Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental commodities

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental commodities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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Weinrach, Jeff. "Environmental commodities." Environmental Quality Management 13, no. 2 (2003): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.10114.

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BROCKINGTON, DAN. "Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (November 3, 2011): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000531.

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There is a great deal of discussion in conservation about the possibility of quantifying and paying for the services to societies that nature performs. Functions such as carbon sequestration and water provision can be valued and payments made for them. Advocates argue that payments for ecological/environmental services (PES) will generate substantial sums, render environmental values legible to politicians and make protecting nature common sense to rational people.
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Huang, Ju-Chin, Daigee Shaw, Yu-Lan Chien, and Min Qiang Zhao. "Valuing Environmental Resources through Demand for Related Commodities." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 98, no. 1 (September 14, 2015): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aav053.

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MCCANN, RICHARD J. "ENVIRONMENTAL COMMODITIES MARKETS: ‘MESSY’ VERSUS ‘IDEAL’ WORLDS." Contemporary Economic Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1996): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00626.x.

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Huenke, Alexander D. "Environmental Insurance Policies Are Negotiated Contracts and Not Commodities." Environmental Claims Journal 25, no. 3 (July 2013): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2013.814421.

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Boyd, James, and Alan Krupnick. "Using Ecological Production Theory to Define and Select Environmental Commodities for Nonmarket Valuation." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 1 (April 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007590.

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Economic analyses of nature must somehow define the “environmental commodities” to which values are attached. We articulate principles to guide the choice and interpretation of nonmarket commodities. We describe how complex natural systems can be decomposed consistent with “ecological production theory,” which, like conventional production theory, distinguishes between biophysical inputs, process, and outputs. We argue that a systems approach to the decomposition and presentation of natural commodities can inform and possibly improve the validity of nonmarket environmental valuation studies. We raise concerns about interpretation, usefulness, and accuracy of benefit estimates derived without reference to ecological production theory.
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Starobin, Shana M. "Beekeepers Versus Biotech: Commodity Characteristics and Regulatory Interdependence in the Global Environmental Politics of Food." Global Environmental Politics 18, no. 2 (May 2018): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00459.

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This article examines the unexpected outcomes in a puzzling new empirical case—the success of a coalition of small-scale beekeepers, indigenous peasant social movements, and NGOs in thwarting a multinational biotechnology firm’s efforts to commercialize genetically modified (GM) soy in Mexico. Sparked by news of pending EU rules for honey imports “contaminated” with GM pollen grains, beekeepers and their allies leveraged a transnational regulatory focusing event to downscale the forums for contestation of Mexican transgenic policy to subnational levels—where actors vested in regionally valuable honey production became pitted against actors promoting the national commercialization of GM soy across Mexico. The coalition’s success not only depended on an effective political and legal strategy, as might be expected, but hinged crucially on the unique characteristics of the traded commodities themselves—honey and soy. The case reveals the complex socioecological, market, and regulatory dynamics at play in the cultivation of crops and commodities for consumption and sale into local and global markets. Going beyond the actors and interests involved, the case shows how the physical characteristics of commodities act as constraints to the set of possible institutional alternatives to effectively redress policy problems. Regulations contrived with focal commodities in mind, like soy, can have significant spillover effects to more peripheral commodities, like honey, and the interactions and interdependencies shared among commodities in natural and human systems may in fact foster new windows of opportunity for producers to pursue policy change and innovation at multiple levels of governance.
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Havlík, P., F. Jacquet, Boisson J-M, S. Hejduk, and P. Veselý. "Mathematical programming models for agri-environmental policy analysis: A case study from the White Carpathians." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 2 (February 17, 2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4996-agricecon.

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BEGRAB_PRO.1 – a mathematical programming model for BEef and GRAssland Biodiversity PRoduction Optimisation – elaborated for analysis of organic suckler cow farms in the Protected Landscape Area White Carpathians, the Czech Republic, is presented and applied to the analysis of jointness between several environmental goods. In this way, the paper complements recent studies on jointness between commodities and non-commodities. If these goods are joint in production, agri-environmental payments must be carefully designed because they do not influence only production of the environmental good they are intended for but also the production of other environmental goods. If jointness is negative, any increase in the payment for an environmental good leads to a decrease in production of other environmental goods.
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Carey, M. "Commodities, Colonial Science, and Environmental Change in Latin American History." Radical History Review 2010, no. 107 (April 1, 2010): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2009-042.

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Suh, Sangwon. "Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological–economic model." Ecological Economics 48, no. 4 (April 2004): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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McGee, Julius. "The Paradox of Green Commodities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20476.

