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1
Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.
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Nguyen, Minh Ha. "Endogenous growth, international trade and the environment." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37948.
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We develop a dynamic model that explicitly considers the trans-boundary pollution problem between two asymmetric countries. We found that the countries will enjoy higher long run growth rates and a higher environmental quality when they coordinate their environmental policies. Furthermore, the two countries suffer more heavily not cooperating with each other when their attitudes towards a cleaner environment differ greatly. The implication is that despite the inherent differences in their development level and in their environmental attitudes, developed and developing countries are strongly encouraged to cooperate environmentally. In the second part of the thesis, we turn the focus to the role of international trade in relation to economic growth and the environment. We found that the long run growth rates of the countries are lower when they engage in international trade, no matter whether the environmental externality is internalised or not. The impact of trade on welfare however is ambiguous.<br>Thesis (M.Ec.)--School of Economics, 2004.
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Ng, Chi-yan Sammi, and 吳芷欣. "A comparative study of the wildlife trade in Southern China and the bushmeat trade in Africa." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013184.
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Deumié, Florence. "The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the international trade of genetically modified organisms : a new element of the conflict between trade and the environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31156.
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The present thesis deals with the international legal consequences of the Biosafety Protocol. If this Protocol answers the problem of GMOs, by enforcing the application of the precautionary principle to the international trade of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), it does not solve the conflict between the interests of trade and those of the environment. On the contrary, the Biosafety Protocol conflicts with the rules of the GATT and the national norms inspired by it would risk being contested before the dispute-settlement institutions of the World Trade Organisation. The Protocol therefore constitutes a new element in the conflict, pre-existing and unsolved, which sets the implicit supremacy of the GATT against the international environmental norms. It confirms the necessity to find a solution enabling the equal authority and mutual respect of the international environmental and trade rules.<br>All information is correct as at 14 November 2000.
5
Yu, Zhihao. "Three essays on international trade, political economy and environmental policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ39009.pdf.
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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. "Trade promotion vs the environment: Inevitable conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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袁縕思 and Wan-sze Cissie Yuen. "A study of the impact of environmental issues after China's entry intothe world trade organization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548814.
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Vlassis, Nikolaos. "Aspects of Pareto improving environmental tax reforms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8561.
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'Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen' Stern (2006 p. xvii). This vigorous description highlights one of the most important and frustrating realizations of the last decades. The main reason of that market failure stems from the fact that climate change is a complex global externality. This makes the design of appropriate measures to mitigate the problem and the identification of their effects on economic activity of paramount importance. The transboundary nature of pollution combined with the skewed distribution of the origin and impact of emissions among countries reveals the need for international cooperation in the direction of multilateral agreements among countries. The characterization of Pareto-efficient environmental and trade policies has been a key issue (and continues to be) in the literature. Predominantly, however, the literature has focused on the role of taxes (trade and pollution) in achieving the first-best paying no attention to the role (if there is any) of non-tradeable goods. Chapter 4 deals with this issue. A key issue in mitigating climate change is with the appropriate extent of harmonization of environmental policies. This thesis (Chapters 2) addresses this within a general equilibrium model of international trade with endogenous pollution discharges, paying particular attention to the allocation of tax revenues. It argues that there indeed exist instances in which pollution tax harmonization (that moves the initial pollution taxes towards an appropriately weighted pollution tax vector) can deliver potential Pareto improvements. The difficulty with the achievement of global environmental agreements should not be, however, ignored. Chapter 3 deals with the possibility that governments may act unilaterally in order to mitigate the social cost of pollution. It shows that (under certain conditions) there exist unilateral Pareto improving trade policy reforms. Chapter 5 discusses the welfare implication of environmental policy reforms within a subset of countries. It shows that environmental policy coordination has opposing effect on the welfare of the coordinating and non-coordinating countries.
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Wei, De Cai. "Trade related environmental measures of European Union : a new kind of trade barriers?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637069.
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Kent, Avidan. "International trade, investment, and climate change : a tale of legal and institutional fragmentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648583.
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Cheng, Hau-chung, and 鄭孝仲. "Sustainability management in apparel & footwear supply chain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207615.
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Self-regulatory Code of Conduct has widely been adopted by international brands to manage CSR issues in apparel and footwear supply chain for the last 2 decades. Increasingly, more apparel and footwear brands started to expand CSR scope to include environmental management in their supply chain. However, only very few international brands have disclosed their efforts on environmental management in their supply chain. This study aims to find out how apparel and footwear brands implement environmental management in their supply chain. Furthermore, what motivates them to carry out environmental management, and lastly, what challenges the industry encounters in carrying out effective environmental management. Primary and secondary data research were carried out in this study. Primary research, in a form of self-administered survey, was conducted for 11 brands and 15 of their respective suppliers. Secondary research was conducted through desktop research to gather additional information from brands, NGOs, academic studies and news.
The study revealed environmental management in apparel and footwear supply chain is becoming more important. However, most of the brands’ approaches on environmental management are loose (i.e. lack industry-wide sustainably environmental management strategy), and small in scope (i.e. first tier supplier only). It is suggested apparel and footwear brands should improve effectiveness of environmental management program in their supply chain, by applying different implementation strategies internally, with both brands’ and suppliers’ governments, suppliers as well as their stakeholders.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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De, Icaza Aneiros Carlos. "The effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on Mexican environmental laws and policies and their enforcement : evaluating six years of cooperation (1994-2000)." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31155.
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During the last fifty years trade liberalization has stimulated different levels of industrial and technological development and economic growth around the world. However, during that same period, the world has witnessed a rapid degradation of the environment and an excessive exploitation of natural resources. The urgency of the situation requires the reconciliation of trade liberalization and environmental protection goals.<br>In this context, on January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement entered into between Canada, Mexico and the United States came into force. This agreement has significant environmental content and includes a side agreement on environmental matters. This new framework of environmental protection is serving to reconcile trade and environmental goals in the region, and is shaping the new legal framework for environmental protection and enforcement in Mexico.
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Yang, Ching-Ling. "Java/XML-based Trading Information Processing System for produce wholesale market." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2711.
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Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
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This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.<br>Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.<br><p>QC 20160901</p><br>Beyond GDP Growth
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Manjoro, Faith Tendayi. "International trade and environmental disputes : an analysis of Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994) and environmental policies of the developing and developed world." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007444.
