Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives.

Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Environmental aspects of Wood preservatives.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Tellnes, Lars G. F., Gry Alfredsen, Per Otto Flæte, and Lone Ross Gobakken. "Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products." Holzforschung 74, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0055.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCarbon footprint over the life cycle is one of the most common environmental performance indicators. In recent years, several wood material producers have published environmental product declarations (EPDs) according to the EN 15804, which makes it possible to compare the carbon footprint of product alternatives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of service life aspects by comparing the carbon footprint of treated wood decking products with similar performance expectations. The results showed that the modified wood products had substantially larger carbon footprints during manufacturing than preservative-treated decking materials. Replacement of modified wood during service life creates a huge impact on life cycle carbon footprint, while maintenance with oil provided a large contribution for preservative-treated decking. Hence, service life and maintenance intervals are crucial for the performance ranking between products. The methodological issues to be aware of are: how the functional unit specifies the key performance requirements for the installed product, and whether full replacement is the best modeling option in cases where the decking installation is close to the end of the required service life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lande, Stig, Mats Westin, and Marc H. Schneider. "Eco‐efficient wood protection." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830410553979.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to show the potential decay resistance of furfurylated wood and investigate possible eco‐toxicity of such materials produced. This paper deals with the environmental aspects and durability of furfurylated wood, both laboratory and field tests are included in the investigations. Results from several decay tests, emission analysis studies and ecotox tests are presented. The results show that furfurylated wood is highly decay resistant. Furthermore, no significant increase in eco‐toxicity of leaching water was found and degradation through combustion does not release any volatile organic compounds or poly‐aromatic hydrocarbons above normal levels for wood combustion. Durability enhancement by furfurylation of wood is not believed to be harmful to the environment. Wood modified with furfuryl alcohol, “furfurylated wood”, is currently being marketed as a non‐toxic alternative to traditional preservative treated wood (wood impregnated with biocides). This paper summarises much of the long term exposure of furfurylated wood ever caried out, and present the first eco‐tox tests on such material ever done.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Łebkowska, Maria, Monica Załęska-Radziwiłł, Anna Rutkowska-Narożniak, and Stanisław Kobiela. "Toxicity assessment of wood preservatives." Environment International 28, no. 8 (March 2003): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00113-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Stroo, Hans, Chris Cosentini, Tedd Ronning, and Mark Larsen. "Natural biodegradation of wood preservatives." Remediation Journal 7, no. 4 (September 1997): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440070408.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wang, Ya Mei, Xi Ming Wang, and Xue Qi Li. "Maybe Absolutely Green - with Chinese Traditional Medicine as Wood Preservative." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.650.

Full text

Abstract:

An important way of conservation and protection of forest resources is wood preservative treatment. Currently, chemical preservatives are always used in the wood preservative treatment. Therefore, preservatives security has become an important environmental issue. This study focuses on national wood preservation, which workers are committed on. Many studies have been directed to look for new preservatives that are harmless to humans, animals and environment. Chinese herbal medicine as a wood preservative is selected for the environmental pollution problems of inorganic preservatives. In this paper, according to the application of traditional Chinese medicine, the nature of wood preservative and a preliminary study by the relevant trial, the theory of Chinese herbal medicine wood preservative is proposed. The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine can be used as wood preservatives. Finally, the paper puts forward the potential abilities of Chinese herbal medicine as wood preservatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Cordier, S., M. Poisson, M. Gerin, J. Varin, F. Conso, and D. Hemon. "Gliomas and exposure to wood preservatives." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.45.10.705.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Christen, Kris. "Government Watch: Transatlantic differences on wood preservatives." Environmental Science & Technology 37, no. 5 (March 2003): 89A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es032376t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Quattrucci, E., and V. Masci. "Nutritional aspects of food preservatives." Food Additives and Contaminants 9, no. 5 (September 1992): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039209374105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Edlund, Marie-Louise, and Thomas Nilsson. "Performance of Copper and Non-Copper Based Wood Preservatives in Terrestrial Microcosms." Holzforschung 53, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.061.