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In this dissertation, I establish a theoretical and empirical critique of modern forms of environmentally sustainable technology. Theoretically, I critique the application of environmentally sustainable technologies in modern capitalist economies using the treadmill of production theory and metabolic rift theory. I also expand on these theories by developing an analytical concept – the displacement paradox. The displacement paradox refers to a counterintuitive phenomenon, where green technologies expand rather displace traditional production processes. Empirically, I assess the assumptions of the displacement paradox by analyzing the relationship between organic farming and agrochemical application, organic farming and greenhouse gas emissions, organic farming and water pollution, and alternatively fueled vehicles and total fuel consumption per vehicle. In each of these cases, I find that green technology (in the form of organic farming and alternatively fueled vehicles) is not displacing traditional production processes, and instead expanding alongside them. I argue that these findings are a result of the broader socioeconomic structure that green technology is produced under. Specifically, I contend that because current socioeconomic systems are established around traditional production processes, to substantially reduce environmental degradation, green technologies must operate as a social and technological counterforce to traditional production processes. Currently, the green technologies explored in this dissertation act as a technological alternatives to traditional production processes, making them commodities that sustain the current structure of social relations, as opposed to social and technological counterforces to environmentally hazardous forms of production. I conclude that in order for green technologies to successfully reduce environmental degradation, they must be established under social conditions that support their use over traditional production processes.
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Brain, Kelsey Ann. "The Transnational Networks of Cultural Commodities: Peruvian Food in San Francisco." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2252.

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In a setting of increased movement, communication, and flows across space, commodity chain networks bring valued cultural commodities to transnational communities. This research examines the networks bringing foreign cuisine ingredients to Peruvian transnational communities in San Francisco, California. It seeks to answer three inter-related questions: 1) What are the origins and transportation networks bringing Peruvian food items to San Francisco; 2) Who controls and benefits from the movement of this food and resulting capital; and 3) How do networks vary for different classes of end consumers? Chefs of ten Peruvian restaurants and ten Peruvian migrants in the San Francisco area are interviewed to determine primary imported Peruvian food items and their cultural value. Interviews with representatives of major importing companies as well as searches of import/export databases are used to trace network flows. Flow maps follow the food items from the point of origin to the point of consumption and visually demonstrate the flow of resulting capital. Additionally, network maps are divided into three categories determined by end consumer: expensive restaurant, moderate restaurant, and home cooking. Maps are analyzed for differences between these categories. Finally, a narrative analysis discusses the role of migrants' cultural eating habits in San Francisco and its connection to transnational commodity networks. The research offers commentary on the role of food as a cultural marker for Peruvian transnationals and on the relations of power within the commodity network. This research unites economy and culture at the local and global scales while showing how “things” are imbued with cultural meaning during the processes of production to consumption on a transnational network.
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Makriyannis, Christos. "Biophysical causality, dual commodities, and outcome uncertainty| Implications for the stated preference valuation of coastal climate change adaptation policies." Thesis, Clark University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10256024.

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This dissertation comprises of three papers that address the use of stated preference (SP) choice experiment techniques to better understand how people value the methods and consequences of alternative climate change adaptation strategies. Specifically, it addresses two fundamental issues coastal communities face when making adaptation decisions: 1) tradeoffs between natural systems and built assets and 2) uncertainty regarding future climatic conditions. These issues pose methodological challenges for SP research, with potentially significant welfare and policy implications. The first chapter explores how survey choice scenarios should be designed to generate valid and well-defined welfare estimates given the causally related biophysical processes underlying the tradeoffs between natural systems and built assets. The second chapter explores whether and how the provision of numerical probabilities associated with future climatic conditions helps respondents make more informed choices. The final chapter investigates the implications for welfare estimation of using choice scenarios that provide multiple outcomes of the risk-related attribute compared to the two-outcome approach currently standard in the literature.

Chapter 1 first presents a theoretical model that clarifies why valuation scenarios must include information on all primary ecological and protection outcomes to generate unbiased welfare estimate for coastal adaptation methods. I subsequently use valuation scenarios consistent with this theoretical model to generate welfare estimates for adaptation methods in two coastal New England towns (Old Saybrook and Waterford). This work therefore makes use of advances in the ecosystem service valuation literature to contribute to the growing SP literature that generates willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates for climate change adaptation. I find that residents are willing to pay relatively large amounts for the protection of natural systems, even in the absence of any additional flood protection to private homes. In contrast, I find no evidence that residents are willing to pay for increased hard defenses alone, even in the absence of negative effects on natural systems.

Chapter 2 contributes to a small but growing literature which finds that embedding numerical probabilities in valuation scenarios influences welfare estimates. I argue that it is not clear whether this influence is due to numerical probabilities per se or due to increased choice task complexity. To explore whether numerical probabilities alone influence welfare estimates, presumably helping respondents make more informed choices, I compare the results of one survey which provides numerical probabilities prior to valuation scenarios to those of an otherwise identical survey that altogether omits numerical probabilities. I find that the two surveys yield statistically indistinguishable WTP values. This suggests that lay individuals may not process numerical probabilities as expected by researchers, a result consistent with numerous studies from psychology and branches of economics outside SP valuation.