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A major problem emanating from the trade/environment conflict is the use of trade measures, such as restrictions and sanctions, as tools for environmental protection. Proponents of free trade argue that the use of these measures is tantamount to abuse of environmental standards for protectionist ends. This is particularly so if the imposition of the standard amounts to a unilateral act which blocks the entry of a specified product into the market of another member state for reasons other than environmental protection. Environmentalists at the same time argue that free trade will lead to environmental degradation and therefore advocate for the use of trade-restrictive measures to safeguard against the destruction of the environment. The GATT has proved problematic when it comes to the resolution of trade/environment conflicts. The GATT aims at trade liberalisation yet most environmental policies are enforced through trade-restrictive devices like quotas and licences. Article XX of the GATT is anomalous: it does not explicitly mention the environment, yet member states rely on it as an environmental protection clause. This thesis discusses the various issues emanating from the trade/environmental debate. The history of Article XX is reviewed and the issues that arise in the adjudication of Articles XX (b) and (g) in a trade/environment context are analysed in light of the decisions by the GATTIWTO dispute settlement bodies. The role played by Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in protecting the environment is discussed. However, the relationship between MEAs and the WTO is also scrutinised as these rule-making bodies often come into conflict: firstly, because they serve two differing interests - on the one hand, MEAs allow for the use of trade restrictive measures in environmental agreements and on the other, the WTO calls for unrestricted trade unless exceptional circumstances exist; and secondly, member states that are party to both the WTO and MEAs are often forced to subscribe to international trade rules that are incompatible with those in environmental agreements. The trade/environmental debate is important to both the developed and developing worlds. The developed world is in favour of environmental policies which protect the environment from degradation. On the other hand, the developing world is in desperate need of the benefits of trade liberalisation so as to cater for high unemployment rates and poor economic growth. The question thus arises as to whether, when environmental issues are promoted, developing countries will not suffer at the expense of developed nations which may engage in protectionist measures under the pretext of environmental conservation. The divide between developed and developing countries is illustrated in Chapter 5 through case studies on coal mining in the USA and South Africa. The conclusion reached is that total co-operation is essential between developed and developing states for success in safeguarding the environment from degradation. Accordingly, the trade/environmental debate cannot be isolated from the conflicting approaches in developed and developing countries. The conclusions in the final chapter seek to strike a balance between trade liberalisation and environmental protection. Recommendations are made on how the trade/environmental challenges could be dealt with and the regulation of trade restrictive devices to exclude, or at least limit, protectionism.
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Chan, Tak-him, and 陳德謙. "From international regulation to green production: continuous challenges to our textile and clothingindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893648.
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Hutchinson, Lynn E. "Evaluation of economical sorbents for the removal of metolachlor from contaminated wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41985.
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The sorption of unformulated (98% pure) and
formulated (86% pure + adjuvants) metolachlor to peat,
rubber, and steam-exploded wood was studied. The
concentration of pesticide ranged from 50 mg/L to
400 mg/L. Equilibrium concentrations for the batch
reactors were reached within 24 hr. The sorption data for
both unformulated and formulated metolachlor were best
described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Metolachlor
was preferentially sorbed in the following order:
rubber > peat > wood fibers, with removal efficiencies of
80-85%, 70-80% and 50-65%, respectively. Differences in
slopes of the isotherm lines and K values were negligible
for each sorbent-type tested for both unformulated and
formulated metolachlor. These results suggest that the
presence of surfactants did not affect the sorption
capacity of the sorbents at the concentration levels
tested. However, isotherm plots showed S-shaped curve
behavior for all of the sorbents in the presence of
unformulated metolachlor, while a C-shaped curve was seen
when the sorbents were mixed with formulated metolachlor.
<p>This suggests that different bonding mechanisms may be
involved for the sorption of unformulated and formulated
metolachlor to the sorbents.
<p>Various procedures were studied to improve removal
efficiencies of formulated metolachlor. Sorption of
metolachlor to peat was enhanced by hydrating the peat and
pre-treating the peat with HCI. Circulation of formulated
metolachlor through a rubber-packed column showed the
greatest removal, with only 6 mg/L of the initial 400 mg/L
remaining in solution. Removal efficiencies of steamexploded
wood fibers were not improved by any of the
methods investigated.<br>Master of Science
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Chiu, Chen. "Anaerobic digestion of baker's yeast wastewater using a UASB reactor and a hybrid UASB reactor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29589.
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The start-up and step-up operation of two 16-liter, continuously operated, upflow anaerobic reactors receiving baker's yeast wastewater is presented in this thesis. The two reactors (A and B) were almost identical in construction. Reactor A was a conventional upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and reactor B was a hybrid reactor. In addition to all the features of a UASB reactor, a fixed-film structure was installed in the mid section of the reactor B. Both reactors were operated at 35 °C and at a constant hydraulic retention time of 7 days. The waste strength, expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD), was varied from 8 g COD liter⁻¹ (during the start-up) to 58 g COD liter⁻¹. The organic loading rate ranged from 1.1 to 9.4 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹. The start-up lasted for the first 46 days. Towards the end of the start-up, methane production rates of 0.23 and 0.28 liter CH₄ liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ and COD reductions of 62.2% and 67.2% were achieved at organic loading rates of 1.1 and 1.3 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ for reactors A and B respectively. During the step-up operation, maximum methane production rates were, for reactors A and B respectively, 0.91 and 0.95 liter CH₄ liter⁻¹ day⁻¹ at organic loading rates of 5.8 and 6.4 g COD liter⁻¹ day⁻¹. In addition, reactor profiles for sludge concentration, pH, volatile fatty acids, and COD are also presented.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Smal, Desiree Nora. "The role of environmental sustainability in a design-driven fashion industry : a South African case study." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2269.
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Thesis (DTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>This thesis is an investigation into environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, with a particular focus on the role of design therein. The fashion and textile industry is a significant contributor to the South African economy and a major user of human and natural resources. It is through the use of resources – natural, constructed and human – that the industry is also supposedly damaging to the natural environment and the people working within it. Notable authors on environmentally sustainable design and, in particular, environmentally sustainable fashion design, seem to suggest that a holistic approach to environmental sustainability is fundamental to the implementation thereof. Design has the ability to direct change, and thus design and designers have the potential to drive holistic sustainable practices in the fashion system.The question this research therefore poses is what the role of environmental sustainability should be in a design-driven approach in the South African fashion industry; interrogated through an exploratory and descriptive case study. The case study consists of three purposively selected sub-units that operate within an environmentally sustainable focus in their fashion businesses, and that design, produce, and retail fashion products. The aim of the research was to explore, through a snapshot of the South African fashion system, the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion industry in South Africa, in order to determine what role fashion design practice can have in developing environmental sustainability in the fashion system.The most notable finding of the research highlights the immense difficulty of operating as a fashion business from an environmentally sustainable focus in South Africa due to the lack (and unsuitability) of resources that can be considered environmentally sustainable. The declining textile industry of South Africa makes it either almost impossible, or very costly, to work within an environmentally sustainable framework, and is a major impediment in the implementation of environmental sustainability in praxis. Therefore, those businesses that decide to operate within an environmentally sustainable framework do so because of inherent personal values and ethics.The second aspect identified in the survey of scholarship and underpinned by the findings, is a need for a transformative approach with regard to design praxis and how design praxis can influence consumer eco-consciousness. The research concludes with a recommended framework that suggests a holistic and integrated approach to design-driven environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, and elaborates on the role of the fashion designer in the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion system. The holistic and integrated approach should extend into fashion design education, requiring a fundamental shift in current fashion design education in South Africa.<br>University of Johannesburg
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Li, Wah-hong, and 李華匡. "The characteristics and sustainability of the grasshopper trade in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013408.
