Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Tin compounds

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Tin compounds'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Tin compounds"

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Ferreira, Arthur Batista, Abiney Lemos Cardoso, and Márcio José da Silva. "Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 21, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/142857.

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The recent increase in the world biofuels demand, along with the need to reduce costs while improving the environmental sustainability of the biodiesel production, have led to the search for catalysts that should be economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. This paper reviews recent research and development of organic and inorganic tin catalysts; focusing on kinetic properties and catalytic activity in two key reactions for biodiesel production: free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and triglycerides (TG) transesterification. First the basic knowledge of homogeneous tin catalysts in esterification reactions of different carboxylic acids is provided. Second, main advances obtained in the study of FFA esterification reactions catalyzed by tin chloride are covered. The effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of alkyl esters production is described. Kinetic measurements allowed the determination of the activation energy (46.79 kJ mol−1) and a first-order dependence in relation to both FFA and tin chloride catalyst concentration. Aspects related to recycling of the tin chloride catalyst in phase homogeneous are discussed. Third the advances obtained in the development of homogeneous catalysts based on tin complexes in transesterification reactions are summarized. Finally, results obtained from the use of tin organometallics compounds in reactions of vegetable oils transesterification reactions are concisely presented. The optimization of processes catalytic homogeneous utilized in the transesterification reactions can contribute to the improvement of the technology biodiesel production.
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Patterson, M. H., A. K. Turner, M. Sadeghi, and R. J. Marshall. "Health, safety and environmental aspects of the use of cadmium compounds in thin film PV modules." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 35 (September 11, 1994): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90155-4.

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Cruz-Jímenez, Gustavo, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Guadalupe de la Rosa, George Meitzner, Jason G. Parsons, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Effect of Sulfate on Selenium Uptake and Chemical Speciation in Convolvulus arvensis L." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 2 (2005): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05028.

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Environmental Context. Selenium (Se) is one of the most serious problems confronted in agricultural soils derived from Se-containing rocks. This metalloid, an essential nutrient for animals and humans, may be toxic at relatively low concentrations. Se removal from soil and water using plants is a promising alternative to traditional chemical or electrochemical techniques. However, very few plant species are able to accumulate Se at high concentrations. Since Se and sulfur (S) have similar chemical properties, sulfate (SO42−) in the plant growth media may interfere in the process of Se uptake by plants. Thus, plant species able to uptake more Se than S when both elements are present are desired for Se phytoremediation purposes. Abstract. Hydroponic experiments were performed to study several aspects of Se uptake by C. arvensis plants. Ten day old seedlings were exposed for eight days to different combinations of selenate (SeO42−), sulfate (SO42−), and selenite (SeO32−). The results showed that in C. arvensis, SO42− had a negative effect (P < 0.05) on SeO42− uptake. However, a positive interaction produced a significant increase in SO42− uptake when SeO42− was at high concentration in the media. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that C. arvensis plants converted more than 70% of the supplied SeO32− into organoselenium compounds. However, only approximately 50% of the supplied SeO42− was converted into organoselenium species while the residual 50% remained in the inorganic form. Analysis using LC-XANES fittings confirmed that the S metabolic pathway was affected by the presence of Se. The main Se compounds that resembled those Se species identified in C. arvensis were Se-cystine, Se-cysteine, SeO32−, and SeO42−, whereas for S the main compounds were cysteine, cystine, oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, and SO42−. The results of these studies indicated that C. arvensis could be considered as a possible option for the restoration of soil moderately contaminated with selenium even in the presence of sulfate.
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Tweeddale, Helen, Lucinda Notley-McRobb, and Thomas Ferenci. "Effect of Slow Growth on Metabolism of Escherichia coli, as Revealed by Global Metabolite Pool (“Metabolome”) Analysis." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 19 (October 1, 1998): 5109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.19.5109-5116.1998.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli growing on glucose in minimal medium controls its metabolite pools in response to environmental conditions. The extent of pool changes was followed through two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of all 14C-glucose labelled compounds extracted from bacteria. The patterns of metabolites and spot intensities detected by phosphorimaging were found to reproducibly differ depending on culture conditions. Clear trends were apparent in the pool sizes of several of the 70 most abundant metabolites extracted from bacteria growing in glucose-limited chemostats at different growth rates. The pools of glutamate, aspartate, trehalose, and adenosine as well as UDP-sugars and putrescine changed markedly. The data on pools observed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography were confirmed for amino acids by independent analysis. Other unidentified metabolites also displayed different spot intensities under various conditions, with four trend patterns depending on growth rate. As RpoS controls a number of metabolic genes in response to nutrient limitation, anrpoS mutant was also analyzed for metabolite pools. The mutant had altered metabolite profiles, but only some of the changes at slow growth rates were ascribable to the known control of metabolic genes by RpoS. These results indicate that total metabolite pool (“metabolome”) analysis offers a means of revealing novel aspects of cellular metabolism and global regulation.
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Hattori, Y., A. Kobayashi, K. Nonaka, A. Sugimae, and M. Nakamoto. "Degradation of Tributyl Tin and Dibutyl Tin Compounds in Environmental Waters." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0191.