Full text

Abstract:

Summary The use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has become restricted in several countries due to environmental concerns. As a consequence, several chromium and arsenic free preservatives based on fungicides, regarded as more environmentally acceptable, have been developed. Most of these preservatives have only been tested in the laboratory against pure cultures of basidiomycetes and their long term effectiveness in practice is in many cases unknown. The effectiveness of six different preservatives, representing different types and combinations of fungicides, against mixed natural populations of micro-organisms, was evaluated during one year in terrestrial microcosms with soils known to provide high activity of different types of wood destroying micro-organisms. Of the fungicides tested, copper compounds provided the best protection against wood destroying micro-organisms. Copper free preservatives provided good protection against pure cultures of brown- and white rot fungi, but were ineffective when treated stakes were exposed in unsterile soils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Doruk, Şemsettin. "Determining the effect of synthetic-based varnish and impregnation on wood’s shear strength under cold climate conditions." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 3377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3377-3390.

Full text

Abstract:

Glue shear strength and wood preservatives play an important role in the longevity of engineered wood products. The effects of factors such as UV rays, humidity, and temperature on wooden materials are known. However, it is not known what effects sub-zero temperatures have on wood material and how wood preservatives play a role. This study determined the effects of synthetic-based varnish and impregnation on shear strength in cold climatic conditions. Variables including glue type, ambient temperature, tree type, and process type were investigated. Wood laminate test samples were produced for this purpose, and water repellent impregnation material and synthetic-based varnish were used as wood preservatives. Experimental samples were kept in a cold air cabinet at (-15 °C) and (-30 °C) temperature for 90 days. Samples kept in different temperature conditions were subjected to a pull experiment in a parallel (//) direction to the fibers under static load. As the ambient temperature decreased, the shear strength decreased (-15 °C: 8,960 N/mm2 ,-30 °C: 8,025 N/mm2 ) . When the performance of wood preservation elements were examined, it was determined that the varnish process (8,875 N/mm2) and the impregnation process (8,691 N/mm2) were not statistically significant, at 12% and 10%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

DIAS, K. B., and R. M. BARREIROS. "PRESERVATIVES FOR RAPID GROWTH TIMBER - A REVIEW." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.244_periodico30_pgs_241_251.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

The shortage of species that are resistant to biological deterioration has forced man to use less durable, mainly fast-growing, reforestations, such as some species of Eucalyptus and Pinus. These species have moderate or no resistance to the attack of biological agents and require condoms. The decomposition of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi causes significant economic loss. Until recently, the most widely used wood preservative was chromium copper arsenate (CCA). However, the use of CCA in the treatment of wood has been banned for more than a decade because of issues raised regarding the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. As CCA replacements, arsenic-free and chrome-free wood preservatives are sought. Thus, the aim of research has been to develop environmentally correct and effective products against the attack of biodeteriorating agents. This article reviews the alternatives you have searched for. The search for alternatives to current condoms has been efficient, but not effective, that is, a viable alternative to existing products has not yet been found. Based on several studies, the demand for a preservative for wood can be divided into extractives of plants and by-products of processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Guillén, Yudith, David Navias, and Ángela Machuca. "Tolerance to wood preservatives by copper-tolerant wood-rot fungi native to south-central Chile." Biodegradation 20, no. 1 (July 25, 2008): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-008-9207-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lorentzen, Johnny C., Stephanie A. Juran, Lena Ernstgård, Mats J. Olsson, and Gunnar Johanson. "Chloroanisoles and Chlorophenols Explain Mold Odor but Their Impact on the Swedish Population Is Attributed to Dampness and Mold." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030930.