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Da, Fonseca Carlos Manuel. "Implementing an environmental management system in an automative component manufacturing firm." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1112.
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Environmental issues seem to be one of the most important topics in the globalised world. Organisations of all sizes are subject to pressure from suppliers, customers and governments to be more environmentally responsible. This research focuses on implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in the automotive industry, both internationally and in South Africa, and examines the background and concepts of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), as well as the key implementation phases associated with the implementation of an EMS, in accordance with ISO 14001. The problem statement of this research is to determine if it is possible to transfer, apply and sustain environmental concepts to small, medium or large organisations. The primary objectives of this research, therefore, were to determine: does implementation of an EMS provide economic benefits to organisations; what drives an organisation to first implement an EMS; does implementation of an EMS improve environmental awareness and performance; and what implementation barriers are faced by small, medium and large organisations. To achieve these objectives, a literary review and an empirical survey were conducted. The survey consisted of an electronic, self-administered questionnaire that was circulated to respondents at various automotive organisations. Data collected from completed, returned questionnaires were analysed and graphically presented to complete the research and achieve the primary research objectives toward solving the afore-mentioned problem statement. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that there is much to gain from implementing an EMS.
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Kamaludeen, Sara Parwin Banu. "Biotic-abiotic transformations of chromium in long-term tannery waste contaminated soils : implications to remediation." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk15.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 166-180. Determines the effect of chromium on the soil microbial community and its activity, the biotic-abiotic mechanisms involved in chromium oxidation, and phytostabilization of chromium using plants and organic amendment in tannery-waste contaminated soil.
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Muller, Johannes Christoffel. "Comparative financial and environmental life cycle assessment of three South African pork production chains." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96815.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world demand for animal proteins and profit-driven production has led to producing animal
proteins intensively. Intensive pork production systems have traditionally had a poor image with
the public, because these production systems are associated with environmental pollution.
Currently, pigs are produced on highly specialised farms, and are fed concentrated (often
imported) pig feed. The resulting higher production and higher animal densities contribute to an
increased pollution of water, soil and air. The aim of this study is to determine the energy
balance and emissions of three case studies, and to compare these results with their financial
performance. The impacts will be recorded in the following impact categories: global warming
potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and Energy Use
(EU). The case studies are three typical South African pig production facilities selected by the
South African pork producer’s organisation (SAPPO). The production inputs, from the feed
acquisition to the delivery of one kg of pig at the farm gate, were included. The three farms are
located in different areas in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal province (Case study 1),
North-West province (Case study 2) and Western Cape province (Case study 3). The functional
unit (FU) for this study is defined as 1 kg of South African pig (live-weight) at the farm gate.
This study found that the GWP/FU of Case study 2 is 4 and 2 % higher than Case studies 1 and 3
respectively. The EP/FU of Case study 1 is 9 and 6 % higher than Case studies 2 and 3
respectively. The AP/FU of Case study 1 is 4 and 5 % higher than Case studies 2 and 3
respectively. The EU/FU of Case study 3 is 45 % and 16 % higher than Case studies 1 and 2
respectively. The major activities that contributed to the environmental impact categories were
the slurry management activity, followed by electricity usage. The financial and environmental
performance comparison did show deviations. Therefore, it is recommended that environmental
and financial performance measurements be made, in order to create a true reflection of the
impacts. The potential for improvement in financial and environmental performance proved to be
significant in the productivity of the sow herd, as well as in the management of the piglets. The
location of the production facility does not claim to hold have significant environmental or
financial implications. Management of the emissions produced by piggeries can offset the impact
of the piggery's location.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar.
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Myburgh, Dirk Petrus. "The treatment of biodiesel wastewater using an integrated electrochemical and adsorption process." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2693.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>The production of biodiesel is an energy and water intensive process. The wastewater that is produced during this process is high in concentrations of COD, BOD, FOG and various other contaminants. Since it contains low levels of nutrients, it is difficult to degrade using natural processes such as conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment. The discharge of untreated biodiesel wastewater also raises serious environmental concern. It interferes when remediated with biological processes and results in additional costs during the production of biodiesel when penalties and fines are applied. Conventional treatment processes are not capable of treating contaminants and pollutants in biodiesel to satisfactory concentrations and hence advanced treatment processes are necessary. In this research, a lab scale integrated treatment process was used to investigate the successful reduction of contaminants, in particular COD, BOD and FOG. The integrated treatment process used in this study consisted of three consecutive steps; acidification, electrochemical oxidation and adsorption using chitosan as an adsorbent. The electrochemical oxidation process with IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes was applied to treat biodiesel wastewater. Different operating conditions were tested to establish favourable conditions. The current density applied as well as the concentration of NaCl as the supporting electrolyte greatly affected the process. A NaCl concentration of 0.08M was deemed sufficient, whereas a current density of 1 mA/cm² showed superior performance compared to lower or higher current densities.
Adsorption of pollutants in biodiesel wastewater was investigated using Chitosan as the adsorbent. Various chitosan concentrations, initial pH of the wastewater and repetitive adsorption stages were investigated. It was discovered that all three operating conditions greatly affect the performance of the process. The three consecutive adsorption stages using a chitosan concentration of 4.5 g/L at a pH of 2 resulted in the highest pollutant removal.
It was observed that the integrated treatment process could reduce COD, BOD and FOG levels by 94%, 86% and 95% respectively. This concludes that the treated effluent complies with local industrial effluent discharge standards, which could be disposed safely without further treatment.
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Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. "Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.
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Rask, Lovisa. "The aspects of Environmental Sustainability in Export : A study in the context of Malaysian businesses." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96396.
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In a world which is highly reliant on international trade and at the same time is facing what has been described as among the greatest challenges planet Earth ever seen, climate change. The connection the two have to each other becomes increasingly essential to understand. This study was put in the context of a developing country, Malaysia, due to the increased amount of businesses located in developing countries which are choosing to internationalise and export products. The 17 Global Goals created by the United Nations, which has been adopted by all member states are aimed to be reached in 2030. The Global Goals are built upon trust and responsibility for the planet which creates a scenario where the behaviour of both businesses and consumers is changed. The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge of how the aspect of environmental sustainability impacts export and what motivates the Malaysian businesses to change for the better. The outcome of this study indicates that the customers have a significant role for both motivation of businesses and the implementation of new strategies. The study has also seen an indication of a connection between the speed of internationalisation and export related to how businesses are motivated by customers in terms of environmental sustainability. Moreover, the study has shown that there is little connection between the business’s selection of export mode and environmental sustainability.
