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Books on the topic 'Environmental cognition. eng'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Thompson, Evan. Looping Effects and the Cognitive Science of Mindfulness Meditation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0003.

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Cognitive neuroscience tends to conceptualize mindfulness meditation as inner observation of a private mental realm of thoughts, feelings, and body sensations, and tries to model mindfulness as instantiated in neural networks visible through brain imaging tools such as EEG and fMRI. This approach confuses the biological conditions for mindfulness with mindfulness itself, which, as classically described, consists in the integrated exercise of a whole host of cognitive and bodily skills in situated and ethically directed action. From an enactive perspective, mindfulness depends on internalized s
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2

Rosati, Alexandra G. Ecological variation in cognition: Insights from bonobos and chimpanzees. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0011.

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Bonobos and chimpanzees are closely related, yet they exhibit important differences in their wild socio-ecology. Whereas bonobos live in environments with less seasonal variation and more access to fallback foods, chimpanzees face more competition over spatially distributed, variable resources. This chapter argues that bonobo and chimpanzee cognition show psychological signatures of their divergent wild ecology. Current evidence shows that despite strong commonalities in many cognitive domains, apes express targeted differences in specific cognitive skills critical for wild foraging behaviours
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3

Üskül, Ayse K., and Shigehiro Oishi, eds. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.

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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes inc
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4

Kollas, Chad D., and Beth Boyer Kollas. End-of-Life Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0012.

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Growth in the size and wealth of the United States’ elderly population, coupled with a trend toward increasing patient autonomy, has created an environment for increased conflict in end-of-life decision-making. This chapter explores the required elements for making decisions at the end of life, including determination of medical decision-making capacity. Also discussed is the development of the legal reasoning that governs situations involving elderly patients who lack the capacity, but retain the right, to make medical decisions. The chapter describes the utility of the advance care planning
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5

Stecker, Robert. Intersections of Value. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789956.001.0001.

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This book is about the universal human need to aesthetically experience the world around us. To this end, it examines three appreciative contexts where aesthetic value plays a central role: art, nature, and the everyday. The book concludes by asking: what is the place of the aesthetic in a good life? An equally important theme explores the way the aesthetic interacts with other values—broadly moral, cognitive, and functional ones. No important appreciative practice is completely centered on a single value and such practices can only be fully understood in terms of a plurality of intersecting v
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6

Albus, Christian, and Christoph Herrmann-Lingen. Behaviour and motivation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0009.

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Changing one’s lifestyle is difficult and adherence to medication in people at high cardiovascular risk and established cardiovascular disease is low. Lifestyle is usually based on longstanding patterns and is highly determined by social environment and socioeconomic status. Additional factors such as chronic stress, cognitive impairment, and negative emotions (e.g. depression, anxiety) further impede the ability to adopt a healthy lifestyle, as does complex or confusing advice by medical caregivers. In clinical practice, increased awareness of these factors will facilitate empathetic counsell
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7

Albus, Christian, and Christoph Herrmann-Lingen. Behaviour and motivation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0009_update_001.

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Changing one’s lifestyle is difficult and adherence to medication in people at high cardiovascular risk and established cardiovascular disease is low. Lifestyle is usually based on longstanding patterns and is highly determined by social environment and socioeconomic status. Additional factors such as chronic stress, cognitive impairment, and negative emotions (e.g. depression, anxiety) further impede the ability to adopt a healthy lifestyle, as does complex or confusing advice by medical caregivers. In clinical practice, increased awareness of these factors will facilitate empathetic counsell
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8

Cruse, Holk, and Malte Schilling. Pattern generation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0024.

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The faculty to generate patterns is a basic feature of living systems. This chapter concentrates on patterns used in the context of control of behavior. Spatio-temporal patterns appear as quasi-rhythmic patterns mainly in the domain of locomotion (e.g. swimming, flying, walking). Such patterns may be rooted directly in the nervous system itself, or may emerge in interaction with the environment. The examples given show simulation of the corresponding behaviors that in most cases are applied to robots (e.g. walking in an unpredictable environment). In addition, non-rhythmic patterns will be exp
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9

Kam, Julia W. Y., and Todd C. Handy. Electrophysiological Evidence for Attentional Decoupling during Mind-Wandering. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.13.