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The degradation of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) and di-n-butyl tin (DBT) compounds in river and sea water samples was studied. In river water (Daini Neya River), TBT was degraded with time, and the concentration of inorganic tin increased. DBT was also degraded with time, and the concentrations of n-butyl tin (MBT) compounds and inorganic tin (the degradation products) increased. The half lives of TBT and DBT were about 11 days and 5 days, respectively. In seawater from Sakaisenboku Harbour (one of the most polluted areas in Osaka Bay), TBT and DBT were degraded in a manner similar to that in Daini Neya River water, but in seawater from other areas of Osaka Bay these compounds were little degraded.
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Rüdel, Heinz. "Case study: bioavailability of tin and tin compounds." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 56, no. 1 (September 2003): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00061-7.

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Maguire, R. James. "Aquatic Environmental Aspects of Non-Pesticidal Organotin Compounds." Water Quality Research Journal 26, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 243–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.016.

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Abstract Non-pesticidal organotin compounds in Canadian commerce are those of monomethyltin, dimethyltin, monobutyltin, dibutyltin, monooctyltin and dioctyltin. A review is presented of the uses, methods of analysis, environmental occurrence and aquatic toxicity of these compounds, which are scheduled for assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. It is likely that the most important non-pesticidal route of entry of these compounds to the environment will be through leaching of organotin-stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) by water. Monomethyltin and dimethyltin are widespread in the global environment. Monobutyltin and dibutyltin have been found frequently in harbours, marinas and shipping channels in Canada and elsewhere, arising largely as degradation products from the use of the antifouling agent tributyltin which is now regulated in Canada. There are few reports in the literature on the occurrence of butyltin species as a result of non-pesticidal uses or uses of tributyltin other than as an antifouling agent. Monooctyltin and dioctyltin have not been found to date in Canada or elsewhere in environmental samples. Judging from concentrations which have been reported to date, it appears that the mono- and di-methyltin, butyltin and octyltin species pose no threat to aquatic organisms in Canada vis-à-vis acute toxicity. Data on the persistence of these species in aquatic environments are in some cases fragmentary or non-existent, but in general it appears that these species would not be persistent in aquatic environments, with half-lives estimated to be less than a few months at 20°C.
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Juretic, Daria, Hrvoje Kusic, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, and Ana Loncaric Bozic. "Environmental aspects of photooxidative treatment of phenolic compounds." Journal of Hazardous Materials 262 (November 2013): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.060.

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Franchini, I., and A. Mutti. "Selected toxicological aspects of chromium(VI) compounds." Science of The Total Environment 71, no. 3 (June 1988): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90210-0.

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Donard, Olivier F. X., Fredrick T. Short, and James H. Weber. "Regulation of Tin and Methyltin Compounds by the Green Alga Enteromorpha under Simulated Estuarine Conditions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-018.