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Carruth, Mark Alexander. "Reducing CO2 emissions through lightweight design and manufacturing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607775.
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Wong, Tat-kwong Dennis, and 黃達光. "Opportunity search in coral trade industry: business opportunity around water related industry in today economicenvironment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269461.
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Wu, Jun Ye. "A study of contemporary issues of conflict between trade liberalization and protection of the environment with a specific reference to the position of developing and least developed contries." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637068.
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Haddock, Janet Elaine. "Environment-related decision making : an examination of the GATT/WTO process /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20272029.
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Tulibaski, Katherine Lynn. "Communicating CSR: A Longitudinal Examination of the Petroleum Industry's Social Issue Adoption." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24998.
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Waugh, Rachel Louise. "Options for achieving a 50% reduction in steel industry CO₂ emissions by 2050." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648392.
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Kan, Wing-sze Iris, and 簡詠思. "Hong Kong's impacts from the seafood trade and its role in affecting endangered species." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501307X.
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Liberti, Michael F. "Spatial distribution of heavy metals in Center Township, Delaware County surface soils." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115430.
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Numerous urban soils surrounding industrial and metallurgical facilities in the U.S. are contaminated with metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni). Simplified geochemical mapping requires soil sampling and analysis for the presence of heavy metals from a grid pattern within a geographic area. In this study, a contour map of metal concentrations at two depths was subsequently superimposed over a standard political map to indicate areas of elevated metal concentrations in the soil. Natural levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni in Delaware County soils were determined to be 114.2 mg/kg, 0.14 mg/kg, 29.3 mg/kg, 88.4 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg, and 39.8 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of metals found throughout Muncie, 203.9 mg/kg Pb, 39.2 mg/kg Cu, 275.4 mg/kg Zn, 9.7 mg/kg Cr, and 25.0 mg/kg Ni, were compared with natural levels to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition. From the geographic mapping of metal concentrations, the effect of past industrial processes on possible contamination of soils by metals in Muncie, Indiana, was determined. Metals were also be fractionated in order to assess the percentage which is potentially bioavailable.<br>Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Akon, Yamga Gordon. "Oil in Ghana: a curse or not? Examining environmental justice and the social process in policymaking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157653/.
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There is great expectation that oil development in Ghana will catapult the nation towards prosperity and lead to drastic improvement in the wellbeing of Ghanaians. However, there is also concern that Ghana could fail to achieve these due to the resource curse notwithstanding the fact that scholars of the curse have yet to agree on the inevitability of the curse. Resource curse scholars adduce different reasons for its occurrence or absence. One thing common among the scholars, however, is that none discusses environmental justice in the context of the curse. In this dissertation, I examine Ghana's attempts at avoiding the resource curse through policymaking and implementation using the Guidelines on Environmental Assessment and Management of Ghana's offshore oil sector as a case study. I argue that a strong environmental justice frame is required to avert the curse in Ghana. Specifically, I assess the policy process in Ghana's oil sector, the institutional framework for managing the sector, and analyze the perception of environmental justice for policymaking. The outcome of these assessments show that although the policy process requires broadening for full and effective participation, Ghana has checks and balances policies to avert the resource curse and to deliver environmental justice in the oil sector. In addition, Ghana has an institutional framework that requires strengthening, in various way, in order for it to complement the checks and balances policies
36
Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie, and 梁愛群. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous wastematerials." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253180.
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Fappi, Devanir André. "Micro e ultrafiltração como pós-tratamento para reúso de efluentes de abatedouro e frigorífico de suínos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1273.
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Fundação Araucária; CAPES<br>As indústrias alimentícias utilizam considerável volume de água para suprir a demanda de processos. Devido a isso, observa-se um grande volume gerado de efluentes que necessitam ser tratados para garantir o destino final adequado. Tendo em vista a crescente escassez de água, procedimentos de racionalização do uso da água e o reúso de efluentes tratados surgem como soluções para estes problemas. A aplicação de processos de separação por membranas no tratamento de efluentes da indústria alimentícia para reúso apresenta-se como um processo de tratamento avançado apropriado. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização dos processos de separação por membranas como tratamento avançado de águas residuárias agroindustriais provindas de um abatedouro e frigorífico de suínos, da região oeste do Paraná, visando à possibilidade de reúso destes efluentes. Para isso, foi necessário: realizar a caracterização físico-química dos efluentes agroindustriais; avaliar o emprego de microfiltração, ultrafiltração, e microfiltração seguida de ultrafiltração em diferentes condições operacionais de pressão aplicada à membrana, e avaliar a qualidade do efluente obtido pelos processos de separação com membranas, considerando o atendimento das exigências técnicas, legais e sanitárias para diferentes usos industriais. Os resultados mostraram que os processos de separação por membranas apresentaram, de uma maneira geral, uma sensível melhora na qualidade do efluente final quando comparados com o atual sistema de pós-tratamento empregado pela indústria (flotador físico-químico), que promove eficiências de remoção nas faixas oscilantes de 3% a 29%, 44% a 70%, 40% a 46% e 50% a 58,5%, aproximadamente, para os parâmetros sólidos totais voláteis, turbidez, nitrogênio amoniacal e DQO, respectivamente. A microfiltração apresentou as seguintes faixas de eficiência de remoção, aproximadas: sólidos totais voláteis (51% - 64%), turbidez (83% - 99%), nitrogênio amoniacal (21% - 24%) e DQO (64% - 72%). A ultrafiltração apresentou as seguintes faixas de eficiência de remoção, aproximadas: sólidos totais voláteis (23% - 51%), turbidez (87% - 99%), nitrogênio amoniacal (54% - 69%) e DQO (77% - 85%). A realização do ensaio de microfiltração seguido de ultrafiltração nas melhores condições experimentais investigadas obteve resultados satisfatórios na remoção de aproximadamente 97% para a turbidez, 17% para os sólidos totais voláteis, 67% para a DQO, 38% para o nitrogênio amoniacal, 96% a 99,95% para os coliformes termotolerantes e 93 a 99,69% para os coliformes termorresistentes. Com o aumento da pressão para a microfiltração e ultrafiltração foi obtido maior fluxo permeado e melhor qualidade do efluente final. Embora os efluentes tenham proporcionado distintos valores de fluxo permeado, foram obtidas curvas de desempenho bastante semelhantes, caracterizando-se por uma queda do fluxo permeado nos primeiros minutos de filtração, seguido de um período onde ocorre declínio gradual, com uma tendência ao equilíbrio. De acordo com os requisitos físico-químicos e microbiológicos mínimos exigidos para o reúso de efluentes tratados, a microfiltração e a ultrafiltração atenderam alguns dos parâmetros monitorados, alcançando a qualidade exigida para o reúso em torres de resfriamento, lavagem de pisos, irrigação de áreas verdes, lavagem de veículos, proteção contra incêndio e descarga sanitária.