Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

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Gour, Anunay A., and S. K. Singh. "Solid Waste Management in India: A State-of-the-Art Review." Environmental Engineering Research 28, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 220249–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2022.249.

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This paper presents the current scenario of solid waste management aspects and its challenges in India, which will benefit developing and low-income countries. The leading cause of waste generation is the growing population and the new lifestyle due to the increased per capita income. Consequently, the magnitude of solid waste is continuously growing along with its compositional diversity. In earlier days, the wastes were organic and could be disposed of in low-lying areas conveniently without causing any adverse impact on the environment. But today, the organic fraction of waste has steeply declined while the inorganic portion has increased manifold. Moreover, wastes from industries, hospitals, construction sites, households, and many other sources severely affect the environment and public health. Also, the chemicals generated from the improper disposal of these wastes enter the air, soil, and water resources, causing hazardous and toxic effects in countries that could not implement the adopted policy framework strictly. A state-of-the-art review is conducted in this paper to further search other primary and prevalent reasons behind the inability of proper waste management and to find a real solution.
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Antoninova, N. Yu, L. S. Rybnikova, Yu O. Slavikovskaya, and L. A. Shubina. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Selecting Reclamation Directions for Industrial Mining and Metallurgical Waste Disposal Sites." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1S/2022 (March 16, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77.

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Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.
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Petropavlovskaya, V. B., S. V. Artamonova, E. O. Shchipanskaya, E. A. Ratkevich, and K. S. Petropavlovskii. "Environmental management in ash and slag waste management in Russia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012135.

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Abstract The article provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental management in waste management: environmental pollution due to an increase in waste disposal volumes, operation of environmentally hazardous waste, ash deposition, a low level of involvement of recycled waste disposal sites as a valuable secondary resource in economic circulation. The process of processing ash waste from coal-fired TPPs has been investigated as an aspect of environmental safety. Today’s planners are working to develop a waste management strategy for waste ash from coal-fired power plants in order to find out how to properly and efficiently use the waste. As a result of their efforts, fly ash is used very effectively and economically in construction technology, agriculture, etc.
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Sarasati, Yuliana, R. Azizah, Zia Azuro Zuhairoh, Lilis Sulistyorini, Corie Indria Prasasti, and Mohd Talib Latif. "Analysis of Potential Waste-to-Energy Plant in Final Waste Disposal Sites iIn Indonesia Towards SDGs 2030 (A Literature Review)." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 13, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i1.2021.24-34.

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Introduction: Waste processing in Final Disposal Sites (FDS) in Indonesia is still dominated by open dumping. This condition causes health and environmental problems and inhibits the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Waste is biomass that can be converted into electrical energy through the Waste-to-Energy Plant (WtE Plant) installation. This article aimed to illustrate the potential of WtE Plant in the FDS in Indonesia in supporting the achievement of SDGs 2030. Discussion: Most waste in the FDS are dominated by organic waste with the highwater content of 60-70% but have a calorific value almost equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. Most studies show the WtE Plant uses a thermal method (incinerator) than other technologies because it has a superior value in the technical aspects (easy operation and high generated energy around 9.86%), economy aspects (medium investment value, but high profit with moderate payback period around 6.5 years) environmental aspects (reduction of waste up to 70-80% and emissions), and lower public health impacts than those produced by open dumping and coal systems. For environmentally safe optimal results, it is necessary to reduce wastewater content, increase pollution control units, and implement an integrated monitoring system. Conclusion: The implementation of WtE Plant can accelerate to achieve the SDGs 2030, especially the 7th, 8th, 12th, and 13th goals concerning clean and affordable energy, decent jobs and economic growth, responsible consumption and production, and addressing climate change, respectively.
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Carvalho, Joana, André Ribeiro, Jorge Araújo, and Fernando Castro. "Technical Aspects of Adsorption Process onto an Innovative Eggshell-Derived Low-Cost Adsorbent." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.648.

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As the current global trend towards more stringent environmental standards, technical applicability and cost-effectiveness became key factors in the selection of adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment. Recently, various low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste, industrial by-products or natural materials, have been intensively investigated. In this respect, the eggshells from egg-breaking operations constitute significant waste disposal problems for the food industry, so the development of value-added by-products from this waste is to be welcomed. The egg processing industry is very competitive, with low profit margins due to global competition and cheap imports. Additionally, the costs associated with the egg shell disposal (mainly on landfill sites) are significant, and expected to continue increasing as landfill taxes increase. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the development of low-cost adsorbents derived from eggshell by-products.
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Osazee, Iyenoma ThankGod, and Bhaskar Sen Gupta. "Environmental Consequences of Poor Landfill Management." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 2, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.2.117.

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Landfill is a popular method of waste disposal in many countries due to its relatively low of costs of operation. The offensive aspect of the method is improper removal or disposal of the waste, which has resulted in avoidable sicknesses, diseases and preventable deaths. Carbon dioxide and methane are the two main gases emitted from landfill sites; municipal solid waste issue accounts for almost 5% of total greenhouse gas emissions and methane from landfills accounts for 12% of the total quantity of global methane emissions. Landfills can be put to sustainable use by employing it to produce energy from waste whenever is feasible and it has the capacity to generate revenue. Furthermore, many advanced waste treatment technologies have been developed which received commendable attention in developed countries and are evolving in developing countries. Landfill gas-to-energy is viable economically and for control of methane emissions and effective management of time, costs and quality with minimum risks to humans and the environment.
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Mahler, Claudio F., and Paulo M. Loureiro. "Quality Index in the Environmental Management System in Urban Solid Waste Landfills - IQS." Soils and Rocks 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.321039.