Full text

Abstract:

We recently reported that mold odor may be explained by chloroanisoles (CAs) formed by microbial biotransformation of chlorophenols (CPs) in legacy wood preservatives. Here we examine psychophysical aspects of CAs and trace their historic origins in buildings. Our exposure of healthy volunteers shows that 2,4,6-triCA is often perceived as unpleasant, characterized as musty or moldy and is detected at 13 ng/m3 or lower. Similar concentrations are reported in buildings with odor complaints. Scrutiny of written records reveal that new building construction methods were introduced in the 1950s, namely crawlspaces and concrete slabs on the ground. These constructions were prone to dampness and attack from wood decay fungi, prompting chemical companies and authorities to advocate preservatives against rot. Simultaneously, CPs became household chemicals used for example in indoor paints. When large-scale odor problems evolved, the authorities that once approved the preservatives attributed the odor to hidden mold, with no evidence that substantial microbial biomass was necessary for odor formation. Thereby the public remained unaware of problematic exposure to CPs and CAs. We conclude that the introduction of inappropriate designs of house foundations and CP-based preservatives once ignited and still provide impetus for indoor air research on “dampness and mold”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Barbero-López, Aitor, Jarkko Akkanen, Reijo Lappalainen, Sirpa Peräniemi, and Antti Haapala. "Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative." Science of The Total Environment 753 (January 2021): 142013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hill, Callum, Mark Hughes, and Daniel Gudsell. "Environmental Impact of Wood Modification." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030366.

Full text

Abstract:

The modification of wood involves extra processing over and above what is associated with un-modified material and this will involve an associated environmental impact. There is now a body of information on this due to the presence in the public domain of a number of environmental product declarations (EPDs). Using these data, it is possible to determine what the extra impact associated with the modification is. The process of modification results in a life extension of the product, which has implications regarding the storage of sequestered atmospheric carbon in the harvested wood products (HWP) materials’ pool and also extended maintenance cycles (e.g., longer periods between applying coatings). Furthermore, the life extension benefits imparted by wood modification need to be compared with the use of other technologies, such as conventional wood preservatives. This paper analysed the published data from a number of sources (peer-reviewed literature, published EPDs, databases) to compare the impacts associated with different modification technologies. The effect of life extension was examined by modelling the carbon flow dynamics of the HWP pool and determining the effect of different life extension scenarios. Finally, the paper examined the impact of different coating periods, and the extensions thereof, imparted by the use of different modified wood substrates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Pohlandt, Katrin, Michael Strecker, and Rainer Marutzky. "Ash from the combustion of wood treated with inorganic wood preservatives: Element composition and leaching." Chemosphere 26, no. 12 (June 1993): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90338-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Zhang, Shi Cheng, Ya Zhe Jiang, Jiu Yin Pang, and Chuan Sun. "Study on the Process of Extracting Xylan." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1952.

Full text

Abstract:

Xylan preservatives are the new environmental, pollution-free wood preservatives, which are harmless to humans and animals. Using bagasse, rice husk, corn cob, birch and so on as raw materials to extract xylan widely used in industry. The optimal alkaline extracting conditions were: alkali concentration: 12%; ratio of solid to liquid: 1:10; extraction time and temperature were 2h and 100 °C respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Schenk, Guido, Heinz Rothweiler, and Christian Schlatter. "Human Exposure to Airborne Pesticides in Homes Treated with Wood Preservatives." Indoor Air 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1997.00008.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Oh, Jeong-Joo, and Gyu-Hyeok Kim. "The effects of pH on copper leaching from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives." Holzforschung 74, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0218.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAs pH of leaching medium is an important factor in the leaching of wood preservative components, its effects on leaching should be quantified to ensure environmentally safe use of treated wood. In this study, the effects of pH on leaching of copper from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives [alkaline copper quat (ACQ)-2, bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-copper (CuHDO)-3, and copper azole (CUAZ)-3] were evaluated in comparison with wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-3. Radiata pine sapwood blocks treated with these preservatives were leached at five pH levels (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 6.5). The leached blocks were subjected to laboratory-scale decay tests using two brown-rot fungi. The blocks treated with copper amine-based preservatives leached significant amounts of copper at pH levels below 4.0. At all pH levels, the CuHDO-3-treated samples generally leached the most copper, followed by the samples treated with ACQ-2, CUAZ-3, and CCA-3. When the treated blocks were leached at pH 3.0, the degradation of hemicelluloses, which can chemically adsorb copper, was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the ratio of precipitates of the remaining copper in the treated wood severely decreased after leaching at pH levels below 4.0. Subsequent reduction in the biological effectiveness of wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives was not hardly observed after leaching at pH levels 4.0 or above. These results indicate that copper loss at pH levels 4.0 or above is not great enough to cause public concern about environmental problems and reduction of biological efficacy in practical applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ferreira Costa, Ingrid, Rogério Aparecido Machado, and Marcio Adriano Andreo. "Chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens and its substitutes in the cosmetic industry." Revista Intertox de Toxicologia, Risco Ambiental e Sociedade 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22280/revintervol12ed2.435.