<br>The food industry uses large volumes of water to meet the demand processes. Because of this, there is a large volume of generated waste that need to be addressed to ensure proper final destination. In view of the growing scarcity of water, the use rationalization of procedures of the water and the reuse of treated effluent arise as solutions to these problems. Application of separation processes by membranes in the treatment of wastewater for reuse food industry presents itself as an appropriate advanced treatment process. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of membrane separation processes as advanced treatment of agroindustrial wastewater stemmed from a swine slaughterhouse, the western region of Paraná, aiming at the possibility of recycling these effluents. For this it was necessary: to define the physical-chemical characterization of the agro-industrial effluents; evaluate the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration and ultrafiltration then under different conditions of pressure applied to the membrane, and evaluate the quality of the effluent obtained by separation processes with membranes, considering the care of the technical, legal and health requirements for different uses industrial. The results showed that membrane separation processes presented in a general way a considerable improvement in final effluent quality compared with the current tertiary treatment system used by the industry (physicochemical flotation) which promotes removal efficiencies in oscillating ranges from 3% to 29%, 44% to 70%, 40% to 46%, 50% to 58.5%, approximately, for the parameters: total volatile solids, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen and COD, respectively. Microfiltration had the following removal efficiency ranges, approximate: total volatile solids (51% - 64%), turbidity (83% - 99%), ammonia nitrogen (21% - 24%) and COD (64% - 72%). Ultrafiltration showed the following removal efficiency ranges, approximate: total volatile solids (23% - 51%), turbidity (87% - 99%), ammonia nitrogen (54% - 69%) and COD (77% - 85%). The completion of the test microfiltration followed by ultrafiltration under the best experimental conditions investigated achieved satisfactory results in the removal of approximately 97% for the turbidity, 17% total volatile solids, 67% for COD, 38% for ammonia nitrogen, 96% to 99.95% for thermotolerant and 93 to 99.69% for the heat-resistant coliforms coliforms. With increasing pressure to microfiltration and ultrafiltration permeate flux was increased and better quality of the final effluent. Although the effluents have provided separate permeate flow rates, very similar performance curves were obtained, characterized by a drop in permeate flux during the first minute filtration followed by a period where there is a gradual decline, with a tendency toward equilibrium. According to the physicochemical requirements and minimum microbiological required for the reuse of treated wastewater, microfiltration and ultrafiltration attended some of the monitored parameters, achieving the required quality for reuse in cooling towers, floor washing, irrigation of green areas , washing vehicles, fire protection and sanitary discharge.
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Brown, Mary Ashby. "Opportunities, obstacles, and implications for ethical trade in the South African wine industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52387.
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Thesis (MScAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research paper attempts to elucidate the main issues surrounding the integration of
ethical trade, meaning the building, monitoring, and communicating of social and/or
environmental responsibility, within the South African wine industry. The author first
establishes the hypothesis that social and/or environmental responsibility is important to
the South African wine industry, as this investment could theoretically provide the
industry with a competitive advantage in an increasingly cutthroat international wine
market by addressing the industry's most outstanding defects: the lack of quality
production, the need for investment in natural resources (labour and the environment), as
well as the call for building brand equity and niche marketing strategies. Put differently,
this paper suggests that the investment in social and/or environmental responsibility could
offer cost-saving benefits to the industry as well as paving a road to international market
access. This research first gives a background of ethical trade and determines a picture of
the current situation of the South African wine industry, and lastly, given this
information, derives the key opportunities, obstacles, and implications of the potential
amalgamation of ethical trade in the industry.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die belangrikste probleme rondom die integrering van
etiese handel, waarby bedoel word die bou, monitering en kommunikering van sosiale
en/of omgewingsverantwoordelike produksie, binne die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, toe
te lig. Eers word die belangrikheid van etiese handel vir die bedryf vasgestel, en word
redeneer dat sodanige belegging teoreties aan die bedryf 'n mededingende voordeel in die
internasionale mark kan bied deur aandag te gee aan sekerlik die belangrikste
tekortkominge in die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Dit sluit in die gebrek aan genoegsame
kwaliteit-produksie, die behoefte aan belegging in kritiese hulpbronne, naamlik mense en
die omgewing, asook 'n wekroep vir belegging in handelsmerke en niche-strategieë.
Anders gestel, word die voorstel gemaak dat sulke beleggings tot voordeel van die bedryf
kan wees deur dat dit koste-besparings en verbeterde toegang tot die internasionale mark
teweeg kan bring. Daarom word die begrip etiese handel eers toegelig, gevolg deur 'n
strategiese ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Gegewe hierdie inligting, word die
sleutel geleenthede, beperkinge, en implikasies van die aanvaarding van etiese handel dan
ontleed.
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Engelbrecht, Anel. "Establishing genetic and environmental parameters for ostrich (Struthio camelus domesticus) growth and slaughter characteristics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80204.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ostrich industry is a predominantly quantitative industry; focused mainly on the production of large numbers of slaughter birds for maximum meat and leather yield. Competing in the international market in the current economic environment necessitates a more qualitative approach. Productivity and product quality are aspects that need to be improved in order to stay competitive and economically viable. Genetic parameters for ostrich slaughter traits are lacking, however, and breeding programs are yet to be developed. Data on quantitative and qualitative production and slaughter traits from a commercial ostrich breeding flock was consequently analysed to establish the relative importance of genetic and non-genetic influences on these traits. Genetic and environmental (co)variances as well as estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for and among the various traits using standard software for multi-trait genetic analyses.
Substantial variation, high and favourable genetic correlations as well as moderate to high heritability estimates were found among, and for distinguished body weight traits of growing ostriches. Heritability estimates of 0.14, 0.22, 0.33, 0.43 and 0.43 for 1-month, 4-month, 7-month, 10-month and 13-month-old ostrich weights were estimated in a five-trait animal model analysis.
All carcass component weight traits, with the exception of the weight of the liver, showed significant genetic variation. No significant maternal permanent environmental variance was evident for these traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.21 (for subcutaneous fat weight) to 0.45 (for neck weight) in multi-trait analyses. The only potentially unfavourable correlation was a high genetic correlation between live weight and subcutaneous fat weight, as fat is considered as a waste product in the present system. The heritability estimates for individual muscle weights ranged from 0.14 to 0.43, while the genetic correlation between these weights and pre-slaughter live weight were all positive, ranging from 0.59 to 0.82.
