Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives"

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Tellnes, Lars G. F., Gry Alfredsen, Per Otto Flæte, and Lone Ross Gobakken. "Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products." Holzforschung 74, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0055.

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AbstractCarbon footprint over the life cycle is one of the most common environmental performance indicators. In recent years, several wood material producers have published environmental product declarations (EPDs) according to the EN 15804, which makes it possible to compare the carbon footprint of product alternatives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of service life aspects by comparing the carbon footprint of treated wood decking products with similar performance expectations. The results showed that the modified wood products had substantially larger carbon footprints during manufacturing than preservative-treated decking materials. Replacement of modified wood during service life creates a huge impact on life cycle carbon footprint, while maintenance with oil provided a large contribution for preservative-treated decking. Hence, service life and maintenance intervals are crucial for the performance ranking between products. The methodological issues to be aware of are: how the functional unit specifies the key performance requirements for the installed product, and whether full replacement is the best modeling option in cases where the decking installation is close to the end of the required service life.
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Lande, Stig, Mats Westin, and Marc H. Schneider. "Eco‐efficient wood protection." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830410553979.

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This paper aims to show the potential decay resistance of furfurylated wood and investigate possible eco‐toxicity of such materials produced. This paper deals with the environmental aspects and durability of furfurylated wood, both laboratory and field tests are included in the investigations. Results from several decay tests, emission analysis studies and ecotox tests are presented. The results show that furfurylated wood is highly decay resistant. Furthermore, no significant increase in eco‐toxicity of leaching water was found and degradation through combustion does not release any volatile organic compounds or poly‐aromatic hydrocarbons above normal levels for wood combustion. Durability enhancement by furfurylation of wood is not believed to be harmful to the environment. Wood modified with furfuryl alcohol, “furfurylated wood”, is currently being marketed as a non‐toxic alternative to traditional preservative treated wood (wood impregnated with biocides). This paper summarises much of the long term exposure of furfurylated wood ever caried out, and present the first eco‐tox tests on such material ever done.
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Łebkowska, Maria, Monica Załęska-Radziwiłł, Anna Rutkowska-Narożniak, and Stanisław Kobiela. "Toxicity assessment of wood preservatives." Environment International 28, no. 8 (March 2003): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00113-7.

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Stroo, Hans, Chris Cosentini, Tedd Ronning, and Mark Larsen. "Natural biodegradation of wood preservatives." Remediation Journal 7, no. 4 (September 1997): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440070408.

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Wang, Ya Mei, Xi Ming Wang, and Xue Qi Li. "Maybe Absolutely Green - with Chinese Traditional Medicine as Wood Preservative." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.650.

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An important way of conservation and protection of forest resources is wood preservative treatment. Currently, chemical preservatives are always used in the wood preservative treatment. Therefore, preservatives security has become an important environmental issue. This study focuses on national wood preservation, which workers are committed on. Many studies have been directed to look for new preservatives that are harmless to humans, animals and environment. Chinese herbal medicine as a wood preservative is selected for the environmental pollution problems of inorganic preservatives. In this paper, according to the application of traditional Chinese medicine, the nature of wood preservative and a preliminary study by the relevant trial, the theory of Chinese herbal medicine wood preservative is proposed. The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine can be used as wood preservatives. Finally, the paper puts forward the potential abilities of Chinese herbal medicine as wood preservatives.
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Cordier, S., M. Poisson, M. Gerin, J. Varin, F. Conso, and D. Hemon. "Gliomas and exposure to wood preservatives." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.45.10.705.

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Christen, Kris. "Government Watch: Transatlantic differences on wood preservatives." Environmental Science & Technology 37, no. 5 (March 2003): 89A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es032376t.

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Quattrucci, E., and V. Masci. "Nutritional aspects of food preservatives." Food Additives and Contaminants 9, no. 5 (September 1992): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039209374105.

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Edlund, Marie-Louise, and Thomas Nilsson. "Performance of Copper and Non-Copper Based Wood Preservatives in Terrestrial Microcosms." Holzforschung 53, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.061.