Full text

Abstract:

As a result of their effectiveness in low concentrations, low cost of synthesizing and not causing alteration in the organoleptic characteristics of the products, parabens are widely used as a preservative in cosmetics. According to studies, these esters have the potential to interfere with the performance of the endocrine system causing changes in hormones activity, as well as represent a hazard to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the main chemical, toxicological and environmental aspects of parabens in the cosmetic industry comparing to other preservatives, discussing also the use of plant extracts and essential oils as natural preservatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Morak, Andreas, Angela Unkroth, Roland Sauerbrey, and Klaus Schneider. "Fast analysis of inorganic wood preservatives using laser-induced plasma emission spectrometry." Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology 3, no. 3 (1999): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1999)3:3<185::aid-fact6>3.0.co;2-e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chadwick, J., and S. Reston. "The regulatory problems in estimating the toxicity of wood preservatives to bats." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80156-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Portier, R. J., D. L. Sattler, D. G. Hoover, T. M. Davis, and S. E. Williams. "Recovery and Microbial Remediation of Organic Wood Preservatives in Groundwater at a Former Wood Treating Plant." Remediation Journal 8, no. 4 (1998): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440080409.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Yildiz, Umit Cafer, Ali Temiz, Engin Derya Gezer, and Sibel Yildiz. "Effects of the wood preservatives on mechanical properties of yellow pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood." Building and Environment 39, no. 9 (September 2004): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Šťávová, Jana, Carl A. Sedgeman, Zachary T. Smith, Lillian A. Frink, Jessica A. Hart, Vadoud H. Niri, and Alena Kubátová. "Method development for the determination of wood preservatives in commercially treated wood using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 702, no. 2 (September 2011): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.058.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hertzman, C., K. Teschke, A. Ostry, R. Hershler, H. Dimich-Ward, S. Kelly, J. J. Spinelli, R. P. Gallagher, M. McBride, and S. A. Marion. "Mortality and cancer incidence among sawmill workers exposed to chlorophenate wood preservatives." American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 1 (January 1997): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.1.71.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Sadler, Ross, Peter White, and Des Connell. "Soil transport of wood preservatives applied to the base of power poles." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 61, no. 1-4 (August 1997): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249709358480.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Humar, M., and D. Žlindra. "Influence of temperature on fixation of copper–ethanolamine-based wood preservatives." Building and Environment 42, no. 12 (December 2007): 4068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bergamonti, Laura, Alessia Berzolla, Elisabetta Chiappini, Elisabetta Feci, Lara Maistrello, Sabrina Palanti, Giovanni Predieri, and Giacomo Vaccari. "Polyamidoamines (PAAs) functionalized with siloxanes as wood preservatives against fungi and insects." Holzforschung 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A novel treatment based on polyamidoamines (PAAs) for the preservation of wood against fungi and insects with a broad protection functionality, low effective concentration, and low environmental impact has been developed. PAAs were synthesized by nucleophile addition of ethanolamine (EtA) and/or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA). The molar ratios in the tested formulation were: I) MBA:EtA=1:1; II) MBA:APTES=1:1; III) MBA:EtA:APTES=1:0.5:0.5. These formulations, characterized by ESI-MS, NMR, FT-IR, were tested against: (a) the wood decay fungi (Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor, and Poria placenta); (b) the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus, and the drywood termite Kalotermes flavicollis; (c) the woodborer Stegobium paniceum. Tests in combination with leaching showed that formulation II and III can be utilized as fungal wood preservatives for use classes 2–3 (EN 335:2013). In addition, all PAAs formulations were equally effective in preserving wood against the subterranean termite, and formulation II was most effective against drywood termite. On the other hand, the formulation I showed good efficacy against S. paniceum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Broda, Magdalena. "Natural Compounds for Wood Protection against Fungi—A Review." Molecules 25, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153538.