When meat quality traits were analysed it was evident that lightness (L*) and ultimate pH (pHu) showed significant genetic variation, with heritability estimates of 0.37 and 0.42, respectively. L* and pHu were negatively correlated (-0.65 ± 0.19). Since pH is an indicator of various meat quality parameters, it could be considered as an appropriate selection criterion for enhanced meat quality. With the exception of skin grading and crown length, all quantitative and qualitative skin traits showed significant genetic variation. Nodule traits were accordingly moderate to highly heritable. A negative, but favourable, correlation between weight and hair follicle score was ascertained, as hair follicles is a defect that should be selected against.
This study demonstrated that sufficient genetic variation exists for most slaughter traits to allow sustained genetic progress for these traits, should it be desired as part of the overall selection objective. Combining some of the current economically important slaughter traits in a provisional selection index, it was clear that weight and crust skin size contributed most to monetary gain (approximately 54 and 38%, respectively). It was also demonstrated with this simple index that monetary gains in slaughter bird production should be easy to achieve at all levels of production performance and data recording.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volstruisbedryf is hoofsaaklik ‘n kwantitatiewe bedryf wat meerendeels fokus op die produksie van groot getalle slagvolstruise vir die produksie van vleis en leer. Siende dat die bedryf hoofsaaklik op uitvoere fokus, word aanvaar dat ‘n verandering in strategie na ‘n meer kwalitatiewe benadering nodig is, in ag geneem die huidige ekonomiese situasie en marktoestande. Produktiwiteit sowel as produkgehalte moet in ag geneem word vir die bedryf om lewensvatbaar te bly. Daar is egter ‘n gebrek aan genetiese parameters vir volstruisslageienskappe, terwyl doeltreffende teeltstelsels nog ontwikkel moet word. Data van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe produksie- en slageienskappe is gevolglik van ‘n kommersiële volstruis teeltkudde verkry en ontleed om die relatiewe belang van genetiese en nie-genetiese effekte op die eienskappe te kwantifiseer. Genetiese- en omgewings (ko)variansies, asook beramings van oorerflikheid sowel as genetiese en fenotipiese korrelasies, is vervolgens vir en tussen die onderskeie eienskappe beraam deur van standaard sagteware vir veelvuldige-eienskap genetiese ontledings gebruik te maak.
Aansienlike variasie, hoë en meestal gunstige korrelasies, sowel as matige tot hoë oorerflikhede, is tussen en vir die onderskeie ligaamsgewigte van groeiende volstruise gevind. Oorerflikheidsberamings van 0.14, 0.22, 0.33, 0.43 en 0.43 is vir 1-maand, 4-maande, 7-maande, 10-maande en 13-maande-oue volstruise in ‘n vyf-eienskap dieremodel ontleding gekry.
Alle karkaskomponentgewigte, met die uitsondering van die gewig van die lewer, het betekenisvolle genetiese variasie getoon. Oorerflikheidsberamings het tussen 0.21 (vir onderhuidse vetgewig) en 0.45 (vir nekgewig) gevarieer in veelvuldige-eienskapontledings. Die enigste moontlike ongunstige korrelasie was tussen liggaamsgewig en onderhuidse vetgewig, siende dat vet as ‘n afvalproduk gereken word in die huidige stelsel. Die oorerflikhede van die gewigte van indiwiduele spiere het van 0.14 tot 0.43 gevarieer, terwyl die genetiese korrelsies tussen hierdie gewigte en voorslaggewig deurgaans positief was, met waardes wat van 0.59 tot 0.82 gewissel het.
Tydens die ontleding van vleisgehalte eienskappe was dit duidelik dat ligtheid (L*) en uiteindelike pH (pHu) genetiese variasie getoon het, met oorerflikheidsberamings van onderskeidelik 0.37 en 0.42. L* en pHu was negatief gekorreleerd op die genetiese vlak (-0.65 ± 0.19). Aangesien pH ‘n aanduiding is van verskeie vleisgehalteparameters, kan dit moontlik as ‘n indirekte seleksie-kriterium vir verbeterde vleisgehalte gesien word. Alle kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe veleienskappe het genetiese variasie getoon, met die uitsondering van velgradering en kroonlengte. Knoppie-eienskappe van die veerfollikels op die vel was ooreenstemmend matig tot hoog oorerflik. ‘n Negatiewe, maar gunstige, genetiese korrelasie is tussen liggaamsgewig en haarfollikelpunt beraam, siende dat haarfollikels ‘n defek is waarteen daar geselekteer moet word. Hierdie studie dui op voldoende genetiese variasie vir die meeste slageienskappe om voldoende genetiese vordering te verseker indien dit verlang sou word. Somminge van hierdie eienskappe wat tans van ekonomiese belang is, is vervolgens in ‘n voorlopige seleksie-indeks gekombineer. Dit was duidelik dat liggaamsgewig en velgrootte die meeste tot monetêre vordering bygedra het (onderskeidelik ongeveer 54 en 38%). Dit is vervolgens aangetoon dat monetêre vordering maklik haalbaar behoort te wees op alle vlakke van produksieprestasie en data-aantekening.
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Yee, Lai-wan, and 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.
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Pramanik, Amit. "Evaluation of organic and hydraulic loading on the performance of a roughing trickling filter tower using sessil media to treat a high strength industrial wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020133/.
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Zhu, Xiaying, and 朱霞颖. "Local industry and sustainable city : a case study of the traditional tea industry in Hangzhou City." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194566.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable development has become a popular trend in today's world with many national governments recognizing the severe environmental damages caused by inappropriate economic development. Cooperating with international organizations, national governments are working together to deal with the global environmental issues. In addition, sustainability has also been identified in the local development. Development strategies at the local level cause a significant change in the improvement of environment conservation, enhancement of life quality and emphasis on the harmony of society. To achieve local sustainability, industries in local communities will be confronted with challenges. This dissertation aims to investigate the relationship between local industry and sustainable city, using a case study of traditional tea industry in Hangzhou city. The research is carried out by surveys and interviews to tea farmers, local government officers and tea researchers. The dissertation shows that the implementation of sustainability in the tea industry at local level is active, but faces challenges of environmental degradation and fake tea.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Larwood, Andrew John. "Cleaner production : promoting and achieving it in the South Australian foundry industry." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl336.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.
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Loyd, Chapman Kemper. "Anaerobic/aerobic degradation of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040351/.
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Louis, Richard Joseph. "Utilization of a combined activated sludge fixed film media system for treatment of a high strength, high ammonia, industrial wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063901/.
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Zocholini, Cleomar Antonio. "Informações de hóspedes sobre conservação e gestão do uso da água em meios de hospedagem." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1400.