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Summary The use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has become restricted in several countries due to environmental concerns. As a consequence, several chromium and arsenic free preservatives based on fungicides, regarded as more environmentally acceptable, have been developed. Most of these preservatives have only been tested in the laboratory against pure cultures of basidiomycetes and their long term effectiveness in practice is in many cases unknown. The effectiveness of six different preservatives, representing different types and combinations of fungicides, against mixed natural populations of micro-organisms, was evaluated during one year in terrestrial microcosms with soils known to provide high activity of different types of wood destroying micro-organisms. Of the fungicides tested, copper compounds provided the best protection against wood destroying micro-organisms. Copper free preservatives provided good protection against pure cultures of brown- and white rot fungi, but were ineffective when treated stakes were exposed in unsterile soils.
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Doruk, Şemsettin. "Determining the effect of synthetic-based varnish and impregnation on wood’s shear strength under cold climate conditions." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 3377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3377-3390.

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Glue shear strength and wood preservatives play an important role in the longevity of engineered wood products. The effects of factors such as UV rays, humidity, and temperature on wooden materials are known. However, it is not known what effects sub-zero temperatures have on wood material and how wood preservatives play a role. This study determined the effects of synthetic-based varnish and impregnation on shear strength in cold climatic conditions. Variables including glue type, ambient temperature, tree type, and process type were investigated. Wood laminate test samples were produced for this purpose, and water repellent impregnation material and synthetic-based varnish were used as wood preservatives. Experimental samples were kept in a cold air cabinet at (-15 °C) and (-30 °C) temperature for 90 days. Samples kept in different temperature conditions were subjected to a pull experiment in a parallel (//) direction to the fibers under static load. As the ambient temperature decreased, the shear strength decreased (-15 °C: 8,960 N/mm2 ,-30 °C: 8,025 N/mm2 ) . When the performance of wood preservation elements were examined, it was determined that the varnish process (8,875 N/mm2) and the impregnation process (8,691 N/mm2) were not statistically significant, at 12% and 10%, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives"

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Albuquerque, Ruth Margaret. "The environmental effects of CCA-treated wood use in the sea." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714464.

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Dubey, Brajesh Kumar. "Comparison of environmental impacts of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)and three different arsenic-free preservatives." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013092.

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Baker, Scott Alan. "Activated sludge biotreatability of pulp and paper bleach wastes : investigation of bleaching options." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21647.

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Forsström, Jennie. "Fundamental Aspects on the Re-use of Wood Based Fibres : Porous Structure of Fibres and Ink Detachment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-84.

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In this work, different aspects on the re-use of wood based fibres have been studied, focusing on ink detachment of flexographic ink from model cellulose surfaces and changes in porous structure of kraft fibres following different treatments. New model systems for evaluation of ink detachment and ink-cellulose interactions were used. Ink detachment was studied using Impinging jet cell equipment, taking into consideration the influence of storage conditions, surface roughness and surface energy of the cellulose substrate. A micro adhesion measurement apparatus (MAMA) was used to directly study ink-cellulose interactions, from which the adhesive properties between ink and cellulose, having various surface energies, could be derived. UV-light, elevated temperatures, longer storage time, decreased surface energy, i.e. making the cellulose surface more hydrophobic, and high surface roughness all negatively affected ink detachment. Attenuated total reflectance - fourier transform infra red (ATR-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate structural and chemical changes of ink and cellulose upon storage at elevated temperature or under UV-light. After storage at elevated temperatures, ATR-FTIR spectra indicated that a hydrolysis or an oxidative reaction took place as a peak at 1710 cm-1 appeared. AFM revealed that storage at elevated temperatures caused the latex particles present in the ink to form a film, most likely due to annealing. Less ink detached from hydrophobic cellulose surfaces. Ink detachment decreased for rougher cellulose substrates due to an increased molecular contact area.

Fibre pore structure and water retaining ability influenced fibre/fibre joint strength and different paper strength properties. Investigations took into account the effect of pulp yield, counter-ion types, pH, salt, hornification and strength enhancing additives. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation (NMR), inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC) and water retention value (WRV) measured the changes that occur in the fibre wall upon varying the conditions. Each different measuring technique contained unique information such that a combination of the techniques was necessary to give as complete a picture as possible over the changes that occurred in the fibre wall upon varying the conditions for the fibre. A correlation between fibre pore radius and sheet strength properties was found, suggesting that fibres with larger pores allow for a larger molecular contact area between fibres to be formed during drying and consolidation of the paper. Fibre/fibre joint strength, fibre flexibility, and the number of efficient fibre/fibre contacts also controlled sheet strength. The effect of different strength enhancing additives on fibre pore structure and paper strength was investigated. Larger pores in the fibres allowed for additives to penetrate into the fibre wall. Additives with low molecular mass (Mw) penetrated into the fibre wall to a larger extent than additives with a high Mw, causing an embrittlement of the fibre. However, low Mw additives gave higher sheet tensile strength despite a leveling out in strength at high additions, indicating that the fibre wall can only adsorb a limited amount of chemical. Polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of PAH and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were added separately to the pulp. PEC significantly improved both tensile strength and Z-strength, whereas PAH alone did not increase the strength properties to the same extent unless the sheets were heated to 150°C for 10 minutes. The results suggested that the effect of PEC was dominated by an improvement in fibre/fibre joint strength, whereas the effect of PAH was significantly affected by an improvement of the intra-fibre bond strength

