control of intermittent pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Such a model can be used in conjunction with river impact models to provide an objective methodology for the control of intermittent sewage discharges. A new component to the MOUSE package has been developed, called MOUSETRAP, which is composed of a series of deterministic modules to represent the quality of surface run-off, sediment and pollutant transport within the pipe network, and the biological and chemical reactions within the sewer system. MOUSETRAP can be used to predict sewer flow quality and, hence, CSO spill concentrations and loads over time. The results of recent research into the behaviour of sediments and associated pollutants in sewers have shown that these aspects are crucial to the development of a reliable, deterministic sewer flow quality model. MOUSETRAP, by representing the physical and chemical characteristics and behaviour of real sewer sediment types has the ability to simulate storm event pollutographs incorporating first foul flush phenomena. MOUSETRAP achieves this by representing pollutants associated with dissolved phase liquid transport and pollutants associated with sediments including bed deposits, bed load and settleable suspended solids. The results of data collection are used to characterise sewer sediments and a theoretical basis for the modelling of sediments and sediment attached pollutants in MOUSETRAP is considered. Finally, the model default values for characteristics of the surface, deposited foul flow and in-pipe sediment types in MOUSETRAP are presented.
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Jupsin, H., and J. L. Vasel. "Modelisation of the contribution of sediments in the treatment process case of aerated lagoons." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 11 (2007): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.341.

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In aerated lagoons and even more in stabilization ponds the specific power (W/m3) is not high enough to maintain all the suspended solids in suspension. Some part of the suspended solids (including biomass) settles directly into the reactor and not in the final settling pond. The gradual accumulation of those sediments on the pond bottom affects performance by reducing the pond volume and shortening the Hydraulic Residence Time. However, the role played by these deposits is not restricted to such a physical effect. Far from being inert sediments they are also an important oxygen sink that must be taken into account when designing aerator power and oxygen supply, for example. On the other hand, under aerobic conditions, the upper layer of sediments may contribute to the treatment as a biofilm compartment in the reactor. In aerated lagoon systems another process contributes to the interaction of deposits and the liquid phase: the operating (often sequencing) of aerators may induce a drastic resuspension of deposits. In a 3,000 m3 aerated lagoon we evaluated that 3 tons of deposits were resuspended when aerators were started. Due to those processes we consider that a mathematical model of an aerated lagoon or of a stabilization pond has to take into account the contribution (positive and negative aspects) of deposits in the process. In this paper we propose a model for sediments including production but also biological processes. Simulations of the aerated lagoon with or without the “sediment compartment” demonstrate the effect and the importance of this compartment on the process. Of course a similar approach could be used for facultative or even maturation ponds. The next step would be to include anaerobic activities in the bottom layer.
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Nicolodi, João Luiz, Elirio E. Toldo Jr, and Leandro Farina. "Dynamic and resuspension by waves and sedimentation pattern definition in low energy environments: guaíba lake (Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 1 (2013): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592013000100006.

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Little research has been undertaken into sediment dynamics in lakes, and most of it only analyses particular aspects such as the texture of the sediments. In this study, the characteristics of the wave field in Guaíba Lake are investigated. The parameters significant wave height (Hs), period (T) and direction of wave propagation are examined together with their relation to the resuspension of sediments at the bottom. For this purpose, the mathematical model SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) has been validated and employed. The results pointed out that the highest waves modeled reached 0.55 m at a few points in the lake, particularly when winds were blowing from the S and SE quadrants with an intensity over 7 m.s-1. Generally speaking, waves follow wind intensity and direction patterns, and reach maximum height in about 1 to 2 hours after wind speed peaks. Whenever winds were stronger, waves took some 2 hours to reach 0.10 m. However, with weak to moderate winds, the waves took around 3 hours to achieve this value in significant wave height. In addition to speed and direction, wind regularity proved relevant in generating and propagating waves on Lake Guaíba. In conclusion the lake's sediment environments were mapped and classified as follows: 1) Depositional Environments (51% of the lake); 2) Transitional Environments (41%); and 3) Erosional or Non-Depositional Environments (8%). As a contribution to the region's environmental management, elements have been created relating to the concentration of suspended particulate matter.
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Ioannidou, Vasiliki G., and Scott Arthur. "Experimental results of the hydrological performance of a permeable pavement laboratory rig." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 3 (2020): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.118.