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The cycling of inorganic tin and methyltin compounds was examined in the presence of the green alga Enteromorpha at different salinities. We monitored flasks containing live and dead Enteromorpha under oxic experimental conditions for 17 d and determined inorganic tin and methyltin compounds by chromatography – atomic absorption spectrometry. Addition of acidic inorganic tin to some flasks resulted in plant decay. Processes associated with healthy and decaying plant material included release of inorganic tin and methyltin compounds, their interconversions in solution, and uptake of inorganic tin. Enteromorpha releases inorganic tin as well as mono-, di-, and trimethyltin. Added inorganic tin was mostly removed from solution after its addition, and all three methyltin compounds were produced. The methyltin compounds cycle such that high concentrations of trimethyltin were concomitant with low mono- and dimethyltin concentrations and vice versa. We describe possible biological and chemical processes responsible for interconversions of inorganic tin and methyltin compounds in solution and the environmental significance of seaweed in the biogeochemical cycling of tin.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Tin compounds"

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Yuan, Tao 1968. "Dechlorination of environmentally recalcitrant chlorinated aromatic compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79208.

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Chlorinated aromatic compounds are an important group of compounds. Many of them have been produced in large quantities and they are indispensable to technological and societal benefits. But regulatory agencies have tightened regulations on the use and release of chlorinated aromatic compounds because of the scientific understanding of their toxicity, persistence, behavior in the environment and their potential to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl are all highly chlorinated aromatic compounds, of which, PCP has been used mainly as a biocide. Octachloronaphthalene and decachlorobiphenyl don't have practical use, but their congeners have been used widely as chemicals in industry. These compounds are toxic, recalcitrant and bio-accumulated within organisms. As the conventional treatment, incineration of these compounds can cause more serious problems, so that suitable alternatives need to be developed for their detoxification.
When compared with biodegradation or the thermal treatment of these compounds, chemical degradations have several merits. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Jang, Eunseok. "Aspects of the chemistry of tin(IV) chalcogenide cyclic compounds containing sterically demanding amido ligands." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357883.

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Kabir, Anwar. "Dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds by zero-valent and bimetallic mixture." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31246.

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Organochlorine (OC) compounds that include several pesticides as well as an array of industrial chemicals were very efficacious for their intended use but were also characterized by deleterious environmental impacts when released either intentionally or inadvertently. Their lipophilic nature, long persistence in the environment and threat to human health caused all the developed countries to ban the production of these chemicals as well as restricted the use of formulations containing these material for food production.
A number of scientists have become involved in the development of intentional degradation methods/techniques for these compounds using zero-valent metals or bimetallic mixtures. To date, there is no single, simple and continuous procedure available to completely dechlorinate lindane or pentachlorophenol (PCP). This work describes the complete dechlorination of lindane and pentachlorophenol by zero-valent Zn, Fe and Fe/Ag bimetallic mixture as well as a supercritical fluid extraction technique for a more efficient mass transfer of the substrates to the surfaces of the metal catalyst. The dechlorination reaction occurs on the surface of metal particles with the removal of all the chlorine atoms from lindane and PCP in a matter of minute, and yields completely dechlorinated hydrocarbon molecules and chloride as products. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Turoczy, Nicholas John, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Adsorption and voltammetry of butyltin compounds." Deakin University, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.154112.

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The adsorption of tributyltin onto materials commonly used for the construction of sampling and analytical equipment from aqueous solutions of varying ionic composition has been examined. The adsorption appears to be controlled by non-polar interactions between tributyltin and the surface involved. Since the speciation and hence polarity of tributyltin is affected by the ionic composition of the medium, the extent of adsorption is affected by the salinity and pH of a sample. The adsorption is rapid and, unless strategies are adopted to eliminate its effects, may render analytical results invalid. The electrochemistry of tributyltin, dibutyltin and monobutyltin, individually and in mixtures, has been investigated in aqueous media at mercury electrodes. The basic electrochemistry of each compound is summarised by the reaction BunSn (4-n)+ + (4-n)e- right left harpoons BunSn where n is the number of butyl groups attached to the tin atom. However, the electrochemistry of each compound is largely confined to the surface of the mercury electrode, and the simplicity of the above reaction is disrupted by polymerisation reactions and by butyl exchange processes occurring with the mercury electrode. When mixtures of butyltin compounds are present, the various processes that occur for each individual compound interfere with each other. A direct voltaminetric method for the determination of butyltin compounds in natural waters is therefore probably not possible.
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Wong, Wing-sze, and 黃穎詩. "Water chemistry in the Kam Tin basin, natural and authropogenic influences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38605843.