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Fortin, Nathalie. "Molecular characterization of dechlorination potential in kraft pulp mill effluent treatment systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27317.

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Many low molecular weight chlorinated organic compounds produced by the pulp and paper industry during kraft bleaching of the wood pulp are toxic. Mass balance studies suggest that mineralization of chlorinated organics is occurring in pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment systems. To understand the nature of dechlorination activity, molecular tools such as oligonucleotide primers and corresponding DNA probes were developed to monitor the presence of microorganisms possessing key genes (dehalogenases) responsible for the degradation of chloroaliphatic organics in kraft pulp mill effluent treatment systems. Oligonucleotide primers designed from the coding sequence of known dehalogenases and a methane monooxygenase gene, which is known to catalyze dehalogenation reactions, were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, using genomic DNA extracted from dehalogenating bacterial isolates and total community DNA extracted from water and sediments of lagoon treatment systems. PCR amplification with dhlB oligonucleotide primers, designed from the haloacid dehalogenase of Xanthobacter autotrophicus, revealed the presence of dehalogenase genes in both aerated lagoons and stabilization basins. Similar results were obtained with mmoX primers designed from the methane monooxygenase gene of Methylococcus capsulatus. DNA sequence analysis of several PCR fragments showed significant similarity to known dehalogenase genes. The molecular tools developed in this study revealed the presence of different types of microorganisms with dechlorination potential in the microbial community of pulp mill effluents.
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Hart, Peter W. "Formation and release of adsorbable organic halogens during kraft pulp bleaching." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11219.

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Stevens, Jefferson Allen. "Fundamental aspects of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of kraft pulp in ECF and TCF bleaching sequences." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10269.

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Agrawal, Chhaya. "The effectiveness of TAED on peroxide bleaching." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12126.

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Rigby, Tracey. "Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the separation and detection of resin acids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/MQ64439.pdf.

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Krook, Joakim. "Concentrate or dilute contaminants? : Strategies for Swedish wood waste." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7563.

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Books on the topic "Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives"

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Petty, Janette E. Wood preservatives: A chronology of regulatory action & bibliography. Washington, D.C: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division, Chemical Information Branch, 1985.

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Konasewich, Dennis E. Creosote wood preservation facilities: Recommendations for design and operation. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Environment Canada, 1988.

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Konasewich, Dennis E. Ammoniacal copper arsenate wood preservation facilities: Recommendations for design and operation. Ottawa, Ont: Environmental Canada, Environmental Protection Service, 1988.

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Xiao, Y. Effects of water flow rate and temperature on leaching from creosote-treated wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2002.

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Franks, Bernard J. Hydrogeology and flow of water in a sand and gravel aquifer contaminated by wood-preserving compounds, Pensacola, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Xiao, Y. Effects of water flow rate and temperature on leaching from creosote-treated wood. Madison, Wis: Forest Products Laboratory, 2002.

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Konasewich, Dennis E. Chromated copper arsenate wood preservation facilities: Recommendations for design and operation. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Environment Canada, 1988.

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Konasewich, Dennis E. Pentachlorophenol wood preservation facilities: Recommendations for design and operation. Ottawa, Ont: Environmenta Canada, Conservation and Protection, 1988.

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Konasewich, Dennis E. Pentachlorophenol thermal wood preservation facilities: Recommendations for design and operation. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, Environmental Protection, 1988.

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DeBrou, Gary B. Air quality survey (TAGA) Domtar, Trenton, May 1987. [Toronto]: Ontario Air Resources Branch, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives"

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Mezerette, Corinne, and Philippe Girard. "Environmental Aspects of Gaseous Emissions from Wood Carbonisation and Pyrolysis Processes." In Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization, 263–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3844-4_11.

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Omae, Amy, David Hahn, Helena Solo-Gabriele, and Timothy Townsend. "Identification of Wood Treated with Waterborne Metal-Based Preservatives." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 329–47. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216.ch18.