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Abstract There is an increasing number of everyday flood incidents around the world, the impact of which poses a challenge to society, the economy and the environment. Under the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), green infrastructure through the use of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) is the recommended policy to manage and treat storm water runoff. Given the limited published experimental information on permeable interlocking concrete block pavements (PICPs), this paper presents novel results from an experimental laboratory study on a permeable interlocking concrete block pavement rig, investigating the short-term hydrology of the pavement, and water quality aspects related to the retention capacity of suspended solids (SS) through the pavement structure. Results of the volume analysis demonstrate high capability of the permeable structure to reduce the concentration time and attenuate the storm. Water quality testing was employed mainly as an indicator of the tendency of the suspended solids retention by the structure, indicating increasing tendency in the sediment mass retention progressively after each rainfall event. Experimental results obtained in the present study have direct application on the implementation of PICPs in car parking lots, urbanised pavement structures and pedestrianised walkways.
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Szpikowski, Józef. "Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin)." Quaestiones Geographicae 30, no. 1 (2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0010-4.

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Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin) The studies on geomorphological aspects of environmental changes in the river valleys were part of the work carried out under the diagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of the relief of the Perznica basin (West Pomerania, Drawsko Lakeland). Human interference in the river valleys and anthropogenic changes in the natural hydrological systems in the Perznica catchment influenced the transformation of the relief and the intensity of morphogenetic processes. Numerous anthropogenic landforms were formed, including embankments, dams, dykes along the canals, ditches and canals, reservoirs basins, and peat excavations. The drainage resulted in an intensification of the river erosion, straightening, shortening and increase of the river gradient, as well as the increase of quantity of the suspended matter leaving the catchments. An increase of anthropogenic denudation on agricultural lands, due to the entering of the crops grown on drained depressions and valleys, led to the masking of the original relief with deluvial sediments and the formation and expansion of agricultural terraces on the edge of the fields.
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Grenney, William J., and Edward Heyse. "Suspended Sediment—River Flow Analysis." Journal of Environmental Engineering 111, no. 6 (1985): 790–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1985)111:6(790).

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Nielsen, Peter. "Suspended sediment concentrations under waves." Coastal Engineering 10, no. 1 (1986): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(86)90037-2.

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Cao, Meng, and A. J. Roberts. "Modelling suspended sediment in environmental turbulent fluids." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 98, no. 1 (2015): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-015-9817-7.

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Martin, Bečvář. "Sediment Load and Suspended Sediment Concentration Prediction." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 1 (2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6502-swr.

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Sediment is a natural component of riverine environments and its presence in river systems is essential. However, in many ways and many places river systems and the landscape have been strongly affected by human activities which have destroyed naturally balanced sediment supply and sediment transport within catchments. As a consequence a number of severe environmental problems and failures have been identified, in particular the link between sediments and chemicals is crucial and has become a subject of major scientific interest. Sediment load and sediment concentration are therefore highly important variables that may play a key role in environment quality assessment and help to evaluate the extent of potential adverse impacts. This paper introduces a methodology to predict sediment loads and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in large European river basins. The methodology was developed within an MSc research study that was conducted in order to improve sediment modelling in the GREAT-ER point source pollution river modelling package. Currently GREAT-ER uses suspended sediment concentration of 15 mg/l for all rivers in Europe which is an obvious oversimplification. The basic principle of the methodology to predict sediment concentration is to estimate annual sediment load at the point of interest and the amount of water that transports it. The amount of transported material is then redistributed in that corresponding water volume (using the flow characteristic) which determines sediment concentrations. Across the continent, 44 river basins belonging to major European rivers were investigated. Suspended sediment concentration data were collected from various European basins in order to obtain observed sediment yields. These were then compared against the traditional empiric sediment yield estimators. Three good approaches for sediment yield prediction were introduced based on the comparison. The three approaches were applied to predict annual sediment yields which were consequently translated into suspended sediment concentrations. SSC were predicted at 47 locations widely distributed around Europe. The verification of the methodology was carried out using data from the Czech Republic. Observed SSC were compared against the predicted ones which validated the methodology for SSC prediction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment"

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Sobieszczyk, Steven. "Using Turbidity Monitoring and LiDAR-Derived Imagery to Investigate Sources of Suspended Sediment in the Little North Santiam River Basin, Oregon, Winter 2009-2010." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/176.