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Cada vez mais as atividades econômicas e recreativas demandam recursos naturais para o seu desenvolvimento. No entanto, são inevitáveis os impactos negativos causados sobre o meio ambiente e a discussão da sustentabilidade, como condição básica e indispensável para assegurar a continuidade desses processos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as informações de hóspedes sobre práticas ambientais relacionadas à gestão, conservação e ao uso da água em meios de hospedagem, em conformidade com a NBR 15401. Para tal, foram aplicados 166 questionários a hóspedes de três Meios de Hospedagem (MHs) do Roteiro Turístico Termas e Longevidade, em duas semanas com eventos na região. Os dados indicam que 38% dos sujeitos realizam o controle do consumo de água nos MHs em que se hospedam; 32% afirmam que a sua maior preocupação está relacionada ao desperdício e à contaminação da água; 15,1% indicam que os MHs em que se hospedam apresentam medidas de racionalização de uso de água, porém, de maneira isolada e não na forma de programas ambientais. As principais medidas, destacadas pelos hóspedes, implantadas nos MHs, são as torneiras com fechamento automático ou com restritores de vazão, reuso de toalhas de banho e troca de roupas de cama em dias alternados. Os dados também revelam que os MHs, eventualmente, apresentam informações aos hóspedes sobre a racionalização e a minimização no consumo de água e outros recursos naturais. Os resultados da pesquisa sinalizam medidas adotadas por hóspedes e MHs relacionadas à gestão da sustentabilidade, em especial a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Como continuidade, sugerem-se novos estudos sobre a gestão ambiental nesses empreendimentos, sobretudo em relação à participação dos hóspedes, colaboradores e gestores, identificando suas informações e atitudes em prol da minimização do consumo de água e do processo de construção do turismo sustentável.<br>Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-11-28T15:56:14Z
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-28<br>Recreational and economic activities require natural resources for theirs development, more and more. Nevertheless, negative impacts on environment and the sustainability discussion as a basic and indispensable condition are unavoidable, to ensure the continuity of these processes. This research aims to analyze the guest information about related environmental practices to the management, conservation and at the water use in lodging means, according to NBR 15401. In that case, 166 questionnaires were applied to guests of three MHs of the Longevity and Thermal Baths Tourist Route in two weeks with events in the region. The data indicate that 38% of the interviewees accomplish the water consumption control in the MHs where they are guests; 32% say that theirs biggest concern is related to waste and water contamination; 15,1% indicate that the MHs where they are guests introduce water use rationalization measures, but from isolated manner and not in the environmental programs shape. The detached main measures by guests implanted in the MHs are automatic stopcock or flow restrictors, bath towels reuse and bedclothes replace in alternated days. Occasionally, the data also reveal that the MHs introduce information to the guests about water consumption minimization and rationalization and others natural resources. The research results signalize adopted measures by guests and MHs related to sustainability management, specially the hydric resources management. As continuity, they suggest new studies about environmental management in those enterprises, especially in relation to the managers, collaborators and guests’ participation, identifying theirs information and attitudes in favor of the water consumption minimization and of the sustainable tourism construction process.
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Ayesha, Sadia. "Impact of industrial waste water on the environment: case study : Kot Lukh Put Industrial Estate, Lahore,Pakistan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260998.
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Granato, Eder Fonzar 1962. "Análise de viabilidade técnica e econômica da biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141880.
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Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior<br>Banca: Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni<br>Banca: Valeria Cristina Rodrigues Sarnighausen<br>Banca: Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonca Costa<br>Banca: Juliana Bega Junqueira<br>Resumo: O Brasil produz anualmente 30 bilhões de litros de etanol de cana de açúcar com previsão do Ministério de Minas e Energia de atingir 36 bilhões de litros em 2024. A vinhaça é o resíduo líquido, rico em potássio e matéria orgânica que resulta da destilação do etanol, na proporção de 10 a 15 litros de vinhaça para cada litro de etanol. Disposto indevidamente, pode trazer sérios riscos para o ambiente devido ao alto potencial poluidor. Os estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, possuem normas específicas sobre disposição desse resíduo, mas não atingem por completo o objetivo de controlar e mitigar os problemas, pois a disposição final da vinhaça se resume unicamente na fertirrigação sem qualquer outro tratamento. No presente trabalho, realizado no Laboratório de Biomassa do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP de Jaboticabal, analisou-se a biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça, caracterizando-se a produção de biogás e a redução do potencial poluidor. Para tanto, foram efetuados estudos de viabilidade técnica da biodigestão anaeróbia da vinhaça analisando os parâmetros: neutralização do pH da vinhaça, utilização do reciclo e estabilização da temperatura da vinhaça. Para os três parâmetros citados foram registrados e analisados dados referentes a: produção de biogás (m3), composição do biogás (% de CH4 e CO2) e redução do potencial poluidor da vinhaça após biodigestão anaeróbia (DQO). No que diz respeito a produção do biogás, os resultados considerados relevantes foram na correção do pH (aumento de 97,5%) e no aquecimento do afluente (aumento de 79%). Em relação a composição do biogás, obteve-se, aumento de 9% de metano redução de 3,6% de dióxido de carbono quando se aquece o afluente. Quando se utiliza reciclo a redução de DQO aumentou em 50% e o aquecimento do ...<br>Abstract: The Brazil annually produces 30 billion liters of ethanol from sugar cane with the Ministry of Mines and Energy forecast to reach 36 billion liters in 2024. The stillage is the liquid waste, rich in potassium and organic matter resulting from the distillation of ethanol in the proportion of 10 to 15 liters of vinasse per liter of ethanol. Willing improperly, can pose serious risks to the environment due to the high pollution potential. The states of São Paulo, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, have specific rules on disposal of this waste, but do not reach completely in order to control and mitigate the problems because the final disposal of vinasse comes down solely in fertigation without any other treatment . In this study, conducted at the Laboratory of Biomass Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of Jaboticabal UNESP, analyzed the anaerobic digestion of vinasse, characterizing the production of biogas and reduce the pollution potential. Therefore, technical feasibility studies of anaerobic digestion of vinasse were made by analyzing the parameters: pH neutralization of vinasse, use of recycling and stabilization of vinasse temperature. For the three mentioned parameters were recorded and analyzed data for: biogas production (m3), biogas composition (% CH4 and CO2) and reduced pollution potential of vinasse after anaerobic digestion (COD). As regards the production of biogas, the results were considered significant at pH correction (increase of 97.5%) and heating the influent (79% increase). For biogas composition was obtained, an increase of 9% methane 3.6% reduction of carbon dioxide when heated affluent. When COD reduction using recycled increased by 50% and heating affluent allowed increased the reduction by 62%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of this study. To determine the economic feasibility ...<br>Doutor
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Foletto, Sérgio. "Ações de sustentabilidade ambiental em meios de hospedagem do roteiro turístico vale dos vinhedos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1399.