The final chapter also contributes to the emerging SP literature that investigates the effects of the provision of risk information on welfare estimates. In this literature, risk-related environmental outcomes are communicated to respondents using valuation scenarios that allow for only two possible outcomes, each distinguished by a single numerical probability of occurrence (i.e., the probability of policy failure versus the probability of policy success). In reality, however, few environmental phenomena can be characterized by only two possible outcomes. To explore the effects of this reframing of real-world conditions on welfare estimates, I compare the results of a survey which presents a more complex and accurate valuation scenario to those of an otherwise identical survey that maintains the traditional two-outcome approach. Results suggest increased choice task complexity but show also that multiple risk-related outcomes provide additional information on respondents’ risk preferences and WTP values. Together with the results of Chapter 2, this suggests that a multiple-outcome treatment of risk-related attributes may represent a complementary or—depending on research objectives—an alternative way of communicating and accounting for risk and uncertainty in SP research.

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Venturini, Alessandro Fuentes. "Commodities ambientais: um novo modelo de mercado interpretado à luz do conteúdo de bem ambiental." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9005.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Fuentes Venturini.pdf: 1670825 bytes, checksum: 9beb0f3fb83f142cf795087fed490889 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-25
This issue discusses the consumption needs of the modern society, which comes from the transitory pleasure as well as from the rapid obsolence index reached by products and services, demonstrating that these levels of consumption, although they keep the economy growth and promote the development in poorer countries removing people from misery, are encouraging the use of natural resources in an unsustainable way. In this context, the present consumption may be used to preserve the environment and, at the same time, may promote development of the poorer countries by using a new market model based on environmental commodities. For that, a new interpretation of environmental property is necessary in order to allow that the environmental resources are extracted from nature, with the guarantee to all the citizens regarding the right of an environment ecologically balanced, right which may be used to build a new conception of environmental property
Este trabalho aborda a necessidade de consumo da sociedade moderna, seja pelo prazer momentâneo, bem como pelo rápido índice de obsolescência que os produtos e serviços atingem, demonstrando que esse nível de consumo, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém a economia em crescimento, fomenta o desenvolvimento dos países mais pobres e afasta as pessoas do estado de miserabilidade, patrocinando o uso dos recursos naturais de forma insustentável. Nesse contexto, o consumo atual pode ser utilizado para a preservação ambiental e, ao mesmo tempo, fomentar o desenvolvimento dos países mais pobres, por meio da utilização de um novo modelo de mercado baseado nas commodities ambientais. Para tanto, uma nova leitura do bem ambiental faz-se necessária, para que os recursos ambientais possam ser extraídos da natureza, ao mesmo tempo em que seja garantido, aos demais cidadãos, o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, direito este que passa a preencher um novo conceito de bem ambiental
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Oliveira, Marina Feitosa da Rocha. "De alimento a commodities : a produção de milho no município de Pinhão e suas contradições." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5616.