Full text

Abstract:

Wood is a renewable, versatile material with multiple applications and the largest terrestrial pool of sequestered carbon. However, it is susceptible to degradation, mainly caused by wood-decaying fungi. Since several traditional wood preservatives have been banned owing to their detrimental effects on humans and the environment, extending the lifespan of wood products using new generation natural preservatives is an imperative from the perspectives of human health and environmental protection. Several natural compounds of plant and animal origin have been tested for their fungicidal properties, including essential oils, tannins, wood extractives, alkaloids, propolis or chitosan; and their enormous potential in wood protection has been shown. Although they are not free of limitations, the potential methods to overcome their drawbacks and enhance their bioactivity already exist, such as co-impregnation with different polymers, cross-linkers, metal chelators or antioxidants. The presence of the discrepancies between laboratory tests and the field performance, as well as legislation-related problems resulting from the lack of standards defining the quality and performance of natural protective formulations, however, create an urgent need for further thorough research and arrangements. The collaboration with other industries interested in the utilisation of natural active compounds will reduce the associated costs, thus, will facilitate the successful implementation of alternative antifungal agents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Krause, Christian, Martina Chutsch, and Norbert Englert. "Pentachlorophenol exposure through indoor use of wood preservatives in the Federal Republic of Germany." Environment International 15, no. 1-6 (January 1989): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(89)90060-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kennedy, G., and N. Dai. "Depth profiling of wood preservatives with neutron activation and beta spectroscopy." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 180, no. 1 (May 1994): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039909.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lyytikäinen, Merja, Arto Sormunen, Sirpa Peräniemi, and Jussi V. K. Kukkonen. "Environmental fate and bioavailability of wood preservatives in freshwater sediments near an old sawmill site." Chemosphere 44, no. 3 (July 2001): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00308-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Woźniak, Magdalena, Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip, Michał Krueger, Edward Roszyk, and Izabela Ratajczak. "Chemical, Biological and Mechanical Characterization of Wood Treated with Propolis Extract and Silicon Compounds." Forests 11, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090907.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of new bio-friendly alternatives for wood conservation is of great interest and necessary for environmental protection. In this paper, the preparations based on the propolis extract and silicon compounds were used as green wood preservatives. The wood was treated with 15% propolis extract (EEP) and two propolis-silane preparations, namely, EEP-VTMOS/TEOS (EEP with vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate) and EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS (EEP with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and tetraethyl orthosilicate). The aim of the research was to determine the properties of treated wood, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the resistance against brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana and the mechanical properties of treated wood were also determined. The analysis of phenolic compounds concentration in treated wood indicated that phenols were in greater extent leached from wood treated with the propolis extract than from wood impregnated with the propolis-silane preparations. The presence of silicon in treated wood both before and after leaching was confirmed by CP MAS NMR measurements. In turn, AAS and XRF analyses indicated that the degree of Si leaching from wood impregnated with EEP-VTMOS/TEOS was approximately two times lower than from EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS treated wood. The results of chemical analyses confirmed that the constituents of the propolis-silane preparations formed permanent bonds with wood. In turn, the results of the antifungal efficacy against C. puteana showed that the propolis extract and the propolis-silane preparations limited the fungus activity, even the wood was subjected to leaching procedure. The treated wood showed an increase in bending strength and a decrease in the modulus of elasticity compared to untreated wood. The obtained results indicate that the propolis-silane preparations can be promising green wood preservatives, harmless for the natural environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Barnes, H. M., T. L. Amburgey, and M. G. Sanders. "Performance of copper naphthenate and its analogs as ground contact wood preservatives." Bioresource Technology 96, no. 10 (July 2005): 1131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ahn, Sye Hee, Sei Chang Oh, In-gyu Choi, Gyu-seong Han, Han-seob Jeong, Ki-woo Kim, Young-ho Yoon, and In Yang. "Environmentally friendly wood preservatives formulated with enzymatic-hydrolyzed okara, copper and/or boron salts." Journal of Hazardous Materials 178, no. 1-3 (June 2010): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.128.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Pollard, Simon J. T., Robert E. Hoffmann, and Steve E. Hrudey. "Screening of risk management options for abandoned wood-preserving plant sites in Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-104.