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The Little North Santiam River Basin is a 111-square mile watershed located in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. The Little North Santiam River is a major tributary to the North Santiam River, which is the primary source of drinking water for Salem, Oregon and surrounding communities. Consequently, water quality conditions in the Little North Santiam River, such as high turbidity, affect treatment and delivery of the drinking water. Between 2001 and 2008, suspended-sediment loads from the Little North Santiam River accounted for 69% of the total suspended-sediment load that passed the treatment plant. Recent studies suggest that much of this sediment originates from landslide activity in the basin. Using airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived imagery, 401 landslides were mapped in the Little North Santiam River Basin. Landslide types vary by location, with deep-seated earth flows and earth slumps common in the lower half of the basin and channelized debris flows prominent in the upper basin. Over 37% of the lower basin shows evidence of landslide activity compared to just 4% of the upper basin. Instream turbidity monitoring and suspended-sediment load estimates during the winter of 2009-2010 demonstrate a similar distribution of sediment transport in the basin. During a 3-month study period, from December 2009 through February 2010, the lower basin supplied 2,990 tons, or 91% of the suspended-sediment load to the Little North Santiam River, whereas the upper basin supplied only 310 tons of sediment. One small 23-acre earth flow in the lower basin, the Evans Creek Landslide, supplied 28% of the total suspended-sediment load, even though it only comprises 0.0004% of the basin. The Evans Creek Landslide is an active earth flow that has been moving episodically since at least 1945, with surges occurring between 1945 and 1955, 1970 and 1977, in February 1996, and in January 2004. Recent erosion of the landslide toe by Evans Creek continues to destabilize the slope, supplying much of the sediment measured in the Little North Santiam River. Over the last 64 years, the average landslide movement rate has been between 5 and 12 feet per year.
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Johnson, Charley R. "Migration of Dredged Material Mounds: Predictions Based on Field Measurements of Waves, Currents, and Suspended Sediments, Brunswick, GA." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082005-145658/unrestricted/johnson%5Fcharley%5Fr%5F200505%5Fmast.pdf.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
F. Michael Saunders, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Kevin Haas, Ph.D., Committee Member ; Paul A. Work, Ph.D., Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Whiting, Brant R. "Improving Surrogate Monitoring Techniques for Suspended Sediment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2075.

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The quality of water of our nation’s rivers and streams is important to many vital uses including drinking water treatment, recreation, and the natural environment. Water quality can be severely impacted by the quantity and type of suspended sediment found therein. Because suspended sediment can be associated with many other contaminants that degrade water quality, it is noted as the most common impairment to water quality in the United States. Suspended sediment can cause significant ecological impacts to the chemical and biological characteristics of surface waters. The ability to accurately quantify suspended sediment concentrations at the appropriate time(s) and location(s) is critical in assessing whether streams are meeting their designated beneficial uses and in implementing and evaluating watershed management and mitigation plans and restoration efforts. Currently, new methods for quantifying suspended sediment concentrations use mathematical and statistical techniques to relate turbidity and suspended sediment and have been shown to be affected by several factors, including the size and characteristics of suspended sediment particles. In this research we used turbidity as a surrogate (substitute) for suspended sediment at six locations in the Little Bear River, Utah, U.S.A. We also examined the differences between single-point and width and depth integrated suspended sediment sampling at two sites. This was used to develop a method to account for the differences and improve the resulting estimates of suspended sediment concentrations. Statistical techniques were used to assess—in probabilistic terms—the duration and magnitude of potential water quality criteria exceedance. Findings highlight that among some monitoring locations with wide geographic distances, turbiditysuspended sediment relationships are not site-specific for the more frequent (90th percentile) but lower (<50 NTU) turbidity values. Comparisons of point measures of turbidity and width and depth integrated suspended sediment samples revealed that suspended sediment is homogenous at their respective stream cross sections for 90% and 99% of the time at sites 2 and 6, respectively. The results are applicable to water managers who are charged with the determination of attainment or exceedance of water quality standards.
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Wikramanayake, Palitha Nalin. "Velocity profiles and suspended sediment transport in wave-current flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12542.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-230).
by Palitha Nalin Wikramanayake.
Ph.D.
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Salgado, Lilian Dalago. "Avaliação da biodisponibilidade e a bioacumulação de metais em botos-cinza do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia, SP." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1192.