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The article consists of the application of a new rating methodology for final disposal of urban solid waste (USW) by evaluating the conformity of geotechnical and environmental aspects during the implementation and operating processes. The IQS was proposed when introducing the concepts of Environmental Management, in accordance with ISO 14001, to the Landfill Quality Index (IQA) (Faria, 2002), developed from the Waste Quality Index (IQA) proposed by CETESB (2005). The study focused on the implementing and operating processes, as well as on the control of impacts on the environment and on pollution prevention. Fifteen sites were assessed to confirm the hypothesis. They were rated as inadequate, controlled, adequate and environmental conditions, in accordance with indices obtained with intervals between zero and ten points. It could, therefore, be concluded that in an inventory of rating USW disposal landfills, the use of ISO 14000 as an analytical tool may be extremely helpful to enhance assessment methods. Moreover, environmental management concepts contribute to reducing environmental pollution and, consequently, the associated environmental impacts.
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MAREŠ, Kryštof, Denisa MAREŠOVÁ, Tatiana ALEXIOU-IVANOVA, Yayan SATYAKTI, and Adrian FURCULIȚA. "MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA: IS INCINERATION THE RIGHT WAY TO TREAT YOUR WASTE?" Știința Agricolă, no. 1 (August 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55505/sa.2022.1.11.

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Globally, the most used waste treatment method is landfilling, although (improper) landfilling, which is typical for developing countries, has no material or energy recovery possibility compared with other treatment methods. In Indonesia, open dumping on final disposal sites covers most of the treated waste, which is an even worse method than landfilling in terms of environmental issues. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of the waste-to-energy solution/waste incineration approach for proper and sustainable waste management in Bandung. A big issue of municipal solid waste is the organic portion of waste, as most emissions and pollution come from organic waste and improper handling. A specific objective is to conduct the risk analysis of an incineration plant model and to compare the environmental impact of incineration vs landfilling. The input data for the assessment will be obtained from the laboratory analyses of solid waste samples collected from the Sarimukti disposal site. The lab analyses will comprise the determination of fractional composition (biodegradable and non-biodegradable compounds like food waste, paper, textiles, plastics) and physico-chemical properties (such as moisture content, calorific values, trace elements). The research will also include general calculations of energy balance and economic costs of the incineration plant. Thus, the selected criteria will assess the following aspects of the incineration plant model: technical, environmental, social, energy, and economic.
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Rajkovic, Milos. "Classification of phosphogypsum as a waste material from the aspect of environmental protection." Chemical Industry 58, no. 1 (2004): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0401026r.

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Phosphogypsum is primarily classified as a heavy waste. The classification of phosphogypsum as dangerous waste may be only maintained under the condition that phosphates with the highest content of radio nuclides are used in the production of H3PO4 by the so called "wet procedure" (Morocco, Florida), which, due to the great quantity of present radio nuclides, causes considerable environmental pollution by radon. The classification of phosphogypsum as a separate category of radioactive waste may be conditionally accepted, because phosphogypsum is not a radioactive waste. All the instructions about the collection, documentation and storage of phosphogypsum so far on disposal sites, and possible transport, also due to non-existing legal recommendations must comply with the classification of phosphogypsum as dangerous waste.
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Kulakov, V. V., and V. E. Pasichnikov. "Geoecological conditions of the Khabarovsk agglomeration for construction waste disposal." Earth sciences and subsoil use 45, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2022-45-3-275-284.

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This research is aimed at the geoecological assessment of the territory of the Khabarovsk agglomeration in terms of location possibility of construction and demolition waste or recycling of the latter, as well as the environmental impact of the waste. The annual volume of construction waste generation in Khabarovsk is 407.5 thousand tons (326.9 thousand m3). All waste from the construction sector of the Khabarovsk agglomeration is sent to landfills. The study territory distinguishes two areas: the one of the flood plain and above-floodplain terraces of the Amur river in the western part, which is flooded in the periods of high and catastrophic floods and features unfavorable geoecological conditions, and the area on the right bank of the Amur river in the eastern part of the territory with urban development where the groundwater levels exceed 2 m. In the course of the study, the authors identified the potential locations of the construction waste recycling complex and considered the possibility of arranging a site for temporary storage of raw materials having given the rationale for this choice. The methods applicable in the field of waste recycling under the formation of the construction and demolition waste processing industry are described. The potential of using waste as material resources as well as the environmental aspects of waste recycling in the form of building materials are evaluated. It is noted that by 2030, the carbon footprint will be 116.8 thousand tons of carbon dioxide as a result of waste disposal at municipal solid waste landfills. To reduce the carbon footprint (carbon dioxide emissions) during the construction works involving concrete and bituminous concrete it is justified the use of processed aggregates based on recycled crushed stone. The sites favorable for the placement of construction waste recycling enterprises have been identified during the survey of the city. They are located outside the existing and prospective urban and industrial development, as well as outside the zones of specially protected natural areas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

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Massmann, Joel Warren. "Groundwater contamination from waste-management sites : the interaction between risk-based engineering design and regulatory policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27451.