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The tendency to disengage from the immediate environment and to wander off to another time and place is a unique characteristic of the human mind. While much research has focused on the neural origins of such mind-wandering experience, less understood is the mechanism by which the mind facilitates task-unrelated thoughts. This chapter presents electrophysiological evidence demonstrating a widespread attenuation of numerous cognitive responses to external events during mind-wandering, suggesting that this transient modulation of the depth of the cognitive investment in external events may be on
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10

Nelson, David A., and Craig H. Hart. Parenting and Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0012.

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Many studies have considered whether parents play a role in either promoting or moderating their children’s engagement in relational aggression (also known as indirect or social aggression). This is not surprising, given the consistent parenting correlates of physical aggression in prior research. There is evidence of fairly regular correspondence between children’s relational aggression and their parenting and home environment. We comprehensively consider the range of existing studies that have considered parenting correlates, and we group similar studies together. While most studies have uti
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11

Stella, Vosniadou, Corte Erik de, Mandl Heinz, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Psychological and Educational Foundations of Technology-Based Learning Environments (1992 : Orthodoxos Akademnia Krētēs), eds. Technology-based learning environments: Psychological and educational foundations. Springer, 1994.

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12

Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Decision Making, Control, and Concept Formation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0012.

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While attention controls the internal, mental focus of attention, motor control directs the bodily control focus. Our nervous system is structured in a cascade of interactive control loops, where the primary self-stabilizing control loops can be found directly in the body’s morphology and the muscles themselves. The hierarchical structure enables flexible and selective motor control and the invocation of motor primitives and motor complexes. The learning of motor primitives and complexes again adheres to certain computational systematicities. Redundant behavioral alternatives are encoded in an
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13

Owen, Gareth, Sir Simon Wessely, and Sir Simon Wessely, eds. Neuropsychiatric assessment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199661701.003.0005.

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The chapter gives an approach to the neuropsychiatric assessment including the history, the mental state examination, and the neurological examination. History is vital to neuropsychiatric assessment and the chapter guides on how to elicit the physical and psychological symptoms and, most importantly, give a clear chronology of how these developed. Different time courses are then related to different pathological processes. The skill of observing behaviour (e.g. responses to environment) is emphasized for the mental state examination and the cognitive examination is covered in detail, with key
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14

Proust, Joëlle, and Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive
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15

Miu, Andrei C., Judith R. Homberg, and Klaus-Peter Lesch, eds. Genes, brain, and emotions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793014.001.0001.

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With the advent of methods from behavioral genetics, molecular biology, and cognitive neuroscience, affective science has recently started to approach genetic influences on emotion, and the underlying intermediate neural mechanisms through which genes and experience shape emotion. The aim of this volume is to offer a comprehensive account of current research in the genetics of emotion, written by leading researchers, with extensive sections focused on methods, intermediate phenotypes, and clinical and translational work. Major methodological approaches are reviewed in the first section, includ
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16

DeRubeis, Robert J., and Daniel R. Strunk, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.001.0001.

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Mood disorders are a pressing societal problem, with depression alone now constituting a leading cause of disability in Western Europe and the United States. In the most comprehensive volume of its kind, the Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders provides detailed coverage of the characterization, understanding, and treatment of mood disorders. Chapters are written by the world’s leading experts in their respective areas. The Handbook provides coverage of unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and variants of these disorders. Current approaches to classifying the mood disorders are reviewed, and co
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17

Roberson, Quinetta M., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.001.0001.

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To keep pace with the changing business environment as globalization permeates both consumer and labor markets, this handbook offers the most current research in the workplace diversity, exploring what diversity means and its impact on group and organizational functioning. The volume is comprised of eight sections. The first section provides a fundamental introduction and overview to the history and current state of workplace diversity. The second section explores various conceptualizations of diversity. The third section focuses on psychological perspectives on diversity, touching on the self
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18

Glannon, Walter. Psychiatric Neuroethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758853.001.0001.

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This book is an analysis and discussion of questions at the intersection of psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy, and law that have arisen from advances in psychiatric research and clinical psychiatric practice in the last 30 years. Are psychiatric disorders diseases of the brain, caused by dysfunctional neural circuits and neurotransmitters? What role do genes, neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions, and a person’s response to the environment play in the development of these disorders? How do different explanations of the etiology and pathophysiology of mental illness influence diagnosis
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19

1934-, DeFries J. C., Plomin Robert 1948-, and Fulker David W. 1937-, eds. Nature and nurture during middle childhood. Blackwell, 1994.

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