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"Identification of Wood Treated with Waterborne Metal-Based Preservatives." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 347–66. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216-22.

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Rao, K., Jeffrey Morrell, and Bollineni Tarakanadha. "Impacts of Wood Preservatives on Settlement and Growth of Fouling Organisms." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 191–208. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216.ch11.

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Waldron, Levi, Tony Ung, and Paul Cooper. "Modeling the Leaching of Inorganic Components of Wood Preservatives in Service." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 139–56. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216.ch8.

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"Impacts of Wood Preservatives on Settlement and Growth of Fouling Organisms." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 209–32. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216-15.

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"Modeling the Leaching of Inorganic Components of Wood Preservatives in Service." In Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood, 157–74. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006216-12.

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Yadav, Ranjana, and Jitendra Kumar. "Engineered Wood Products as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Review." In Engineered Wood Products for Construction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99597.

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Engineered wood products are considered as best building materials due to environmentally friendly. Huge change to the way in which wood has been utilized in primary application of construction in the course of the most recent 25 years are in light of decreased admittance to high strength timber from growth forests, and the turn of events and creation of various new design of manufactured wood products. Engineered wood products are available in different variety of sizes and measurements like laminated veneer lumber, glued laminated timber, finger jointed lumber, oriental strand board etc. It is utilized for rooftop and floor sheathing, solid structure, beams and the hull of boats. This review objectively explores not only the environmental aspects of the use of different engineered wood composites as a building material, but also their economic aspects, to understand their effect on sustainability.
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Emre Ilgın, Hüseyin, and Markku Karjalainen. "Perceptions, Attitudes, and Interests of Architects in the Use of Engineered Wood Products for Construction: A Review." In Engineered Wood Products for Construction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98588.

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Increased use of engineered wood products (EWPs) and thus decreasing share of non-biobased materials such as concrete reduces the impact of buildings on the climate by mitigating the primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in construction. A construction project includes many parameters, where the selection of construction material is one of the crucial decisions with its numerous criteria e.g. cost, strength, environmental impact. Furthermore, this complicated process includes different parties such as architects, engineers, contractors. Architects are among the key decision-makers in material selection, and their perceptions influence what they propose and hence an increase in wood construction. In literature, many studies have been conducted on the technological, ecological, economic aspects of EWPs, while limited studies are focusing on EWPs for construction from stakeholders’ perspective. In this chapter, architects’ attitudes towards the use of EWPs in buildings were scrutinized.
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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives"

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Stavrov, Kire, Strahinja Trpevski, and Darko Draganovski. "The Importance of the Thermal Aspects in Designing Public Buildings Along with Timber Structures." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021128n5.

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One of the most challenging aspects of buildings at present times is the process of merging thermal with environmental qualities in architecture. Therefore, to execute this process, it is necessary to have healthy and sustainable design strategies. One of the main problems in this joint strategy is providing efficiency, quality, and aesthetics within the buildings. Raising the question of this topic in the public buildings makes this issue even more complex and more emblematic. Before delivering a certain indoor quality of the structures, there is a tremendous necessity of proposing sustainable and efficient design approaches. Accordingly, in this text, wood buildings are taken into account. This research integrates sustainability and thermal aspects of public building design such as libraries. For that reason, the application of the results may find a place between various design methodologies to indicate thermal qualities.
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Spišáková, Marcela, Mária Kozlovská, and Jozef Švajlenka. "ASSESSMENT OF WOODEN BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/23.

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Construction industry creates an environment for people's lives. On the other hand, construction activities have a negative impact on various aspects of the environment. It consumes natural raw materials, significantly contributes to carbon footprint, waste, etc. Appropriate choice of constructional, material, technical, technological and environmental parameters of buildings can partially reduce this negative impacts. By designing, implementing and using wood-based constructions it is possible to reduce the negative impact in the area of construction waste generation. Currently, the construction market offers a large number of construction systems of wooden buildings, which have both strengths and weaknesses. In this paper are identified construction systems of wooden buildings offered on the Slovak construction market. The aim of the paper is a detailed identification of construction waste generation during the realization of particular wooden structures and monitoring of waste generation in production factory (off site) and on construction site (on site) during the construction of wooden buildings. Based on the obtained information, the individual construction systems of wood-based constructions are compared in terms of construction waste generation
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.