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This dissertation puts in place a risk-cost-benefit analysis for waste management facilities that explicitly recognizes the adversarial relationship that exists in a regulated market economy between the owner-operator of the facility and the government regulatory agency under whose terms the facility must be licensed. The risk-cost-benefit analysis is set up from the perspective of the owner-operator. It can be used directly by the owner-operator to assess alternative design strategies. It can also be used by the regulatory agency to assess alternative regulatory policies, but only in an indirect manner, by examining the response of an owner-operator to the stimuli of various policies. The objective function is written in terms of a discounted stream of benefits, costs, and risks over an engineering time horizon. Benefits are in terms of revenues for services provided; costs are those of construction and operation of the facility. Risk is defined as the expected cost associated with failure, with failure defined as a groundwater contamination event that violates the licensing requirements set forth by the regulatory agency. Failure requires a breach of the containment structure and contaminant migration through the hydrogeological environment to a compliance surface. Reliability theory is used to estimate the probability of breaching and Monte Carlo finite-element simulations are used to simulate advective contaminant transport. The hydraulic conductivity values in the hydrogeological environment are defined stochastically. The probability of failure is reduced by the presence of a monitoring network established by the owner-operator. The level of reduction in the probability of failure can be calculated from the stochastic contaminant transport simulations. While the framework is quite general, the development in this dissertation is specifically suited for a landfill in which the primary design feature is one or more synthetic liners and in which contamination is brought about by the release of a single, nonreactive species in an advective, steady-state, horizontal flow field. The risk cost benefit analysis is applied to 1) an assessment of the relative worth of alternative containment-construction activities, site-investigation activities, and monitoring activities available to the owner-operator, 2) an assessment of alternative policy options available to the regulatory agency, and 3) two case histories. Sensitivity analyses designed to address the first issue show that the allocation of resources by the owner-operator is sensitive to the stochastic parameters that describe the hydraulic conductivity field at a site. For the cases analyzed, the installation of a dense monitoring network is of less value to the owner-operator than a more conservative containment design. Sensitivity analyses designed to address the second issue suggest that from a regulatory perspective, design standards should be more effective than performance standards in reducing risk, and design specifications on the containment structure should be more effective than those on the monitoring network. Performance bonds posted before construction have a greater potential to influence design than prospective penalties to be imposed at the time of failure. Sitting on low-conductivity deposits is a more effective method of risk reduction than any form of regulatory influence. Results of the case histories indicate that the methodology can be successfully applied at field sites, and that the risks associated with groundwater contamination may be small when compared to the owner-operators' benefits and costs.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Lin, Wing-hong, and 連永康. "Solid waste transfer stations in Hong Kong: acritical review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254664.

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Wang, Fang. "Ecotoxicological quality assessment of sediments in Guiyu, an electronic waste disposal site in Southeast China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/809.

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Nascimento, Victor Fernandez. "Modeling environmental susceptibility of municipal solid waste disposal sites in regional scale." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/04.10.17.59.

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The world population is increasing and since the last decade is considered predominantly urban. The enormous population growth is causing changes in the Earth System that can have serious and lasting consequences. Anthropogenic activities in urban areas are always associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) production. Currently, the MSW generation in the world does not favor an appropriate use of natural resources and the large amount of MSW generated exceeds the capacity of the environment to decompose and recycle these wastes through natural processes. Properly managing this MSW is a global environmental challenge. The improper Municipal solid waste disposal (MSWD) locally cause environmental impacts, such as contamination of soil and water sources, and also globally cause environmental impacts, such as increase of Greenhouse gases (GHG) due to methane emissions. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) through the environmental susceptibility analysis of Municipal solid waste disposal sites (MSWDS) in regional scale from an interdisciplinary overview. This thesis explored an innovative modeling approach using Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and Analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) coupled with Geographic information system (GIS) to develop an environmental impact susceptibility model (EISM) for MSWDS. The model was applied for the two most populous states and largest MSW generators in South and North America, São Paulo state and California state, respectively. The EISM considers factors such as geology, pedology, geomorphology, water resources, and climate represented by several sub-factors that vary according to the geographical characteristics of the area and data availability. The results of this thesis demonstrate that approximately half of MSW generated in California and São Paulo state is disposed in environmentally susceptible areas and can cause several impacts on the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. In summary, the EISM findings can help decision makers, landfill managers, and local governments develop control and mitigation measures against the occurrence of negative environmental impacts caused by MSWDS.
O aumento da população, que desde a última década é considerada predominantemente urbana, vem causando diversas mudanças no sistema terrestre. Atividades antropogênicas em áreas urbanas estão sempre associadas com a geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Atualmente, a taxa de geração dos RSU vem crescendo e gerenciar adequadamente estes resíduos é um desafio ambiental global. A disposição inadequada dos RSU causa diversos impactos ambientais locais como a contaminação dos solos e recursos hídricos, e globais como a geração do gás metano, que contribui para o efeito estufa. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos através da análise de suscetibilidade de impacto ambiental em locais de disposição final de RSU em escala regional, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Esta tese tratou de forma inovadora a elaboração de um modelo espacial, que utiliza análise multi critério de decisão e análise hierárquica de processos, acoplado a um sistema de informação geográfica para desenvolver uma ferramenta de avaliação da suscetibilidade a impactos ambientais em locais de disposição final de RSU. Este modelo foi aplicado para os dois estados mais populosos e maiores geradores de RSU da América do Sul e do Norte, respectivamente o estado de São Paulo, no Brasil, e o estado da Califórnia, nos EUA. O modelo leva em consideração fatores como geologia, pedologia, geomorfologia, recursos hídricos e clima e é representado por diversos subfatores que variam de acordo com as características geográficas da área e da disponibilidade de dados espaciais. Os resultados desta tese demonstram que aproximadamente metade dos RSU em São Paulo e na Califórnia é disposto em áreas suscetíveis a sofrer impactos ambientais, podendo causar diversos impactos ao sistema terrestre. Em conclusão, os resultados do modelo permitem que tomadores de decisão, gestores municipais e órgãos fiscalizadores, desenvolvam medidas de controle e mitigação contra a ocorrência de impactos ambientais causados pelos locais de disposição de RSU.
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Carolus, Vernon. "Waste and waste management in Breede Valley district." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/784.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007
The waste management that is taking place in the Breede Valley district focus mainly on disposal and end-of-pipe solutions. This approach resulted in serious negative impacts on the environment and human health. Improper waste management practices have become a major source of concern due to the risk associated with poor waste management in the area. Indiscriminate dumping of waste at street corners is very common. The basic waste management processes of collection, transport, segregation and [mal disposal appear to be very inefficient and inadequate. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of the waste stream as well as public awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards current and alternative waste management practices. A waste assessment study was conducted to determine the amount of waste generated by the different communities, as well as how much and what of the recyclables can be taken out of the waste stream by recycling. For this study data was obtained by formulation of questionnaires for businesses, communities and medical practitioners, as well as an interview with the Engineering Department of the Breede Valley Municipality about the current waste management situation in the area. From the data obtain from businesses, communities and medical facilities, it is clear that public participation, partnership, education and awareness is essential for effective integrated waste management. This study revealed that waste management practices are inefficient, uncontrolled and fragmented. This investigation shows that there is a huge difference between the different communities in terms of the volume of waste generation. The study also shows that waste related legislation is outdated and fragmented and there is no enforcement by municipal officials. The major Issues and challenges that affect the management of waste. include its organisational structure and lack of waste minimisation plans.
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Flanagan, Mark Steven. "Environmental and agronomic aspects of municipal solid waste heavy fraction used for turfgrass production." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134805/.