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CAPES; CNPq
O Rio Ribeira de Iguape é o maior responsável pelo aporte de água doce e sedimentos em suspensão ao Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia (CELIC), que abriga uma população de cerca de 200 botos-cinza. A bacia deste rio foi fortemente afetada por atividades mineradoras, que contaminaram os sedimentos ao longo de seu curso e em parte do estuário. Este estudo avaliou a variação espacial e temporal dos parâmetros físicos e químicos do ambiente, a biodisponibilidade do Fe‚ Zn‚ Mn‚ Co‚ Cu‚ Cr‚ Cd, Pb e Ni nos sedimentos e a acumulação destes elementos no fígado de 21 golfinhos da espécie Sotalia guianensis. A água e os sedimentos foram amostrados em 8 pontos ao longo do sistema em três diferentes coletas entre os anos de 2013 e 2014 e as amostras de tecidos foram obtidas através do monitoramento de praias entre 2009 a 2012. Algumas condições abióticas encontradas entre as porções norte e sul do sistema diferiram em grande grau, com maior destaque à salinidade, resistividade, OD, pH e ao aporte de nutrientes e metais. O Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg e Fe apresentaram altos valores nos sedimentos próximos a Iguape, sendo considerados como fortemente biodisponíveis. Ainda, a razão SEM/SVA dos íons metálicos Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu e Zn apontou maior toxicidade dos sedimentos desta região. Houve correlações positivas entre estes elementos indicando que provavelmente tenham as mesmas fontes, sendo provenientes do arraste realizado pelo Rio Ribeira de Iguape. No fígado dos golfinhos, as concentrações deram-se na seguinte ordem de grandeza: Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Co>Cd. O Fe e o Zn apresentaram as maiores variações entre os metais e o Pb teve a maior variação e média descritas para a espécie (1,94 μg g-1). Não foram observadas correlações no acúmulo dos metais entre os sexos e o comprimento corporal dos animais. No entanto, animais infantes apresentaram maiores concentrações de metais essenciais, estando estes valores ligados ao período de rápido crescimento pós-natal. Considerando-se o histórico local e os valores observados para a biodisponibilidade dos metais, o estudo ressalta a utilização do boto-cinza como sentinela sendo esta avaliação uma importante abordagem para o monitoramento ambiental uma vez que permite a medição direta da biodisponibilidade dos poluentes. A alta média observada para o chumbo nos botos pode refletir a contaminação ambiental local causada por atividades mineradoras e indicar uma possível transferência trófica, uma vez que a dieta é uma das principais vias da exposição ao elemento.
The Ribeira de Iguape river is the most responsible for the input of freshwater and sediments in suspension to the Estuarine-Lagoon Complex of Iguape-Cananéia (CELIC), which has a population of about 200 Guiana dolphins. The basin of this river was strongly affected by mining activities, which contaminating the sediments along its course and in part of the estuary. This study evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of physical and chemical parameters of the environment, the bioavailability of Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni in the sediments and the accumulation of these elements in the liver of 21 dolphins of the species Sotalia guianensis. The water and sediment were sampled in 8 points throughout the system in three different samples between the years 2013 and 2014 and the tissue samples were obtained by monitoring of the beaches between 2009 and 2012. The trophic conditions found between the portions differ in great degree, most notably salinity, resistivity,DO, pH and the supply of nutrients and metals. The metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg and Fe showed high values in sediments near Iguape, being considered as strong bioavailable. The SEM/SVA reason for the metalic ions Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn showed greater toxicity of the sediments in this region. There were positive correlations between these elements indicating that they probably have the same sources, from the drag made by the Ribeira river. In the liver of the dolphins, the concentrations were given in the following order of magnitude: Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr> Pb>Ni>Co>Cd. The metals Fe and Zn showed higher values between metals and the Pb had the highest mean and variance ever described for the species (1.94 μg g-1). There were no correlations in the accumulation of metals between the sexes and the body length of the animals. However, infants showed higher concentrations of essential metals, and these values are related to the periode of rapid postnatal growth. Considering the local history and the bioavailability values observed for the metals, this study emphasizes the use of the Guiana dolphin as sentinel, this being an important approach for environmental monitoring once it allows direct measurement of the bioavailability of metals. The high mean of lead observed in the dolphings may reflect the local environmental contamination caused by mining activities and indicate a possible trophic transfer, since the diet is a major route of exposure to the element.
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Bigham, Daniel. "Calibration and testing of a wireless suspended sediment sensor." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13798.