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The paper now presented analyzes the repercussions of maize production to the countryside and town in the municipality of Pinhão in the state of Sergipe, that despite its small land mass and population of just over 6,000 inhabitants, is gradually showing increased production this cereal, which became the flagship of municipal agricultural production and its surroundings. It is considered that Brazil is now a big producer of corn, which has grown considerably in the last ten years and estimates to predict the future expansion both in area planted as productivity. In recent years we observed in Sergipe agrarian space accelerated growth of this crop, which until then was conducted in several municipalities intercropped with other crops, but with little attention. The cereal was used to supply essentially the herds and a part for the feed and food industries. At present, it is observed that the production of corn held on a grand scale, in the mold of agribusiness, in large properties with the use of large territorial extensions to meet corn chain that supplies a network of interconnected businesses that have corn as raw base material. The hand labor employed in the cultivation of cereal has been drastically reduced, because with the intensive use of mechanization and high tech workers were replaced by machines, which perform the work of several men with more agility, which demonstrates the exclusive nature of this production, since, besides many farmers unable to compete with such high production, suppressed by the expansion of agribusiness corn and devoid of means of production to survive the land, leaving them with only their labor power to be sold were "forced" to leave their small farms in search of new ways of survival and reproduction, the few workers who still work in this production are extremely exploited and exposed to various risks, for very low wages and who undergo such a situation by the lack alternatives. The municipality of Pinion today has around it a true "green sea", the production of corn takes care of almost all arable spaces of the city, small productions of beans and other farm products are almost rarity, since besides the replacement of production the same for corn, it is difficult to survive the intensive use of herbicides and insecticides applied by air in the cornfield that damages and even exterminate small productions around. The municipal seat of Pinion, over ten years, during which there was a boom in corn production throughout the state, has shown changes in its dynamics and configuration, which may reflect the spatial distribution of corn, changes such as the installation of a bank of finance company loans, marketing inputs, fertilizers and agricultural equipment and growth of local commerce store, are changes that can be related to the "growth and development" that corn production has resulted in cities that expand the territory. However, it is important to emphasize that this development is masked by benefits, but rooted for appropriating space, monopolization of production, worker exploitation, expropriation of peasants, alienation of the population and environmental degradation, which are important aspects camouflaged by the sight of the stunning planting corn, which fills the eyes of passers-by watching and empties the dish on who planted with his own hands.
A dissertação de mestrado que ora apresentamos analisa os rebatimentos da produção do milho para o campo e para a cidade no município de Pinhão no estado de Sergipe, que apesar da sua pequena extensão territorial e população com pouco mais de 6.000 habitantes, vem gradualmente apresentando aumento da produção desse cereal, que se transformou em carro-chefe da produção agrícola municipal e do seu entorno. Considera-se que o Brasil atualmente é um grande produtor de milho, que cresceu consideravelmente nos últimos dez anos e as estimativas para o futuro preveem ampliação tanto em área plantada como na produtividade. Nos últimos anos foi possível observar no espaço agrário sergipano um crescimento acelerado desse cultivo, que até então, era realizado em vários municípios consorciado com outras culturas, mas com pouco destaque. O cereal era utilizado para abastecer essencialmente os rebanhos e uma parte para indústrias de rações e alimentícias. Na atualidade, se observa que a produção de milho realizada em grande escala, nos moldes do agronegócio, em grandes propriedades com o uso de vastas extensões territoriais para atender a cadeia produtiva do milho que abastece uma rede de empreendimentos interligados que têm o milho como matéria prima base. A mão-de-obra empregada no cultivo do cereal vem sendo drasticamente reduzida, pois, com o uso intensivo da mecanização e da alta tecnologia, os trabalhadores foram substituídos por máquinas, que realizam o trabalho de diversos homens com mais agilidade, o que demonstra o caráter excludente dessa produção, visto que, além de muitos camponeses ao não conseguirem concorrer com essa alta produção, suprimidos pela expansão do agronegócio do milho e desprovidos de meios de produção para sobreviver da terra, restando-lhes apenas sua força de trabalho para ser vendida, foram "forçados" a deixar suas pequenas propriedades em busca de novas formas de sobrevivência e reprodução, os poucos trabalhadores que ainda trabalham nessa produção são extremamente explorados e expostos a diversos riscos, por remunerações baixíssimas e que se submetem a tal situação pela falta de alternativas. O município de Pinhão hoje tem em seu entorno um verdadeiro "mar verde", a produção de milho toma conta de quase todos os espaços agricultáveis do município, pequenas produções de feijão e outros gêneros agrícolas são quase raridade, pois, além da substituição da produção dos mesmos pelo milho, é difícil sobreviver ao uso intensivo de herbicidas e inseticidas aplicados via aérea no milharal que prejudica e até extermina as pequenas produções ao redor. A sede municipal de Pinhão, ao longo de dez anos, período onde houve o boom da produção de milho em todo o estado, vem apresentando mudanças em sua dinâmica e configuração, que podem ser reflexos da espacialização do milho, mudanças como: a instalação de uma agência bancária, de empresa de empréstimos financeiros, loja de comercialização de insumos, fertilizantes e equipamentos agrícolas e crescimento do comércio local, são mudanças que podem ser relacionadas ao "crescimento e desenvolvimento" que a produção de milho tem provocado nas cidades em que se territorializa. Porém, é importante ressaltar que esse desenvolvimento vem mascarado por benefícios, mas arraigado de apropriação do espaço, monopolização da produção, exploração de trabalhadores, expropriação de camponeses, alienação da população e degradação do meio ambiente, que são importantes aspectos camuflados pela visão da deslumbrante plantação de milho, que enche os olhos de quem passa observando e esvazia o prato de quem a plantava com as próprias mãos.
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Ward, Milton Hawkins. "A model for relationship building and maintaining tenure in the foreign work environment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261725.

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Szilagyiova, Silvia. "An investigation of the two-way relationship between commodities and the UK economy in an environment of inflation targeting." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/23483/.

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This study investigates the sensitivity of the relationship between oil industrial inventories and oil supply at national, international and global levels to developments in monetary policy in the UK. More specifically, it provides evidence for the UK about the two-way relationship between monetary policy and commodity markets in an environment of inflation targeting. The importance of this research can be found in the provision of information which may be beneficial when projecting the economic outlook in general and inflation forecasts in particular. Although the UK operates under an inflation targeting framework, where supply shocks are considered as short-term, but recent movements in commodity markets are found to be more persistent, this study also investigates whether the sensitivity of the UK economy and policy makers to unanticipated movements in commodity prices has changed since the peak in commodity prices in 2008 which is coincident with the start of the financial crisis. The estimation of VEC models adjusted for the UK, and plotting impulse response functions is used to investigate the dynamic reaction of oil inventories and oil supply at national, international and global levels to the shock in monetary policy. Estimated SVAR models investigate the size of the persistent and transitory effects of different types of oil and food commodity shocks on the UK economy and the reaction of policy makers. Afterwards, the Chow test is used for the identification of potential structural breaks and the investigation of whether the sensitivity of the UK economy to shocks in commodity prices has changed. The results reveal that an expansionary UK monetary policy leads to a statistically significant decline in the OPEC oil supply while there is a less statistically significant effect on EU oil supply movements. Tight monetary policy is found to have the most significant effect on the UK’s industrial oil stocks and EU industrial oil stocks. The results also reveal that the world oil supply, as well as the OPEC oil supply, became less responsive to money supply and more responsive to interest rates after the Bank of England was given an operational independency. The responsiveness of the OECD oil stocks has also become slightly more responsive since the financial crisis. Following an investigation of the transitory and persistent effect of oil and food commodities shocks in relation to the nature of the shocks, the results reveal that shocks in oil prices pass through into the UK’s core inflation. It is also found that policy decisions in the UK are more sensitive to the actual shock in food prices than to the primary shock in food demand. The response of headline inflation to oil price shocks is found to be stronger before the oil price peak in 2008 and becomes less responsive afterwards while the response of core inflation to the shock in food prices is stronger after the price peak in 2008.
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Schram, Ashley. "International Trade and Investment Agreements and Health: The Role of Transnational Corporations and International Investment Law." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35231.