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Robinson, Janet E. "Hazardous waste treatment and disposal: alternative technologies and groundwater impacts." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91066.

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The most important thermal, chemical, physical, and biological methods for treating hazardous wastes and the fate of their land-disposed residues are reviewed and evaluated. Technologies are described as major, minor, and emerging according to their stage of development or application to hazardous waste; major ones include rotary kiln, liquid injection, and cement kiln incineration; neutralization, chemical oxidation-reduction, and ion exchange; filtration, distillation and settling techniques; and activated sludge, aerated lagoon, and landfarming treatment. Emerging technologies include molten salt and fluidized- bed combustion, liquid-ion extraction and other processes, none of which are considered to be outside the realm of current or future economic feasibility. In addition, waste reduction strategies and the land burial of stabilized/solidified wastes are discussed. Residues from these technologies vary widely according to waste type and composition, but a common component in many of them is heavy metals, which, as elements, cannot be further degraded to other products. The results of the available literature suggests that these metals will be retained in clay liners beneath a landfill through the mechanism of cation exchange, with the adsorption of metals favored by their smaller hydrated size, lower heat of hydration, and in some cases, higher valences than the naturally occurring alkali earth metals. Other important factors include ionic activity, the pH and ionic strength of the solution, the presence of complexing agents, and the possible surface heterogeneity of the clay. In soils, metal binding through cation exchange with clay is augmented by adsorption onto iron and manganese oxides and complexing with organic matter such as humic acids. Many field studies with landfarmed metal-bearing wastes show that these mechanisms are usually sufficient to retain metals to within several inches of their zone of application.
M.S.
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Mgwebi, Alicia Zoliswa. "Effects of poor solid waste management on sustainable development in informal settlement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021135.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of poor solid waste disposal on a sustainable environment/development in the Mzamomhle urban informal settlement. According to Coffey & Coad, (2010) informal or squatter urban communities pay no municipal taxes, because of their informal status, and this fact has often been used as the principal argument against providing these communities with municipal services.
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Thompson, Philip Blinn. "The spatial and temporal distribution of risks associated with low level radioactive waste disposal." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184415.

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The disposal of waste is a growing environmental, political, and economic problem. Low level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal is no exception. The major purposes of this dissertation are to examine the economic tradeoffs which arise in the process of LLW disposal and to derive a framework within which the impact of these tradeoffs on LLW disposal policy can be analyzed. There are two distinct stages in the disposal of LLW--the transportation of the waste from sources to disposal sites and the disposal of the waste. The levels of costs and risks associated with these two stages depend on the number and location of disposal sites. Having more disposal sites results in lower transportation costs and risks but also in greater disposal costs and risks. The tradeoff between transportation costs and risks can also be viewed as a tradeoff between present and future risks. Therefore, an alteration in the spatial distribution of LLW disposal sites necessarily implies a change in the temporal distribution of risks. These tradeoffs are examined in this work through the use of a transportation model to which probabilistic radiation exposure constraints are added. Future (disposal) risks are discounted. The number and capacities of LLW disposal sites are varied in order to derive a series of system costs and corresponding expected cancers. This provides policymakers with a cost vs. cancers possibility function. The marginal cost of reducing cancers by changing the number and location of disposal sites is calculated. A possible policy application of this information is illustrated by comparing these costs to an assumed value of life derived from experimental evidence found in the literature. A tentative conclusion is reached that the current movement toward a system of regional LLW disposal sites may be economically suboptimal.
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com, harriehofstede@yahoo, and Henricus T. Hofstede. "Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost." Murdoch University, 1994. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060815.143422.