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Que medidas de sustentabilidade ambiental estão implantadas nos meios de hospedagem do Roteiro Turístico Vale dos Vinhedos? A partir desse questionamento, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar as ações de sustentabilidade ambiental desenvolvidas em hotéis e pousadas do roteiro. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, utiliza como técnicas de coleta de dados, o questionário e a observação direta. O questionário aplicado aos gestores, embasado em um roteiro de 13 questões, buscou informações sobre: redução no consumo de energia elétrica e aumento de eficiência energética; redução do consumo de água; gestão de resíduos sólidos; meios para pesquisar a opinião de hóspedes sobre os serviços ofertados; critérios ambientais de seleção de fornecedores; medidas para minimizar a emissão de ruídos, gases e odores; programas de capacitação para colaboradores e de sensibilização para hóspedes; tratamento de efluentes e certificação ambiental por organismo especializado. Para a elaboração do questionário, foi utilizada, como ferramenta, a Matriz de Classificação dos Meios de Hospedagem do Ministério do Turismo de 2011. A observação direta foi realizada em todos os setores dos meios de hospedagem pesquisados, no sentido de identificar as ações ambientais implantadas. Os resultados demonstram como os meios de hospedagem desenvolvem ações, práticas ou programas de sustentabilidade ambiental. Constata-se que 100% das informações dos gestores indicam que as medidas de sustentabilidade são implantadas e realizadas. No entanto, são escassas as ações referentes à certificação por organismo especializado, restringindo-se, apenas, a certificações de licença ambiental de órgãos municipais. Das medidas ambientais, a redução no consumo de energia elétrica e o aumento da eficiência energética são as mais adotadas pelos meios de hospedagem. Em síntese, sugere-se que os meios de hospedagem disponibilizem, em seus sites, as ações ou práticas ambientais constantes do seu planejamento e que sejam realizados programas internos de capacitação para gestores e colaboradores, bem como de sensibilização de hóspedes, no sentido de motivá-los e comprometê-los com as ações de sustentabilidade ambiental, implantadas nos meios de hospedagem.<br>Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-11-28T15:26:44Z
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-28<br>What environmental sustainability measures are implemented in the lodging means of the Roteiro Turístico Vale dos Vinhedos? From that question, the study aims to analyze the environmental sustainability actions developed in hotels and hostels in the route. From exploratory character, the research uses as data collection techniques, questionnaire and direct observation. The questionnaire applied to the managers, based on 13 questions, it searched information about: reduction in electrical energy consumption and energetic efficiency increase; water consumption reduction; solid residue management; means for searching the guests opinion about offered services; environmental criteria for suppliers selection; measures to minimize odors, gases and noises emission; training programs for collaborators and sensitization to guests; effluents treatment and environmental certification by specialized organism. For the questionnaire preparation was used as a tool, the 2011 Tourism Ministry’s Lodging Means Rating Matrix. Direct observation was accomplished in all sectors of the lodging means searched to identify the implemented environmental actions. The results demonstrate as the lodging means develop actions, practices or environmental sustainability programs. It verifies itself that 100% of the managers information indicate that sustainability measures are implemented and accomplished. However, the actions relating to certification by specialized organism are insufficient, refraining from only the environmental license certification municipal sectors. From the environmental measures, reduction in electrical energy consumption and energetic efficiency increase are the most adopted by the lodging means. It follows that it proposes which the lodging means make available in their websites, the actions or constant environmental practices of its planning and that they are accomplished internal training programs for managers and collaborators, as well as guests sensitization, to motivate them and compromise them with implemented environmental sustainability actions in the lodging means.
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Gurgel, Estelita Maria [UNESP]. "Recuperação de papel e papelão na usina de triagem de lixo de Lençóis Paulista - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132232.
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000853230.pdf: 3862834 bytes, checksum: f0f3b2d756bc529110b1b56a059fd39b (MD5)<br>Diante da complexidade e dos desafios que envolvem a recuperação de materiais recicláveis dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, especialmente o papel/papelão, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como essa atividade se desenvolve no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, a pesquisa explora uma usina de triagem de lixo operada por uma cooperativa de catadores em Lençóis Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, onde se desenvolve tal atividade, com o intuito de verificar se a prática promove benefícios ambientais, sociais e/ou econômicos e se o papel/papelão ali recuperado está apto para reciclagem. Este estudo busca conhecer o processo de recuperação empregado e a razão de utilizá-lo; a representatividade do papel/papelão sobre a massa total dos resíduos triados e sobre os demais materiais recuperados; os tipos de papel/papelão mais recuperados e os critérios usados nessa classificação; as características físicas e químicas gerais do papel/papelão resultante do processo utilizado. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso exploratório e as técnicas de investigação foram: levantamento de dados, análise de arquivos, entrevistas, observação, registro fotográfico, artefato físico e análise laboratorial. Verificou-se que o papel/papelão foi o material mais recuperado, em peso, e o segundo que mais gerou renda para a cooperativa de catadores no período analisado. No entanto, contatou-se que o processo empregado na recuperação é extremamente rudimentar, insalubre e ineficiente e que o papel/papelão extraído do lixo é visivelmente sujo e úmido. Concluiu-se que a atividade promove benefícios sociais, proporcionando trabalho e renda para uma população marginalizada; contribui para a diminuição de alguns gastos públicos municipais, desde que operada pela cooperativa de catadores; mas deixa dúvidas sobre a efetividade dos benefícios ambientais. Nas condições em que foram ...<br>Given the complexity and challenges involving the recovery of recyclable materials from urban solid waste, especially paper/cardboard, this research aims to investigate how this activity develops in the Brazilian context. Therefore, the research explores a garbage sorting plant operated by a cooperative of waste pickers in Lençóis Paulista, State of São Paulo, where it develops such activity, in order to verify if the practice promotes environmental, social, and/or economic benefits, and if the paper/cardboard recovered is fit for recycling. This study seeks to understand the recovery process employed and the reason for using it; the representativeness of the paper/cardboard on the total mass of sorted waste and on the other recovered materials; types of paper/cardboard mostly recovered and the criteria used in this classification; general physical and chemical characteristics of paper/cardboard resulting from the process used. The method adopted was the exploratory study case and the investigation techniques used were: data collection, analysis files, interviews, observation, photographic records, physical artifact and laboratory analysis. It was found that the paper/cardboard was the most recovered material by weight, and the second that generated the most income for the cooperative pickers in the period analyzed. However, it was found that the process used in the recovery is extremely rudimentary, unhealthy and inefficient, and that the paper/cardboard extracted from waste is visibly dirty and damp. It was concluded that the activity promotes social benefits, providing jobs and income for a marginalized population; it contributes to the reduction of some municipal public spending, since it operated by the cooperative pickers; but leaves questions about the effectiveness of environmental benefits. In those observed conditions, it is unlikely that the recovered paper can be utilized as raw materia ...