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陳承欣 and Shing-yan Jackie Chan. "Environmental planning of new towns in Hong Kong: a case study : Tin Shui Wai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126072X.

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Ostertag, Sonja. "Estimated dietary exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112549.

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Perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), sulfonates (PFSs) and perfluoroalkylsulfonamides (PFOSAs) have been detected in whole blood and serum of non-occupationally exposed humans, yet sources of exposure have not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this study were to estimate dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), PFCAs (C7--C 11) and fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates (FTUCAs) for the general Canadian and Inuit populations prior to the phase-out of perfluorooctyl-sulfonyl production by 3M and voluntary reductions in PFOA emissions under the PFOA stewardship program. PFCs were measured in 65 archived composite food samples prepared for the 1998 Canadian Total Diet Study (TDS) and 68 archived traditional foods from Nunavut using a newly developed methanol extraction combined with a solid phase extraction clean up. Dietary exposure was estimated using food intake data available from studies carried out between 1997 and 1998 in southern Canada and Nunavut.
PFCs were detected in eight composite food samples from the Canadian TDS and in 61 traditional food samples. Elevated concentrations of PFCs were found in caribou liver (6.2+/-5.5 ng/g), ringed seal liver (7.7, 10.2 ng/g), polar bear meat (7.0 ng/g), beluga meat (7.0, 5.8 ng/g), luncheon meats (5.02 ng/g), cookies (2.7 ng/g), processed cheese (2.1 ng/g) and peppers (1.8 ng/g). Low levels of total PFCs (<1.5 ng/g) were measured in 41 traditional foods including: meat (caribou, ptarmigan, snow goose, bearded seal, walrus, black duck), berries, and fish (lake trout, arctic char). PFCs were not detected in beverages, unprocessed meats, breads, cereals and fruits from the TDS composite samples analyzed.
The ranges of estimated daily exposure to PFCs were between 2 and 59 ng-person-1 and 210 to 610 ng-person-1 for average Canadians and Inuit in Nunavut respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean PFC exposure levels for different age and gender groups in the general Canadian population. Inuit men in the 41 to 60 year old age group had statistically significantly higher estimated daily exposure to PFCs (p<0.05) than younger men and women from the same age group. This higher exposure was associated with the consumption of beluga muktuk, caribou liver and bearded seal intestine.
Traditional foods contributed a higher percentage to PFC exposure than market foods in all age and gender groups for the Inuit population. In general, caribou meat, arctic char meat and cookies contributed most to dietary exposure for Inuit, with caribou flesh contributing 43 to 75 percent to daily PFC dietary exposure. Dietary exposure for the general Canadian population was associated with the consumption of cakes and cookies, processed cheese, and regular cheese.
Levels of dietary exposure to PFCs estimated in these studies do not pose any significant health risk to either population based on current toxicological information.
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莊景彬 and King-pan Derek Chong. "Environmental and landscape improvements to the engineering orientatedSan Tin East Main Drainage Channel design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980818.

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Ho, King-yan, and 何景欣. "Ecological and human health risks associated with organotin contamination in the marine environment of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208427.