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Master of Science
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Naiqian Zhang
A real time wireless, optical sensor network was tested for long-term, remote monitoring of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in streams. The sensor and control board assembly was calibrated using a two-stage calibration procedure, including a pre-calibration conducted in the laboratory to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor and a field calibration using grab samples to establish an effective statistical model to predict SSC from the sensor signals. The assembly was installed in three military bases around the United States. These bases were Fort Riley, Kansas; Fort Benning, GA; and Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The types of water bodies and watersheds varied greatly among the sites, which allowed the sensor to be tested under versatile conditions for potential widespread use. The results show that the sensor was capable of measuring SSC at each watershed independently. The calibration model developed for each sensor can be used to predict SSC from real-time sensor data. A data processing algorithm was developed to lessen the effect of fouling and clogging on sensor signals, along with eliminating anomalies in the data gathered. The results of this study displayed meaningful prediction data that can be used to estimate SSC in a stream over a long period of time. Information obtained in this study can be used as a launching point for future work and understanding of stream processes.
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Herrmann, Julie Marine 1977. "Effect of stratification due to suspended sediment on velocity and concentration distribution in turbulent flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28298.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-152).
(cont.) An examination of the effects of uncertainty in the predictive capability of our model reveals that this overshadows the slight improvement resulting from accounting for stratification. Finally, our stratification model appears to be nearly equivalent to making von Karman's constant a variable as done in the earliest attempts to account for stratification in sediment-laden flows.
Sediment-induced stratification effects on velocity profiles and sediment concentration distribution in a steady, uniform turbulent flow are examined in this thesis. The early work concerning sediment stratification relates this to von Karman's constant's variability. Subsequent attempts to account for stratification were based on the stratified flow analogy, introducing the parameters α and β, whose values were assumed to be those obtained for thermally stratified flows. Following these investigators, we assume stratification effects to be expressed through these parameters. We solve the governing equations for velocity and sediment concentration for a parabolic, a simplified linear-constant and an extremely simplified linear neutral eddy viscosity model. Analytically closed form solutions are obtained. The parabolic and linear-constant models' formulae require numerical evaluation of integrals. The linear model provides excellent estimates of velocity and concentration and does not require numerical computation. We run our model against experimental data to obtain the optimal set [α, β]. For neutral conditions, β = 0 by definition, and we obtain α = 1. For stratified conditions the optimal values are α = 0.8 and β = 4.0. Accounting for stratification slightly improves the prediction of velocity and concentration in comparison with the case where we do not account for it. For predictive purposes, we need to know the movable bed roughness and the reference concentration. Analyses of experimental data sets provide predictive relationships for reference concentration and movable bed roughness in terms of sediment and flow parameters.
by Julie Marine Herrmann.
S.M.
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Zhang, Yali. "An optical sensor for in-stream monitoring of suspended sediment concentration." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7074.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Naiqian Zhang
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in water is one of the most important parameters to evaluate water quality. Monitoring SSC provides important information on determining sediment transport for soil erosion research and soil/water conservation practices. Sediment mass transported at a given time can be assessed by simultaneous SSC and water flow velocity measurements. Fouling, including bio-fouling, has damaging impact on optical SSC measurements over the long term. In this study, an inexpensive, real-time, self-cleaning, optical sediment and flow velocity sensor was developed. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a previously designed SSC sensor. A light modulation algorithm was designed to reduce the influence of ambient light, especially sunlight, on measurement accuracy. Statistical models to predict SSC based on measured light intensities were established and compared with neural network models. The statistical analysis showed that soil texture played an important role in SSC measurement accuracy while the designed sensor was capable of reducing the effect of water color on sensor performance. Neural-network models can further remove the influence of soil texture type on SSC measurement. The sensor design was simplified based on a stepwise selection analysis. Long-term field experiments were conducted in Kansas and Georgia to evaluate the sensor performance, the effect of fouling, including bio-fouling, on sensor lenses, and the effect of temperature on the measurement. Methods of removing the fouling effect through data correction were developed. Results indicated that the designed optical SSC sensor was capable of providing rapid response to SSC fluctuations in water flow. Temperature of the water body has an insignificant impact on SSC measurement. In order to reduce fouling, an air-blast cleaning mechanism was integrated into the optical sediment sensor. Laboratory experiments in a manually created fouling environment were conducted to observe the fouling process on sensor cases made of different materials, and to verify the effectiveness of air-blast cleaning in reducing fouling. Results indicated that air-blast cleaning mechanism was capable of reducing clay/silt fouling on sensor signals. The duration and frequency of air-blast cleaning can be determined and adjusted depending on actual field conditions. An air pressure drop test was conducted on the hose carrying pressurized air. Results showed negligible pressure drop.A flow velocity measurement function based on the cross-correlation principle was integrated into the optical sediment sensor. An experiment was conducted in laboratory to examine the sensor performance on velocity measurement using a closed circulation system. A solution of blue colorant, Brilliant Blue FCF, was used as an artificial source to absorb light emitted by LEDs in the sensor and the signal variation patterns were measured. The results indicated that the cross-correlation-based velocity sensor was capable of measuring water flow velocity within in a certain velocity range using the dye injection method.
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Hobson, Anne Carrie Hickey. "Using remotely-sensed nearshore suspended sediment as an indicator of environmental change on the Alaskan North Slope." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219026.