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Addressing complex global health challenges, including the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), will require change in sectors outside of traditional public health. Contemporary regional trade and investment agreements (RTAs) like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) continue to move further ‘behind-the-border’ into domestic policy space introducing new challenges in the regulation of health risk factors. This dissertation aimed to clarify the pathways through which RTAs influence NCDs, and to explore points along those pathways with the intent of improving the existing evidence base and supporting policy development. This work develops a critical theoretical framework exploring the ideas, institutions, and interests behind trade and investment policy; it also develops a conceptual framework specifying how trade and investment treaty provisions influence NCD rates through the effects of trade and investment on tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and beverage products, as well as access to medicines and the social determinants of health. Using health impact assessment methodology, three analytical components were designed to examine pathways of influence from RTAs to health outcomes as mediated by the interests of transnational corporations (TNCs). The first component explored the influence of industry during the TPP negotiations and how its health-related interests were reflected in the final TPP text. The second component examined the role of trade and investment liberalisation in health-harmful commodity markets, finding a rise in TNC sales after a period of liberalisation. The third component demonstrated how investor rights and investor-state dispute can challenge the state’s right to regulate if it damages the profits of TNCs, which may threaten effective health regulation, and provides opportunities to strengthen the right to regulate. The work in this dissertation provides support for the thesis that trade and investment policies are a fundamental structural determinant of health and well-being, which are highly influenced by TNCs that guide such policies in the interest of maximising their profits and protections, often to the detriment of public policy and population health. This work identifies the need for more robust health impact assessments of RTAs before future agreements are ratified, as well as an imperative to challenge vested interests that entrench neoliberal policy preferences that have hindered sustainable and equitable development.
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Chang, Shih-Chiang, and 張士強. "Research for Analytical Techniques of Common Environmental Hormones in the Environment and Commodities." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84462856209005509100.

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博士
國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
104
"Environmental hormone" refers to exogenous chemicals that interfere with endocrine organism. These chemicals may mimic native hormones and bind with hormone receptor. The impact is to change the content of hormones or direct stimulation, inhibition of the endocrine system, endocrine system disorders, thereby impeding the reproductive, developmental and other functions, even extinctions caused by cancer and harm. For example, some of commonly used plasticizer phthalate esters (PAEs), which have been restricted around the world such as: Japan, the United States, and the European Union as suspected endocrine disrupting substances. Due to the development of its petrochemical industry and oil refining, they may be easily transferred to human bodies through inhalation or ingestion. In 2011, Taiwan has an outbreak of food plasticizer event which causes the harm for numerous people health and international attentions. In this research, phthalates, triclosan (TCS), and 4-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) have been detected in various matrices such as soil, water, daily life products by using our developed analytical schemes. The technique, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), is the approach of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). This approach uses less solvent and sample amount to achieve the goal of greener, simpler, and environmental friendly of analytical method. The targeted analytes could be rapidly determined with limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 1.2 (DBP) to 90.8 (DEHP) ng/mL in real samples such as bottled waters, personal care products, soaps, lotions, and urine. The developed analytical scheme is solvent-saving, efficient, and capable of fast screening samples for these common endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In the further, we hope it can be expectedly utilized for the material approach in the methods of dispersive SPE) or QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe). The most common way of human exposure to environmental hormones is indirect ingestion of contaminated food. Although the new age types of product announced that there were non-toxic plasticizers inside, our research results indicate that up to 10 different plasticizers were detected in 22 samples even in non-PVC food wraps through the developed GC-MS method. We even discovered the non-targeted plasticizers present in the certain samples. We used subcritical water with the conditions of 250℃、100 bar to treat the PAE-contaminated soils for the remediation process. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled with HPLC-UV were utilized for the evaluation of removal efficiencies. The results indicated removal efficiency ranges of 80–90% for PAEs spiked in soil samples. In this research, most common matrices such as waters, soils, and life products were selected to be samples for the development of analytical method. Unfortunately, some of targeted environmental hormones were presented in different sample sources, which showed that the developed analytical schemes were suitable and permanent for those various samples. Nowadays, there are contaminates and chemicals around our surrounding, we hope the development of analytical scheme can be more precise, greener for the applications of life science.
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Samnaliev, Mihail. "Research and policy considerations in the valuation and the allocation of environmental and health commodities." 2004. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3152742.