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Organotin compounds (OTs), in particular tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), have caused widespread adverse effects on marine organisms ever since their wide application as biocides in 1960s. For instance, TBT can induce the abnormal development of imposex in marine gastropods, and inhibit development and growth in oysters. A mandatory global ban on the use of OT-based antifouling systems, therefore, has been enacted by the International Maritime Organization to minimize their environmental impacts since September 2008. As a result, it is anticipated to see a reduction of OT contamination in the marine environment around the world. This study, therefore, primarily aims to test the hypothesis that there is a reduction of both OT contamination and its associated adverse impact to a common biomonitor, the rock shell Reishia clavigera along the coast in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China through a series of field-based investigations. Before the field study, a method was successfully developed to simultaneously quantify the concentrations of six common OTs (i.e., mono-BT, di-BT and TBT; mono-PT, di-PT and TPT) in molluscan tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These six compounds coexist in marine environments. They are highly toxic to marine organisms and are able to induce imposex in gastropods like R. clavigera. First, a territory-wide survey on tissue concentrations of the OTs and imposex status in R. clavigera collected from 28 coastal sites of Hong Kong was conducted in 2010. The results indicated that all female R. clavigera suffered from imposex, and all rock shells contained high TPT concentrations. A probabilistic ecological risk assessment revealed that 17.6% of R. clavigera across all sites were at risk due to exposure to TPT, whereas the risk associated with TBT was relatively low. The same species collected from Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay, Shenzhen also exhibited high tissue concentrations of TPT. Second, R. clavigera transplanted from relatively clean sites to polluted sites for six months showed increases in both imposex status and tissue concentration of OTs, confirming the association between OT contamination and imposex development. Third, a 25-month population dynamics study of R. clavigera showed a limited recruitment of the species in the polluted sites. To verify if the observed OT contamination was widespread to other marine species in Hong Kong waters, a survey on the tissue concentrations of OTs in 11 local seafood species was conducted. Among them, the tongue sole Paraplagusia blochii had the highest tissue concentration of total OTs, with TPT as the most abundant residue. Potential health risk for consuming this benthic fish species was identified as both hazard quotient of TPT and hazard index exceeded unity. The overall results demonstrate that the coastal marine environments in this region are still heavily contaminated with OTs especially TPT, and there is no obvious sign of recovery of R. clavigera populations. Hopefully, with further scientific investigations, both Hong Kong and China governments will take appropriate management actions to control the use and release of these priority pollutants with a view to safeguarding the marine ecosystem and human health in this region.
HKU 3 Minute Thesis Award, 2nd Runner-up (2013)
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Lau, Hoi-yin Melody, and 劉凱賢. "Environmental impacts and management of persistent organic pollutants in South China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43783867.

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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Tin compounds"

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Howe, Paul. Tin and inorganic tin compounds. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.

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Howe, Paul. Tin and inorganic tin compounds. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.

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Alzieu, Claude. L' etain et les organoétains en milieu marin: Biogéochimie et écotoxicologie. Plouzané, France: IFREMER, 1998.

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Kong bu de jia ting you du wu zhi. Xinbei Shi Zhonghe Qu: Ping guo wu chu ban she, 2010.

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Howe, Paul. Manganese and its compounds: Environmental aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

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S, Dobson, and World Health Organization, eds. Silver and silver compounds: Environmental aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002.

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Brochhagen, Franzkarl. Anthropogenic compounds. Berlin: Springer, 1991.

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Environmental chemistry. 3rd ed. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.

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O'Neill, Peter. Environmental chemistry. 3rd ed. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.

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Environmental chemistry. London: Chapman and Hall, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Tin compounds"

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Aguiar, Ivana, Daniela Oreggioni, and María E. Pérez Barthaburu. "Tin-Based Compounds for Water Remediation." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 281–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52421-0_11.

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Banu, Nasreen, Toshie Tsuchiya, and Rumi Sawada. "Effects of Tin Compounds on Human Chondrogenic Activity In Vitro." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 181–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9646-4_29.

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Ahmed, Saifuddin, Toshie Tsuchiya, and Rumi Sawada. "In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Tin Compounds on Normal Human Astrocytes." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 175–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9646-4_28.

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Vučinić, Slavica, Biljana Antonijević, and Dragica Brkić. "Occupational and Environmental Aspects of Organophosphorus Compounds." In Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds, 213–44. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5625-3_8.

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Hitchcock, Peter B., Eunseok Jang, and Michael F. Lappert. "Aspects of the Chemistry of Subvalent Organic Compounds of Germanium, Tin and Lead; Synthesis and Structures of the Bis{bis(trimethylsilyl)amido}tin(IV) Chalcogenides." In Main Group Elements and their Compounds, 328–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52478-3_29.