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Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost. Due to the adverse environmental impact of landfills and the lack of space for nearby population centres an unprecedented interest has developed in waste recycling with the objective to reduce the volume of waste disposed. Generally organic matter represents the largest fraction in the domestic waste stream including food, garden and paper waste. In the past efforts have been made to process this organic fraction into muniapal compost.However contamination of the compost with heavy metals has in many cases resulted in the lack of suitable markets and subsequent closure of compost facilities. A study was undertaken and aimed at reducing the concentration and mobility of heavy metals in municipal compost. Bauxite refining residue ha; a high capacity to immobilise metals in soils through precipitation, cation exchange and chemisorption (Fe- and Al- oxides). The first step in the study was to assess the metal adsorption capacity of red mud by equilibrating red mud with metal solutions. Metal removal from solution proved very high. Subsequently, the effect of red mud addition to municipal compost was studied in relation to metal mobility. In particular the interaction of metals with the mobile soluble organic fraction, the humic and fulvic acids, was investigated. It was found that most metals remained in the insoluble humin fraction and the metals in solution remained complexed to the soluble organic fraction. Red mud appeared to be able to adsorp fulvic and humic acids and thus indirectly immobilise the metals in solution. Red mud did not appear to be able to transfer metals from the organic fraction to the mineral red mud fraction. ft was kypothesised that, in order for the metals to be adsorped to red mud, the red mud needed to be present in the organic waste prior to composting. Metal adsorption to red mud is a rapid chemical reaction while metal complexation to the organic fraction takes a number of weeks, since it must be sufficiently oxidised to contain functional groups. In order to verify this hypothesis, an installation with seven incubators was developed which allowed composting to be undertaken under computer controlled conditions and monitored for temperature, airflow and carbon dioxide respiration. The incubators were filled with 10 kg of a mixture of grass clippings and sawdust. The first incubator functioned as a control. The contents of the rest of the incubators were spiked with the following metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. In addition the contents of the 3rd - 7th incubators were amended with an increasing percentage of red mud, respectively 10,20,25,30 and 40 % by weight. After the mixture was composted, the metal mobility was reduced by approx. 80 - 99 %, depending on the metal. The mobility was assessed as leachable and plant available in relation to the total metal content. Red mud did not affect the composting process if < 40% red mud was added. The next step was to compost municipal organic waste in a pilot plant (capacity 5 m3) using batches with and without red mud. Mixed waste was collected from 150 households and the glass, metal and plastic fractions were removed bx- manual sorting. The rest was composted. The red mud - compost had a relatively lower metal content and a reduced metal mobility compared to compost without red mud. The red mud - compost also had a 300 times higher pH buffer capacity and 90%less soluble organic matter. The addition of red mud prior to composting was found to reduce the concentration and mobility of metals in compost, improve the quality of compost as a soil conditioner, increased the resistance of the organic fraction against further breakdown and this process thus adds value to both red mud and organic waste.
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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

1

Corporation, Ontario Waste Management. Environmental assessment for a waste management system. [Toronto]: Ontario Waste Management Corporation, 1988.

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L, Clesceri Nicholas, ed. Waste sites as biological reactors: Characterization and modeling. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 2003.

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Corporation, Ontario Waste Management. Executive summary of the Ontario Waste Management Corporation Environmental assessment for a waste management system. [Toronto]: Ontario Waste Management Corporation, 1988.

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Winograd, Isaac Judah. Archaeology and public perception of a transscientific problem: Disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Winograd, Isaac Judah. Archaeology and public perception of a transscientific problem: Disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone. Reston, VA: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. New England Division. Monitoring at the New London Disposal Site, 1992-1998. Waltham, MA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, 2001.

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Winograd, Isaac Judah. Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem: Disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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U.S. Dept. of Energy. Environmental assessment Hanford Environmental Compliance Report, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington. Washington, D.C: The Dept., 1992.

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Tucci, Patrick. Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Šebenik, Igor. Pokrajinske značilnosti manjših neurejenih odlagališč odpadkov v Sloveniji: Z zasnovo akcijskega načrta ureditve in oceno tveganja onesnaženja podzemnih voda = Characteristics of small, improperly managed waste dumps in Slovenia : with a concept of an action plan for a sanitation and an assessment of risk for underground water polution [sic]. Ljubljana: Inštitut za geografijo, Univerze v Ljubljani, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

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Azarovа, Svetlana V., Tatiana V. Usmanova, and Antonina M. Mezhibor. "Environmental Problems of Mining Waste Disposal Sites in Russia." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 59–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/398_2018_17.

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Rowe, R. Kerry, and John R. Booker. "New theoretical models for waste disposal sites with clay liners." In Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, 409–19. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211051-40.

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Loguercio-Polosa, R., C. G. Piccinni, and N. Sciacovelli. "Integration of Knowledge from Disparate Data Sources for Detecting Uncontrolled and Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites." In Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies IV, 749–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1874-3_52.

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"Environmental management." In Geotechnical and Environmental Aspects of Waste Disposal Sites. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833551.ch4.

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"Landfill engineering." In Geotechnical and Environmental Aspects of Waste Disposal Sites. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833551.ch1.

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"Contaminated land." In Geotechnical and Environmental Aspects of Waste Disposal Sites. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833551.ch2.

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"Tailings." In Geotechnical and Environmental Aspects of Waste Disposal Sites. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833551.ch3.

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"Geological Aspects for Assessment, Clean-up, and Siting of Waste Disposal Sites." In Environmental Hydrogeology, 27–42. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420055023-5.

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Muter, Olga, Laila Dubova, Oleg Kassien, Jana Cakane, and Ina Alsina. "Application of the Sewage Sludge in Agriculture: Soil Fertility, Technoeconomic, and Life-Cycle Assessment." In Hazardous Waste Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104264.

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Disposal of sewage sludge, which is a by-product of wastewater treatment, has become one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Conversion of sewage sludge to a soil amendment can be performed by a broad spectrum of methods, which greatly differ by substrate/amendment composition, treatment time, and physicochemical conditions. The book chapter is focused on (i) environmental and legislative aspects of sewage sludge application in agriculture; (ii) risk factors related to the abundance of pathogens in sewage sludge and methods of SS hygienization; (iii) optimization of the use of SS-derived fertilizers. Application of sewage sludge in combination with mineral fertilizers positively influenced crop growth and soil microbiological activity. An environmental impact of sewage sludge related to its disposal to agricultural areas has been analyzed in terms of global warming, ecotoxicity, and other internationally recognized issues. Narrowly targeted measures may aggravate the situation. Some site-specific factors make sewage sludge unique, hence this specificity must be considered to predict the outcome of its treatment. Determination of these factors remains challenging. Therefore, the complexity of sewage sludge can be reduced by employing integrated biorefinery approaches that will result in circular bioeconomy and industrial ecology solutions.
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"Environmental Aspects and Waste Disposal." In Water-Based Chemicals and Technology for Drilling, Completion, and Workover Fluids, 251–70. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802505-5.00006-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

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McClelland, Paul, Frank Dennis, and Mark Liddiard. "Practical Implementation of National Clearance Levels at Dounreay." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4629.