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This dissertation consists of three essays that address some of the recent issues and policy considerations related to the valuation of environmental and health commodities. The first essay tests the effectiveness of two calibration techniques for hypothetical bias in contingent valuation; cheap talk and uncertainty adjustment. We find that uncertainty adjustment using a 10-point scale significantly reduces willingness to pay estimates and may be able to eliminate hypothetical bias. The second essay examines public attitudes about the implementation of alternative management policies for public recreation lands in the US. This study is relevant to the current debate in Congress about the future of the Fee Demonstration Program which is designed to test the relevance and social acceptance of market based user fees to secure sufficient funding for public recreation lands. We found that the most socially acceptable forms for raising revenues were donation boxes, corporate sponsorships and adopt-a-site contracts. Both, user fees and increase in taxes faced greater opposition than support. The third essay studies the effect of health insurance on the utilization of medical services, health production and cost of health care in Massachusetts. In this application of economic analysis, markets for health services are often distorted by the presence of health insurance which may lead to non-optimal allocation of medical resources. We test for differences in efficiency among the major types of health insurance plans, Medicaid, Medicare, non-managed and managed plans. Our focus is on patients hospitalized with asthma or diabetes, two conditions which have been occurring with increasing prevalence in the US. Our findings suggest that managed care health plans decrease the cost of health care for some medical conditions. Each essay is presented as a separate chapter and represents an independent research study. Tables and figures follow after each essay, and all bibliography and appendices are presented at the end of the dissertation.
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Books on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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Aïd, René, Michael Ludkovski, and Ronnie Sircar, eds. Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3.

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Slade, Margaret E. Do markets underprice natural-resource commodities? Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Office of the vice president, Development Economics, World Bank, 1992.

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Slade, Margaret E. Environmental costs of natural resource commodities: Magnitude and incidence. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington 20433): Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, World Bank, 1992.

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Environmental commodities markets and emissions trading: Towards a low carbon future. Abingdon, Oxon: RFF Press, 2013.

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Workshop, on Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Latin American Environmental History (2001 London England). Territories, commodities and knowledges: Latin American environmental history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2004.

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Custers, Raf. Chasseurs de matières premières. Charleroi: Investig'Action, 2013.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. National Recyclable Commodities Act of 1990: Report of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on S. 1884. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida. Guerra ecológica nos babaçuais: O processo de devastação do palmeirais, a elevação do preço de commodities e o aquecimento do mercado de terras na Amazônia. São Luís, MA: MIQCB/Balaios Typ., 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness. National Recyclable Commodities Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 4942 ... June 28, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Policy Trade and Environment. Market development in food for peace, is it working?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade and Environment of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, August 3, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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Wiesmeth, Hans. "The Allocation of International Environmental Commodities." In Environmental Economics, 211–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24514-5_12.

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Carmona, René. "Financialization of the Commodities Markets: A Non-technical Introduction." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 3–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_1.

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Brigatti, Edgardo, Felipe Macías, Max O. Souza, and Jorge P. Zubelli. "A Hedged Monte Carlo Approach to Real Option Pricing." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 275–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_10.

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Aïd, René, and Imen Ben Tahar. "Transition to Electric Mobility: An Optimal Price Subsidy Rule." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 301–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_11.

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Ludkovski, Michael, and Ronnie Sircar. "Game Theoretic Models for Energy Production." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 317–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_12.

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Bossy, Mireille, Nadia Maïzi, and Odile Pourtallier. "Game Theory Analysis for Carbon Auction Market Through Electricity Market Coupling." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 335–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_13.

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Ludkovski, Michael, and Xuwei Yang. "Dynamic Cournot Models for Production of Exhaustible Commodities Under Stochastic Demand." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 371–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_14.

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Dasarathy, Anirudh, and Ronnie Sircar. "Variable Costs in Dynamic Cournot Energy Markets." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 397–430. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_15.

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Guo, Kevin, and Tim Leung. "Understanding the Tracking Errors of Commodity Leveraged ETFs." In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 39–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_2.

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Lautier, Delphine, Julien Ling, and Franck Raynaud. "Integration of Commodity Derivative Markets: Has It Gone Too Far?" In Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance, 65–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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Hanisah, Kiagus Muhammad Zain Basriwijaya, Karnelis, and Layli Fitriana. "Role of Leading People Plantation Commodities in Increasing Community Income and Environmental Preservation in River Areas Langsa District." In 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Modern Society (ICSTMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210909.022.

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Sciubba, Enrico. "On the Internalization of Monetary and Environmental Externalities in the Exergetic Analysis of Energy Conversion Systems." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79064.