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Keller, Maureen D., and Wendy Korjeff-Bellows. "Physiological Aspects of the Production of Dimeyhtlsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by Marine Phytoplankton." In Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMSP and Related Sulfonium Compounds, 131–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0377-0_12.

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Revelsky, I. A., Y. S. Yashin, A. I. Revelsky, I. N. Glazkov, and O. V. Napalkova. "Fast Screening of Water and Organic Solution Samples for Polychlorinated Compounds: Microliquid Extraction and GC/MS." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 109–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_10.

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Alcaraz, Armando, and Brian D. Andresen. "Rapid Screening Methods to Isolate Proliferation Related Compounds from Suspect Samples Utilizing Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Technology." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 89–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_9.

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Jenkins, R. O., P. J. Craig, K. A. Francesconi, and C. F. Harrington. "Environmental and Biological Aspects of Organometallic Compounds." In Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry III, 603–61. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-045047-4/00178-3.

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Hassan, Amal I., and Hosam M. Saleh. "Environmental aspects of green nanoparticles synthesis." In Handbook of Greener Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Compounds, 449–62. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822446-5.00019-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Tin compounds"

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Veronda, Brenda, and Matthew Dingens. "The State of Permanganate With Relation to In Situ Chemical Oxidation." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7002.

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In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate had its beginnings over 10 years ago. Since that time, many sites have been successfully treated for organic compounds including chlorinated ethenes (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, etc.) phenols, explosives such as RDX, and many other organics. The successful application of ISCO with permanganate requires the integration of many site-specific factors into the remedial design. ISCO with permanganate is an effective technology, not only for its oxidative properties and persistence, but also for its application flexibility to remediate soil and groundwater. The merits of any type of treatment technology can be assessed in terms of effectiveness, ease of use, reaction rate, and cost. The use of permanganate for in-situ chemical oxidation results in the complete mineralization of TCE and PCE and can result in treatment levels below detection limits. Permanganate is a single component oxidizer, which is easily handled, mixed and distributed to the subsurface. Permanganate is also inexpensive to design and implement as compared to other technologies. This presentation will provide a general overview of the application and safety aspects of ISCO with permanganate. This paper will discuss the advantages and limitations of this technology, typical cost ranges, site evaluation and application technologies.
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2

Punanova, Svetlana. "ORE CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN NAPHTHIDES OF HYPERGENESIS ZONE: ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/17.

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The study examines the formation of secondary-altered crude oils associated with the processes of modern or ancient hypergenesis. As a result of geological processes during intense upward movement of the earth's crust, oil undergoes physical weathering, inorganic oxidation, washing out with water, biodegradation and sulfurization, and turn into heavy oils and hard bitumen. In zones of hypergenesis, the loss of light fractions occurs and the absolute concentration of trace elements (TE) associated with resinous-asphaltene components, such as V, Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, Cu, etc. sharply increases. In addition, oils absorb elements of variable valence (V, Fe, U) from low-salinity stratal waters. As a result of experimental studies on the interaction of oils with low mineralization waters, which are characteristic of hypergenesis zones, leaching of some elements (e.g., Zn) from oils and absorption of others from contacting waters (for example, concentrations of newly-formed organometallic compounds V and Fe increased by 1.3-12 times) were found. The author utilized the method of neutron-activation analysis to study the content of TE in oils and natural bitumens of the Volga-Ural, Timan-Pechora, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and etc. Ore-level concentration values were found, for example: 180-1162 ppm for V and up to 100 ppm for Ni in the oils of the Melekess depression in Tatarstan, and 940 ppm for V and 130 ppm for Ni in the oils of Kazakhstan deposits. Classification of oils by the content of “biogenic” elements V, Ni, Fe and by physical and chemical properties revealed significant differences of hypergene-altered oils in the general cycle of genesis of naphthides. Deposits of secondarily-altered oils are found in a wide stratigraphic range in oil and gas basins of various geostructural types in traps of the combined morphology – lithologically and tectonically shielded. During the development of oil deposits that contain high concentrations of TE, it is necessary to take into account ecological aspects. The environmental aspect is due to the fact that many metals contained in oils – V, Ni, Cd, As, Hg, U, etc. belong to highly toxic compound chemicals.
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Denton, Mark S., and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Innovative Highly Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium Utilizing a Newly Developed Class of Inorganic Ion Specific Media." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16221.