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Clearance is a very important part of any effective waste management strategy for both operating and decommissioning nuclear facilities. Radioactive waste disposal capacity is becoming an increasingly valuable resource and costs for disposal of radioactive wastes continue to dramatically rise. Considerable cost savings may be realised by efficient segregation of essentially non-radioactive material from radioactive wastes. The release of these materials from licensed nuclear sites for disposal, reuse or recycle without further regulatory controls is commonly referred to by the nuclear industry as “clearance”. Although much effort has been directed at establishing national clearance levels, below which, materials may be released without further regulatory controls, there is little practical guidance regarding implementation into local waste management programmes. Compliance with regulatory clearance limits is a relatively straightforward technical exercise involving appropriate management control and monitoring of the material. Whilst this is sufficient to avoid prosecution for breach of regulatory requirements, it is not sufficient to avoid a myriad of political and public relations land mines. When material is unconditionally released, unless additional attention is given to management of its future destination off-site, it may end up anywhere. The worst nightmare for a waste manager at a nuclear site is headlines in local and national newspapers such as, “RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSED IN LOCAL MUNICIPAL LANDFILL,” or, “RADIOACTIVE WASTE USED AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR CHILDRENS PLAYGROUND,” etc. Even if the material were released legally, the cost of recovering from such a situation is potentially very large, and such public relations disasters could threaten to end the clearance programme at the given site, if not nationally. This paper describes how national regulatory clearance levels have been implemented for the decommissioning of the Dounreay nuclear site in the far north of Scotland. It specifically focuses on the management of public relations aspects of clearance in order to limit the exposure to non-regulatory pressures and liabilities associated with clearance programmes from nuclear sites. The issues are put into context for uncontaminated wastes, trace contaminated wastes and management of contaminated land.
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Case, G. G., and R. L. Zelmer. "Comparative Experiences in Environmental Remediation of LLR Waste Sites in Diverse Canadian Environments." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4846.

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A variety of sites contaminated with legacy low-level radioactive (LLR) waste materials have been identified across Canada. Many of these sites, associated with former radium and uranium refining and processing operations, are located in urbanized areas of southern Ontario. However, other sites have been discovered at more remote locations in Canada, including northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. The diversity of waste froms, ranging from pitchblende ore and processing wastes, to discarded luminescent products, combined with construction and transportation logistical issues encountered at these sites, present ongoing challenges for the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO) to overcome in meeting its mandate to resolve these legacy problems. Since its establishment in 1982, the federal government’s LLRWMO has operated programs to characterize and delineate contaminated historic waste sites across Canada. These programs have included undertaking property decontaminations, waste consolidation and interim storage projects at many sites, and participating with federal and provincial government departments and local communities to consider long-term storage and disposal opportunities. This paper compares four specific environmental remediation programs conducted by the LLRWMO within diverse Canadian settings found at Port Hope and Toronto (southern Ontario), Fort McMurray (northern Alberta), and Vancouver (west coast of British Columbia). Contaminant characterization and delineation, and remediation plan design and implementation aspects of these individual programs span the time period from the early 1980s through to 2002. The individual programs dealt with a variety of legacy waste forms that contained natural radioactive materials such as radium-226, total uranium, total thorium and thorium-230, as well as coincidental inorganic contaminants including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium and zinc. Application of the lessons learned during these individual programs, as well as the development of new and innovative technologies to meet the specific needs of these programs, have enabled the LLRWMO to effectively and efficiently implement environmental remediation solutions that address the variety of Canada’s legacy LLR wastes.introduction.
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Bacon, Mick, Doug Ilett, and Andy Whittall. "Development of Joint Regulatory Guidance on the Management of Higher Activity Radioactive Wastes on Nuclear Licensed Sites." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16095.

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In 2006 the UK Governments response to recommendations by its Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) established, in England and Wales, that geological disposal, supported by safe and secure interim storage, is the preferred route for the long-term management of higher-activity radioactive waste (i.e. that which is not suitable for near-surface disposal). It also gave the responsibility for delivering the programme for a deep geological repository to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). The Scottish Government has a policy of long term, near site, near surface safe and secure interim storage. To support the open and transparent approach promised by Government, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) are developing joint guidance on the management of higher-activity radioactive waste to explain regulatory objectives in securing safe and secure interim storage and the associated management of radioactive wastes. The guidance comes in two parts: • Guidance on the regulatory process; • Technical guidance modules. The guidance promotes a cradle to grave approach to radioactive waste management and by aligning the regulatory interests of environmental and safety regulators it delivers one of the Government’s “Better Regulation” objectives. This paper describes the process by which the joint guidance was produced with particular emphasis on stakeholder engagement. It describes the key features of the guidance, including the concept of the radioactive waste management case (RWMC). Finally the problems encountered with dissemination and implementation are discussed together with measures taken by the regulators to improve these aspects.
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Thomson, Malcolm, and John Sims. "A Temporary Store for Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4719.

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To provide an efficient process for the final disposal of radioactive wastes, some nuclear sites are currently building suitable, temporary stores for such material. This paper describes the practical construction programme recently completed at a UK power reactor site under decommissioning. This site has a number of half height ISO containers filled with solid radioactive material that needed a temporary storage area before being consigned for final disposal. As a result, the site, Hunterston A Decommissioning Site, needed to construct some temporary radiation shield walls to contain the half height ISO containers (HHISO) and safeguard staff and public during the storage period. The chosen location of the temporary store was the Charge Machine Maintenance Building (CMMB), which was surplus to requirements during the decommissioning programme, providing a weatherproof environment. Following an in-depth study of the different forms of construction available, the commercially available, hollow, interlocking polyethylene block system was adopted. Because of its modular form, it has the advantage that it can to be dismantled and re-used at other locations, if required. Being hollow, the block could be filled with a variety of materials, such as water, sand, lead or iron shot, depending on the radioactive shielding needs. An important aspect of the modular plastic block was that it could be more easily installed, decontaminated and decommissioned than the cheaper concrete block system, which produces copious quantities of waste for disposal. This paper describes the choice of interlocking block shielding after comparisons with more conventional forms of construction, the features of the HHISO store design, the short duration building programme and the on-site experiences of the construction period.
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Ruggeri, Gaetano, and Luigi Brusa. "Management of Radioactive Waste and Materials Arising From the Decommissioning of Italian Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1183.