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The article describes and discusses to some detail a method for computing the cost of a commodity in terms of its resource-base equivalent value (as opposed to its monetary cost). The method is called the extended exergy accounting technique (EEA), and its proper application enables the analyst to perform more complete and meaningful assessments of a complex production system, including of course energy conversion processes. The novelty as well as the decisive advantage of EEA consists in its being entirely and uniformly resource-based: the so-called externalities (labor, capital and environmental remediation costs) are included in the system balance by means of their equivalent exergetic fluxes, which represent the gross amount of primary exergy required to locally generate the specified amount of capital, the specified number of work-hours, or to reduce the emissions below a certain specified level. EEA owes some of its structural formalism to Sraffa’s “network” representation of the economic production of commodities by means of other commodities, which it extends by accounting for the unavoidable energy dissipation in every productive chain. The method has also borrowed several definitions, concepts and procedures from Georgescu-Roegen’s classical work on the economic implications of irreversibility on production chains, from Daly’s pioneering work in resource-oriented economics and from Szargut’s “cumulative exergy content” method. The representation of a general energy conversion process by means of its extended exergy flow diagram is discussed in this article, and it is argued that some of the issues that are difficult to address with a purely monetary approach can be properly resolved by EEA. It is also shown how EEA, being intrinsically “localized” both in time and in space, can account for the non-uniformity of societal conditions without the need of patching the theory with artificial features external to its paradigm. In the conclusions, some indications are given as to the possibility of using the extended exergy accounting technique to supplement and substantially improve Thermo-Economics on one side and Life-Cycle Assessment or Environmental Footprint Analysis on the other side.
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Boxy, Marthinus, Nur Endah Wuryandari, and Dudi Permana. "How to The Prospect of The Supply Chain Performance Stability and Implication of The Sustainability of Indonesia's Vanilla Origin Commodities?" In Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-9-2020.2302731.

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Kalluri, Sumanth, Pasi Lautala, and Robert Handler. "Toward Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Road and Multimodal Transportation Alternatives: A Case Study of the Highland Copper Project." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5841.

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Freight transportation of goods and commodities is a necessity and is often a significant portion of the overall investment in industrial development, especially in the natural resource industry. The economic costs of developing infrastructure have long been factored into the project costs, but environmental or social impacts have received less attention. In addition, alternative transportation modes are rarely compared from both economic and environmental perspectives. This paper performs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for truck-only, multimodal and rail transportation options to transport ore and concentrate. In this paper, LCA is performed in SimaPro for construction/manufacturing, operations, maintenance, and end of life phases to obtain the overall Global Warming Potential (GWP) in terms of kilogram equivalents of CO2 (kg CO2eq). After emissions from alternative options have been defined, the cost of each option can be investigated through Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) This paper also discusses the past work on LCCA and its application to transportation projects. The final part provides a methodology to convert the emission results from LCA for integration with the costs from LCCA.
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Thies, Philipp R., Lars Johanning, Tessa Gordelier, Andrew Vickers, and Sam Weller. "Physical Component Testing to Simulate Dynamic Marine Load Conditions." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10820.

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The reliability and integrity of components used in the marine offshore environment is paramount for the safety and viability of offshore installations. The engineering challenge is to design components that are robust enough to meet reliability targets whilst lean enough to minimise cost. This is particularly the case for offshore marine renewable installations which operate in the same, possibly harsher, environment as offshore oil and gas installations, and are subjected to highly cyclic and dynamic wave, wind and operational load conditions. The cost of electricity produced has to compete with other means of electricity generation and does thus not offer the same profit margins available as oil and gas commodities. As a result, components for marine renewable installations have to meet the target reliability, without the application of costly safety factors to account for load and environmental uncertainties. Industries with similar design tasks such as the aviation or automotive industry have successfully used a service simulation test approach to develop robust yet lean designs. This paper builds on an approach to establish and validate the reliability of floating renewable energy devices in which dedicated component testing using the purpose built Dynamic Marine Component test rig (DMaC) plays a pivotal role to assess, validate and predict the reliability of components in the marine environment. This paper presents a test rig for both static and fatigue tests of marine components such as mooring lines and mooring shackles under simulated or measured load conditions and provides two case studies from recently conducted mooring component tests. This includes an investigation into the load behaviour of synthetic mooring ropes and the ageing of mooring shackles.
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Vohra, Aman, Nitin Pandey, and Sunil Kumar Khatri. "Prevention of Agricultural Commodities using Artificial Intelligence." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peeic47157.2019.8976688.

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Murakami, Kouji, Kazuya Matsuo, Tsutomu Hasegawa, Yasunobu Nohara, Ryo Kurazume, and Byong Won Ahn. "Position tracking system for commodities in an indoor environment." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690034.

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Strehler, Jennifer, Scott Vandenburgh, Dave Parry, and Tim Rynders. "Colorado Community Benefits From Installing Waste Heat Recovery System." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90479.