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Highly selective removal of Cesium and Strontium is critical for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Cesium-137 is a beta-gamma emitter and Strontium-90 is a beta emitter with respective half-lives of 30 and 29 years. Both elements are present at many nuclear sites. Cesium and Strontium can be found in wastewaters at Washington State’s Hanford Site, as well as in wastestreams of many Magnox reactor sites. Cesium and Strontium are found in the Reactor Coolant System of light water reactors at nuclear power plants. Both elements are also found in spent nuclear fuel and in high-level waste (HLW) at DOE sites. Cesium and Strontium are further major contributors to the activity and the heat load. Therefore, technologies to extract Cesium and Strontium are critical for environmental remediation waste treatment and dose minimization. Radionuclides such as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are key drivers of liquid waste classification at light water reactors and within the DOE tank farm complexes. The treatment, storage, and disposal of these wastes represents a major cost for nuclear power plant operators, and comprises one of the most challenging technology-driven projects for the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program. Extraction technologies to remove Cesium and Strontium have been an active field of research. Four notable extraction technologies have been developed so far for HLW: solvent extraction, prussian blue, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and organic ion-exchangers (e.g., resorcinol formaldehyde and SuperLig). The use of one technology over another depends on the specific application. For example, the waste treatment plant (WTP) at Hanford is planning on using a highly-selective organic ion-exchange resin to remove Cesium and Strontium. Such organic ion-exchangers use molecular recognition to selectively bind to Cesium and Strontium. However, these organic ion-exchangers are synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The associated cost to synthesize organic ion-exchangers is prohibitive and seriously limits the scope of applications for organic ion-exchangers. Further issues include resin swelling, potential hydrogen generation and precluding final disposal by vitrification without further issues. An alternative to these issues of organic ion-exchangers is emerging. Inorganic ion-exchangers offer a superior chemical, thermal and radiation stability which is simply not achievable with organic compounds. They can be used to remove both Cesium as well as Strontium with a high level of selectivity under a broad pH range. Inorganic ion-exchangers can operate at acidic pH where protons inhibit ion exchange in alternative technologies such as CST. They can also be used at high pH which is typically found in conditions present in many nuclear waste types. For example, inorganic ion-exchangers have shown significant Strontium uptake from pH 1.9 to 14. In contrast to organic ion-exchangers, inorganic ion-exchangers are not synthesized via complex multi-step organic synthesis. Therefore, inorganic ion-exchangers are substantially more cost-effective when compared to organic ion-exchangers as well as CST. Selective removal of specified isotopes through ion exchange is a common and proven treatment method for liquid waste, yet various aspects of existing technologies leave room for improvement with respect to both cost and effectiveness. We demonstrate a novel class of inorganic ion-exchangers for the selective removal of cesium and strontium (with future work planned for uranium removal), the first of a growing family of patent-pending, potentially elutable, and paramagnetic ion-exchange materials [1]. These highly selective inorganic ion-exchangers display strong chemical, thermal and radiation stability, and can be readily synthesized from low-cost materials, making them a promising alternative to organic ion-exchange resins and crystalline silicotitanate (CST). By nature, these inorganic media lend themselves more readily to volume reduction (VR) by vitrification without the issues faced with organic resins. In fact, with a simple melting of the KMS-1 media at 650–670 deg. C (i.e., well below the volatilization temperature of Cs, Sr, Mn, Fe, Sb, etc.), a VR of 4:1 was achieved. With true pyrolysis at higher temperatures or by vitrification, this VR would be much higher. The introduction of this new family of highly specific ion-exchange agents has potential to both reduce the cost of waste processing, and enable improved waste-classification management in both nuclear power plants (for the separation of Class A from B/C wastes) and DOE tank farms [for the separation of low level waste (LLW) from high level waste (HLW)]. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a novel inorganic ion-exchanger for the selective removal of Cesium and Strontium. These inorganic ion-exchangers are chemical, thermal and radiation stable. These inorganic ion-exchangers can be synthesized in a cost-effective way which makes them significantly more effective than organic ion-exchange resin and CST. Finally, new thermal options are afforded for their final volume reduction, storage and disposal.
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Lunghi, P., and R. Burzacca. "Gasification and Fuel Cell Integration With Bottoming Turbine Cycle: Performances of a Hybrid Plant for Electricity Production." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1740.