Full text

Abstract:

Several abandoned wood-preserving sites have been identified in Alberta, Canada, which pose a potential threat to human health and the environment. The physiochemical, environmental, and toxicological properties of wood preservatives are discussed together with the predominant human exposure pathways for these chemicals in the environment. A Level II soil fugacity model is used to illustrate the comparative environmental fate of individual organic wood treatment chemicals following release to the soil environment. An evaluation of risk management options at five priority sites is used to illustrate problems associated with the treatment and disposal of mixed organic and inorganic contaminated soils, soil property limitations, and the predominance of organic contaminants within the residual oil phase. The latter reality dominates options for exposure reduction and risk management. Key words: contaminated soils, wood-preserving sites, remediation options, screening, fugacity model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Heine, Philippe, Sara Yavari, Cédric Frenette‐Dussault, Gérald J. Zagury, Jacques Brisson, and Michel Labrecque. "Using Native Woody Plants for Phytomanagement of Urban Technosols Contaminated by Wood Pole Preservatives." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 49, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 2000262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.202000262.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Schr�oder, Wolfgang, Gerhard Matz, and J�rgen K�bler. "Fast detection of preservatives on waste wood with GC/MS, GC-ECD and ion mobility spectrometry." Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology 2, no. 5 (1998): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1998)2:5<287::aid-fact6>3.0.co;2-p.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Terziev, Nasko, Geoffrey Daniel, Grigori Torgovnikov, and Peter Vinden. "Effect of microwave treatment on the wood structure of Norway spruce and radiata pine." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 5616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5616-5626.

Full text

Abstract:

Low permeability of many wood species causes problems during timber manufacturing, including long drying times, material losses after drying, and expensive drying processes. Impregnating low permeability timber with preservatives and resins is extremely difficult. In the pulp and paper industry, use of low permeability wood results in shallow chemical penetration, and it requires the use of small-sized chips, high chemical usage, and high-energy consumption. Microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide solutions to many of these problems. The wood structural changes in Norway spruce and radiata pine after MW modification with 0.922 and 2.45 GHz of were investigated. High intensity MW application (specific MW power 22 to 25 W/cm3, applied energy 79 to 102 kWh/m3) to moist wood caused the following wood structural changes: pit opening and pit membrane rupture; middle lamella weakening and rupture; and ray cell wall destruction and check (voids) formation mainly in the radial-longitudinal plane caused by the destruction of rays and weak middle lamella regions. Microwave destruction of different wood structure elements provided a significant increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases. Knowledge of the effects of MW treatment to the wood structure elements allows assessment of opportunities for the use of microwave irradiation in wood technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Catallo, W. James, and Todd F. Shupe. "Hydrothermal treatment of mixed preservative-treated wood waste." Holzforschung 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2008.017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper describes the hydrothermal treatment (HT) treatment of a mixture of samples treated with three wood preservatives. During HT treatment, creosote-derived hydrocarbon (HC) residues were recovered in the decommissioned treated wood and the wood mass itself was transformed with 95% yield into a mixture of HCs, including substituted benzenes, phenolics and light polyaromatic HCs (PAHs). The metals from the CCA-treated wood were partially recovered (up to 48–88%) either in an acidified AQ phase or as a coating on the internal walls of the reactor. Some arsenic was probably transformed to arsine gas, which could be trapped and recovered under basic conditions. Pentachlorophenol was dechlorinated and removed to below detection limits. The HT process also resulted in the generation of industrially useful mixed HCs with substantial reduction in substrate mass. Thus, the preservative-treated wood as a hazardous waste was transformed into a complimentary mixture of liquid products. Creosote and CCA were recovered, and penta was degraded. It is important to note that this work was performed in large reactors, which were heated with hot air in a muffle furnace. Hence, the incubation time was long. Our current work with small reactors heated instantaneously in tin baths to 400°C has confirmed that HT reactions occur in the order of seconds to minutes. Future publications will address kinetic and mechanistic aspects of these reactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