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The Town of Avon Colorado and the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District have partnered to design, construct, and operate a mechanical “Community Heat Recovery System” which extracts low-grade waste heat from treated wastewater and delivers this heat for beneficial use. Immediate uses include heating of the community swimming pool, melting snow and ice on high pedestrian areas in an urban redevelopment zone in order to improve pedestrian safety, and space heating for project buildings and an adjacent water plant pump station building. Points of use are located within one mile of the treatment plant. The initial system is sized to extract heat from 170 m3/hr (1.08 mgd) of wastewater plant effluent with a 298 kW (400 hp) heat pump. The heat pump will deliver 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy to the heat recovery system. A supplemental natural gas boiler provided to meet peak demands will provide an additional 1,026 kW (3,500,000 BTU/hr) energy. The system is expandable allowing the installation of a second heat pump in the future and roof-mounted solar thermal panels. Power for the waste heat recovery system is provided by wind-generated electricity purchased from the local electric utility. The use of wind power with an electric-powered heat pump enables the agencies to fulfill energy needs while also reducing the carbon footprint. The system will achieve a reduction in the temperature of the treated wastewater, which is currently discharged to the Eagle River during low river flow, fish-sensitive periods. The agencies expect to save tax payers and rate payers money as a result of this project as compared to other alternatives or the status quo because it results in a more sustainable long-term operation. At 2008 utility commodities pricing, delivery of heat generated from this system was estimated to cost about one-third less than that from a conventional natural gas boiler system. This facility is the first of its kind in the U.S. and received a “New Energy Community” grant from the State of Colorado. This project shows how local agencies can work cooperatively for mutual benefit to provide infrastructure which accommodates growth and urban renewal and simultaneously demonstrate strong environmental leadership. The potential application of this technology is broad and global. The installed system is expected to cost about $5,000,000; construction will be completed in 2010.
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Coulson, K. E. W., T. C. Slimmon, and M. A. Murray. "A Structured Approach to Supplier Performance Measurement." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-116.

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The start of the new millennium will see companies in the oil and gas industry faced with a dual challenge. Not only will they have to undertake exploration in more demanding terrain and environments, but they also face far more competition in what they previously regarded as their traditional marketplace. The goal of meeting both shareholder and customer needs, while simultaneously attempting to increase market share by becoming more competitive, will be paramount if this success is to be achieved. While a number of strategies have been developed over the last decade in an attempt to achieve and balance these financial goals, the control and reduction of costs play a significant part in all such ‘cost effective’ programs. Past approaches have targeted the organisational structure, internal processes and strategic advantage through acquisitions, mergers and downsizing. However, any gains realised by such programs must be continuously improved upon by implementing innovative approaches to future reductions and controlling costs. Some companies have shifted the focus from internal cost scrutiny to influencing and ultimately controlling external factors of cost. The supply chain offers a tremendous opportunity to drive out costs, one such approach being to partner with the best suppliers of key components to shorten delivery times while minimizing life cycle costs. It is therefore paramount that one distinguishes between those who are simply suppliers and that smaller group who are the best suppliers, all the while fostering a win-win relationship by sharing growth and profitability. This paper will introduce the concepts of the Supplier Performance Measurement Process (SPMP), which NOVA / TransCanada introduced in late 1997 to measure and manage its suppliers’ performance in the provision of a few strategically critical commodities. To provide context for this paper two such commodities, high pressure line pipe and high integrity pipe coatings are addressed in some detail. The application of the process to these commodities alone yielded a capital cost reduction of 6%. The paper explains in practical terms, the steps involved in the implementation of SPMP, and provides a simple process for eliciting feedback on the efficacy of the procurement process.
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Gercekovich, D. A., O. Yu Basharina, I. S. Shilnikova, E. Yu Gorbachevskaya, and S. A. Gorsky. "Information and algorithmic support of a multi-level integrated system for the investment strategies formation." In 3rd International Workshop on Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/iccs-de.2021.06.

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The article summarizes the accumulated practical experience of the authors in the development of algorithms for the formation of investment strategies. For this purpose, the optimization of the studied parameters, information support of investment activities, verification, monitoring and adjustment in the testing mode and the subsequent practical application of the described tools are considered. The system is based on the main provisions of the Markowitz portfolio theory. The analytical block of the Information System Portfolio Investor includes Profitability-Risk model; empirical models of optimal complexity; hybrid predictive model systems; the principle of combining (integrating) both models and forecasts, as well as decision rules; optimization of the training sample length (modified Markowitz model); optimization of the frequency of monitoring and adjusting the composition of the investment portfolio. The principles of design and development of the information block of the system, its replenishment and functioning are described in detail. All the above listed components of the algorithmic content of the investment decision making system are described sequentially. The system modules have been successfully tested on a wide class of financial instruments: ordinary shares, preferred shares, government and corporate bonds, exchange commodities, stock, commodity, industry and bond indices, exchange-traded investment funds and real estate funds. The implemented Markowitz model with a dynamic database of historical data can significantly increase the efficiency of investment decisions, which is facilitated by taking into account the characteristics of both the markets under study and the corresponding financial instruments.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental commodities"

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Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.

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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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Pasha, Asmawan, Leimona, Wijaya, and Setiawan. Commoditized or co-invested environmental services? Rewards for environmental services scheme: river care program. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp12051.pdf.

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