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The increasing need of energy resources along with the growing environmental interest promote the creation of new concepts in the field of energy production and management strategies. The development of high temperature fuel cells, suitable for stationary energy production, is one of the most promising aspects, able to bring a significant change in the power generation scenario. One of the most important features for fuel cells is the potential coupling with advanced gasification systems, thus enabling the possibility of energy recovery from waste, RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and biomass. The gasification process transfers the energetic value of the original solid fuel to a gaseous product rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, and other compounds. A post-gasification treatment removes tars, particulates, impurities and makes the gas suitable for power production in a fuel cell unit. In this work an example of an innovative plant for biomass utilization has been considered. The plant includes a gasification section and a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell unit, coupled with a hot gas cleanup system. For gasification technology, a recent typology was considered involving an indirect heating system such as the Battelle process. Gaseous streams conveyed to the cell after the conditioning processes were considered. In order to achieve higher efficiencies, a bottoming cycle has been added. It comprises a turbine power plant integrated with the gasification and fuel cell lay-out. In the turbine cycle air is compressed in the operating pressure and internally heated by the waste heat of the fuel cell and of the gasification process. The expanded air is then used in the combustion reactor of the gasification system. The proposed plant allows high electric efficiency and high flexibility in choosing for air compression ratio and unit size; sensitivity analyses were performed.
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Wagner, Paul, Kris Ravi, and Michael Prohaska. "Real-Time Monitoring of the Effect of CO2 on the Cement Sheath." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200931-ms.

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Abstract Global warming is one of the most significant issues the world is facing. Capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or industrial processes and storing it in geological formations (carbon capture and storage, CCS) can help counteract climate change. Nevertheless, the interaction between well barrier elements such as cement, casing, tubulars, packers, and valves can lead to possible leakages. To accomplish successful carbon dioxide sequestration, injecting the carbon dioxide in its supercritical state is necessary. The supercritical carbon dioxide can corrode steel and elastomers and react with the calcium compounds in the cement, dissolving them and forming calcium carbonate and bicarbonate in the process. This carbonation can lead to channels forming on the cement-to-rock interface or cracking due to the carbonate precipitation, resulting in a loss of well integrity. This study focusses on finding ways that enable the continuous monitoring of cement integrity, under in-situ conditions, in a lab setup. The construction of an autoclave, capable of withstanding supercritical conditions of carbon dioxide, facilitates the in-situ monitoring. This autoclave also makes CT-scans of the pressurized sample possible, as well as acoustic measurements, using state-of-the-art piezo elements. The first tests will establish a baseline using neat Class G Portland cement to verify the design and sensors. The set up consists of a rock core in the middle of the autoclave surrounded by a cement sheath. A prepared channel in the center of the core expedites the distribution of the carbon dioxide. Once the ability of the sensors to monitor the integrity is verified, different cement compositions and their interaction with supercritical carbon dioxide can be studied. The experimental setup and the procedure discussed here closely simulate the downhole condition. Hence, the results obtained using this setup and procedure is representative of what could be observed downhole. The direction is not to remove the sample from the autoclave for analysis, as is the current industry practice, but to measure cement integrity under in-situ conditions over an extended period of time. Digitalization is powering the in-situ analysis in these tests. The first two tests of this study, using the afore mentioned autoclave, investigated the carbonation behaviour of two Class G Portland cement slurrys, one with a low and one with a high slurry-density. The low-density slurry showed extensive degradation and even the high-density slurry showed carbonation, but only close to the sandstone core. The results from this study can lead to the prevention of leakage of carbon dioxide to the environment and other formations, which defeats the purpose of carbon dioxide sequestration. These results should improve the economics of these wells as well as the health, safety, and environmental aspects.
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