SOMESHWAR, ARUN V., JAY P. UNWIN, WILLIAM THACKER, LAUREL EPPSTEIN, and BARRY MALMBERG. "Environmental aspects of wood residue combustion in forest products industry boilers." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.27.

Full text

Abstract:

We conducted a comprehensive review of air emissions resulting from burning wood residues in industrial boilers and potential methods to control these emissions. This report compares average emissions with similar data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial boilers. As compared with coal or oil combustion, wood combustion in boilers generally leads to lower emissions of trace metals, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); higher emissions of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and total volatile organic compounds; and comparable emissions of particulate matter and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) (both of which are highly dependent on the efficiency of the ultimate particulate matter control device). Most importantly, wood combustion is carbon dioxide-neutral, a distinct advantage over fossil fuel combustion. Firing wood in stoker units with sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil, leads to a reduction in expected SO2 emissions because of the high carbon and alkali content of most wood ash, and cofiring wood with coal also has some benefits for NOx reduction. This report also discusses the generation and types of combustion ashes resulting from wood burning in mostly combination boilers in the United States and Canada, and provides an overview of ash management practices and the salient characteristics of such ashes relative to their trace metal, organic, and PCDD/F contents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Valcorte, Guilherme, Elio José Santini, Maiara Talgatti, Laura Hoffmann de Oliveira, and Amanda Grassmann da Silveira. "Antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark natural extract subjected to xylophagous fungi." Scientia Agraria Paranaensis 19, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.24285.

Full text

Abstract:

The search for natural wood preservatives is becoming increasingly evident due to industrial preservatives presenting several environmental restrictions, such as soil, water and ecosystems contamination. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark natural extract subjected to rotting fungi. In order to obtain the aqueous extract, two methods were performed with different concentrations, 50 and 100 g L-1, using Pycnoporus sanguineus e Gloeophyllum trabeum, mycelium. In the first, we kept the C. Zeylanicum bark with distilled water for 1 h in water bath and, in the second, the same concentrations were used, however, this was kept in a recipient for 24 h. Then, the extract was subjected to sterilization along with the BDA medium in autoclave at 120ºC for 20 min, they were then put in petri dishes for later evaluation of the mycelium root growth compared with the control. The fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus presented higher fungal activity, obtaining total inhibition of all treatments and extract concentrations, however, for the fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum, the 100 g L-1 concentration warmed in water bath obtained a better result than the others. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous extract presented inhibitory potential. Considering this, we suggest that more studies with this thematic should be carried out, seeking to discover new alternatives for wood preservatives that are less damaging to the environment and to mankind.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Vähäoja, Pekka, Petteri Piltonen, Anna Hyvönen, Jouko Niinimäki, Jorma Jalonen, and Toivo Kuokkanen. "Biodegradability Studies of Certain Wood Preservatives in Groundwater as Determined by the Respirometric Bod Oxitop Method." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 165, no. 1-4 (July 2005): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-6912-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Maciuca, Anca. "ASPECTS REGARDING THE WOOD CERTIFICATION IN ROMANIA." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2, no. 3 (2003): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2003.019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Temiz, Ali, Umit C. Yildiz, and Thomas Nilsson. "Comparison of copper emission rates from wood treated with different preservatives to the environment." Building and Environment 41, no. 7 (July 2006): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Okanlawon, F. B., O. A. Adegoke, O. A. Olatunji, O. A. Okon-Akan, and A. O. Akala. "Effectiveness of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) Seed Oil in Controlling Wood Termite." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 9 (October 16, 2020): 1541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i9.9.