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Jamison, Jonathan A. "Linear Regression Analysis of the Suspended Sediment Load in Rivers and Streams Using Data of Similar Precipitation Values." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu154273822580279.

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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment"

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Asquith, M. Transporting sediments via rivers to the ocean, and the role of sediments as pollutants in the South Pacific. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1994.

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Langland, Michael J. Synthesis of nutrient and sediment data for watersheds within the Chesapaeake Bay drainage basin. U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Newcombe, Charles P. Channel sediment pollution: A provisional fisheries field guide for assessment of risk and impact. Habitat Protection Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, 1996.

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Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Mastrilli, Thomas M. Effects of surface coal mining on suspended-sediment discharge in a small mountain watershed, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Kratzer, Charles R. Selenium and sediment loads in storm runoff in Panoche Creek, California, February 1998. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Kratzer, Charles R. Selenium and sediment loads in storm runoff in Panoche Creek, California, February 1998. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Porter, Stephen D. Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky: Distribution of metals and other trace elements in sediment and water, 1987-90. U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Porter, Stephen D. Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky: Distribution of metals and other trace elements in sediment and water, 1987-90. U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment"

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Westrich, Bernd. "Aspects of Modelling Suspended Sediment Transport in Non-Uniform Flows." In Movable Bed Physical Models. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2081-1_10.

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Apel, Heiko, Nguyen Nghia Hung, Trinh Thi Long, and Vo Khac Tri. "Flood Hydraulics and Suspended Sediment Transport in the Plain of Reeds, Mekong Delta." In Springer Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3962-8_8.

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Kişi, Özgür, and Halil İbrahim Fedakar. "Modeling of Suspended Sediment Concentration Carried in Natural Streams Using Fuzzy Genetic Approach." In Computational Intelligence Techniques in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8642-3_10.

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"D7 SEDIMENT PROPERTIES VERSUS DREDGING AND PLACEMENT METHODS." In Environmental Aspects of Dredging. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203894897-55.

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"Environmental & ecological aspects of sediment." In Advances in River Sediment Research. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15374-9.

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Liu, Wen-Cheng, Ming-Hsi Hsu, Chi-Ray Wu, Albert Kuo, and Sheng-Teng Chang. "Distribution of suspended sediment in a mesotidal estuary, Taiwan." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-346.

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Yıldırım, Emrah, and Lütfiye Yıldırım. "Aspects of Speciation." In Speciation Studies in Soil, Sediment and Environmental Samples. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15501-2.

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Tanaka, H., R. Sugawara, and H. Yamaji. "Measuring system of suspended sediment concentration at a river entrance." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-342.

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Asselman, Nathalie E. M. "The impact of climate change on suspended sediment transport in the river Rhine." In Studies in Environmental Science. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(06)80119-6.