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Abstract Scope of the paper is to summarise the experience about management of materials arising from decommissioning of Italian NPPs, and to illustrate criteria, procedures and systems, which Sogin is defining to manage the problem of the clearance of sites and materials, considering the international experience and boundary conditions existing in the Country. Since 1962 Enel (the largest Italian utility for electric power) has operated the four Italian nuclear power plants: Garigliano (160 MWe BWR), Latina (210 MWe GCR), Trino (270 MWe PWR) and Caorso (882 MWe BWR). These NPPs were shutdown in the 80’s: Garigliano NPP was shutdown in 1982 following a decision made by Enel, based on technical and economical reasons, Latina, Trino and Caorso NPPs following decisions made by the Italian Government after the Chernobyl accident. The “deferred decommissioning (SAFSTOR)” was the decommissioning strategy selected by Enel and approved by the competent Authorities, due to the lack of a repository for the disposal of radioactive materials and of release limits for clearance of materials. Activities have been started aimed at reaching the “Safe Enclosure” condition, which would have lasted for some decades, before final dismantling of plants. In 1999 the liberalisation of the Italian electricity market led Enel to separate its nuclear activities, forming a new Company, named Sogin, to which decommissioning Italian NPPs was committed. At the same time, considering pressures, both at national and local level, to adopt the “prompt decommissioning (DECON)” strategy, in December 1999 the Italian Minister of Industry, with the intent to accelerate the dismantling of Italian NPPs, presented the plans to create a national repository for nuclear waste, and asked Sogin to revise the decommissioning plans, according to the new global strategy, taking into account all the relevant technical, organisational, financial and legislative aspects of the problem. As the DECON strategy enhances the importance of “clean-up” both of sites and materials, the related aspects are held in due consideration in developing the decommissioning plans, which deal with the following: • characterisation of plant systems, components and structures; • decontamination and dismantling techniques; • monitoring of dismantled materials for clearance; • treatment of dismantled, radioactive materials (which cannot be cleared), prior to disposal; • treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste, prior to disposal; • final clearance of sites. Authorisation requirement related to the release, recycle and reuse of materials produced during plant decommissioning, together with the acceptance criteria for disposal of radioactive materials, are of key importance, considering that the change in decommissioning strategy increases the quantity of radioactive waste to be disposed of, the costs for waste treatment, transportation and disposal, and the capacity of the national repository. In this connection, Sogin is discussing with competent Authorities and Bodies in order to define clearance criteria and disposal acceptance criteria, which neither impair nor complicate the future dismantling operations. In (1) details are given about Italian decommissioning Regulation, decommissioning strategy and Organisation, in order to show the boundary conditions, which exist in Italy for planning and development of NPPs Decommissioning Projects. In the following paragraphs the decommissioning strategy is summarised first together with some critical items of decommissioning; then the Italian regulation about the management of radioactive waste is reported. The management of waste and materials, which will arise from the decommissioning of Italian nuclear power plants, is driven by the requirements imposed by the competent Authorities basing on this regulation.
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Brennecke, Peter W. "Safety-Related Aspects due to the Chemotoxicity of Radioactive Waste to Be Disposed of." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1232.

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Abstract According to the German disposal concept, all radioactive waste has to be emplaced in a repository constructed and operated in deep geological formations. To get a more detailed insight into site-specific safety-related issues, it is meaningful to perform additional investigations into the radiotoxicity and chemotoxicity. Thus, an evaluation including the hazard potential of organic and inorganic substances being the major constituents of waste packages to be disposed of becomes possible. In addition, possible releases via the water path must be investigated and assessed with regard to the safety of a repository during the post-closure phase, i.e. the radiological long-term effects (radionuclide-specific radiation exposures) as well as the possible pollution of near-surface groundwater by organic and inorganic substances. The latter will particularly take into account the principle of concern of section 34 “Reinhaltung” (Keeping Pure) of the Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG – Water Resources Management Act).
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Kawamura, Hideki, and Ian G. McKinley. "Tailoring of the CARE Concept for Practicality, Safety and Robustness." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96067.

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The CAvern REtrievable (CARE) concept was originally developed to provide flexibility in tailoring disposal of vitrified HLW to small volunteer host sites, where high emplacement density leads to significant challenges in terms of the management of radiogenic heat. Including an extended storage period in underground caverns prior to sealing solved the heat issue, but also provided benefits in terms of a slow decision-making process that provided more opportunities to engage stakeholders. Recently, direct disposal of spent fuel is being considered in Japan and this gives more severe challenges for heat management, even for conventional disposal concepts. Due to great uncertainties in the future of nuclear power in Japan, this may also be associated with a desire to preserve the option of retrieval for extended periods. The basic CARE concept has thus been re-assessed to consider these aspects — and also the need to be able to develop a robust safety case that can be readily communicated to stakeholders, who are more sensitive to nuclear issues than they were in the past.
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Svoboda, Karel, Josef Podlaha, David Sˇi´r, and Josef Mudra. "Experiences in the Field of Radioactive Materials Seizures in the Czech Republic." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7175.