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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Arnulfi, Gianmario L., and Marco Fabris. "A Stand-Alone Syngas-Fuelled Small-Size CHP GT." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63656.

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Efforts are being made to achieve environmental sustainability by combining heat and power production and exploiting renewable resources, in order to save primary energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study concerns a stand-alone 1-megawatt plant composed of a wood pyrolyzer and a combined heat and power plant based on a gas turbine. Care is devoted to saving the solid-state product of the pyrolysis reaction (biochar), both to produce agricultural fertilizer and to sequester carbon dioxide, i.e., the emissions avoided by not burning biochar. The plant is simulated by three in-house codes: gas turbine off-design performance, pyrolysis process and time-by-time integrated plant working. A quasi steady-state, lumped parameter approach is adopted. While components models are taken from the literature, solver algorithms are partly original. In this first step of the research, a stand-alone plant with a zero-volume syngas tank is analyzed. Technical aspects alone, without considering economic or legal implications, are investigated. Our simulation suggests that there is no primary energy saving in comparison with separate heat and power systems, as shaft efficiency is too low, but that a remarkable saving in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved.
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5

Hersh, Benjamin, and Amin Mirkouei. "Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar From Organic Wastes and Advanced Feedstocks." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97896.

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Abstract Recent interest in reducing stress on the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus requires the use of renewable, organic products that can subsequently address environmental sustainability concerns, such as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Pyrolysis-derived biochar from organic wastes (e.g., nutrient-rich agricultural wastes and leftovers, forest harvest residues, and cattle manure) and advanced feedstocks (e.g., algae) is capable of addressing ever-increasing global FEW concerns. Biochar water-nutrient holding capacity and carbon sequestration are key attributes for improving organic farming and irrigation management. The major challenge to commercialize biochar production from organic wastes is the conversion process. Pyrolysis process is a cost-effective and successful approach in comparison to other conversion technologies (e.g., gasification) due to low energy requirement and capital cost, as well as high process efficiency and biochar quality. To determine the environmental impacts of the biochar production process, an analysis of the material, energy, and emission flows of a small-scale pyrolysis process is conducted for a real case study, using life cycle assessment method with the assistance of available life cycle inventory databases within OpenLCA software. The results demonstrate that this study is able to enhance sustainability aspects across FEW systems by (a) employing a portable refinery to address upstream challenges (i.e., collection, transportation, and preprocessing) of waste-to-biochar life cycle, (b) recycling domestic forest and agricultural residues (e.g., pine wood), (c) producing organic biochar-derived soil conditioners that can improve organic cropping and FEW systems. Ultimately, we conclude by discussing techno-economic and socio-environmental implications of biochar production from organic wastes and advanced feedstocks.
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6

Salomón, Marianne, María F. Gómez, James Spelling, and Andrew Martin. "Optimization of a Sawmill-Based Polygeneration Plant." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95844.

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Biomass-based fuels have attracted worldwide interest due to their plentiful supply and their environmentally friendly characteristics. In many cases they are still considered waste but for most industries in Sweden, biomass has changed from being simply a disposal problem to become an important part of the energy supply, thanks to the long-term efforts made by the government, researchers and industry, where energy policies have played an important role. However, the amount of power that could be generated from biomass resources is much greater than that which is currently used. To effectively capture this resource requires a new generation of biomass power plants and their effective integration into already existing industrial processes. The implementation of an integrated polygeneration scheme requires the simultaneous consideration of technical, economic and environmental factors to find optimum solutions. With this in mind, a unified modeling approach that takes into account thermodynamic as well as economic and environmental aspects was used. The analysis was done using ASPEN Utilities and the MATLAB optimization toolbox. A specific case of a sawmill in Sweden, with an annual capacity of 130’000 m3 of sawn wood, has been analyzed and different options for generating electricity and process heat (for the sawmill and for a district heating network) as well as densified biofuels was analyzed. Optimization was then applied for different configurations and operational parameters. The results show that the sawmill has the capability to not only supply its own energy needs, but also to export from 0.4 to 1MW of electricity to the grid, contribute 5 to 6 MWth of district heating and 20 000 ton/y of biomass pellets. The production of pellets helps to maintain the electricity production throughout the year when the district heating demand is lower. However, the levelized electricity cost is higher than the usual electricity price in the Nordic electricity market and may have difficulty to competing with low-cost electricity sources, such as nuclear energy and hydropower. In spite of this, polygeneration remains attractive for covering the energy demands of the sawmill and pelletization plant.
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