Full text

Abstract:

The protection of wood against biodeteriorating agents like termite during processing or in service has call for serious possible approach using new safer, environmental friendly preservatives hence this study therefore evaluated Azadirachta indica seed oil against termite attack on Gmelina arborea and Triplochiton scleroxylon wood. The seed oil was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus and N-hexane as the solvent. The wood was dimensioned into 20x20x20 mm and the seed oil was applied by brushing, dipping and soaking and exposed to termitarium while the absorption rate and weight loss to termite attack were determined. Data collected was analyzed using simple statistics and analysis of variance at α0.05. The antimicrobial properties of the need seed oil are due to the availability of phytochemicals which promote antimicrobial activity. The maximum wood protection against termite of all the methods of application was obtained from soaking. The absorption and weight loss ranged from 11.20 - 43.88 % and 56.50 -61.58 % for G. arborea and T. scleroxylon respectively. However, all the application methods used for the wood treatment proved to be effective over the untreated wood. Keywords: phytochemicals, seed oil, wood species, wood preservation, wood termite

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Keržič, Eli, Boštjan Lesar, and Miha Humar. "Influence of weathering on surface roughness of thermally modified wood." BioResources 16, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 4675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.4675-4692.

Full text

Abstract:

Wood is one of the most important building materials. Thermally modified wood is entering the market and replacing wood preservatives and tropical wood species in some applications. Thermally modified wood is exposed to weathering similarly as other wood-based building materials. It has been reported that if thermally modified wood is exposed to weathering, its moisture performance might decrease fairly fast. Moisture performance reflects the material’s ability to remain dry and dry out fast when wet. The aim of this study was to determine whether this phenomenon is associated with crack formation or roughness. Norway spruce, thermally modified spruce, wax-treated thermally modified spruce, and European larch heartwood samples were exposed to artificial accelerated weathering and natural weathering for 9, 18, and 27 months. Samples were subsequently isolated, and their roughness was determined with a confocal laser scanning microscope on axial and longitudinal surfaces at 10× and 50× magnification. After weathering, roughness increased on both axial and longitudinal surfaces. This was evident from the profile 2D measurements (Ra) and surface 3D measurements (Sa). The effect of natural weathering on roughness was higher than artificial accelerated weathering, presumably due to synergistic effects of abiotic and biotic factors. This may be associated with Wenzel’s theory on the influence of roughness on the contact angles of water on the surface; namely, increased roughness will decrease the contact angle on hydrophilic surfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wang, Lei, Binhui Li, Xiaoqi Zhao, Shiming Ren, and Yamei Wang. "Isolation and identification of the antibacterial compounds in Coptis chinensis for the preservation of wood." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 2346–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2346-2368.

Full text

Abstract:

Wood is a biomass material that is easily eroded by wood-rotting fungi. Coptis chinensis is a natural green plant, which has an inhibitory effect on most microorganisms. Based on the highly toxic effects of the currently used wood chemical preservatives on humans, animals, and the environment, Coptis chinensis was selected to perform decay resistance experiments of wood in this paper. The active ingredients with bacteriostatic properties in Coptis chinensis were separated and screened via chemical treatment, and their structure was identified via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary bacteriostatic components in Coptis chinensis were berberine hydrochloride, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine. The bacteriostatic zone experiment with a single component and different compounds for white-rot and brown-rot fungus were tested by the disc agar diffusion method. The bacteriostatic effect of berberine hydrochloride in a single active fraction was better. The three-fraction compound had the best bacteriostatic effect and was equivalent to alkaline copper quaternary. The natural active bacteriostatic fractions in Coptis chinensis had noticeable inhibitory effects on white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd) and brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill). The minimum bacteriostatic concentration was 0.01 g/mL. The results showed that Coptis extracts had potential as a wood protectant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Humar, M., D. Žlindra, and F. Pohleven. "Influence of wood species, treatment method and biocides concentration on leaching of copper–ethanolamine preservatives." Building and Environment 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!