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In recent years, the amount of radioactive materials seizures (captured radioactive materials) has been rising. It was above all due to newly installed detection facilities that were able to check metallic scrap during its collection in scrap yards or on the entrance to iron-mills, checking municipal waste upon entrance to municipal disposal sites, even incineration plants, or through checking vehicles going through the borders of the Czech Republic. Most cases bore a relationship to secondary raw materials or they were connected to the application of machines and installations made from contaminated metallic materials. However, in accordance to our experience, the number of cases of seizures of materials and devices containing radioactive sources used in the public domain was lower, but not negligible, in the municipal storage yards or incineration plants. Atomic Act No. 18/1997 Coll. will apply to everybody who provides activities leading to exposure, mandatory assurance as high radiation safety as risk of the endangering of life, personal health and environment is as low as reasonably achievable in according to social and economic aspects. Hence, attention on the examination of all cases of the radioactive material seizure based on detection facilities alarm or reasonably grounds suspicion arising from the other information is important. Therefore, a service carried out by group of workers who ensure assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources from the municipal waste has come into existence in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc. This service has covered also transport, storage, processing and disposal of found radioactive sources. This service has arisen especially for municipal disposal sites, but later on even other companies took advantage of this service like incineration plants, the State Office for Nuclear Safety, etc. Our experience in the field of ensuring assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources will be presented in the paper.
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Booth, Peter, and Robert Gordon. "The Difficulties of Undertaking Site Characterisation on Operational Nuclear Licensed Sites." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4929.

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Undertaking site investigation on nuclear licensed sites is very different to site investigation on other sites, even those which are heavily contaminated. This paper sets out to highlight some of the issues which need to be considered when formulating a fit for purpose, yet defensible site characterisation programme on such a site. The first and most important aspect of the work is to set out clearly your objectives. There may be a number of reasons why a site investigation is being undertaken. These could include purely fulfilling your site licence conditions as an operator or they could be more specific like supporting a defined de-licensing or decommissioning project, installing a monitoring network, or determining the extent of ground contamination. Ensuring that a conceptual model exists is the next step, even if only at a preliminary stage, as this coupled with the desk study will help formulate the site characterisation programme. Logistical issues as well as technical requirements need to be factored in, but in order to maintain transparency it is important to declare the latter first. Like other sites with ground contamination, issues like sampling and analysis need to be considered. Clearance procedures on nuclear licensed sites are extremely stringent and can lead to delays. These need to be considered, especially if sending samples offsite for organics analysis. The laboratories themselves need to be licensed to handle radioactive samples and the transport regulations also need to be adhered to. Other logistical issues requiring consideration include safety cases, plant modification proposals and waste disposal. The technical side itself sets its own challenges in that decisions need to be closely linked into the logistics. Will the samples and data be collected primarily through intrusive techniques or is there a requirement to utilise non-intrusive methodology? How do you defend the proposed site sampling strategy when you have access restrictions? Do you need to have permanent monitoring facilities? These are just some of the questions which need to be answered if a site operator is to have a transparent and defensive site investigation programme on a nuclear licensed site.
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Jung, Hagen G., and Gabriele Bandt. "Regulations for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste in the Konrad Repository." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59105.

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In Germany low / medium level waste, which is classified here as radioactive waste with negligible heat generation, will be disposed of in the Konrad underground repository. The construction and the operation of this nuclear facility required authorization by different fields of law, i.e., by nuclear law, mining law and water law. Whereas the nuclear law considers solely radiological aspects, the relevant permit issued according to the water law considers the impact of radioactive as well as non-radioactive harmful substances. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) as operator of the repository and permit holder has (a) to record the disposed of radioactive and non-radioactive harmful substances and (b) to balance them. To meet these requirements BfS has developed a concept, which led to a site specific solution. Threshold values were defined for recording and for balancing the harmful substances. It had to be verified that by disposal of radioactive waste packages according to these values an adverse effect on the near-surface groundwater can be excluded. The Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation Agency (NLWKN) as the responsible water law regulatory authority approved the operator’s concept as appropriate to comply with the requirements of the Water Law Permit. Nonetheless, collateral clauses were imposed to assure this.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental aspects of Waste disposal sites"

1

Revis, N., C. Hadden, G. Hicks, and G. Osterhout. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites. Semiannual progress report, April 1--October 31, 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532510.

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Revis, N., T. Osborne, C. Hadden, and S. Benson. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites. Semiannual progress report, April 1--September 30, 1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532511.

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Hadden, C. T., S. B. Benson, T. R. Osborne, and N. W. Revis. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites. Semiannual progress report, April 1, 1988--September 30, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/563984.

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Revis, N., T. Osborne, and S. Benson. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites. Semiannual progress report, November 1, 1986--March 31, 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/563986.

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Blake, R., and N. Revis. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites. Semiannual progress report, November 1, 1985--March 31, 1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532512.

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Taher, Raya, Farah Abu Safe, and Jean-Patrick Perrin. Not In My Backyard: The impact of waste disposal sites on communities in Jordan. Oxfam, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7734.

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Waste disposal sites across Jordan pose serious risks to the environment and to public health if not managed safely. Municipal waste decomposing in open landfills also takes an environmental and socio-economic toll on neighbouring communities. While the Government of Jordan is planning to reduce the number of operational landfills and improve waste management services, persistent issues associated with unsustainable waste practices and their associated effects on the wellbeing of surrounding communities and the environment need to be addressed. Guaranteeing a sustainable waste management scheme for communities in Jordan should include increased consideration of the long-term effects that waste disposal sites have on neighbouring communities.
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7

Hicks, G. M., and N. Revis. Methods for environmental monitoring of DOE waste disposal and storage sites: Proposal for optimizing a biological treatment system for denitrification of Y-12 waste streams. Semiannual progress report, November 1, 1987--March 31, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532500.

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8

Low level waste management handbook series: Environmental monitoring for low level waste disposal sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7159212.

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9

Environmental monitoring report for commercial low-level radioactive waste disposal sites (1960`s through 1990`s). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527494.

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