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Alarcon, Vladimir J., and Gretchen F. Sassenrath. "Nitrate, Total Ammonia, and Total Suspended Sediments Modeling for the Mobile River Watershed." In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch066.

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This paper presents details of a water quality model of the Mobile River watershed that estimates total suspended sediments at the outlet of the watershed. The model is capable of simulating Nitrate (NO3), Total Ammonia (TAM), and Total Suspended Sediments (TSS) for extended periods of time at a daily temporal resolution (1970-1995). The Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran is used for modeling the hydrological, nitrogenous constituents, and sediment processes. Based on the nutrient simulation and exploration of the effects of two management practices (filter strips and stream bank stabilization and fencing) on nutrient removal, the resulting sediment model is used to implement the most efficient nutrient management practice and explore its effects on TSS concentrations in the Mobile River. Results show that the implementation of the management practice “stream bank stabilization and fencing” to agricultural lands in sub-watersheds that had intense agricultural activities produced the highest reductions of NO3 concentration (up to 14.06%) and TAM concentrations (8.01%). Based on the nutrient simulation and identification of “stream bank stabilization and fencing” as the most efficient BMP for nutrient concentration reduction, the sediment model was used to explore its effects on TSS concentrations in the Mobile River. Implementing “stream bank stabilization and fencing” produced monthly median TSS concentration reductions ranging from 3.6% to 10.6% in the Mobile River.
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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Suspended sediment"

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Yamamoto, Joji, Hideyuki Oka, Yasuharu Nakajima, Shotaro Uto, Shunji Inoue, and Shigesuke Ishida. "Analysis Tool for Environmental Impact of Seafloor Resources Development." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50096.

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The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Japan has a very wide area due to a lot of islands in Japanese Archipelago. As the worldwide supply and demand of natural resources and foods are being tight, the technology for the effective use of the EEZ will become the key for the sustainable development of Japan. From this background, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) started an R&D project of floating offshore platform technologies in 2007[1]. In this project an integrated design support tool is developed for evaluating the economical and safety aspects of the offshore platforms. This tool contains the function to estimate an environmental impact of seafloor resource development. We postulated the process of seafloor resource development as follows. The ores mined on seabed are sent up to the platforms as a mixture of the ore particles and water, then the waste water containing inorganic suspended particles is discharged into sea. The particles exhausted in the sea are transported by the advection and diffusion, and sink gradually on seafloor. We developed an analytical code simulating the distribution of discharged particle in both sea and sediments by a simple technique. Mass Consistent Flow Model is used to save the time in the calculation of ocean flow. In addition, the ecosystem model in sediment is developed to estimate the ecological impact of seafloor resource development. It includes benthic organism, zooplankton, bacteria, and particulate organic matter as the components. The ecological impact was assessed based on the recovery period of the biomass. In this paper, the outline of this environmental impact analysis tool and results of the trial calculation for seafloor resource mining are shown.
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Steele, James, James Grafe, and John J. Ramirez-Avila. "Analyzing Suspended Sediment Transport in Catalpa Creek." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481394.031.

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Ramirez-Avila, John J. "Suspended Sediment Transport in a Southeastern Plains Watershed." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)4.

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Kuhnle, R. A., and D. G. Wren. "Spatial Variations in Suspended Sediment Transport Over Dunes." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)214.

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Kim, B. K., S. Kim, M. S. Kyung, K. H. Lee, and H. S. Kim. "Prediction of Suspended Sediment in Imha Reservoir, Korea." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)394.

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Kabir, Shah Md Imran, and Habib Ahmari. "Sediment Color Effects on the Estimation of Suspended Sediment Concentration from Digital Imagery." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482940.005.

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Glysson, G. Douglas, John R. Gray, and Gregory E. Schwarz. "A Comparison of Load Estimates Using Total Suspended Solids and Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)123.

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Wren, Daniel, Roger Kuhnle, and James Chambers. "Progress in Acoustic Suspended-Sediment Measurement in Laboratory Flumes." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)27.

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Salehi, M., and K. B. Strom. "Suspended Sediment Concentration Measurements of Muddy Sediments with an ADV." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)360.

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Zhao, Hongling, Haibo Yang, Yunfei Li, and Ruifei Li. "Response of suspended sediment concentration to water and sediment regulation in yellow river estuary." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-15.2016.209.

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